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DN LUN NGN NGCc Nhm T V Lp TI.Tngm(Homonym):Cctcquanh ngmlnhngtcvmthanhthgingnhaunhngnghahontonkhcnhau.Ngnngnocngchintngngm.HintngngmtrongTingVitphbinhnccngnngChuuvcct,hnhtit,mtittrongTingVitthngtrngnhau.Cc kiu loi ca t ng m (cp t, cp cm t, cp cu): a, Hintngngmt:ngmngtLnhngtcvvitgingnhau.Vd: Fine:tt,p Party:tic Lng:ngalng Fine:tinpht Party:ng,phi Lng:lngchimngmkhngngtLnhngtcphtmgingnhaunhngchvitvcnghahontonkhcnhau.Vd: Write(vit)-right(ng) Hear(nghe)-here(y) Eight(s8)-ate(n) Dear(thn)- deer(connai) Hi(cho)-high(cao) Be(l)-bee(conong) Ant(conkin)-aunt(c,d) Know(bit)-no(khng)ngtkhngngmLnhngtcktvitgingnhaunhngphtm khcnha.V d: Product (n) sn phm Product (v) sn xut Tear (v) x, bt (n) nc mt

b, Hin tng ng m cp d cm t (cu): Hin tng ny rt him khi xy ra, chng ch mang tnh ngu nhin:imuang(imuangn)imuang(ivngvo,harartxa)TingvitThesunsraysmeet/Thesonsraisemeet(rays:tia-raise:giln)Tinganh2. Trong Ting vit: a, T ng m vi t: (4 loi)Cctngmucngmttloi:+Gng1(gt):gnh,gnggnhvtgGng2(gt):dnsclmcho ccbpthtniln,lngng+Gng1(dt):vtdng tonhcaccvt,soigng,gngmuchongikhc noitheo,gngcu,gngli,...Gng2(dt):bmtlun chuynngtrongqutrnh khaithcm:gngl.Gng3(dt):gngsen1:hoahnhphuchaccqu cacysen,gngsen2:vi sen+Lchchch1(tt):thpb: ngilchchchnhngrtdaisc;Lchchch2(tt):mphng tingngnhnhting ncv.ngmtvngLccttrongnhmngmvinhaunhngkhcnhauv tloi:+m1(dt):mtloidngcbtc;2(gt):btcbng m:imc,mngntre;m2(gt);nysinhrattrongcththcvt:m hoakttri,mt;m3 (gt):chothcnvovt ng:mxiraa;m4 (gt):kh,nh:mnto.+Thit1(tt):tht:thitth, giithit;thit2(tt):trivi hn,li:tnhtonthithn, chuphnthitvmnh,thithn,thithi,thith,thitmng,thitth;thit3;li: khuthitvbng,tiuthit.ngmtvng-ngphpLnhngtthunVitngm vimttvaymntting ncngoi.

Vd:

Thunvit-St(gimst)-Ca(ngungnccquai)-CancTvaymn-St(bng)-Ca(trnghp):cacpcuCam(vaymntcas(ting Php)ngmvitvaymnT,trongqutrnhphttrin ngha,cthtchrathnhmttngmvimtnghatchbit no.lstontrong sphttrinnghacat.

Vd:+Bc1:kimloimutrngsng,mm,khg;Bc2:cmutrng,nhkim(mmybc,...)+ng1:1loikimloing2:tint:mttrmngn ng.Tngmdo tchnghaca tanghab, T ng m vi m tit: Cc n v tham gia vo nhm ng m khc nhau v cp v kch thc ng m ca chng khng qu mt ting.II.Tngngha (Symnonym):Lnhngtgnnhauvngha(tngtnhauvngha) nhngkhcnhauvmthanhvphnbit(khcnhau)vi nhauvmtviscthingnghavscthiphongcch.Cc kiu t ng ngha trong Ting VitTVitthunnghavitthunVit:lkiungnghagiaccthotngtdo;trongmt lotngnghakhngchccctmccnhngnvtngngvit.+n:xi,mi,hc,tng,ngn,chn,nhchn,...+B:nh,b,nhb,bbng,nhonh,nhnh,nhnhen,nhnhn,nhnht,nhnhoi,...THn VitngnghavitHnVit:chcvaitrtonnnhngnvtvnglnhnt.Vd:Bngvhu:ucnghalbn,nhngbngthamgiacutoccng:bnghu,bngmn,bngliu;cnhuththamgiacutoccng:hungh,hui,huthin,husinh,hubang,...TthunVitngnghavitHnVit:lkiutphbintrongTingVit.NhngHnVittnydunhpnyvoVitNamtheoconngschvvngaycnhngkhinimtrongTing VitcnhngvncvaymnttingHn.VvynncctHnVithotnghnch cntthunVitngnghavinthhotngtdo.III.Ttri ngha: (Antonym)Khinim*Lnhngtilpvinhauvngha,biuthcckhinim tngphnvlogic,nhngcquanhtnglinvinhau.*Ttringhabaogicngbiuthccmtilpvngha cacckhinimtng,gnlinviphmvisvt.Chng nmtheotuynsongsongvinhau.*Trongccngnngbinhnh,nhngtccutobng pht,toranhngtcnghailpnhau,lnhngttringhagc.a,Ccttringhacthbiuthnhngkhinimtngphn,phnnhtnhcasvt,hintng,conngi.Bsu:su/nngBrng:rng/hpScmnh:mnh/yuTrnglng:nng/nhb,Haikiuilpcattringha:ilpvmc,ilploitr.ilpvmc:cstngphntrongthuctnh,phmchtcasvt, hintng:ln/b,to/nh,rng/hp,...ilploitr:sng/cht,mua/bn,vo/ra,..Phn loiIV. T c v t lch s:Khinim:lnhngtbyluikhihthngt vnghintibitrong qutrnhphttrinctngnghavin thaythn.Vd:quanli,thith,..TcKhinim:lnhngt csdngtrongmtgiaionkchsnonhungvsaubyli khihthngtvng hinti.Vd:mytnhbng, hiungnhknh,tinhc,...TlchsV. Thut ng:*Khinim:lnhngtchcckhinim,ccitngthuc1lnhvckhoahcchuyn mnno.Mimtkhoahc,mimtngnhringucmththngthutngring can.

*cim:+Tnhchnhxcvchunmcvnidung,khinimdotbiuth.+Tnhhthng:mimtngnhkhoahcucmththngthutngringcan,biu thcckhinimcangnhkhoahc.Mithutnguchimmtvtrnhtnhtronghthngkhinim.+Tnhquct:thutnglbphntvngcbitbiuhinnhngkhinimkhoahc chungchonhngnginicctingkhcnhaunncsthngnhtvmtnidung,khi nim.+Thutngkhcvidanhphpkhoahccatngngnh.

*Vd:Danhschccngvt rng tronghngvtVitNamnh:voi,h,gu,tgic,vn,kh,hu,nai,..LdanhphpVitNam,khngphithutng.