Danh Gia Cac Mo Hinh San Xuat Va Sinh Ke

7/21/2019 Danh Gia Cac Mo Hinh San Xuat Va Sinh Ke

1/107

Trung tm Hc liu H Cn Th Ti liu hc tp v nghin cu

BGIO D#C V %O T&O

TR!NG $%I H(C C*N TH"

-oOo-

V $+NG K

$NH GI CC M HNH S-N XU/T V SINH K1NNG H3VNG CHUY4N $6I HUY7N H8NG DN,

T9NH B%C LIU

LU;N V+N TH%C Sn ThA 2009


2/107


BGIO D#C V %O T&O

TR!NG $%I H(C C*N TH"

-oOo-

V $+NG K

$NH CC M HNH S-N XU/T V SINH K1NNGH3VNG CHUY4N $6I HUY7N H8NG DN,

T9NH B%C LIU

LU;N V+N TH%C Sn ThA- 2009


3/107


i

CH/P NH;N LU;N V+N TH%C S


4/107


ii

L!I CAM $OAN

Ti xin cam ;oan ;y l cng trnh nghin cYu cZa b]n thn. Cc s^liLu, k_t qu]trnh by

trong lu4n v5n l trung thKc v ch(a t`ng ;(Mc c nhn hay tachYc no cng b^trong bPt

kUlu4n v5n no tr(,c ;y.

CSn Th*, ngy 23 thng 10 n5m 2009

Tc gi]

V $Wng K


5/107


iii

L!I C-M T%

Tc gi]xin chn thnh c]m *n!

- Ts. NguyRn Duy CSn ; t4n tm h(,ng d.n tc gi] trong su^t th)i gian nghin cYu v

vi_t bo co lu4n v5n t^t nghiLp.

- Qu thSy, c gi]ng d7y l,p cao h2c pht tribn nng thn kha 13, cc anh chWV5n Phng,

th(viLn cZa ViLn Nghin cYu Pht tribn %BSCL, Tr()ng %7i h2c CSn Th*; h(,ng d.n,

gip ;cv t7o m2i ;i


6/107


iv

TM LXC

%nh gi hiLn tr7ng, cc kh kh5n trfng7i, cc y_u t^]nh h(fng ;_n tnh b


7/107


v

ABSTRACT

Assessment of current status, the obstacles, the factors affecting sustainability, and policy factorson the transition structure of the model of agricultural production in the change in Hong Dandistrict from the proposed technical solutions and policies to contribute to the sustainable

development of the region, the project account "Evaluation of models of production and livelihoodhouseholds convert the Hong Dan district, Bac Lieu province, have been made and select theconverted production structure of the Hong Dan district to study. Subject information collected byPRA and interviews directly over 300 survey, in addition to subjects still use the "sustainablelivelihoods framework, SWOT method to analyze the factors affecting agricultural households,from which the basis for research.Through surveys, data collection and data analysis to investigate change in the area of Hong Dandistrict that has three main farming system is extensive specialized shrimp, rice-shrimp, combineshrimp (crab / fish) . The analysis of socio-economic indicators of farming systems that: Thesystem of rice-shrimp farming has the highest stability, with abundant land fund is 14,760 ha, the

production value and income average 28 million per year per household and less fluctuation, butlow diversity. Consumption level average of 20 million per year per household, not to accumulate

large fluctuations are 6-8 million VND per household. Farming systems specialist shrimp andshrimp combination was similar to factors such as a little devil from 570-820 hectares of land,production value of high-income average 35 million per year per household, but fluctuation verystrong, low diversity. Consumption level average 30 million VND per household per year,accumulated large fluctuations from 20-10 million per year per household. Water surface tend toorganic pollution, especially the concentration of population and production specialists shrimp.Environmental land conversion is complicated, rapidly increasing trend of salinity levels on thefloor cultivation. People tend to lack of capital reinvestment in manufacturing and in the bank debtincreased. In agricultural households also bear much bad work from natural disasters, epidemics inshrimp and rice.On the positive solution in less limit the sustainability of existing farming systems, whileovercoming the negative impact on the level of sustainable economic and social environment

through the gradual improving farming systems with the aim of improving production efficiency,diversification, stability, and reduced the chemical distribution of income arising on farmingsystems, to combine three fundamental solution as layout specific farming systems, buildinginfrastructure, environmental protection, with 6 solutions support (capital, raw materials,

production technology, and management policies, organized markets, training human resources).These solutions should be implemented as a whole is a prerequisite elements of sustainability.


8/107


vi

MYC LYC Trang

Trang ba ............................................................................................................................................i

Trang phg ba.....................................................................................................................................ii

ChPp nh4n lu4n v5n...........................................................................................................................iii

L)i cam ;oan.....................................................................................................................................iv

C]m t7.................................................................................................................................................v

Tm l(Mc..........................................................................................................................................vi

Abstract............................................................................................................................................vii

Mgc lgc...........................................................................................................................................viii

Danh sch chnvi_t tqt.....................................................................................................................xiii

Danh sch b]ng...............................................................................................................................xiv

Danh sch hnh................................................................................................................................xvi

ChLAng 1 MZ$*U.........................................................................................................................1

1.1%Tt vPn ;


9/107


vii

3.2.1 Thu th4p s^liLu thYcPp:.........................................................................................................11

3.2.2 S^liLu s*cPp ..........................................................................................................................12

3.2.3 %nh gi nng thn c sKtham gia PRA............................................................................... 12

3.2.4 Ph(*ng php phn tch SWOT................................................................................................13

3.3 Ph(*ng php phn tch .............................................................................................................13

3.3.1 Phn tch sinh k_nng hN.......................................................................................................13

3.3.2 %nh gi tc ;Nng cZa viLc chuybn ;ai m hnh s]n xuPt ;_n thu nh4p cZa nng dn

..........................................................................................................................................................15

3.4 Ph7m vi v gi,i h7n nghin cYu................................................................................................ 16

3.4.1 %^i t(Mng nghin cYu ............................................................................................................ 16

3.4.2 Ph7m vi nghin cYu ................................................................................................................16

3.5 Ti_n trnh nghin cYu ;


10/107


viii

4.3.1 SKthay ;ai v


11/107


ix

a. VAn t:nhin: .......................................................................................................52

b. VAn nhn l:c: ......................................................................................................53

c. VAn x h*i: ..........................................................................................................54

d. VAn vEt ch%t: ......................................................................................................55

e. VAn ti chnh: ......................................................................................................56

4.3.5.3 Phn tch chnh sch v nhLng th:c thi .................................................................56

a. Tc /*ng cMa cc chnh sch v nhLng th:c thi..................................................56

b. Chnh sch /Nu t7tn d8ng..................................................................................57

4.3.5.4 Phn tch cc chi(n l7Dc cMa nng h*....................................................................59

a. H1thAng canh tc chuyn tm qung canh.........................................................59b. H1thAng canh tc tm k(t hDp cua/c.................................................................60

c. H1thAng canh tc La Tm..............................................................................61

4.3.5.5 Phn tch thnh qu"/


12/107


ChLAng 5 K1T LU;N V KI1N NGH].................................................................................... 76

5.1. K_t lu4n.....................................................................................................................................76

5.2 Ki_n nghW....................................................................................................................................77

Ti liLu tham kh]o........................................................................................................75

Phglgc 1................ a

Phglgc 2................A

L lWch khoa h2c


13/107


i

DANH SCH CH^VI1T T_T

%BSCL : %Ong blng sng Cnu Long

CCB : cKu chi_n binh

KHKT : Khoa h2c kkthu4t

NN : Nng nghiLp

NN&PTNT : Nng nghiLp v Pht tribn nng thn

HTX : HMp tc x

VAC : V()n ao chuOng

VACB : V()n ao chuOng biogas

IPM : Integrated pest management

PRA : Participatory rural appraisal

SWOT : Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Theats

ND : Nng dn

TN : Thanh nin

PN : Phgnj

CBKNKN : Cn bNkhuy_n nng, khuy_n ng(


14/107


ii

DANH SCH B-NG

BMng T`a bMng Trang

3.1 SKphn b^s^m.u phmng vPn theo ;Wa ph(*ng v m hnh canh tc......................11

3.2 Trnh by ma tr4n sndgng m hnh phn tch SWOT.............. ...............................13

3.3 Ti_n trnh thKc hiLn ;


15/107


iii

4.13 Kh]o st nguOn v^n v4t chPt cZa nng hN................................................................55

4.14 M hnh SWOT trong hLth^ng canh tc chuyn tm..............................................60

4.15 M hnh SWOT trong hLth^ng canh tc tm k_t hMp..............................................61

4.16 M hnh SWOT trong hLth^ng canh tc la- tm....................................................62

4.17 Thu nh4p cZa nng hNt`cc nguOn khc nhau vo n5m 2007................................63

4.18 B]ng chi_t tnh hiLu qu]kinh t_cho 1 ha tm nui/vg ............................................64

4.19 Kh]n5ng tch lZy cZa nng hNtrong 1 n5m.............................................................65

4.20 K_t qu];)i s^ng nng hNhiLn t7i theo ;nh gi cZa nng dn ...............................66

4.21 Tm tqt khung sinh k_ ..............................................................................................68

4.22 %nh gi mYc ;Nb


16/107


iv

DANH SCH HNH

Hnh T`a hnh Trang

3.1 VWtr cc ;ibm nghin cYu t7i huyLn HOng Dn.......................................................10

3.2 Cc cng cghdtrMv kung sinh k_.........................................................................14

4.1 SKthay ;ai v


17/107


v

nhm hNs]n xuPt la- tm t`cc n5m 2002-2007..............................................................46

4.12 ThbhiLn sKthay ;ai tiu dng v tch luocZa

nhm hNs]n xuPt chuyn tm t`cc n5m 2002-2007.........................................................47

4.13 ThbhiLn sKthay ;ai tiu dng v tch luocZa

nhm hNs]n xuPt tm k_t hMp t`cc n5m 2002-2007........................................................48

4.14 V^n sinh k_nng hN.................................................................................................52

4.15 Cc cng cghdtrMv kung sinh k_..........................................................................67


18/107


L L]CH KHOA H(C

I.L LCH S"LXC:H2v tn: V %5ng K gi,i tnh: NamN5m sinh: ngy 19 thng 02 n5m 1975.N*i sinh: @p T Sul, x LNc Ninh, huyLn HOng Dn, tenh B7c Liu.Qu qun: x LNc Ninh, huyLn HOng Dn, tenh B7c Liu.ChYc vg: ChZtWch UBND x LNc Ninh.%*n vWcng tc: UBND x LNc NinhChafring: @p B Hin, thWtrPn Ngan D`a, huyLn HOng Dn, tenh B7c Liu.%iLn tho7i c*quan: (0781) 3876631; %iLn tho7i nh ring: (0781) 3876817.Fax: (0781) 3876634; E_Mail: vdky06@she;en.ctu.edu.vn

[email protected]

II. QU TRNH $O T%O

1.Trung hac:HL;o t7o: Phathng trung h2c, t`n5m 1991 1994.N*i h2c: Tr()ng THPT Ngan D`a - Ph(,c Long.

2.$bi hac:H


19/107


04/2008 12/2008

12/2008 ;_n nay

V5n phng UBND huyLnHOng DnUBND x LNc Ninh

Ph Chnh V5n phng(NCTH)ChZtWch UBND x

IV. CC CNG TRNH KHOA H(C $ CNG Be;


20/107


1

ChLAng1

MZ$*U

1. 1 $gT V/N $h

SKpht tribn cZa kinh t_nng thn n(,c ta trong th)i gian qua c nhjng dPu hiLu kh

tch cKc, ; l thnh qu]cZa qu trnh chuybn dWch c*cPu kinh t_nng thn, phn cng

l7i lao ;Nng v ngnh ngh


21/107


2

t_v thu nh4p cZa nng hN, c]i thiLn cuNc s^ng. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh pht tri bn kinh

t_cZa huyLn ; bNc lNnhi


22/107


3

ChLAng 2

LXC KH-O TI LI7U

2.1 GIiI THI7U NHjNG V/N $hC LIN QUAN

2.1.1 MTt sEkkt quMnghin clu vmchuyBn Uni cAcou nng nghiOp p$BSCL

SKk_t hMp nui tm trn ruNng la c hiLu qu]trong nhjng n5m m,i chuybn ;ai c*cPu

s]n xuPt. T`n5m 2000, cc m hnh la tm, tm k_t hMp v chuyn tm qu]ng canh c]i

ti_n trfnn khng hiLu qu]thPt b7i do tm ch_t v n5ng suPt la khng an ;Wnh. Nguyn

nhn c thbdo nhi


23/107


4

tenh B_n Tre, vng mTn cZa tenh hiLn nay th_m7nh l nui trOng thuos]n. Trong ; diLn

tch nui tm chi_m 47,5 %. Tr(,c khi chuybn ;ai m hnh canh tc chZy_u l 1 vgla,

v()n d`a. Sau khi thKc hiLn chuybn ;ai c*cPu s]n xuPt nng nghiLp cZa tenh B_n Tre t`

n5m 2000 2003 diLn tch la chuybn sang nui trOng thuos]n h*n 300 ha, c 2.300 ha

;Pt trOng 1 vg la trn vng mTn ; chuybn ;ai ton bNsang nui tm. V f tenh Kin

Giang tr(,c khi chuybn ;ai diLn tch la 2 vg/n5m chi_m 50%, la 1vg/n5m chi_m 20%,

la c ;Ong chi_m 20%, r ng trm c ;Ong chi_m 10%. %_n nay sau khi chuybn ;ai

diLn tch la 2 vg /n5m chi_m 90%, la ma ca truy


24/107


5

2.1.2 MTt sEkkt quMnghin clu vmsinh kkcPa nng dn p$BSCL

C* cPu kinh t_ vng %Ong Blng Sng Cnu Long (%BSCL) mang tnh thuSn nng, tuy

nhin trong njng n5m gSn ;y kinh t_%BSCL c nhjng b(,c khfi sqc ;ng kb, ; c sK

dWch chuybn theo h(,ng tch cKc, ; l c*cPu nng nghiLp ngy mNt gi]m dSn v c*cPu

cng nghiLp, dWch vgth(*ng m7i ngy mNt t5ng dSn. T^c ;Nt5ng tr(fng GDP (tang thunh4p qu^c nNi) bnh qun t`n5m 2000-2005 l 11,5%, ;y l mNt to lLcao so v,i bnh

qun cZa c] n(,c l 7%. Gi trW l8nh vKc nng- lm thuo s]n n5m 2004 ;7t 38.997 to

;Ong, t5ng 29,7% so v,i n5m 2000, trong khi ; l8nh vKc cng nghiLp v xy dKng t5ng

t,i 79,8% v dWch vgl 58,45 % ( TrSn Thanh B 2006).

%Ong blng sng Cnu Long ;(Mc ;nh gi l vng c nguOn lao ;Nng dOi do, nh(ng trnh

;Nh2c vPn cZa lKc l(Mng lao ;Nng vng ny rrt thPp so v,i yu cSu cZa sKpht tribn. Qua

k_t qu]nghin cYu cZa TrSn Thanh B (2006) cho thPy trnh ;Nh2c vPn cu]ng()i dntrong vng nghin cYu chZy_u l h_t cPp 1 v cPp 2, lSn l(Mt chi_m tolL35% v 37%, s^

ng()i c trnh ;N;7i h2c v cao ;vng chi_m t(*ng ;^i thPp l 4%. Trong khi ; nhm

trnh ;Nh2c vPn cao cZa vng ph sa ng2t chi_m cao nhPt. TolLng()i c trnh ;NcPp 3,

cao ;vng v ;7i h2c lSn l(Mt l 20% v 10%. Do vng ny gOm cc tenh %Ong Thp, V8nh

Long....v thnh ph^CSn Th*l trung tm pht tribn cZa vng ;Ong blng sng Cnu Long

Tr(,c khi chuybn ;ai nguOn thu nh4p cZa nng dn vng chuybn ;ai tenh C Mau chZ

y_u l t`s]n xuPt cy la, c ;Ong v ch5n nui. S]n xuPt la ;em l7i sKan ton v


25/107


6

chia b,t ;Pt cho con ;bl4p gia ;nh ring. Tuy nhin sKchnh lLch tang diLn tch ;Pt f

hai huyLn ny khng khc biLt l,n khi th^ng k (TrSn Thanh B v cNng tc vin 1999).

Qua k_t qu]nghin cYu cZa NguyRn Duy CSn (2004) t7i tenh C Mau cho thPy phSn ;ng

cc thnh vin trong gia ;nh c t`4-8 ng()i, nh(ng trong ; chec hai lao ;Nng chnh.

H2c t kinh nghiLm nui tm, cho nn nng dn ;ang gTp kh kh5n v


26/107


7

thbkibm sot ;(Mc bao gOm: nhn lKc (lao ;Nng, ki_n thYc v kkn5ng), ;Pt ;ai, ph(*ng

tiLn s]n xuPt, ti chnh (TrSn Thanh B 2006). SKpht tribn kinh t_cZa ;Wa ph(*ng ]nh

h(fng ;_n s]n xuPt v chi_n l(Mc s]n xuPt cZa nng hN. T` n5m 2003-2005 x Ninh

Th7nh LMi v x V8nh LNc c xu h(,ng ;Su t(pht tribn s]n xuPt v


27/107


8

d(nMkh ;i ln ;_n 5% trong s^v^n vay ngn hng nh n(,c ;Su t(nui trOng thZy

s]n l 3.600 to;Ong (TrSn Thanh B 2006).

Xu h7?ng kPthuEt cc c*quan khuy_n nng khuy_n ng(f;Wa ph(*ng c nhi


28/107


9

;vng v ;7i h2c chi_m tolLt(*ng ;^i thPp l 4% ( NguyRn Thanh B 2006).

VAn x h*i: ThbhiLn m7ng l(,i giao ti_p, thnh vin cZa cc tachYc cc quan hLtin c4y

phSn l,n cc hNnng dn vng ny ;


29/107


10

ChLAng 3

N3I DUNG V PH"NG PHP NGHIN C[U

3.1 PH"NG PHP CH(N $I4M NGHIN C[U V CH(N MsU

3.1.1 Chan UiBm nghin clu

%b ;7t mgc tiu nghin cYu, ;


30/107


11

3.1.2 Chan mtu Uimu tra

Ch2n m.u kh]o st dKa vo diLn tch trOng tr2t, ch5n nui v nui trOng thZy s]n, ;Tc biLt

l dKa vo cc m hnh canh tc hiLn hnu t7i cc ;Wa ph(*ng trong vng chuybn ;ai. Cg

thbl fx Ninh Th7nh LMi n*i c m hnh s]n xuPt chuyn tm v tm k_t hMp l,n nn

ch2n phmng vPn 80 hN, trong ; s]n xuPt theo m hnh la-tm 10 hN, chuyn tm 40 hN,tm-cua/c 30 hN; f x V8nh LNc c diLn tch la tm l,n nh(ng khng c m hnh

chuyn tm nn ch2n 80 hNnng dn, trong ; s]n xuPt m hnh la-tm l 65 hNv tm

k_t hMp 15 hN; x V8nh LNc A ch2n 40 hNnng dn s]n xuPt la-tm; chuyn tm v tm-

cua/c; x LNc Ninh l vng ;7i diLn cho cc m hnh s]n xuPt, tuy nhin diLn tch la

tm n*i ;y cpng rPt l,n nn ch2n 100 hNnng dn, trong ; s]n xuPt la-tm 60 hN,

chuyn tm 20 hNv tm-cua/c 20 hN;bphmng vPn. Tang cNng s^m.u phmng vPn l

300 hN;(Mc trnh by t7i b]ng 3.1.

BMng 3.1 S`phn bEsEmtu phvng von theo URa phLAng v m hnh canh tc

$Ra phLAng/m hnh Chuyn tm Tm cua/c La-tm Tnng

Ninh Th7nh LMi 40 30 10 80

V8nh LNc - 15 65 80

V8nh LNc A 5 10 25 40

LNc Ninh 20 20 60 100

Tang s^m.u 70 75 155 300

3.2PH"NG PHP THU TH;P SeLI7U

3.2.1 Thu thwp sEliOu thlcop:

Cc s^liLu thYcPp cSn thu th4p bao gOm: v


31/107


12

nghin cYu v thKc hiLn t7i huyLn HOng Dn.

Cc chnh sch ; ban hnh v


32/107


13

Phng Nng nghiLp v Pht tribn nng thn, Phng Cng th(*ng, Phng Th^ng K, Ngn

hng Nng nghiLp v PTNT v HNi nng dn.

3.2.4 PhLAng php phn tch SWOT

Ph(*ng php ny ;(Mc thKc hiLn v,i mgc ;ch tang hMp cc y_u t^t`bn ngoi v cc

y_u t^bn trong cZa ;^i t(Mng nghin cYu t`; c thbnhn nh4n cc vPn ;


33/107


14

vjng- sinh k_cZa nng hNb


34/107


15

Trong khung sinh k_b


35/107


16

MNt s^chetiu ;nh gi:

- Tang chi ph bao gOm: chi ph phn, con gi^ng, thYc 5n, nhin liLu, thu^c b]o vL

thKc v4t, chi ph c]i t7o ao v chi ph khc c lin quan ;_n m hnh canh tc.

- Tang thu nh4p bao gOm: Tang thu nh4p v gi trWs]n xuPt cZa m hnh blng gi

bn hiLn t7i n5m 2007 x s]n l(Mng ( s]n l(Mng cZa s]n phrm chnh t`m hnh

canh tc)

- LMi nhu4n = tang thu nh4p cZa m hnh - tang chi ph.

So snh thu nh4p gija m hnh canh tc tr(,c v sau chuybn ;ai c*cPu s]n xuPt

thng qua lMi nhu4n.

Xc ;Wnh nguOn thu nh4p chnh trong c*cPu thu nh4p cZa nng hN.

%nh gi viLc thay ;ai thu nh4p nng hNsau chuybn ;ai t5ng hay gi]m theo ;Wnhtnh cZa nng dn k_t hMp v,i cc l do t5ng, gi]m thu nh4p.

3.4 PH%M VI V GIiI H%N NGHIN C[U

3.4.1 $Ei tL|ng nghin clu

%


36/107


17

ChLAng 4

K1T QU-V TH-O LU;N

4.1. HI7N TR%NG, CC KH KH+N V CC Y1U Te-NH HZNG $1N

TNH BhN VjNG CJA CC M HNH CANH TC TRONG VNG CHUY4N$6I

4.1.1 Thng tin tnng qut vmcc UiBm khMo st, Uimu tra

Qua kh]o st thKc t_blng PRA v dng ph(*ng php phmng vPn qua phi_u ;i


37/107


18

130ng()i/km2 v c tang s^ hN l 3.723 hN, to lL hNkh giu chi_m 82,13%, to lL hN

ngho chi_m 17,87%. %^i v,i x Ninh Th7nh LMi c rPt ;ng ;Ong bo dn tNc khmer

sinh s^ng kho]ng 600 hNv,i 3000 ng()i. M hnh s]n xuPt chnh hiLn nay f;y l m

hnh s]n xuPt chuyn tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n, tm k_t hMp c/cua v tm la l 7.144

ha.

X V8nh LNc nlm v


38/107


19

hN theo tiu ch ngho cZa chnh phZn5m 2006, ngoi ra cn dKa vo mNt s^;Tc ;ibm

nh(nh cna, ;Pt ;ai, ti s]n, ph(*ng tiLn v thu nh4p gia ;nh. %^i v,i nh cna, nhjng hN

no nh t()ng kin c^ th cho l hN giu, nhjng hN no nh l lgp sgp th cho l hN

ngho, ;^i v,i ;Pt ;ai hNno c ;Pt nhi


39/107


20

BMng 4.3 S`thay Uni vmsxdyng Uot v cc m hnh sMn xuot

$Ra phLAng NWm trLc chuyBn Uni NWm chuyBn Uni HiOn tbi

tr(,c n5m 2000 Sau n5m 2000 n5m 2007

X LNc Ninh S]n xuPt 2 vgla /n5m; S]n xuPt1la 1tm, S]n xuPt1la 2tm,

1 vgla ma/n5m, khm, chuyn tm qu]ng canh tm cua/c, tm

v()n t7p qu]ng canh c]i ti_n

X V8nh LNc S]n xuPt 1 vgla/n5m; S]n xuPt 1la 1tm HSu h_t l 1la 2tm

khm -dà, v()n t7p tm khm/dà la -tm/c

X V8nh LNc A S]n xuPt 1 vgla/n5m; S]n xuPt 1la 1tm 1la 2tm, la -tm/c

khm -dà, v()n t7p tm khm/dà chuyn tm qu]ng canh

X Ninh Th7nh LMi S]n xuPt khm, trm, S]n xuPt chuyn tm Chuyn tm, tm

1 la/n5m, ;Pt hoang 1la -1tm k_t hMp cua/c v

1la 2tm

Qua k_t qu];i


40/107


21

m,i s]n xuPt blng nhjng m hnh chuybn ;ai th h2thnh cng, khi v


41/107


22

BMng 4.4 S`thay Uni vmmi trLfng nLc v hOthEng thPy l|i nWm 2002 so vi nWm 2007

$Ra phLAng NWm trLc chuyBn Uni NWm chuyBn Uni HiOn tbi

X V8nh LNc

NguOn n(,c t(*ng ;^iph hMp cho trOng 2 vgla v nui thZy s]n

khng dWch bLnhHL th^ng thZy lMi thZynng nNi ;Ong ch(a honchenh, bqt ;Su ;(Mc thicng vo n5m 1999

NguOn n(,c nhiRm mTn,phn v mKc n(,c c7n t`thng 12-3AL do ;i


42/107


23

ng2t cung cPp bWch_t hng lo7t.

4.1.4 S`h{tr|v dRch vycPa cc tnchlc Ukn s`pht triBn cPa vng chuyBn Uni

Cc tachYc cZa Nh n(,c gOm: chnh quy


43/107


24

ng()i dn ;Wa ph(*ng vng chuybn ;ai. S]n xuPt cZa h2ngy cng c]i thiLn v hiLu qu]

h*n ;i


44/107


25

BMng 4.6 S`Ua dbng vmcc hobt UTng twp huon v chuyBn giao khoa hac k#thuwt qua cc

giai Uobn pvng chuyBn Uni

$Ra phLAng NWm trLc chuyBn Uni,nWm 1999

NWm chuyBn UniNWm 2000

HiOn tbiNWm 2007

X V8nh LNc A

T4p huPn kk thu4t v


45/107


26

4.1.6 Nhcng trpngbi v cAhTi

Khi ti_p xc v,i nng dn, cn bNlnh ;7o cc ;Wa ph(*ng qua cc cuNc phmng vPn theo

ph(*ng php PRA, nhm ; ghi nh4n nhjng trfng7i quan tr2ng trong s]n xuPt cZa nng

dn vng chuybn ;ai cpng nh( nhjng c*hNi v cc gi]i php m nng dn nh4n thYc

;(Mc. Nhjng trf ng7i chnh cZa nng dn trong vng chuybn ;ai c* cPu s]n xuPt cZahuyLn HOng Dn lin quan ;_n s]n xuPt tm v s]n xuPt la b]ng 4.7. MNt cch cgthbf

vng ;Pt phn cZa hai x Ninh Th7nh LMi v x V8nh LNc A, mTt d th)i gian chuybn ;ai

; lu (trn 7 n5m) nh(ng nhjng trfng7i trong nui tm v s]n xuPt cy la v.n cn x]y

ra.

BMng 4.7 nhcng trpngbi v cAhTi theo nhwn thlc cPa nng hTthng qua phvng von PRA

tbi cc URa phLAng khMo st

$Ra phLAng Trpngbi CAhTi/giMi php

X LNc Ninh -%Pt trpng phn, kh ;i


46/107


27

BMng 4.7 nhcng trpngbi v cAhTi theo nhwn thlc cPa nng hTthng qua phvng von PRAtbi cc URa phLAng khMo st

$Ra phLAng Trpngbi CAhTi/giMi php

X V8nh LNc A

-%Pt cn trpng phn, kh ;i


47/107


28

+ Gi v4t t(t5ng cao, thi_u v^n ti ;Su t(s]n xuPt.

+ NguOn n(,c ng2t khng ;Zrna mTn ;bs]n xuPt la

+ %Pt nhiRm phn khng trOng la ;(Mc

+ %i


48/107


29

4.2 TC $3NG CJA CC Y1U TeCHNH SCH LN S&CHUY4N $6I C"

C/U NNG NGHI7P T%I HUY7N H8NG DN

Nhjng chnh sch lin quan ;_n chuybn ;ai c*cPu nng nghiLp fB7c Liu nh(:

Quy_t ;Wnh s^527/2000/Q%-CP cZa Chnh phZv


49/107


30

HiLn nay n5ng suPt la khng thay ;ai nhi


50/107


31

4.3 TC $3NG CJA VI7C CHUY4N $I C"C/U S-N XU/T LN $!I SeNG

KINH T1, X H3I CJA NNG DN HUY7N H8NG DN

4.3.1 S`thay Uni vmnguVn lao UTng v sxdyng Uot Uai

4.3.1.1 $Ei vi nhm hTcanh tc la-tm

Trong nhm hNcanh tc la tm sKthay ;ai v


51/107


32

LMi v hNc nhi


52/107


33

4.3.1.2 $Ei vi nhm hTcanh tc chuyn tm quMng canh cMi tikn

SK thay ;ai v


53/107


34

BMng 4.9 S`thay Uni vmUot Uai trong nhm hTchuyn tm nWm 2002 so vi nWm 2007

%Wa ph(*ng/ X L*c Ninh X Ninh Th5nh LDi X VTnh L*c X VTnh L*c A

th)i gian (ha/h*) (ha/h*) (ha/h*) (ha/h*)

N5m 2002 2,0-2,5 2,5-4,0 - 2,0-2,5

N5m 2007 1,0-1,5 2,0-3,0 - 1,5-2,1

DiLn tch ;Pt ;ai trn hN;^i v,i nhm hN s]n xuPt chuyn tm n5m 2007 gi]m so v,i

n5m 2002 r rLt. C sKthay ;ai ny l do cha mwchia phSn cho con ci khi ra ring, do

sang bn v c*ch_h7n ;i


54/107


35

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7ng!i/h$

LN NTL VL VLA

x

2002

2007

* Ch thch:LN l L*c Ninh; NTL l Ninh Th5nh LDi, VL l VTnh L*c v VLA l VTnh L*c A

Hnh 4.3 S`thay Uni lao UTng nhm hTsMn xuot tm kkt h|p nWm 2002 so vi nWm 2007

Cpng gi^ng nh(fnhjng vng s]n xuPt chuyn tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n, so v,i n5m 2002

th s^ lao ;Nng trong hNn5m 2007 gi]m t`1-2 ng()i/ng()i. Do con ci cha mwcho ra

ring nn ko theo s^lao ;Nng ph]i gi]m, hiLn nay s^nhn khru trong mNt hNtrung bnh

t`3-5 ng()i, cao h*n nhm hNcanh tc m hnh la-tm t`1-2 ng()i/hN. Theo k_t qu]

;i


55/107


36

BMng 4.10 S`thay Uni vmUot Uai trong nhm hTsMn xuot tm kkt h|p nWm 2002 so vi nWm

2007

%Wa ph(*ng/ X L*c Ninh X Ninh Th5nh LDi X VTnh L*c X VTnh L*c A

th)i gian (ha/h*) (ha/h*) (ha/h*) (ha/h*)

N5m 2002 2,0-2,5 2,5-4,0 2,0-2,5 2,0-2,5

N5m 2007 1,0-1,5 2,0-3,0 1,0-2,0 1,5-2,1

4.3.1.4 Nhwn xt chung

Qua nNi dung phn tch trn ta rt ra mNt s^nh4n xt l diLn tch ;Pt ;(Mc sndgng cho 1hNgia ;nh fmYc cao ;(Mc thbhiLn fnhm hNs]n chuyn tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n trung

bnh 1,5-2,5ha/hN, chZy_u fx Ninh Th7nh LMi; thPp nhPt l nhm hNs]n xuPt la-tm

trung bnh 1,2-2,2ha/hNchZy_u fx LNc Ninh. S^hNc trnh ;Nv5n ha thPp nhPt l

nhm hNs]n xuPt chuyn tm v tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n cZa x Ninh Th7nh LMi v V8nh

LNc A cgthbl c trnh ;Nv5n ha d(,i l,p 5 chi_m 44%, s^chZhNc trnh ;Nv5n ha

t`l,p 9-12 cao nhPt l fnhm hNs]n xuPt la-tm cZa x V8nh LNc v LNc Ninh. S^lao

;Nng trn hN cao nhPt l nhm hN chuyn tm qu]ng canh v tm k_t hMp f x NinhTh7nh l t`5-6 ng()i.


56/107


37

Hnh 4.4 T~lOgixa cc hOcanh tc la-tm, tm kkt h|p v chuyn tm

Nhm hNcanh tc theo m hnh la-tm chi_m tolL75,01%, cao h*n s^hNcanh tc theo

cc m hnh khc xem hnh 4.4, fhSu h_t cc x ;i


57/107


38

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

LN VL VLA NTLx

tri(u *+ng /n-m

2002

2007

* Ch thch: LN l L*c Ninh; NTL l Ninh Th5nh LDi, VL l VTnh L*c v VLA l VTnh L*c A

Hnh 4.5 S`thay Uni gi trRsMn xuot nng ngLnghiOp cPa nhm hTsMn xuot la-tm nWm 2002 sovi nWm 2007

Tr(,c n5m 2000 ton bNvng ny nng dn s]n xuPt che1-2 vgla/n5m, ;_n n5m 2001-

2002 bqt ;Su chuybn sang s]n xuPt la-tm. Hnh 4.5 cho thPy gi trWv


58/107


39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

LN VL VLA NTLx

tri(u*+ng/n-m

2007

2002


Hnh 4.6 s`bikn Uni vmgi trRsMn xuot nng ngLnghiOp cPa nhm hTcanh tc chuyn tm quMng

canh cMi tikn nWm 2002 so vi nWm 2007

Gi^ng nh(nhm hN s]n xuPt theo m hnh la tm, f nhm hN s]n xuPt chuyn tmqu]ng canh c]i ti_n gi trWs]n xuPt n5m 2002 thPp h*n rPt nhi


59/107


40

4.3.2.3 $Ei vi nhm hTcanh tc tm kkt h|p cua/c

Gi^ng v,i hai nhm s]n xuPt trn, nhm hNs]n xuPt tm k_t hMp cua/c cpng c sKthay

;ai gi trWs]n xuPt n5m 2002 so v,i n5m 2007 mNt cch r rLt. N5m 2007 gi trWs]n xuPt

cao h*n, trung bnh gi trWs]n xuPt l 38-55 triLu ;Ong/ha/n5m, do c gi trWs]n xuPt an

;Wnh t`c v cua. %y l nhjng ;^i t(Mng t gTp rZi ro trong s]n xuPt. Tuy nhin gi trWs]n xuPt t`lo7i m hnh ny cpng khng an ;Wnh, nguyn nhn l do trong qu trnh s]n

xuPt tolLrZi ro cao do tm nui bWdWch bLnh ch_t. Hnh 4.7 cho thPy gi trWs]n xuPt cZa

con tm bi_n ;Nng rPt l,n fvgtm nui 2003 v 2005 v totr2ng cZa con tm chi_m to

lLcao h*n cua/c rPt nhi


60/107


41

n5m 2002 rPt nhi


61/107


42

Hnh 4.8 thbhiLn tang thu nh4p cZa nhm hNs]n xuPt la-tm n5m 2007 trung bnh t`

45 triLu ;Ong ;_n 55 triLu ;Ong/n5m /hN. Tuy nhin sKphn b^tang thu nh4p ny khng

;Ong ;


62/107


43

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007n-m

tri(u *+ng/n-m

LN

VLVLA

NTL


Hnh 4.9 thBhiOn s`thay Uni trong tnng thu nhwp cPa nhm hTsMn xuot chuyn tm quMng canh t}

cc nWm 2002-2007

Hnh 4.9 thb hiLn tang thu nh4p cZa nhm nng hN s]n xuPt t` m hnh chuyn tm

qu]ng canh c]i ti_n c sK bi_n ;Nng rPt l,n, trung bnh t` 6 triLu ;Ong ;_n 55 triLu

;Ong/hN/n5m v sKphn b^nguOn thu khng ;Ong ;


63/107


44

4.3.3.3 $Ei vi nhm hTcanh tc tm kkt h|p cua/c

Tang thu nh4p cZa nhm nng hNs]n xuPt t`m hnh ny t(*ng ;Ong v,i m hnh nui

tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n, tang thu nh4p trong hNc sKbi_n ;Nng l,n t`n5m 2002 so v,i

n5m 2007. N5m 2002 thu nh4p t`8-22 triLu ;Ong/n5m, n5m 2007 trung bnh t`48 triLu

;Ong ;_n 50 triLu ;Ong/hN/n5m, c biLt c ;Wa ph(*ng thu nh4p ln ;_n trn 60 triLu;Ong/n5m nh(f x Ninh Th7nh LMi. Theo k_t qu] ;i


64/107


45

4.3.3.4 Nhwn xt chung

Trong cc nhm nng hNs]n xuPt m hnh la tm, chuyn tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n v

tm k_t hMp th nguOn thu nh4p t`nng ng(nghiLp chi_m tolLcao trong tang thu nh4p

cZa nng hNl t`80-83%. Tuy nhin, nguOn thu nh4p ny c bi_n ;Nng rPt l,n gija cc

hN, khng ;Ong nhPt v,i nhau. Trong ; ;N bi_n ;Nng l,n nhPt l f hai m hnh tmqu]ng canh c]i ti_n v tm k_t hMp/cua(c), nguOn thu nh4p t` nng ng( nghiLpcpng

khng an ;Wnh. %^i v,i lo7i m hnh chuyn tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n nguOn thu c hNf

mYc m, l do trong thu nh4p chZy_u l t`tm nn khi tm nui bWdWch bLnh ch_t trqng

gy thPt thot, ldl drn ;_n mYc thu nh4p gi]m m7nh.

Trong khi ; nhm hNs]n xuPt la-tm th tang thu nh4p an ;Wnh h*n v mYc ;Nbi_n

;Nng v


65/107


46

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007n-m

tri(u*+ng/n-m

LN

VL

VLA

NTL


Hnh 4.11 thBhiOn s`thay Uni trong tiu dng cPa nhm hTsMn xuot la- tm t}cc nWm 2002-2007

Qua k_t qu];i


66/107


47

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007n-m

tri(u*+ng/n-m

LN

VL

VLA

NTL


Hnh 4.12thBhiOn s`thay Uni trong tiu dng cPa nhm hTsMn xuot tm quMng canh cMi tikn t}cc

nWm 2002-2007

Theo k_t qu];i


67/107


48

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007n-m

tri(u*+ng/n-m

LN

VL

VLA

NTL

* Ch thch:LN l L*c Ninh; NTL l Ninh Th5nh LDi, VL l VTnh L*c v VLA l VTnh L*c A

Hnh 4.13thBhiOn s`thay Uni trong tiu dng cPa nhm hTsMn xuot tm kkt h|p cua/c t}cc nWm

2002-2007

Theo k_t qu];i


68/107


49

la-tm c kho]ng tch lpy ngqn h*n v cn blng h*n so v,i nhjng hNs]n xuPt chuyn

tm qu]ng canh c]i ti_n.

Trong c*cPu tiu dng, phSn l,n l phgc vgcho nhu cSu l(*ng thKc thKc phrm t`40-

60%. Trong cc lo7i nhu cSu chnh y_u nh(5n mTc, ;i l7i, h2c hnh, gi]i tr, sinh ho7t

ngoi ra chi ph mua sqm, giao t_hSu h_t fcc vng s]n xuPt kbc]la-tm, tm chuyncanh, tm k_t hMp ;


69/107


50

;(Mc nguOn thu ;ng kbcho nhn dn. DSn theo th)i gian sau ny do sKkhqc nghiLt cZa

thin nhin, sKhZy ho7i mi tr()ng sinh thi nn l(Mng c ngy cng gi]m so v,i nhjng

n5m v`a m,i thKc hiLn chuybn ;ai.

Xu h7?ng v;kinh t(:

Qua k_t qu];i


70/107


51

ring cho ;Wa ph(*ng mnh ph hMp v,i ;i


71/107


52

;i


72/107


53

dn, lm h7n ch_sKpht tribn cZa cc v()n 5n tri cZa nng dn vng ny.

BMng 4.11 DiOn tch Uot sMn xuot theo t}ng lobi m hnh tbi cc vng khMo st

Vng khMo st DiOn tch Uot sMn xuot (ha)

La-Tm Tm Cua/c Chuyn tm Tng

T Sul (x L*c Ninh) 287 40 - 327

Bnh Dn (x L*c Ninh) 385 60 - 445

Cai gi]ng (x L*c Ninh) 266 67 35 368

Chm Cao (xNinh Th5nh LDi ) 70 160 75 305

Ninh Th7nh Ty (xNinh Th5nh LDi) 187 117 60 364

Th^ng nhPt (xNinh Th5nh LDi) 80 206 88 374

V8nh Bnh (x VTnh L*c) 245 16 - 261

V8nh Th7nh ( x VTnh L*c) 284 64 - 348

V8nh Ha (x VTnh L*c) 316 - - 316

Ba %nh ( x VTnh L*c A) 176 82 12 270

Bnh LNc ( x VTnh L*c A) 238 34 - 272

Tang cNng 2.534 574 270 3.378

Ngu2n: kh"o st PRA nQm 2008 v sAli1u thAng k cMa cc x

b. VAn nhn l:c:

%y l nguOn v^n thbhiLn cc kkn5ng ki_n thYc, kh]n5ng lao ;Nng, sYc khmev sKk_t

hMp cZa cc y_u t^ny lm cho nng hNc thbtheo ;uai hay khng theo ;uai chi_n l(Mc

cZa nng hN;bh2;7t ;(Mc mgc tiu m(u sinh cZa h2mNt cch khc nhau. Qua k_t qu]

;i


73/107


54

Qua kh]o st, nhjng lao ;Nng chnh ny trong gia ;nh chec kinh nghiLm nui tm la

kho]ng 3-4 n5m trf l7i ;y. Do ; t`n5m 2004 ;_n nay nng dn m,i c ;i


74/107


55

hNi/;on, cc m^i quan hL tin c4y. PhSn l,n cc hN nng dn f vng kh]o st ;


75/107


56

e. VAn ti chnh:

%y l nguOn v^n rPt quan tr2ng trong viLc ;Su t(;_n kh]n5ng s]n xuPt v ti s]n xuPt

cZa nng hN. Qua kh]o st hSu h_t ng()i dn khng c ti


76/107


57

- Cc hNi ;on thbnh(hNi nng dn, hNi phgnj, ;on thanh nin, cc tachYc HTX

v tahMp tc nng nghiLp, cc cu l7c bNs]n xuPt theo chuyn ;


77/107


58

dgng c ]nh h(fng rPt rmrLt ;_n cuNc s^ng cZa ng()i dn vng chuybn ;ai, ;Tc biLt l

]nh h(fng ;_n chi_n l(Mc s]n xuPt cZa nng hN. %(Mc ;Su t(cho vay nng hNc c*hNi

;Su t(cho s]n xuPt ngy mNt t^t h*n, v,i viLc cho vay mYc ;Su t(cn thPp fnhjng n5m

;Su m,i chuybn ;ai s]n xuPt l 7 triLu ;Ong /1ha v ;_n nay ;(Mc t5ng ;_n mYc cho vay

ln 15 triLu ;Ong nh(ng kh]n5ng ti ;Su t(cZa nng hNcn gTp kh kh5n. Do nng hN

th()ng xuyn gTp rZi ro trong s]n xuPt nn viLc sndgng ;Ong v^n t`cho vay khng cn

hiLu qu], mTt khc c nhi


78/107


59

trong ; d(nMcao nhPt l x Ninh Th7nh LMi trung bnh 40 triLu ;Ong/hNv hiLn nay s^

d(nMny vPn cn ;2ng l7i ch(a thanh ton xong v nMxPu chi_m 14,3%.

NhEn xt chung

Trong cc m hnh canh tc ta thPy rlng ;^i v,i m hnh la-tm suPt ;Su t(thPp h*n so

v,i m hnh chuyn tm, tm k_t hMp (cheblng 67%), trong khi ; hNs]n xuPt chuyn

tm c mYc tang ;Su t(cao nhPt l 50 triLu ;Ong/n5m. Chi ;Su t(cho con tm cao h*n l

do c nhjng n5m tm bWdWch bLnh ch_t hng lo7t f;Su ma vgnn nng hNph]i ti ;Su

t(cho s]n xuPt.

Tn dgng ;Su t(cho cc nng hNkhc nhau fcc lo7i m hnh s]n xuPt, trong ; s^d(

nM cZa nhjng hN s]n xuPt chuyn tm v tm k_t hMp l cao nhPt. Do suPt ;Su t( cZa

ngn hng cho s]n xuPt tm cao h*n suPt ;Su t(cho cy la (cho vay nui tm 15 triLu

;Ong/ha, cho vay s]n xuPt la 10 triLu ;Ong/ha).

4.3.5.4 Phn tch cc chikn lL|c cPa nng hT

a. H1thAng canh tc chuyn tm qung canh

Trn c*sfphn tch cc mTt m7nh, mTt y_u, c*hNi v rZi ro nhjng nng dn ;(a ra cc

gi]i php nh(l chi_n l(Mc sinh k_cZa h2, b]ng 4.14 trnh by phn tch SWOT v chi_n

l(Mc sinh k_theo nh4n thYc cZa ng()i dn.CSn s,m c chnh sch ;Su t(cho viLc thi_t k_

;Ong ruNng, mua sqm ph(*ng tiLn s]n xuPt, c]i t7o v xy dKng hLth^ng thZy lMi ph hMp cho

t`ng vng. Pht tribn cc m hnh thZy s]n k_t hMp ( Tm - cua/c) ;bgi]m rZi ro, ;a d7ng

nguOn thu nh4p thay ;ai ph(*ng php khuy_n nng, ng(t5ng c()ng mfrNng m7ng l(,i kkthu4t

xu^ng Pp, x. Qu]n l nh n(,c cSn xy dKng hL th^ng kibm dWch chPt l(Mng con gi^ng, s]n

phrm ;Su ra,nghin cYu ;a d7ng nhi


79/107


60

BMng 4.14 M hnh SWOT trong hOthEng canh tc chuyn tm quMng canh

$iBm Mbnh (S)

1. LMi nhu4n cao

2. Nui ;(Mc quanh n5m

3. N5ng suPt, s]n l(Mng ;7t cao

4. Kch cc;Ong ;


80/107


61

;Su t(t4p huPn chuybn giao kkthu4t.

BMng 4.15 M hnh SWOT trong hOthEng canh tc tm kkt h|p

$iBm mbnh(S)

1. LMi nh4n cao

2. Nui ;(Mc quanh n5m3. N5ng suPt s]n l(Mng, thZy s]n cao.

4. C cua dRtiu thg

5. Gi]i quy_t t^t mi tr()ng n(,c trongao nui.

$iBm yku(W)

1. %i hmi kk thu4t cao, nng dn kh ti_pc4n, ng()i ngho kh p dgng.

2. Con gi^ng kh mua t7i ;Wa ph(*ng.

3. V^n ;Su t(cao.

4. SKxm nh4p mTn cao.

5. RZi ro xy ra cao.

6. HLth^ng knh m(*ng ch(a ;Ong bN.

CAhTi(O)

1. %a d7ng nhi


81/107


62

chuybn giao khoa h2c kkthu4t (KHKT) cho ng()i dn. Xy dKng cc tr7m tr7i s]n xuPt

con gi^ng t7i ;Wa ph(*ng v cc ngnh chYc n5ng ph]i c k_ho7ch kibm sot chPt l(Mng.

BMng 4.16 M hnh SWOT trong hOthEng canh tc la- tm

$iBm mbnh (O)

1. C hiLu qu]kinh t_cao.2. T7o viLc lm cho lao ;Nng nng thn,

lao ;Nng ngho.

3. C chnh sch hd trM v


82/107


63

4.3.5.5 Phn tch thnh quMUfi sEng nng hT

Trong khung ;)i s^ng nng hNb


83/107


64

thu nh4p chZy_u l t`cy la, trung bnh 10 triLu ;Ong/hN/n5m, ;_n n5m 2007 mYc thu

nh4p trung bnh l 65,4 triLu ;Ong/n5m. Trong ; thu nh4p t`trOng la chi_m 40,2%, t`

nui tm 36,6%, t`phi nng nghiLp 10,3%, t`ch5n nui 6,2 % v trOng tr2t 6,7%. Khi

chi ti_t t`m hnh nui tm, tnh hiLu qu]kinh t_cZa m hnh ny c mYc lMi nhu4n t`6

- 9 triLu ;Ong/ha/n5m. Tuy nhin khi phn tch v


84/107


65

BMng 4.19 KhMnWng tch lPy cPa nng hTtrong 1 nWm

Vng khMo st Tnng thu nhwp Mlc tiu xi Tch l)y

(tr//nQm) (tr//nQm) (tr//nQm)

@p T Sul (LN) 40 35 5

@p Bnh Dn (LN) 43 37 6

@p Cai Gi]ng (LN) 30 30 0

@p Chm Cao (LN) 42 40 2

@p Ninh Th7nh Ty(NTL) 38 30 8

Pp Th^ng NhPt (NTL) 45 43 2

@p V8nh Bnh (VL) 31 25 6

@p V8nh Th7nh (VL) 50 40 10

@p V8nh Ha (VL) 50 40 10

@p Bnh LNc (VL A) 26 20 6

@p Ba %nh (VL A) 52 48 4

(Ngu2n: PRA nQm 2008 v phWng v%n tr:c ti(p bVng phi(u /i;u tra)


Nhn chung sKthu nh4p v mYc s^ng cZa ng()i dn fcc vng chuybn ;ai cgthbl vng;(Mc kh]o st c t5ng ln, tuy nhin trong khung ;)i s^ng nng hNcn chWu nhi


85/107


66

nhi


86/107


67

HOng Dn, B7c Liu ;(Mc m t]nh(sau (hnh 4.15):

Hnh 4.15 Cc cng cyh{tr|v khung sinh kk

MNt cch t(*ng tK, b]ng 4.21 trnh by tm tqt cc thnh phSn cZa khung sinh k_; ]nh

h(fng ;_n sinh k_cZa ng()i dn vng chuybn ;ai.

Tkha: N = V#n ti nguyn (Natural capital) F = V#n ti chnh (Financial capital)H = V#n nhn l%c (Human capital) P = V#n c&s'v(t ch+t (Physical capital)S = V#n x h i Social ca ital

Cc v#n sinh k5nng h6

P N

H

S

F

B#i c7nhd8t9n th!&ng(y5u t#7nh

h!'ng bn ngoi)

Cc chi5nl!:c sinh k5

;nh h!'ng& ti5p c(n

B3

B@

t

2!:c

Th3ch5,chnh sch,

d=ch v-h?tr:n6i t@i

Thnh

qusinh k#

BEi cMnh tnn thLAng

- DWch bLnh trn tmnui x]y ra n5m2003-2005

- SKxm nh4p mTn ,n(,c ng2t thi_u vkm chPt l(Mng

- DWch rSy nu trnla n5m 2003, 2007

- Gi tm, la, c tgtgi]m v khng an;Wnh

- Gi c]v4t t( nngnghiLp, nhin liLut5ng cao

ThBchk, chnh sch

- Chnh sch ;Su t(tn dgng

- Chnh sch chuybn;ai c* cPu cytrOng v4t nui

- Ch(*ng trnh s]nxuPt la theo tiuchurn GAP cZatenh

- Ch(*ng trnh 3gi]m 3 t5ng cZa

tenh trong s]n xuPtla-tm

- Cc ho7t ;Nngkhuy_n nng

-N7o vt cc tuy_nknh thZy lMi hngn5m.

Chikn lL|c sinh kk

- S]n xuPt 1 vgla-2 vgtm,

- Tm k_t hMpthuos]n khc

- TrOng mu trnb)- la-tm

- La tm (xenla)

Thnh quMsinh kk

- T5ng thu nh4p hN: 40triLu/hN/n5m (2006),50 triLu/hN/n5m(2007)

- %a d7ng ha cytrOng v4t nui

- Sndgng v qu]n lti nguyn theoh(,ng b


87/107


68

BMng 4.21 Tm t/t khung sinh kk

Tc UTng ngobicMnh

Cc ti sMn cPaUfi sEng nng hT

Cou trc v tikntrnh

Cc chikn lL|cnng hT

Thnh quM UfisEng nng hT

- C s^c: dWch bLnhtrn tm,. La ;Pt

trpng phn- Xu h(,ng: ;Pt phhMp sx la, tm/cmi tr()ng nhiRmkinh t_ pht tribn,chnh sch chuybn;ai.

- Th)i vg: gi tmcao trong nhjng n5m;Su, c* hNi t7o viLclm cao.

- TKnhiLn: m hnhtm la/c chuyn

tm, tm k_t hMpcua/c.

- Nhn lKc: NnghNc 3-6 ng()i, t`3-4 n5m kinhnghiLm nui tmla.

- X hNi: thnh vincc hNi ND, CCB,TN, PN.

- V^n v4t chPt:thi_u c*sfh7 tSng,

ph(*ng tiLn phgcvg s]n xuPt cnthi_u.

- Ti chnh: 90% hN;


88/107


69

v kh b


89/107


70

s]n xuPt.

V


90/107


71

Kkthu4t + %i hmi kkn5ng Do c nguOn thu nh4pngoi tm

V^n ++ %i hmi v^n kh cao

Qu]n l ++ T(*ng ;^i phYc t7p

Quy m +++ Kh]n5ng quy m cao

Ch thch:+++ Thch hDp v?i b;n vLng,++ T7=ng /Ai thch hDp,+ t thch hDp v?i tiu ch b;n vLng.

c. H1thAng canh tc La Tm:

Cpng gi^ng nh(hLth^ng canh tc tm- k_t hMp, ;b;nh gi mYc ;Nb


91/107


72

V^n ++ %i hmi kh nhi


92/107


73

- Ngoi ra trong tr()ng hMp mi tr()ng suy thoi sic nhjng tc ;Nng trfl7i v,i ;N

b


93/107


74

d. Tc /*ng cMa quy ho5ch Nng Nghi1p

HLth^ng cc gi]i php cZa quy ho7ch c tc ;Nng ;Wnh h(,ng cho s]n xuPt nng nghiLp

trong vng, trong tr()ng hMp thch nghWcZa ;Pt ;ai kh rNng, ;Tc biLt l viLc xy dKng

cc c*sfh7tSng (hLth^ng thZy lMi, giao thng) ;


94/107


75

thu4t xu^ng Pp, x.

4.4.2 Cc giMi php vmchnh sch

C chnh sch ;Su t(v^n c]i t7o, nng cPp hLth^ng knh m(*ng phgc vgs]n xuPt, thi_t

k_;Ong ruNng, mua sqm ph(*ng tiLn s]n xuPt

Qu]n l nh n(,c: CSn xy dKng hLth^ng kibm dWch chPt l(Mng con gi^ng, s]n phrm ;Su

ra,nghin cYu ;a d7ng nhi


95/107


76

ChLAng 5

K1T LU;N V $hNGH]

5.1. K1T LU;N

Qua kh]o st, thu thp v phn tch s^liLu ;i


96/107


77

5.2 KI1N NGH]

Trn cc k_t qu]nghin cYu ;(Mc trnh by fphSn trn, ;bpht tribn v c]i thiLn sinh k_

ng()i dn trong vng chuybn ;ai mNt cch c hiLu qu], ti ;


97/107


78

TI LI7U THAM KH-O

M.Hossain, TrSn ThW t v M.L.Bose (2005) Livelihood Systems and Dynamics of

Poverty in a Coastal Province of Vietnam.

HuUnh Minh Hong (2004), Xy dKng m hnh Yng dgng ti_n bNkhoa h2c kkthu4t nui

tm s bn thm canh v lun canh tm-la t 7i x Phong Th7nh Nam, Ph(,c Long,

B7c Liu.

L Quang Tr v V ThWG(*ng (2006), Nghin cYu m hnh chuybn ;ai c*cPu cy trOng

v4t nui trn vng ;Pt phn x V8nh LNc, Ninh Th7nh LMi, HOng Dn, B7c Liu.

L Quang Tr v Cao Ph(*ng Nam (2004) B(,c ;Su ;nh gi hL th^ng canh tc t`ng

vng chuybn ;ai s]n xuPt cZa tenh C Mau, ;


98/107


79

Phng Th^ng k huxn HOng Dn (2003-2006), Nim gin th^ng k t` n5m 2003 ;_n

2006.

SfNng nghiLp v Pht tribn Nng thn tenh B7c Liu (2006), Bo co tang k_t n5m

2005.

SfThuoS]n tenh B7c Liu (2006), Bo co tang k_t n5m 2005.

TrSn Thanh B v TrSn Th_Nh(HiLp (1999), k_t qu]so snh ho7t ;Nng s]n xuPt cZa hL

th^ng canh tc la-tm t7i 2 huyLn MkXuyn-Sc Tr5ng v Gi Rai-B7c Liu hai

n5m 1997-1998.

TrSn Thanh B (2000) bo co k_t qu]dKn ;nh gi tnh b


99/107


a

Phglgc 1PHI1U $IhU TRA

I. Thng tin chung vmnng hT1. H2v tn ng()i ;(Mc phmng vPn:........................................Nam/n j............ %T:............2. %Wa che: Pp...............................x...........................huyLn HOng Dn, tenh B7c Liu3. Trnh ;Nv5n ho:......./12, trnh ;Nchuyn mn:..........................................4. Tnh tr7ng hNgia ;nh:................ (giu, kh, cEn ngho, ngho)

5. Tang diLn tch ;Pt:......................ha, Trong ; ;Pt s]n xuPt nng nghiLp:...........ha, ;Ptphi nng nghiLp:............ha, mgc ;ch khc:............haII. Qu trnh sMn xuot cPa nng hT:

1. Th)i gian chuybn ;ai s]n xuPt: vo n5m.............2. M hnh ch2n ;bs]n xuPt sau khi chuybn ;ai:

M hnhtr$%c C(

N)m2001

N)m2002

N)m2003

N)m2004

N)m2005

N)m2006

N)m2007

1 la2 lakhmKhm-d`a

;Pt hoang3. LWch th)i vgcho m hnh chuybn ;ai

3.1M hnh la-tmCng viOc Thfi gian (t}thng 1-12)

C"i t5o ru*ng nuitmTh"tm giAngThu ho5chS5/c%y laThu ho5ch la

Th dg: thng 4 th ghi T4

3.2M hnh chuym tmCng viOc Thfi gian cho vy1 Thfi gian cho vy2

C"i t5o ru*ng nuitmTh"tm giAngThu ho5ch

3.3M hnh tm k_t hMp cua/cCng viOc Thfi gian (t}thng 1-12)

C"i t5o ru*ng nuitmTh"tm giAngThu ho5chTh"cua giAngThu ho5ch

III. Cc tc UTng t}bn ngoi1. Xu h(,ng pht tribn cc m hnh hiLn nay: (/nh d%u X vo chSn)Pht tribn m7nh , trung bnh , km pht tribn


100/107


b

2. Nhjng m hnh s]n xuPt chnh cZa nng hN:................................................................................................................................3. Gi c];Su vo (gOm cy con gi^ng, phn bn, thu^c BVTV, nhin liLu, my mc thi_t bW

s]n xuPt...) (/nh d%u X vo chSn)

Cao: , trung bnh , thPp

4. Gi c];Su ra (gOm tm nguyn liLu, la hng ho, c, cua...) (/nh d%u X vo chSn)

Cao: , trung bnh , thPp

5. Tnh hnh dWch bLnh, mYc ;NbWthiLt h7i trn tm, la trong th)i gian qua:5.1Ai v?i tm nui

RPt nghim tr2ng mYc thiLt h7i:.......% , nghim tr2ng mYc thiLt h7i:.......%

Khng nghim tr2ng mYc thiLt h7i.....%5.2Ai v?i cy la

RPt nghim tr2ng mYc thiLt h7i:.......% , nghim tr2ng mYc thiLt h7i:.......%

Khng nghim tr2ng mYc thiLt h7i.....%6. cc chnh sch hdtrMcZa ;Wa ph(*ng cho s]n xuPt:

Vay v^n , chuybn giao KHKT , miRn gi]m thu_ , %Su t(blng cy con

gi^ng

7. Cc tc ;Nng x hNi khc c lin quan ]nh h(fng ;_n s]n xuPt nh(:-Tnh cNng ;Ong dn c(:

->nh h(fng cZa mi tr()ng sinh thi:-Phong tgc t4p qun

IV. Chi ph cythBcho t}ng m hnh

STT M hnh SX SElL|ng (kg) $An gi (1.000U) Chi ph (1.000 U)1 La- tm (1 ha):

Tm giAngLa giAngPhn bnHo ch%t

Nhin li1uQu"n l

C"i t5o /2ng ru*ng(ngycng)

2 Chuyn tm (1 ha)Tm giAngPhn bnHo ch%t

Nhin li1u


101/107


c

C"i t5o ao /Nm3 Tm-cua/c (1 ha)

Tm giAngC/cua giAng

Phn bnHo ch%t

Nhin li1uC"i t5o ao /Nm

V. Hobch ton kinh tktrong sMn xuot

Cc ;Nng ho7t DiLn tch(ha)

S]n l(Mng(kg)

Chi ph(1.000 /)

Tang thu(1.000 /)

LMi nhu4n(1.000 /)

SX la (la-tm)SX tm (la-tm)SX c (tm-c)SX cua (tm-cua)SX tm (tm-c/cua)Ch5n nui (heo, gia cNm)

Cy 5n tri

VI. Cc nguVn chi ph khc

STT Cng viOc chi SEtimn/nWm (1.000 U) Ghi ch1 Chi cho mua sqm v4t dgng gia ;nh2 Chi cho 5n u^ng3 Chi cho ch5m sc sYc khou4 Chi cho mua sqm thi_t bWSX5 Chi cho h2c hnh

6 Chi cho ;ng gp cho ;Wa ph(*ng7 Chi cho tiLc tng8 Chi cho thuolMi ph, thu_9 Chi khc

T0ng c*ng

VII. Cc nguVn thu ngoi sMn xuot

STT Cng viOc thu SEtimn/nWm (1.000 U) Ghi ch1 Mua bn, dWch vgth(*ng m7i2 Lao ;Nng lm thu m(,n

3 Ti_t kiLm t`gni Ngn hng4 Ti_t kiLm t`tahng v^n (hNi)5 Ti trMt`cc tachYc6 Thu khc

T0ng c*ng


102/107


d

VIII. NguVn vEn vmnhn l`c

STT

Hatn Tuni QuanhO

Nam/nc

VWnha

Chuyn mn

Slckho7

Tnchlc

KinhnhgiOmSX tm

L>n Twphuon/nWm

1

2345678T0chXc x h*i: Nng dn, thanh nin, ph8nL, c:u chi(n binh, tn gio, cc b*CC....IX. NguVn vEn x hTi

- Th)i gian sinh ho7t HNi: ......lSn/thng; NNi dung sinh ho7t:.......................................................

........................................................................................................................................................- SKgip ;ft`cc tachYc:........................................................... .(ti;n, ki(n thXc, cng lao/*ng, bVng hi1n vEt , thng tin thHtr7


103/107


e

XI. VEn vwt chotMyb*m

XuOngghe

Vmmy

Xemy

Myx*i

Xecu^c

Mytnh

Nhc4

Nhl

Nhkinc^

Mysu^tla

Tivi

%iLntho7i

CkhngNgoi nhjng nNi dung trn ng (b) cSn c ki_n g thm:.....................................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... ..............................................................................................................................................

..................................,ngy thng n5m 2008Ng()i ;i


104/107


!

"#$% &'(( )!Wng v%n nng dn theo ph7=ng php PRA t5i x VTnh L*c A

!"# %&'% (!,ng v.n nng dntheo ph$&ng php 0i1u tra phi3u t4i xL6c Ninh


105/107


*

Hnh 2.13 : CAspvwt chot cPa ngLfi dn UL|c nng ln

Hnh 2.14 : M hnh chuyn tm quMng canh cMi tikn tbi x Ninh Thbnh L|i


106/107


+

Hnh 2.15 : M hnh la tm tbi x V3nh LTc, HuyOn HVng Dn

!"# %&')( La MTt byi Uvtheo quy trnh GAP trn ruTng tm tbi x V3nh LTc


107/107


Hinh 2.17 : PhLAng tiOn phyc vysMn xuot cPa ngLfi dn UL|c hon chqnh hAn

Documents

Danh Gia Cac Mo Hinh San Xuat Va Sinh Ke