cong_nghe_SX_malt_va_bia

8/7/2019 cong_nghe_SX_malt_va_bia

1/93

8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 1

Trng I hc bch khoa h ni

Vin cng ngh sinh hc v cng ngh thc phmB mn Cng ngh Cc Sn phm Ln men

Cng ngh SN XUTMALT V BIA

Ngi son : PGS.TS L Thanh Mai


2/93


Cng ngh SX Malt v Bia

Chng I : M uI.1 nh ngha bia

I.2 Lch s pht trin cng ngh sn xut bia

I.3 Gii thiu tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia

Phn I : Nguyn liu chinhChng II : i mch1.1.1.1. CCcc loloii ii mmchch

1.2.1.2. CCuu trtrcc hhtt ii mmchch1.3.Th1.3.Thnhnh phphnn hoho hhcc

1.4.1.4. nhnh gigi chchtt llngng ii mmchchChng III : nguyn liu thay th malt i mch

III.1 Nguyn liu thay th dng ht

III.2 Nguyn liu thay th dng ng


3/93


Cng ngh SX Malt v Bia

Chng IV : Hoa houblon

IV.1 Gii thiu cy hoa houblon

IV.2 Thnh phn ho hc hoa houblon

IV.3 Ch phm hoa houblon

Chng V : NcV.1 Vai tr ca nc trong sn xut bia

V.2 Thnh phn ho hc ca nc ngm

V.3 nh hng cc ion trong nc n CN v CLSP

V.4 X l nc trong qu trnh nu bia


4/93


Phn 2 : Cng ngh SX Malt

Chng VI: Phn loi, lm schvbo qun i mchv ngm i mch

Chng VII: Ngm v Ny mm i mch

Chng VIII: Sy malt ti v nh gi cht lngmalt


5/93


Phn 3 : Cng ngh SX Bia

Chng IX : Chun b dch ngIX.1 Nghin malt v nguyn liu thay th malt

IX.2 Nu-ng ho malt v nguyn liu thay th

IX.3 Lc dch ngChng X : nu hoa, lm trong v lm lnh dch ng

X.1 Nu dch ng vi hoa houblon

X.2 Lm trong v lm lnh dch ngChng XI : Ln men chnh v ln men ph

XI.1 L thuyt v qu trnh ln men

XI.2 Vn men ging trong sn xut biaXI.3 K thut ln men

XI.4 Ln men ph v tng tr bia


6/93


Phn 3 : Cng ngh SX Bia

Chng XII : Hon thin sn phm

XII.1 Lm trong bia

XII.2 Bo ho CO2

XII.3 Chit bia

XII.4 Thanh trng bia

XII.5 nh gi cht lng bia


7/93


Ti liu tham kho1. Hong nh Ho, 1998. Cng ngh sn xut malt vbia, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut

2. Nguyn Th Hin (ch bin), 2008. Khoa hc- Cngngh Malt v Bia, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut

3. Wolfgang Kunze, 1996, Technology Brewing and

Malting, VLB Berlin.4. J . De Clerck, 1980. Cours de Brasserie, Editeur E.De

Clerck, Belgique

5. J.R.A.Pollock, 1987. Brewing Science, Academic Press

6. E.G Priest, 1996. Brewing Science &Technology. The

Institut of Brewing.


8/93


nh ngha Bia

Php : Bia l mt loi ung thu c bng cch ln men

ru dch chit cc cht t i mch ny mm, c b sungkhng qu 30% nguyn liu thay th khc v hoa houblon

Vit nam :

Bia l ung ln men c cn thp, c lm t nguyn

liu chnh l malt i mch, houblon, nm men v nc

c: Bia l mt loi ung thu nhn c nh ln men

v khng qua chng ct, v ch s dng ht i mch ny mm,

hoa houblon, nm men v nc


9/93


Thi k Ai Cp c i

5000 TCN, ngi Sumrien v Assyrien sn xut

ung ln men t cc loi ht ng cc

4000 TCN, ti Ai Cp : bia ca Ai Cp =bia cc nh Qu

tc

2000 TCN, di thi vua Hammourabi, ngi Babilon

vit thnh sch cc nguyn tc nu bia.

Ngi Ai Cpvngi Babilon s dng nhiu loi gia

v to ra nhiu loi bia c khc nhau.

Lch s ngnh bia


10/93


Bn khc trn

C t 3 000 nm trc Cng nguyn

Lch s ngnh bia


11/93


X

ng bia khc trn

C t 2 500 nm tr

c CN, tm thy trong ngi m Ai cp

Lch s ngnh bia


12/93


tm thy cc du vt SX bia ti an mch

Cc nc Chu u cng bit n sp bia t

1500 trc CN

Sn xut Bia c khi phc v pht trin :

- cc xng bia mc ln nh nm sau ma,

- Bia = thuc cha bnh (bnh dch hch chu u)

Thi k ny, nu bia phi ng thu

To hng = bng cy , c tho mc c v ng v hng

thm


13/93


Pht hin Hoa houblon

bo qun bia lu hn, to hng v c bit

thay th mi c thm khc

nh tnh khng khun ca hoa houblon : ln men ni v

bia cht lng tt hn

Th k th 8


14/93


Thi k Louis Pasteur

Trong CM Php thi k tn ca cc xng bia nh th

Thi Napoleon cc xng bia c khi phc dn

1880 : bc ngot trong ngnh sn xut bia- Louis Pasteur tm ra bn cht ca qa trnh sn xut bia v

1876 xut bn cc Nghin cu v Bia

- Ln men t nhin tuyn chn chng ging (hng v

n nh, cht lng tng,

- Bo qunb ia= un nng 70o

C ( thanh trng Pasteur)ChSX bia vo ma ng do khng c phng tin lm lnh

1877: Pht minh ra my lnh ca Von Linde

Lch s ngnh bia


15/93


Thi i hin nay u tk 20, SX bia ang pht trin mnh gp nhiu c sc

Chin tranh Th gii I ( thiu nguyn liu, thiu nhn

lc) Sau chin tranh ; cc xng bia c m li v c

kh ho

Chin tranh th gii II, thiu nguyn liu trm trng =>s dng nguyn liu thay th => Cht lng km, chai

buc phi t i s dng

T 1946 : NCKH pht trin nhanh, ngnh CNSX biapht trin

chcn li cc xng bia quy m ln

Lch s ngnh bia


16/93


Sn xut v tiu th Bia (2)

Trn th gii :

Sn lng : >150 t lit/nm

Nng sut > 10 t lit/nm c 2-3 nc (c, M, TQ)

Mc tiu th > 100 lit/ng/nm (c, an mch, Tip)

Quy m sx : - M 5 cng ty chim 60%,

- Canada 2 cty 94% ton nc


17/93


Sn lng bia th gii 2001- 2006

100100100100100100 %Tng

1.21.31.31.41.51.5

Chu c/Chui Dng

4.64.54.44.44.34.2Chu phi

10.710.710.210.210.711.1Nam M

20.120.921.422.221.722.1Bc M

30.028.528.526.926.526.0Chu /Trungng

33.434.134.134.935.335.1Chu u

200620052004200320022001Vng


18/93


Lng bia tiu th tnh theo vng (2004)


19/93


72,2 l/an/hab.Hongrie

82,1 l/an/hab.Venezuela35,4 l/an/hab.France157 l/an/hab.Rpublique tchque80,2 l/an/hab.Finlande

58,2 l/an/hab.Suisse881,6 l/an/hab.tats-Unis

88,4 l/an/hab.Slovaquie75 l/an/hab.Estonie

101,5 l/an/hab.Royaume-Uni96,2 l/an/hab.Danemark

79 l/an/hab.Pologne78,9 l/an/hab.Portugal

78,7 l/an/hab.Pays-Bas49,7 l/an/hab.Brsil

50,5 l/an/hab.Norvge96,2 l/an/hab.Belgique

72,8 l/an/hab.Nouvelle-Zlande110,6 l/an/hab.Autriche

101,6 l/an/hab.Luxembourg91,5 l/an/hab.Australie

141,2 l/an/hab.Irlande161,5 l/an/hab.Allemagne

ConsommationPaysConsommation7Pays


20/93


Tnh hnh tiu th bia trn th gii 2007

51.3Nht Bn3481.2Croatia1551.5Thu in3381.6M14

51.8Mexico3283.8Ty Ban Nha13

55.5Na- Uy3184.1Slovakia12

55.8Gabon3084.4Luxembourg11

57.3Switzerland2985.0Phn Lan10

58.1Cyprus2889.9an Mch9

58.2Romania2793.0B8

58.6Venezuela2693.3Nam T7

58.9Nga2599.0Anh6

59.2Nam Phi24108.3o5

59.5Bulgari23109.9c459.6B o Nha22115.8c3

59.7Aixlen[d]21131.1Ailen2

68.3Canada20156.9Cng ha Czech1

Tiu th(L/ng/nm)

NcXphng

Tiu th(L/ng/nm)

NcXphng


21/93


Sn xut v tiu th Bia (3)

Chu :

Nng sut 7- 10 t lit/nm (TQ, Nht); TB 17 l/ngi.nm

Tc (ca 10 nm) tng TB 7% > < Chu u gim 4%

(Thi lan tng 26,5, Philipin 22, Malaxia 21, TQ 20%)

Quy m sx : - Nht 4 cng ty chim 40,

- TQ 800 NM, 18 NM >150 triul/nm, chim >25%

Mc tiu th: 50 lit/ng/nm Nht ; 18-20 Singapore,

Philipin.


22/93


S lc lch s ngnh bia Vit Nam

Min Nam: nm 1875 Php cho xy dng nh

my bia Si Gn thuc hng BGI.

Min Bc: nm 1890 Bia bt u c mt H

Ni


23/93


Trong thi gian khng chin : khng c nh my

bia ln no c xy dng.

n gia thp k 80 : ch c hai nh my ny sn

xut bia p ng c khong 60% nhu cu trong c

nc

2007 : >300 (2 quc gia, 7 lin doanh & >300

c s

S lc lch s ngnh bia Vit Nam


24/93


109902005

2515002010

86242000

4,433019941,51001990

1,48719861,3601980

Bnh qun

(lt/ngi)

Sn lng

(Triu lt)

Nm

Sn xut v tiu th Bia VN


25/93


Hng i hin nay ca ngnhbia

a dng ha sn phm Ci thin v n nh cht lng sn phm

Gim ti a tn tht trong sn xut


26/93


nh hng pht trin cngnghip bia Vit Nam

Mc tiu cho n nm 2010:

nghnh bia - ru - NGK nghnh kinh t mnh, khuynkhch s dng nguyn liu trong nc, sn phm cht lng

cao, c uy tn, thng hiu

nh hng pht trin:

Hin i ha cng ngh.

u tin s dng thit b trong nc. Tp trung u t cc nh my c cng sut ln.

Quy hoch v xy dng cc trung tm nghin cu.


27/93


ia = malt i mch + hoa houblon + nc + nm men

Lch s ngnh bia


28/93


S CNSX Malt-Bia


29/93


PHN I :

Nguyn liu chnh trong sn xut bia

ChngChng II :: I MI MCHCH-- MALTMALT

1.1.1.1. CCcc loloii ii mmchch

1.2.1.2. CuCu trtrcc hhtt ii mmchch

1.3.Th1.3.Thnhnh phphnn hoho hhcc

1.4.1.4. nhnh gigi chchtt llngng ii mmchch


30/93


i mch


31/93


i mch 2 hng

Thuc h la m (Gramineae), chiHordeum

i mch hai hng:Hordeum Distichum

Ch c hai bng hoa trn gi c kh nng to ht

Ht pht trin tt, trn u

V tru mng hn

CCcc loloii ii mmchch


32/93


i mch 2 hng M ma xun:

gieo ht thng 2-4, sau 35-40 ngy kt bng,

thu hoch 7- 8

M ma ng :

gieo ht thng 11, sau 100 ngy kt bng thu hoch vo thng 7


CC ll ii ii hh


33/93


i mch 6 hngHordeum Hexastichum

= i mch ma ng hay i mch vung

Cc c tnh:- Trn 1 gi c 6 hoa to ht chc

- Trn trc c hai loi ht. Cc ht gia c dng i xng,cc ht bn hnh thoi, gy hn v c dng xon c bit.

-V thng dy hn.

- Giu enzym hn.- Sn lng ln (6 tn /ha).



34/93


35/93


Cc lp ht i mch

V tru

V quV ht

Lp alrong

Ni nh

Bo v chi

Lp lc

Mng bn thm

Tit enzym v

a.gibberelic

Cht dinh dng

Thnh phn ha hc ht


36/93


Thnh phn ha hc h t

Cc cht

Thnh phn trung bnh ca cc loi ng cc (%)

imch

Lam

La mchen

Ynmch

Ng Go

Cht kh 85 86 85 87 86 86Tinh bt vcchydrocacbon

khc

60 65 63 53 60 70

Hp cht chaNit

10 12,5 11,5 11,7 10 7,7

Hp chtkhng Nit

3,4 2,4 4,9 2,1 6,5 -

Cht bo 2,1 1,7 1,7 5,3 5,0 0,4

Cht tro 2,6 1,9 2,0 3,0 1,0 0,3


37/93


Ht tinh bt i mch

1. i mch 60oC2. Go 86oC3. Ng 75oC4. Sn 70oC5. Khoai ty 65oC

TinhTinh bbtt ii mmchch d ht : 20-30 v 1-6 m; Tinh bt :60-65 % ; Amyloza 17-24 %, 60-600 gc glucoza Amylopectin 76-83 %, 2000 gc glucoza

+I2 : mu xanh


38/93


Cc hp cht hydrocacbon

- Xenluloza: (C5H10O5)n, 20% lng cht kh ca v,

2000 - 10000 gc glucoza 1-4- Hemixenluloza, cht keo: nm thnh t bo.

-D-glucan ( 1-3 v 1-4) v pentozan

- Pentozan- Pectin v lignin- ng v polysaccarit : 5 %

Glucozan 2 % Raffinoza 0,3-0,5%Fructozan 1,8% Maltoza 0,1%Galactoza 0,1% Fructoza 0,1%Saccaroza 1 % Glucoza 0,1%


39/93


- Glucan

-Tan trong nc hay kim to dung dch c nht cao

-Trong thnh tbo lin kt vi cc peptit, khng tan


40/93


Cc hp cht cha nit10-12 %, lp alrong v trong ni nh, bao quanh ht tinh bt

Vai tr : Cht dinh dng cho nm men, to bt, tng snhv tnh bn keo cho bia

Protein chia thnh 4 nhm : (30 axit amin)a- Albumin (Leucosin), 4%, tan trong nc

b- Globulin (Edestin), 31%, tan trong NaCl 10%c- Prolamin (Hordein), 36%, tan trong ru 70 % (60 % l

axit glutamic v prolin)

b- Glutelin, 29%, tan trong NaOH Albumoza v pepton Peptit v polypeptit Cc axit amin

Cc cht khc


41/93


Cc cht khc Lipit : - 2-3 %, alron (2/3), phi (1/3)

- Khng bin i trong qt ny mm- Khng tan trong nc theo b- nh hng bt ca bia

Polyphenol (anthocyanogen, proanthocyanidin) :- v tru , alron

- v ng cht cn loi b Cc vitamin :

- B1, B2, C, E (tocophenol)

Tn tht

- Hp cht v c: - 2-3 %

- P2O5 35% ; SiO2 25 % ; K2O 20 %

Cc enzym thu phn thnh t bo


42/93


Cc enzym thu phn thnh t bo

Sitaza: - Hemixeluloza pentoza +hexoza

- Enzym t ph

- nhuyn ca malt

- iu kin ti u : To =40oC

-1,4glucanaza (exo--glucanaza):- Tc dng ln -1,4

- Khng c trong i mch chn

- Tng hp trong qu trnh ny mm

- iu kin ti u : To =40oC, pH = 4,5

-1,3 glucanaza: Tc dng ln cc lin kt -1,3Pentosanaza: Thy phn pentosan

Cc enzym thu phn tinh bt


43/93


Cc enzym thu phn tinh bt

-amylaza: - Enzym dch ha

- V tr bt k trong phn t tinh bt

- Gim nhanh v mu ca it

- Tng hp trong qu trnh ny mm

- iu kin ti u : To =70-72, pH = 5,6-5,7

-amylaza: - Enzym ng ha

- Trong i mch 2 dng (t do v lin kt)- Trong qu trnh ny mm : 3-5 ln

- iu kin ti u : To =60-65, pH = 4,7-4,8

Dextrinaza gii hn: - Ct st mch nhnh-Tng hp trong qu trnh ny mm

- iu kin ti u : To =55-60, pH = 5,1-5,2

- ct lin kt -1,4 v khng tc dng ln -1,6

Amylaza


44/93


Amylaza

-amylaza -amylaza


45/93


CC ENZYM thy phn proteinProteinaza (endopeptidaza): - Phn ct thnh chui peptit,

- Trong i mch : Alrong v phi

- Trong malt: 3-5 ln

- iu kin ti u : To

=50o

C, pH = 4,6-5,0 Cacboxypeptidaza: - Xc tc tch cc axit amin t cc uchui cha nhm cacboxyl ca cc peptit

- iu kin ti u : To =50-60oC, pH = 5,2

Aminopeptidaza: Xc tc tch cc axit amin t cc u chuicha nit ca cc peptit

- iu kin ti u : To =40-45oC, pH = 7,2

Dipeptidaza: -Thy phn dipeptit

- iu kin ti u : To

=40-45o

C, pH = 7,2

CC ENZYM KHC


46/93


CC ENZYM KHC

Lipoxygenaza: - Phn hu axit linoleic.- iu kin ti u : To =62oC, pH = 6,6-6,7- To tnh n nh v ca bia

Lipaza: - C trong phi v lp alrong- Tng trong qa trnh ny mm, gim trong qa trnh sy

- iu kin ti u : To =35-40oC, pH = 5-6

Phophataza: - Tch lin kt este ca axit phosphoric trong tinh bt- Tng chua, tng lc m cho dch ng

- iu kin ti u : To =70oC, pH = 5,6

Phytaza: - Tch lin kt este ca axit phosphoric vi inositol,- Tng chua, tng lc m cho dch ng

- iu kin ti

u : To

=50-53o

C, pH = 4,5-5,0

iu kin ti u ca cc Enzym c trong i mchT t T t


47/93


Nature pH optimalTemprature

optimaleTempraturede destruction

Oxydases :Lipoxygnase 6,5 40 70

Polyphnol oxydase 60-65 80Hydrolases-Amylase 5,7 70-75 80-Amylase 4,7 60-65 70Dextrinase limite 5,1 55-60 65

Protinase 5,0-5,2 50-60 70

Aminopeptidase 7,2 40-45 55Carboxypeptidase 5,2 50-60 70

Endo -1-3 glucanase 4,7-5,0 40-50 55Exo -glucanase 4,5 40-Glucane solubilase 6,6-7,0 62 73Maltase 6,0 35-40

Lipase 6,8 35-40 60

Phosphatase 4,5-5,0 50-53 70

nh gi cht lng i mch


48/93


nh gi cht lng i mch

Cm quan :

- Mi: Mi thm, rm ti. Mi mcbo qun t

- Mu sc v sng: vng nht, sng ng nht. (xanh, nu )

- V: V g gh, mng, v dy v phng cha chn.

Tp cht: Khng c ht di, ct, si, rm r, bng la, kim loi, ht vht mc hay l.

Ht b v, st m: Cn c loi b.

nh gi cht lng i mch


49/93


g g

Hnh dng v kch thc ht:- Ht cn to, u v trn, ph thuc vo ging

- Khng c ht ny mm

Cn trng:- khng c cn trng (mt) trong khi ht

(ht b mt n to thnh cc l v khi ngm cc ht ny ni ln trn)

- khng b mc (to mi kh chu trong bia)

nh gi cht lng i mch


50/93


g g

nh gi cc ch tiu l hc:

- Dung trng: 65-75 kg/100 lt

-Khi lng 1000 ht : 35-47 g

- Phn loi ht: ry 2,8, 2,5 v 2,2 mm

Loi ho hng : min 95% (trn ry 2,8mm) ;tp cht < 2 % (trn ry 2,2mm)

Loi 1 : min 90% (2,8 mm) ; 2-4 % (2,2mm ) Loi TB : min 85% (2,8 mm) ; 3-4 % (2,2mm)

nh gi cht lng i mch


51/93


g g

nh gi cc ch tiu l hc:

- Nng lc ny mm : >90 % (3 ngy); >95 % (5 ngy)

- Tnh nhy cm i vi nc: Ny mm 100 ht trong 4 v 8 ml H20

Chnh lch s ht : 0 10 20 35 50

ny mm

nhy: Khng Yu Trung bnh Mnh Rt mnh

nh gi ch tiu ho hc


52/93


g

m : 14-15 Protein :10-12%

Cht ho tan (cht chit) : 77-80%

Sngh ca ht

Ht va thu hoch khng c khng c kh nng ny mm

(kh nng t bo v ca ht khng ny mm ngay lp

tc sau khi thu hoch)

khng nn sn xut malt ngay sau thu hoch

Ch II HOA HOUBLON


53/93


Chng II : HOA HOUBLON

2.1. Gii thiu cy houblon2.2. Thnh phnho hc ca hoa houblon

Nc

Cc cht nha

Tinh du thm

Polyphenol

2.3. Ch phm hoa houblon Hoa cnh

Hoa vin Cao hoa


54/93


Gii t h iu c y houblon Humulus Lupulus Cy leo, cao 6-7 m 1000-2000 kg/ha

Cn chm s c k Cy tr ng 15 nm Thu hoch bng tay

Vai tr Hoa houblon


55/93


Vai tr Hoa houblon

V ng di

Hng thm c trng

Tng kh nng to btv g ibt

Tng bn keo

Tnh khng khunHoublon thm : Saaz, Tettnang,Golding, Strisselspalt

Houblon thm & ng: Perle, ChallengrHoublon rt ng : Northrn Brewers,Target, Brewers Gold

Cu to bp hoa houblon


56/93


m : 75 %Mu vng xanh

Ch dng hoa ci

Bp hoa : 3-5 cm

Cnh 40-100 (TB 60)Cung

Trc

Nh hoa

Ht lupulin

Th h h h h h h bl


57/93


Thnh phn ha hc hoa houblon

Nc 10-11%

Cc cht ng 12-21 Xenlluloza 40-50

Cc cht cha nit 15-17

Tinh du 0,5-5

Cc cht tro 5-8

Polyphenol (tanin) 2-5 Cc cht chit khng cha nit 27

Cc cht ng trong hoa houblon


58/93


Cc cht ng (15-21%)(tan trong methanol v trong te)

Cc cht nha mm Cc cht nha cng(tan trong hexhan) (90%) 10% (tan trong te)

-axt ng Nhm cc cht cn li(6-9 %)

-axt ng Cc cht nha mm khc(3-4%) cha xc nh

(5-6%)

Lc ng = -axit ng + ( -axit ng + nha mm)/9

-Axit v -Axit ng


59/93


1 - 5CH2CH3Posthumulon

1 - 10CH2OHCH(CH3)Prehumulon

10 - 15CH(CH3)CH2CH3Adhumulon

20 - 30CH(CH3)2Cohumulon35 - 70CH2CH(CH3)2Humulon

%R- axit

-Postlupulon

1 - 3Prelupulon

5 - 10Adlupulon

20 - 55Colupulon30 - 55Lupulon

%-axit

+ -Axit NG


60/93


+ AxitNG

-AxitNG(trong hoa)

-ISO AxitNG(trong bia)

ho tan thp, vph thuc pH

ho tan cao hn

Tinh du thm


61/93


Tinh du thmHt lupulin, 200 cht bay hi, d`tan trong ru Cc hydrocacbua : chim 75%

-Sesquitecpen (C15)

Nerolidol Humulen Aromadendren Caryophyllen

-Rt dbay hi, cn li rt t trong dch nu hoa

-Mi thm c trng

Tinh du thm 2


62/93


Monotecpen (C10):

Linalol Geranyl pyrophosphat Micxen Tecpinolen

-Tecpinolen Limonen Nerol Geraniol

Tinh du thm 3


63/93


Cc hp cht lu hunh :- CH3SSSCH3, CH3SSSSCH3, CH3SSCH2SCH3, -

- CH3SOCH2,

Cc dn xut oxygen ; cc vng epoxy

Tanin v Polyphenol


64/93


Tanin v Polyphenol

- Gi tr CN :- Kt lng v loi b cc hp cht cha nit

-n n h v tng bn keo

-C v se, oxy ho flobaphen (mu )

-Tanin : Antocyanidin, Leucoantocyanidin, cc flavon v

catechin, cc axit phenolic v polyphenolic

Tanin


65/93


Catechin

Procyanidin C3

Cyanidin

Flavonol Procyanidin B3

Cc c h phm hoa houblon


66/93


Hoa cnh : Sy nh 500C (W 11%), sau p thnh bnh

Hoa vin loi 90.

Hoa vin loi 45 (nng cao).

Hoa vin c ng phn ha (isomeric).

Hoa vin : chim 1/3 th trng, v c nhiu dng:

Cao hoa:

Hoa houblon v in


67/93


Hoa vin 90 :T100 kg hoa thu c 90 kg sn phm

Houblon sy kh (< 50oC, W 7-9 %)nghin (bt 1-5mm) p thnh vin (thc hin iu kin chn khng haykh tr)

Hoa vin 45 (giu -axit) :T100 kg hoa thu c 45 kg sn phmc cha lng -axitln

Houblon Tch ht lupulin to rt thp (-200C) + cnhhoa nghin v ry p v ng gi

Ch tiu ch phm hoa vin


68/93


Hoa vin ng loi vin 45 : Chtiu cm quan.

- Mu xanh l m hi vng.

- Mi thm c trng, v ng du.- Hnh dng: vin n khng v vn. Chtiu ho hc.

- Hm lng axit ng 8%.

Hoa vin thm loi vin 45 : Chtiu cm quan.

- Mu xanh l m hi vng.- Mi thm c trng, v ng du.- Hnh dng: vin n khng v vn.

Chtiu ho hc.

- Hm lng axit ng 6%.

Houblon c ng phn


69/93


g p

Cc alpha axit c ng phn thnh iso-alpha axittrong qu trnh ch bin.

a vo nu hoa hoc

trong giai on hon thin

Cc loi ch phm hoa houblon


70/93


Hoa vin


71/93


Hoa vin

Vin hinh tr 10-15 x 6mm


72/93


Cao hoa


73/93


- Cao hoa hu c

Dung mi hu c (hexan, metanol, metylen

clorua, tricloetylen, etanol) trch ly cc nhang v tinh du thm ca hoa houblon, sau

lm bay hi dung mi- Cao hoa chit bng CO2 :

cha 95-99 % -axit ng, nhiu tinh du thmhn cc loi cao hoa khc

Cao hoa


74/93


Cc ch phm cao hoa = Kettle

Extract.

c csn phm vi hm

lng -axit t 30 n 50% (c th

cao hn).

Ch tiu ch phm cao hoa


75/93


Chtiu cm quan:

- Dng keo mu vng h phch.- Mi thm c bit, d bay hi, d nhn mi.

- V ng r r t.

Chtiu ho hc:- Hm lng axit ng 30%.

- Tan ht v c th to kt ta lng nhanh khiun si vi nc hoa thm r r t, v ng du.

Nguyn liu thay th - go


76/93


g y y g

nh gi cht lng ca go cn phi:

Kim tra bng mt:

- Tm hay bt go mu trng

- Mi ca tm hay bt, khng i kht

Chtiu ho hc:

- m: < 13%- Hiu sut ho tan: 80-85%

- Hm lng cht bo: 0,5 - 0,7%

Nc trong CNSX malt-Bia


77/93


1. Thnh phn nc

2. cng ca nc3. nh hng cc ion trong nc

4. Cc phng php x l nc

Thnh phn nc


78/93


pNc chim 80-90 % trong biaCn kho st ngun nc trc khi xy dng nhmy bia

Nc ngm:-Cn kh : 200-2000 mg/l (TB 500 mg/l)- Silic : 15-30 mg/l

- Fe : 25-30 mg/l- NO3 : 20-100 mg/l

Nc dng sx bia:

-Ungc Mg+2

:


79/93


Phn ng vi cc cht c trong malt :

2KH2PO

4+ Ca(HCO

3)

2 CaHPO

4+ K

2HPO

4+ 2H

2O + 2CO

2Bc 1 Bc 2 Bc 2khng tan Tan

4KH2PO4 + 3Ca(HCO3)2 Ca3(PO4)2+2K2HPO4 +6H2O+ 6CO2

Bc 3 Bc 2

2KH2PO4 + Mg(HCO3)2 MgHPO4 + K2HPO4 +2H2O + 2CO2. 4KH2PO4 + 3Mg(HCO3)2Mg3(PO4)2+2K2HPO4+6H2O+ 6CO2

4K2HPO4 + 3CaSO4 Ca3(PO4)2+2KH2PO4 +3K2SO4

nh hng Ca+2 ti cht lng bia


80/93


Ca+2 :


81/93


u im

Mg+2 :


82/93


Fe+2, Fe+3


83/93


HCO3-


84/93

8/27/2009 i hc Bch khoa H ni 84Giu

Bicacbon

88,3

2

9

151

1875

284

Munich

8,323290,9c ts


85/93


Nc nu v ng ha : nc mm

Nc lmlnh : Mm - tng i cng

Nc ra b : m bo v sinh an ton thc phm,

ung c

Nc l hi : Nc mm

X l nc dng trong sx bia


86/93


Ph thuc vo mc sch, cn qua 4 giai on sau:

Loi cc cht dng huyn ph

Loi cc cht ho tan

Dit vi sinh vt

Lm mm nc



87/93


1. Loi b cn : Lc (bng cc ht 0,8-1,2 mm)

10-20 m3 H2O/m2, chiu cao 2 m

2. Loi b cht ho tan :

loi b Fe v Mn bng sc O2

2Fe(HCO3)2 + 1/2 O2 + H2O = 2Fe(OH)3 + 4CO2

2FeS2 + 3O2 + 6H2O = 4Fe(OH)3 + 8S

2MnCl2 + O2 + 4 H2O = 2MnO(OH)2 + 4HCl

Nn kh oxy



88/93


3. Loi b vi sinh vt ;

Lc tit trng

Tia UV

Ho cht ;


89/93


4. Kh cng nc :

Trung ha bng axit:Ca(HCO3)2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CH3CHOHCOOH (CH3CHOHCOO)2Ca + H2O + CO2

un nng

Ca(HCO3

)2

CaCO3

+ H2

O + CO2

S lm mm nc

1 Th ti i


90/93


H2O cn x l

1 1

4 6

5

2

3

1. Thng cationic2. Thng cha nc

mm

3. Bm ly tm

4. Thng cha nc

ra

5. Thng cha dung

dch ho tan mui.

6. Thng ch bin

dung dch mui

Tiu th nc trong sx malt v bia

L

ti th


91/93


8,5 10 m3/1 tn malt3 4 hl/1 hl dch ng

2 hl/ 1 hl bia

2 hl/ 1 hl bia

3 3,5 hl/ 1 hl bia10 15 hl/ 1 hl bia1 - 2 hl/ 1 hl bia

1. B phn nu2. B phn lm ngui dch ng

3. B phn ln men chnh

4. B phn ln men ph

5. B phn ra chai v ng chai6. B phn lnh8- B phn ni hi

L ng tiu thCng on sn xut

4-10 hl H2O cho 1 hl bia (TB 6 hl /hl bia)

Lng nc s dng trong sx bia trong(nh my hin i )


92/93


0,051,600,400,10

0,200,300,201,00

0,100,30

X l ncSn xut v x l dch ngV sinh TBLn men

V sinh TB v ra ng dnLc v v sinh TB lc biaRa ti ch (lc v tank bia lc) Chit chai (70%) + ra Thanh trng Pasteur Chuyn thng (30%) +ra

Lng tiu th(hl)

Cng on

Lng nc s dng trong sx bia trong(nh my hin i )

Lng tiu th (hl)Cng on


93/93


6,3Tng lng tiu th

0,500,10

0,100,300,300,10

1,00

Thu hi kh CO2 Hi nc vi thu hi ht cht ng cn

My nn lm lnh Bay hi, ngng t Kh nn Thng gi

Ra chung

Lng tiu th (hl)Cng on

Documents

cong_nghe_SX_malt_va_bia