Dai Cuong Kim Loai

5/26/2018 Dai Cuong Kim Loai

1/80

Lp 12 ban c bn


2/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 1: Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in ttnht trong tt c c kim loi

a. vngb. bcc. ngd. nhm


3/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 2: Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt ccc kim loi

a. bcb. vngc. nhmd. ng


4/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 3: Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nhttrong tt c cc kim loi

a. vonframb. stc. nhm

d. crom


5/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 4: Kim loi no sau y mm nht trong ttc cc kim loi

a. litib. sexi

c. natrid. kali


6/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 5: Kim loi no sau y c nhit nngchy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi

a. vonframb. stc. nhm

d. crom


7/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 6: Kim loi no sau y nh nht trong tt ccc kim loi

a. litib. sexic. natrid. kali


8/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 7: Tng s ht prroton, ntron, electron trongnguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 155 ht. S ht

mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l33. Nguyn t l

a. bcb. ngc. chd. st


9/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 8: Mt nguyn t c tng s ht proton,ntron, electron l 40. l nguyn t canguyn t noa. canxib. bari

c. nhmd. st


10/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 9: Dy kim loi tc dng c vi H2O nhit thng l

a. Fe, Zn, Li, Snb. Cu, Pb, Rb, Agc. K, Na, Ca, Bad. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr


11/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 10: Chn cu tr li nga. v cc kim loi trng thi rn nn u c nh kim

b. v trng thi rn nn cc kim loi c nhit nng chay, nhit si cao

c. cc kim loi u c ion dng trong mng tinh thnn u dn nhit v dn in tt

d. cc kim loi khc nhau c nht si, nhit nng chy khc nhau


12/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 11: Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca kim loi l

a. d cho electron, th hin tnh khb. d cho electron, th hin tnh oxi hoc. d nhn electron, th hin tnh khd. d nhn electron, th hin tnh oxi ho


13/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 12: Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l

a. th hin tnh oxi ho

b. d b oxi hoc. d b khd. d nhn lectron


14/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 14: Vonfram (W) c dng lm dy tcbng n. Nguyn nhn chnh l do

a. W l kim loi rt dob. W c kh nng dn in rt ttc. c kh nng phn x nh sngd. W c nhit nng chy cao


15/80

I CNG V KIM LOICu 15: Hu ht kim loi u c anh kim l doa. kim loi hp th c cc tia sng ti

b. cc kim loi u th rnc. cc electron t do trong kim loi c thphn x nh sng trng thy c

d. kim loi mu trng bc nn giu c cc

tia sng trn b mt kim loi


16/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 16: Cho cc kim loi Cu, Al, Fe, Au, Ag. Dygm cc kim loi c sp xp theo chiu tng

dn tnh dn in ca kim loi la. Fe < Au < Al < Cu < Ag *b. Fe < Al < Au < Cu < Agc. Fe < Al < Cu < Ag < Aud. Al < Fe < Au < ag < Cu


17/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 17: Cho phng trnh ho hc sauFe + CuSO

4

Cu + FeSO4

Phng trnh no di dy biu th s oxi hocho phn ng ho hc trna. Fe2++ 2e Fe.

b. Fe Fe2+

+ 2ec. Cu2+ + 2e Cud. Cu Cu2+ + 2e


18/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 18: Dung dch X cha hn hp cc muiNaCl, CuCl2, FeCl3v ZnCl2. Kim loi u tin

that ra catt khi in phn dung dch X la. Nab. Cuc. Fe

d. Zn


19/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 19: S bin i tnh kim loi ca cc nguynt trong dy Cu, Fe, Ca, Ba l

a. tngb. gimc. khng id. khng c qui lut


20/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 20: dn in ca kim loi ph thuc vocc yu t no sau y

a. bn cht kim loib. cu trc tinh thc. nhit mi trngd. c a, b, c u ng


21/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 21: Ngm mt l st trong 100 ml dung dchCuCl21M, gi thit ng to ra bm ht vo inhst. Sau khi phn ng xong ly inh st ra, sykh, khi lng inh st tng thm

a. 15,5 g

b. 0,8 gc. 2,7 gd. 2,4 g


22/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 22: Cho 4,8 gam kim loi R ho tr II tanhon ton trong dung dch HNO3long thu c

1,12 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Kim loi R la. Znb. Mgc. Fed. Cu


23/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 23: Cho 3,2 gam Cu tc dng vi dung dch

HNO3dc, d th th tch kh NO2(ktc) thu c la. 1,12 ltb. 2,24 ltc. 3,36 lt

d. 4,48 lt


24/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 24: kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO vZnO thnh kim loi cn 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc). Nu

em hn hp kim loi thu c cho tc dng htvi dung dch HCl th th tch kh H2thu c la. 4,48 ltb. 1,12 lt

c. 3,36 ltd. 2,24 lt


25/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 25: Cho 6,72 lt kh H2(ktc) i qua ngng 32 gam CuO nung nng thu c cht

rn A. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M tcdng ht vi A la. 0,2 ltb. 0,1 lt

c. 0,3 ltd. 0,01 lt


26/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 26: Cht c th oxi ha Fe thnh Fe3+la. Dung dch HCl

b. Dung dch H2SO4longc. Dung dch CuSO4d. Dung dch HNO3


27/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 27: Tnh cht vt l no di y ca kimloi khng phi do cc electron t do gy ra?

a. nh kimc. Tnh dob. Tnh cng

d. Tnh dn in v nhit


28/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 28: loi tp cht Cu ln trong Ag, ngi tangm hn hp ny trong:

a. dung dch HCl db. dung dch Cu(NO3)2dc. dung dch AgNO3d. dung dch HNO

3


29/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 29: Thu ngn bay hi v rt c. Nu chngmay nhit k thu ngn b v th c th dng chtno kh c thu ngn

a. bt stb. bt lu hunh

c. bt thand. nc


30/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 30: Nhng mt l st nh vo dung dch chamt trong nhng cht sau : FeCl3, AlCl3, CuSO4,

Pb(NO3)2,NaCl, HCl, HNO3, H2SO4( c, nng),NH4NO3. S trng hp phn ng to ra mui st (II)l

a. 3b. 4c. 5d. 6


31/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 31: Mt kim loi ng thau c cha 59,63% Cuv 40,37%Zn. Hp kim ny c cu to tinh th ca

hp cht ho hc gia ng v km . Cng thcho hc ca hp cht la. Cu3Zn2b. Cu

2

Zn3

c. Cu2Znd. CuZn2


32/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 32: Trong hp kim Al Mg, c 9 mol Al th c1mol Mg. Thnh phn trm khi lng ca hp kim l

a. 80% Al v 20%Mgb. 81% Al v 19% Mgc. 91% Al v 9% Mgd. 83% Al v 17% Mg


33/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 33: Nung mt mu gn c khi lng 10 gamtrong kh O2d thy sinh ra 0,0448 lt CO2(ktc).

Thnh phn trm khi lng cacbon trong mugang la. 4,8%b. 2,2 %

c. 2,4%d. 3,6%


34/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 34: Khi ho tan 7,7 gam hp kim gm natriv kali vo nc thy thot ra 3,36 lt H

2(ktc).

Thnh phn trm khi lng cc kim loi tronghp kim l

a. 25,33%K v 74,67%Na

b. 26,33%K v 73,67%Nac. 27,33%K v 72,67%Nad. 28,33%K v 14,67%Na


35/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 35: S n mn kim loi khng phi la. s kh kim loi

b. s oxi ho kim loic. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc

dng ca cc cht trong mi trngd. s bin n cht thnh hp cht


36/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 36: inh st n mn nhanh nht trong trnghp no sau y

a. ngm trong dung dch HClb. ngm trong dung dch HgSO4c. ngm trong dung dch H2SO4long

d. ngm trong dung dch H2SO4long c nhthm vi git CuSO4


37/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 37: St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic bxc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l

a. thicb. stc. c hai u b n mn nh nhaud. khng kim loi no b n mn


38/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 38: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi ta phi lmv sinh b mt kim loi ca cc thit b my

mc, dng c lao ng. Vic lm ny nhm mcch ga. kim loi sng bng p mtb. khng gy nhim mi trng

c. khng lm bn qun o khi lao ngd. kim loi b n mn


39/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 39: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn tc khung kim loi. Sau mt thi gian, ngi tathy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no di yc kh nng gy ra hin tng trn

a. ancol etylic

b. dy nhmc. du hod. axit clohiric


40/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 40: S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim dokim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi

ho trong mi trng c gi la. s kh kim loib. s tc dng ca kim loi vi ncc. s n mn ho hcd. s n mn in ho hc


41/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 41: Km tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4long, thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4.

Hin tng bn cht la. n mn kim loib. n mn in hoc. hiro thot ra mnh hnd. mu xanh bin mt


42/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 42: Trng hp no sau y l n mn in hoa. thp trong khng kh m

b. km trong dung dch H2SO4 longc. km b ph hu trong kh clod. natri chy trong khng kh


43/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 43: Hin tng hp kim dn in v dn nhitkm hn kim loi nguyn cht v lin kt ho hc

trong hp kim la. lin kt kim loib. lin kt ionc. lin kt cng ho tr lm gim mt electron

t dod. lin kt hn tp gm lin kt kim loi v lin kt

cng ho tr


44/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 44: Ct st Newdehli, n c tui trn1500 nm. Ct st bn l do

a. ch to bi mt hp kim bn ca stb. ch to bi st tinh khitc. c bao ph bi mt lp oxit bn vngd. n c kh hu c bit


45/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 45: chng n mn cho chn ct thu libng thp chn di t, ngi ta dng phng

php bo v in ho. Trong thc t, c thdng in cc no sau y lm in cc hi sinha. Nab. Zn

c. Snd. Cu


46/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 46: Nhng ng thi hai thanh Zn v Cu vodung dch H2SO40,1M sao cho chng khng

tip xc nhau. Hin tng no sau y ng vy nhta. bt kh thot ra trn thanh km, km tan dnb. bt kh thot ra trn thanh ng

c. dung dch chuyn sang mu xanhd. c b v c


47/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 47: iu ch kim loi ta da vo nguyntc no sau y

a. in phn dung dch mui cloruab. dng CO, H2 kh cc oxit kim loic. dng kim loi hot ng mnh hn y kim

loi km hot ng ra khi dung dch d. dng dng in hoc cht kh mnh

kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi


48/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 48: nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loia. thc hin qu trnh cho nhn proton

b. thc hin qu trnh kh cc kim loic. thc hin qu trnh kh cc ion kim loid. thc hin qu trnh oxi ho cc ion kim loi


49/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 49: Phng php thu luyn c dng iu ch kim loi no di y

a. kim loi c tnh kh yu nh Ag, Cub. iu ch cc kim loi kimc. iu ch cc kim loi kim thd. khng phi a, b, c


50/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 50: Phng php nhit luyn dng iuch kim loi no di y

a. kim loi kimb. kim loi phn nhm chnh nhm IIc. kim loi m oxit ca chng km bnd. kim loi sau H trong dy in ho


51/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 51: Natri v canxi c sn xut trong cngnghip bng

a. phng php thu luynb. phng php nhit luync. phng php nhit phnd. in phn hp cht nng chy


52/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 52: Pht biu no sau y khng ng vbn cht qu trnh ho hc in cc trong

qu trnh in phna. anion nhng electron anotb. cation nhn electron catotc. s oxi ha xy ra catotd. s oxi ho xy ra anot


53/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 53: Khi in phn c mng ngn mui n bo hotrong nc th xy ra hin tng no trong s cc

hin tng di ya. kh oxi thot ra catot v kh clo thoat ra anotb. kh hiro thot ra catot v kh clo thot ra anotc. kim loi natri thot ra catot v kh clo thot ra

anotd. nc giaven c to thnh trong bnh in phn


54/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 54: Kim loi Ni phn ng c vi tt cmui trong dung dch dy no sau y

a. NaCl, AlCl3, ZnCl2b. MgSO4, CuSO4, AgNO3c. Pb(NO3)2,AgNO3, NaCld. AgNO3, CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2


55/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 55: Cho ba kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo bn dung dchmui ring bit l ZnSO4, AgNO3, CuCl2, MgSO4. Kim

loi no tc dng c vi bn mui choa. Alb. Fec. Cu

d. khng kim loi no tc dng


56/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 56: in phn 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M ( d =1,1 g/cm3) vi in cc tr. Khi catot thot ra

2,24 lt kh (ktc) th ngng in phn. Bit rngnc bay hi khng ng k. Dung dch sau khiin phn c nng phn trm l

a. 10,27%b. 10,18%c. 10,9%d. 38,09%


57/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 57: cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3thuc dung dch X. Cho st d tc dng vi dung

dch X c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y chaa. Fe(NO3)2b. Fe(NO3)3c. Fe(NO3)2v Cu(NO3)2

d. Fe(NO3)3v Cu(NO3)2


58/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 58: Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dngvi dung dch H2SO4long to ra 6,84 gam

mui sunfat. Kim loi la. Mgb. Fec. Ald. Zn


59/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 59: Cho 2,06 gam hn hp gm Fe, Al, Cu tcdng vi dung dch HNO3long, d thu c

0,896 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Khi lng muinitrat sinh ra la. 9,5 gamb. 7,44 gam

c. 7,02 gamd. 4,54 gam


60/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 60: Cho Fe vi Zn tc dng vi dung dchhn hp cha 0,01 mol HCl v 0,05 mol H2SO4.

Sau phn ng thu c cht rn X, dung dch Yv kh Z . Cho kh Z i qua CuO d, un nng thuc m gam Cu. Gi tr m l

a. 5,32 gam

b. 3,52 gamc. 2,35 gamd. 2,53 gam


61/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 61: Ho tan 6 gam hp kim Cu, Fe, Altrong axit HCl d thy thot ra 3,024 lt H2

(ktc) v 1,86 gam cht rn khng tan. Thnhphn trm ca hp kim la. 40%Fe, 28%Al, 32%Cub. 41%Fe, 29%Al, 30%Cu

c. 42%Fe, 27%Al, 32%Cud. 41%Fe, 29%Al, 30%Cu


62/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 62: Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gmCuO, Al2O3v MgO( nung nng). Khi phn ng

xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn gma. Cu, Al, Mgb. Cu, Al, MgOc. Cu, Al2O3, Mg

d. Cu, Al2O3, MgO


63/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 63: Ho tan hon ton 28 gam Fe vo dungdch AgNO3d th khi lng cht rn thu c l

a. 108 gamb. 162 gamc. 216 gamd. 154 gam


64/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 64: in phn 400ml dung dch CuSO40,2Mvi cng dng in 10A trong mt thi gianthu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc) anot. Bit in cc dng l in cc tr v hiu sut in phn l100%. Khi lng catot tng l

a. 1,28 gam

b. 0,32 gamc. 0,64 gamd. 3,2 gam


65/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 65: Nhng kim loi no sau y c th iuch t oxit bng phng php nhit luyn nh

cht kh COa. Fe, Al, Cub. Zn, Mg, Fec. Fe, Mn, Ni

d. Ni, Cu, Ca


66/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 66: Hy chn p n ng nhta. hp kim l hn hp nhiu kim loi

b. hp kim l cht rn thu c sau khi nungnng chy hn hp nhiu kim loi khc nhauhoc hn hp kim loi vi phi kim

c. tinh th ca hp kim l tinh th thu c khi

nung nng chy hn hp nhiu kim loid. hp kim l cht rn thu c khi nung nngchy kim loi vi phi kim


67/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 67: Khi in phn dung dch AgNO3trong10` thu c 1,08 gam bc cc m. Cng

dng in s dng trong qu trnh inphn l

a. 1,61Ab. 9,65Ac. 16,1Ad. 96,5A


68/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 68: Ho tan 0,9 gam kim loi X vo dungdch HNO3thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O duy nht

(ktc). Kim loi M la. Mgb. Alc. Cud. Zn


69/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 69: Phng php nhit luyn c s dngrng ri trong cng nghip iu ch nhng

kim loi no sau ya. kim loi in hnh nh Na, K, Ca...b. kim loi mnh nh Mg, Al...c. kim loi trung bnh yu Fe, Cu...d. c th dng phng php nhit luyn iuch mi kim loi


70/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 70: Dng n cht kim loi c tnh kh mnhhn kh ion cc kim loi khc trong dung

dch mui th phng php gi la. phng php thu luynb. phng php thu phnc. phng php nhit luynd. phng php in luyn


71/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 71: ho tan ht 0,58 gam Mg(OH)2cnbao nhiu ml dung dch axit HCl 1M

a. 40 mlb. 20mlc. 15 mld. 10 ml


72/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 72: Cp cht no sau y xy ra phn nga. dung dch NaOH v Al

b. dung dch NaCl v Agc. dung dch FeSO4v Cud. dung dch CuSO4v Ag


73/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 73: Trong dy in ho K ng u tin ,t c th kt lun

a. K d b oxi ho nhtb. K+kh b kh nhtc. K+d b kh nhtd. a v b u ng


74/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 74: m vng ln hun chng, ngi tadng cch no sau y

a. nu chy vng v nhng hun chng vovng nng chyb. m in vi cc dng l vng, cc m l

hun chng

c. dt mng vng, dng ko dn ln cc tmhun chngd. trn bt vng vi cht kt dnh ri ph ln

cc tm hun chng


75/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 75: Cho 3,45 gam kim loi c ho tr I tcdng vi nc sinh ra 1,68 lt H2(ktc). Kim loi

la. Lib. Na.c. Kd. Rb


76/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 76: Khi nhit tng, dn in cacc kim loi thay i theo chiu

a. tngb. gimc. khng id. va tng va gim


77/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 77: Nhng tnh cht vt l no ca kim loiquan trng trong ngnh cng nghip nng

lnga. khi lng rin, tnh do, tnh dn inb. nh kim, tnh cng, nhit nng chy, nhit

si

c. tnh cng, tnh do, dn nhitd. nh kim, tnh do,tnh dn in v dn nhit


78/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 78: Cl2v HCl tc dng vi kim loi nosau y to ra cng mt loi hp cht

a. Feb. Cuc. Nid. Zn


79/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 79: Dung dch no c kh nng oxi ho yunht trong s cc dung dch 1M sau y

a. Ag+

b. Cu2+c. H+d. Zn2+


80/80

I CNG V KIM LOI

Cu 80: Khi in phn ht 300 ml dungdch FeSO4 in cc dng thu c

1,344 lt kh oxi (ktc). Nng dung dchban u l

a. 0,8Mb. 1,6Mc. 1,8Md. 2,4M

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Dai Cuong Kim Loai