kim tra HKII ( 1)

cng n tp hc k 2 Mn ha hc 8

kim tra HKII ( 1)

Mn: Ho hc 8

Thi gian: 45 pht

Cu 1: (3 ) Chn cu tr li ng?

1. Cho 2 nguyn t A v B c ho tr khng i. Cng thc oxit ca A l A2O ; cng thc hp cht ca B vi Hiro l BH3. Cng thc ng ca hp cht to bi A v B l:

A. AB

B. A2B3

C. A3B2

D. A3B

2. Dy cc cht tan c trong nc l:

A. NaOH, CuSO4, H2SO4, Mg(OH)2

C. KOH, HNO3, CaCO3, AlCl3B. KCl, Mg(NO3)2, Ba(OH)2, MgSO4

D. FeCl3, H2SiO3, HCl, Na2CO33. Cc cht lm i mu qu tm l:

A. KOH, NaCl, CaCO3

C. MgO, Cu(OH)2, KOH

B. KOH, Ca(OH)2, HCl

D. KOH, Cu(OH)2, HCl

4. Dy cc CTHH biu din kim l:

A. NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2

B. Fe(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, KOH

C. LiOH, CaCl2, HCl

D. Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, HNO35. Mt oxit ca photpho c phn t khi bng 142. CTHH ca oxit l:

A. P2O3

B. PO2

C. P2O4

D. P2O56. Nung a mol KClO3 thu c V1 lit kh Oxi (ktc), nung a mol KMnO4 thu c V2 lit kh Oxi (ktc). T l V1/V2 l:

A. 1/2

B. 3/1

C. 1/1

D. 1/3

Cu 2: Cho cc cht sau: Cu2O, H2SO3, H3PO4, Al(OH)3, HCl, Fe2O3, Mg(HCO3)2, FeOH)2, CuSO4, Na3PO4, SO2. Hy hon thnh vo bng sau:

OxitAxitBazMui

CTHHTn giCTHHTn giCTHHTn giCTHHTn gi

Cu 3:

C 4 bnh ring bit ng cc cht kh sau: kh Oxi, kh Hiro, kh Nit, kh cacbonic. Nu phng php ho hc phn bit tng kh trn? Vit PTHH minh ho?

Cu 4:

Tnh khi lng CuSO4 c trong 250 gam dung dch bo ho CuSO4 100C? Bit tan ca CuSO4 100C l 75,4 gam.

Nu h nhit ca dung dch bo ho CuSO4 trn xung 20C th lng mui tch ra l bao nhiu gam? Bit tan ca CuSO4 20C l 20,7 gam.Cu 1 (2)

Cho cc cht sau: NaOH, CuO, H2SO4 ,NaNO3, . Hy phn loi v gi tn.

Cu 2. (1)

Hy nu phng php ha hc nhn bit cc dng dch b mt nhn sau y: HNO3, KCl, Ca(OH)2.

Cu 3. (3,5)

Hon thnh cc PTHH theo cc s sau v phn loi phn ng

a. O2 + ......-> P2O5

b. H2 + CuO -> ......+ H2O

c. Mg + O2 -> ........

d. H2O --> O2 + .......

p

e. H2O + ...... -> NaOH + H2Cu 4(3,5).

Cho 16 g mui CuSO4 vo 184 ml nc ct thu c dung dch CuSO4a. Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c

b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch bit th tch dung dch khng thay i, (khi lng ring ca nc = 1 g/ml)

c. Nu c cn dung dch trn cn li 100 ml th nng l bao nhiu M?Cu 1: (2,5 )

Cho cc cht c cng thc sau: FeCl2, CaO, SO3, Fe(OH)2, HNO3Hy xp cng thc cc cht trn vo ct ph hp trong bng sau v gi tn cc cht .

O xit axitO xit bazA xitBa zMui

Cu 2: (4)

in cht thch hp ri hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau:

1. KMnO4 ( K2MnO4 + MnO2 + .............

2. Zn + ....... ( ZnCl2 + H2 3. H2 + O2 ( ..........

4. Fe + HCl ( FeCl2 + .........

5. P + ( 2P2O5

6. H2O ( H2 + Cc phng trnh trn phng trnh no thuc loi phn ng: phn ng ha hp, phn ng phn hy.

Cu 3: ( 3,5)

Ha tan 20g Natri hidroxit vo 480g nc, thu c dung dch A c khi lng ring (d=1,25g/ml)

a) Tnh nng phn trm dung dch A

b) Tnh nng mol/l dung dch A

c) Cn phi lm bay hi bao nhiu gam nc c trong dung dch A c dung dch B c nng 8%

I - Trc nghim khch quan (3 im) Khoanh trn vo ch A hoc B, C, D trc phng n chn ng.Cu 1. tan ca 1 cht trong nc nhit xc nh lA. s gam cht tan trong 100 g nc.

B. s gam cht tan trong 100 g dung dch.C. s ml cht tan trong 100 ml dung dch.

D. s gam cht tan trong 100 g nc to thnh dung dch bo ho.Cu 2. C th dng thuc th no sau y nhn bit 3 cht rn sau : CaO, P2O5, Al2O3A. Qu tm ; B. Nc ;C. Qu tm v nc; D. Dung dch HCl.Cu 3. Dy cht no sau y ch gm CTHH ca baz ?A. KOH, CuCl2, H2S ; B. NaOH, Cu(OH)2, Mg(OH)2 ;C. Na2S, H2SO4, MgCl2 ; D. NaOH, HCl, Cu(OH)2.Cu 4. Ho tan 20g ng vo 180 g nc. Nng phn trm ca dung dch ng l A. 10%. B. 15%. C. 12%. D. 20%.Cu 5. Cho cc cht sau : (1) km, (2) ng, (3) st, (4) HCl, (5) H2SO4 long, (6) NaOH.Nhng cht no c th dng iu ch H2 trong phng th nghim ?A. (1), (2), (4), (5) ; B. (2), (3), (5), (6) ;C. (1), (3), (4), (5) ; D. (1), (2), (4), (6).Cu 6. Cho cc phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng sau :

Zn + CuCl2 ZnCl2 + Cu (1) Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 (2)HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (3) Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 (4)Phn ng no l phn ng th ? A. (1), (3) ; B. (1), (2) ; C. (2), (3) ; D. (2), (4).II - T lun (7 im)

Cu 7. (2 im) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo dy chuyn ho sau : (1) (2) (1) (2) a) Ca CaO Ca(OH)2 b) S SO2 H2SO3Cu 8. (1,5 im) Vit cng thc ho hc cc mui c tn gi sau : a) St(III) sunfat. b) Km clorua. c) Natri cacbonat.Cu 9. (3,5 im) Dng 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 1,2M ho tan ht lng kim loi st.a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng.b) Tnh khi lng mui st(II) sunfat thu c.c) Tnh th tch kh H2 thot ra ( ktc) ?(Bit H = 1, S = 32, O = 16, Fe = 56)Cu 1: Chn t hoc s thch hp in vo ch trng trong cc cu sau:

(B)a. ..........l s oxi ha c ta nhit v pht sng.

(B)b. mt nhit xc nh, dung dch khng th ha tan thm cht tan gi l .......

(B)c. T l khi lng cc nguyn t H v O trong nc ln lt l ..........

(B)d. 200C, 100 gam nc c th ha tan ti a 20 gam ng, vy tan ca ng l...........

Cu 2: Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc i vi cc phn ng sau(B) v cho bit chng thuc loi phn ng ha hc no(H)?

a. ? + H2O --- H3PO4b. H2O in phn ? + ?

c. ? + CuO --- Cu + ?

Trong cc phn ng trn c phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha kh khng? V sao? Cht no l cht kh, cht oxi ha?(B)Cu 3: Cho cc cht c cng thc ha hc sauCuSO4, N2O5, H2SO4, Fe(OH)3, Ca(HCO3)2.

a. Hy gi tn cc cht trn.(B)b. Trong cc cht trn, nhng cht no l oxit, axit, baz, mui.(H)Cu 4: Trong phng th nghim c cc cht sau: Na2O, KClO3, S, nc. Em hy chn cht thch hp trong cc cht trn v vit phng trnh ha hc thc hin cc th nghim sau:

a. iu ch kh oxi.(H)b. iu ch lu hunh ioxit.(VD)c. iu ch dung dch c th lm giy qu tm ha xanh.(VD)Cu 5: iu ch kh hidro ngi ta tin hnh ha tan hon ton 9,75 gam km bng lng va 300 ml dung dch axit clohidric.

a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng.(B)b. Tnh th tch kh hidro thu c ( ktc).(H)c. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch axit clohidric dng.(VD)Hy chn v khoanh trn vo cu tr li ng nht.Cu 1: Phn ng no sau y thuc loi phn ng th ?A. O2 + H2 H2O

B. Fe + FeCl3 FeCl2

C. AgNO3 Ag + NO2 + O2D. Mg + Fe2(SO4)3 MgSO4 + Fe

Cu 2: Dy cc oxit baz no tc dng c vi nc iu kin thng ? A. Al2O3 , FeO , CuO , HgOB. BaO , CaO , MgO , Fe2O3

C. K2O , Na2O , P2O5 , SO3D. CaO , BaO , Na2O , K2O

Cu 3: t chy 9 gam Cacbon . Th tch Cacbon ioxit CO2 thu c (ktc) l:

A. 22,4 lt

B. 44,8 lt C. 16,8 lt

D. 11,2 lt

Cu 4: Kh Hidro c bm vo khinh kh cu, bng thm khng v Hidro l kh : A. Khng mu. B. Nh nht trong cc loi kh.

C. C tc dng vi Oxi trong khng kh. D. t tan trong nc.

Cu 5: Nhm cc cht ch gm mui trung ha l :

A. NaCl, K2SO4, CaCO3, Fe(NO3)3.

B. KNO3, HCl, MgSO4, NaOH.

C. K2SO4, HNO3, FeCl3, MgSO3.

D. MgCl2, H2SO4, Na2CO3, ZnCl2.

Cu 6: Dung dch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh :

A. K2SO4 B. H2SO4 C. KOHD. HCl

B. PHN T LUN: (7)Cu 1 (3) Hy chn cht thch hp in vo du hi (?) v lp PTHH cho cc s phn ng sau

A. ? + O2 t0 P2O5 B. Al + H2SO4 ? + H2 C. Cu + ? t0 CuO D. KMnO4 t0 K2MnO4 + ? + ?

Cu 2 (1) Gi tn cc cht c cng thc ho hc sau: P2O5, Fe2O3, Na2CO3, H2SO3.

Cu 3 (3) Cho 33,6 gam St vo bnh cha dung dch axit clohiric.

a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng.

b. Tnh khi lng cc sn phm to thnh ?

c. Nu dng ton b lng cht kh va sinh ra phn ng trn kh st (III) oxit th sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam st ?

(Cho Fe = 56 ; H = 1 ; Cl = 35,5 ; O = 16)

:

Cu 1: (2,0 im)

1.1. Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca nc. Vit PTHH minh ha ?

1.2. Khi thu kh oxi vo ng nghim bng cch y khng kh, phi v tr ng nghim nh th no? V sao? i vi kh hiro, c lm th c hay khng? V sao?

Cu 2: (2,0 im)

C cc cht sau: CuO, SO2, AlCl3, Fe(OH)3, HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, HCl. Hy cho bit hp cht no thuc loi: Oxit, Axit, Baz, Mui v gi tn cc cht trn ?

Cu 3: (1,0 im)

Th no l dung dch ? Dung dch cha bo ha ? Dung dch bo ha ? tan ca mt cht ?

Cu 4: (1,0 im)

C 3 bnh ng ring bit cc cht kh: khng kh, O2 , H2. Bng th nghim no c th bit c cht kh mi l.

Cu 5: (2,0 im) Lp phng trnh phn ng cho cc phn ng sau ? T cho bit mi phn ng thuc loi phn ng no?

1) H2 + Fe2O3 Fe + H2O

2) Fe + HCl ( FeCl2 + H2(

3) S + O2 SO2

4) Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + H2O

Cu 6: (2,0 im)

Cho 0,54 gam nhm ( Al ) tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit sunfuric (H2SO4) thu c nhm sunfat ( Al2(SO4)3 ) v gii phng kh Hiro.

a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng ?

b. Tnh khi lng ca mui nhm sunfat thu c ?

c. Tnh th tch kh hiro sinh ra (ktc) ?

( Cho bit: H = 1; Al = 27; O = 16; S = 32 ). Trc nghim khch quan (4) Hy khoanh trn vo u cu ng:

Cu 1. Nhm cc cht no sau y ch gm cc oxit?

A. CaO , NaOH , CO2 , Na2SO4 B. Fe2O3 , O3 , CaCO3 , CO2C. CaO , CO2 , Fe2O3 , SO2 D. CO2 , SO2 , Na2SO4 , Fe2O3Cu 2. Nhm cc cht no sau y u l axit?

A. HCl , HNO3 , NaOH , NaCl

B. HNO3 , SO2 , H2SO4 , Ca(OH)2C. HCl , H2SO4 , NaNO3 , HNO3 D. HNO3 , H2SO4 , HCl , H3PO4 .

Cu 3. Nhm cc cht no sau y u l baz?

A. NaOH , HCl , Ca(OH)2 , NaCl

B. Ca(OH)2 , CaO , NaOH , H2SO4C. NaOH , Ca(OH)2 , CaO , MgO

D. Mg(OH)2 ; Ca(OH)2 , KOH , NaOH.

Cu 4. Dy hp cht gm cc cht thuc loi mui l:

A. Na2O, CuSO4, KOH.

B. CaCO3, MgO, Al2(SO4)3. C. CaCO3, CaCl2, FeSO4.

D. H2SO4, CuSO4, Ca(OH)2.

II. T lun (6)

Cu 5.(3) Hy tnh nng mol ca mi dung dch sau:

a) 1 mol KCl trong 750 ml dung dch.

b) 0,5 mol MgCl2 trong 1,5 lt dung dchc) 400 gam CuSO4 trong 4 lt dung dchCu 6.(3) Cho 5,4 gam Nhm phn ng hon ton vi dung dch Axit Clohiric. Phn ng ha hc xy ra theo s sau: Al + HCl ------- AlCl3 + H2

a. Lp phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng trn.

b. Tnh th tch kh Hiro thu c ktc.

c. Tnh khi lng mui AlCl3 to thnh sau phn ng.

Cu 1: Trong cc oxit sau y: SO3,CuO, Na2O, CaO, CO2, Al2O3, MgO Oxit no tc dng c vi nc.

Cu 2: Hon thnh cc phn ng ho hc v cho bit trong cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng no hc.

1/ S + O2 - - - > SO2

3/ CaO + CO2- - - > CaCO35/ CaCO3 - - - > CaO + CO27/ Fe2O3 + CO - - - > Fe + CO2 2/ Fe + CuSO4 - - - >FeSO4 + Cu

4/ KMnO4 - - - > K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

6/ CuO + H2 - - - > Cu + H2O8/ P + O2 - - - > P2O5

Cu 3: Hon thnh cc PTP ho hc ca nhng phn ng gia cc cht sau:

a/ Mg + O2 - - - >

b/ Na + H2O - - - >

c/ P2O5 + H2O - - - > d/ H2O - - - > +

/ KClO3 - - - > +

e/ Fe + H2SO4 - - - > +

Cu 4: Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din cc bin ho sau v cho bit mi phn ng thuc loi phn ng no?

a/ Na Na2O NaOH

b/ P P2O5 H3PO4

c/ KMnO4 O2 CuO H2O KOH

d/ CaCO3 CaO Ca(OH)2 CaCO3

Cu 5: Cho cc CTHH sau: Al2O3, SO3, CO2, CuO, H2SO4, KOH, Ba(OH)2, ZnSO4, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, K2HPO4, Ca(HSO4)2, H3PO4, CaCl2. Hy cho bit mi cht trn thuc loi hp cht no? Gi tn tng hp cht.

Cu 6: C 3 bnh ng ring bit cc cht kh: Khng kh, O2, H2. Bng cch no nhn bit c cc cht trong mi l.

Cu 7: C 4 l mt nhn ng ring bit : dd axit HCl, dd baz NaOH, dd mui n NaCl, nc ct. Bng cch no nhn bit c cc cht trong mi l.

Cu 8 : C 3 bnh ng ring bit cc dung dch trong sut sau: dd NaOH, dd axit HCl, dd Ca(OH)2. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit mi dung dch cho?

BI TON:

Bi 1: t chy 6,2g Photpho trong bnh cha 6,72lt (ktc) kh oxi to thnh iphotphopentaoxit (P2O5). Tnh khi lng P2O5 to thnh.

Bi 2: Kh 12 g St (III) oxit bng kh Hiro.

a) Tnh th tch kh Hiro ( ktc) cn dng.

b) Tnh khi lng st thu c sau phn ng.

Bi 3. Cho 19,5g Zn tc dng vi dung dch axitsunfuric long.

a) Tnh khi lng km sunfat thu c sau phn ng.

b) Tnh th tch kh Hiro thu c (ktc).

c) Nu dng ton b lng hir bay ra trn em kh 16g bt CuO nhit cao th cht no cn d? d bao nhiu gam?

Bi 4. Cho bit khi lng mol mt oxit kim loi l 160 gam thnh phn v khi lng ca kim loi trong oxit l 70% . Lp cng thc ho hc ca oxit. Gi tn oxit

Bi 5: Ho tan 19,5 g km bng dung dich axit clohiric

a) Th tch kh H2 sinh ra (ktc)?

b) Nu dng th tch H2 trn kh 19,2 g st III oxit th thu c bao nhiu g st?

Bi 6: Cho 60,5 g hn hp gm hai kim loi Zn v Fe tc dng vi dung dch axit clohric . Thnh phn phn trm ca st trong hn hp l 46,289% . Hy xc nh:

a) Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?

b) Th tch kh H2 sinh ra ( ktc).

c) Khi lng cc mui to thnh sau phn ng .

Bi 7: Cho 22,4 g st tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long cha 24,5 g H2SO4

a) Tnh th tch kh H2 thu c ktc?

b) Cht no tha sau phn ng v tha bao nhiu gam?

Bi 8: Cho 200 g dung dch NaOH 20% tc dng va ht vi 100 g dung dch HCl . Tnh:

a) Nng mui thu c sau phn ng?.

b) Tnh nng axit HCl . Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton?.

Bi 9: Cho 5,6 g st vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M . Hy:

a) Tnh lng kh H2 to ra ktc?

b) Cht no cn d sau phn ng v lng d l bao nhiu?

Nng cc cht sau phn ng?

Bi 10: t chy 2,8 lit kh hiro trong khng kh

a) Tnh th tch v khi lng ca kh oxi cn dng?

b) Tnh khi lng nc thu c (Th tch cc kh o ktc).

Bi 11: Cho 22,4 lit kh hiro tc dung vi 16,8 lit kh oxi . Tnh khi nc thu c. ( Th tch cc kh o ktc).

Bi 12: Kh hon ton 48 gam ng (II) oxit bng kh H2 nhit cao

a) Tnh s gam ng kim loi thu c?

b) Tnh th tch kh H2 (ktc) cn dng?

Bi 13: Cho mt hn hp cha 4,6 g natri v 3,9 g kali tc dng vi nc .

a) Tnh th tch kh hiro thu c (ktc ) ?

b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch bit khi lng nc l 91,5 g?Bi 14: 20o C, khi ha tan 60 gam KNO3 vo 190 nc th thu c dung dch bo ha. Tnh tan ca KNO3 nhit ?

Bi 15: Tnh nng % ca dung dch khi ha tan 5 gam NaCl vo 120 gam nc.

Bi 16: Tnh nng mol ca dd khi ha tan 16 gam NaOH vo nc c 200 ml dd

Bi 17: Nu tinh cht hoa hoc cua oxi, hidro, nc. vit pthh minh hoa

Bi 18. Cho 10,8 g Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 10,95% ( va )

a. Tnh th tch kh thot ra (ktc)?

b. Tnh nng phn trm ca cht c trong dung dch sau khi phn ng kt thc?Bi 19. Cho 10,8 g Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 2M ( va )

a. Tnh th tch kh thot ra (ktc)?

b. Tnh nng mol ca cht c trong dung dch sau khi phn ng kt thc?B. BI TP THAM KHO.

I. BI TP L THUYT.

Cu 1: Trong cc oxit sau y: SO3,CuO, Na2O, CaO, CO2, P2O5, BaO, Al2O3, MgO. Oxit no tc dng c vi nc.Vit cc phng trnh ha hc.

cu 2: Hy vit cng thc ha hc ca nhng cht c tn gi sau:

Axit sunfuric; Axit sunfur; st (II) hiroxit ; kali hirocacbonat; magie clorua; nhm sunfat; natri oxit; kali hidroxit iphotpho pentaoxit, Canxi ihirophotphat.

Cu 3: Hon thnh cc phn ng ho hc v cho bit trong cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng no hc.

1/ S + O2 - - - > SO2

3/ CaO + CO2- - - > CaCO35/ CaCO3 - - - > CaO + CO27/ Fe2O3 + CO - - - > Fe + CO2 2/ Fe + CuSO4 - - - >FeSO4 + Cu

4/ KMnO4 - - - > K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

6/ CuO + H2 - - - > Cu + H2O8/ P + O2 - - - > P2O5

Cu 4: Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc sau v cho bit chng thuc loi phn ng no?

a) P + O2

h) K2O + H2O

b) CaO + H2O

k) Ca + H2O

c) SO3 + H2O

l) Al + HCl

d) Na + H2O

m) Zn + HCl

e) H2 + CuO

n) Fe + H2SO4

f) Fe + O2

i) P2O5 + H2O

g) H2 + Fe2O3

j) H2 + O2

Cu 5: Vit phng trnh ho hc biu din cc bin ho sau v cho bit mi phn ng thuc loi phn ng no?

a/ Na Na2O NaOH

b/ P P2O5 H3PO4

c/ KMnO4 O2 CuO H2O KOH

d/ CaCO3 CaO Ca(OH)2 CaCO3

Cu 6: Cho cc CTHH sau: Al2O3, SO3, CO2, CuO, H2SO4, KOH, Ba(OH)2, ZnSO4, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, K2HPO4, Ca(HSO4)2, H3PO4, CaCl2. Hy cho bit mi cht trn thuc loi hp cht no? Gi tn tng hp cht.

Cu 7: C 3 l mt nhn ng ring bit : dd axit HCl, dd baz NaOH, dd mui n NaCl. Bng cch no nhn bit c cc cht trong mi l.

II. BI TON:

Bi 1: t chy 6,2g Photpho trong bnh cha 6,72lt (ktc) kh oxi to thnh iphotphopentaoxit (P2O5). Tnh khi lng P2O5 to thnh.

Bi 2: Kh 12 g St (III) oxit bng kh Hiro.

c) Tnh th tch kh Hiro ( ktc) cn dng.

d) Tnh khi lng st thu c sau phn ng.

Bi 3. Cho 19,5g Zn tc dng vi dung dch axitsunfuric long.

a) Tnh khi lng km sunfat thu c sau phn ng.b) Tnh th tch kh Hiro thu c (ktc).

c) Nu dng ton b lng hir bay ra trn em kh 16g bt CuO nhit cao th cht no cn d? d bao nhiu gam?

Bi 4: Ho tan 19,5 g km bng dung dich axit clohiric

c) Th tch kh H2 sinh ra (ktc)?

d) Nu dng th tch H2 trn kh 19,2 g st III oxit th thu c bao nhiu g st?

Bi 6: Cho 60,5 g hn hp gm hai kim loi Zn v Fe tc dng vi dung dch axit clohric . Thnh phn phn trm ca st trong hn hp l 46,289% . Hy xc nh:

d) Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?

e) Th tch kh H2 sinh ra ( ktc).

f) Khi lng cc mui to thnh sau phn ng .

Bi 7: Cho 22,4 g st tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long cha 24,5 g H2SO4

c) Tnh th tch kh H2 thu c ktc?

d) Cht no tha sau phn ng v tha bao nhiu gam?

Bi 8: Cho 200 g dung dch NaOH 20% tc dng va ht vi 100 g dung dch HCl . Tnh:

c) Nng mui thu c sau phn ng?.

d) Tnh nng axit HCl . Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton?.

Bi 9: Cho 5,6 g st vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M . Hy:

c) Tnh lng kh H2 to ra ktc?

d) Cht no cn d sau phn ng v lng d l bao nhiu?

Nng mol cc cht sau phn ng?

Bi 10: t chy 2,8 lit kh hiro trong khng kh

c) Tnh th tch v khi lng ca kh oxi cn dng?

d) Tnh khi lng nc thu c (Th tch cc kh o ktc).

Bi 11: Cho 22,4 lit kh hiro tc dung vi 16,8 lit kh oxi . Tnh khi nc thu c. ( Th tch cc kh o ktc).

Bi 12: Kh hon ton 48 gam ng (II) oxit bng kh H2 nhit cao

c) Tnh s gam ng kim loi thu c?

d) Tnh th tch kh H2 (ktc) cn dng?

Bi 13: Cho mt hn hp cha 4,6 g natri v 3,9 g kali tc dng vi nc .

c) Tnh th tch kh hiro thu c (ktc ) ?

d) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch bit khi lng nc l 91,5 g?

Bi 14: 20o C, khi ha tan 60 gam KNO3 vo 190 nc th thu c dung dch bo ha. Tnh tan ca KNO3 nhit ?

Bi 15: Tnh nng % ca dung dch khi ha tan 5 gam NaCl vo 120 gam nc.

Bi 16: Tnh nng mol ca dd khi ha tan 16 gam NaOH vo nc c 200 ml dd

Bi 18. Cho 10,8 g Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 10,95% ( va )

a. Tnh th tch kh thot ra (ktc)?

b. Tnh nng phn trm ca cht c trong dung dch sau khi phn ng kt thc?Bi 19. Cho 10,8 g Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 2M ( va )

a. Tnh th tch kh thot ra (ktc)?

b. Tnh nng mol ca cht c trong dung dch sau khi phn ng kt thc? CNG N TP HC K 2 MN HA HC 8

A.TM TT KIN THC C BN:

CHNG IV: OXI KHNG KH

I.TNH CHT CA OXI:

1. Tnh cht vt l: Oxi l cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, t tan trong nc, nng hn khng kh. Oxi ha lng -183 0C . Oxi lng c mu xanh nht.

2. Tnh cht ha hc: Kh oxi l 1 n cht phi kim rt hot ng, c bit nhit cao, d dng tham gia phn ng ha hc vi nhiu phi kim, nhiu kim loi v hp cht. Trong cc hp cht ha hc, nguyn t oxi c ha tr II.V d:

II. S OXI HA PHN NG HO HP - NG DNG CA OXI:

1. S tc dng ca oxi vi 1 cht l s oxi ha

2. Phn ng ho hp l phn ng ha hc trong ch c 1 cht mi (sn phm) c to thnh t hai hay nhiu cht ban u.

V d:

3.ng dng ca oxi: Kh oxi cn cho s h hp ca ngi v ng vt, cn t nhin liu trong i sng v sn xut.III.OXIT:

1.nh ngha oxit: Oxit l hp cht ca 2 nguyn t, trong c 1 nguyn t l oxi

Vd: K2O, Fe2O3, SO3, CO2.

2.Cng thc dng chung ca oxit MxOy- M: k hiu mt nguyn t khc (c ha tr n)

- Cng thc MxOy theo ng quy tc v ha tr. n.x = II.y

3. Phn loi: Gm 2 loi chnh: oxit axit v oxit baz

Vd: Oxit axit: CO2, SO3, P2O5. Oxit baz: K2O,CaO, ZnO

4. Cch gi tn oxit : a. Oxit baz: Tn oxit = tn kim loi(km theo ha tr) + oxit.VD: K2O: kali oxit CuO: ng (II) oxit

b. Oxit axitTn oxit = tn phi kim (km tin t ch s nguyn t phi kim) + oxit (km tin t ch s nguyn t oxi)

VD: N2O5: init pentaoxit SiO2: silic ioxit IV. IU CH OXI PHN NG PHN HY:

1/ iu ch kh oxi trong phng th nghim:

- Nhit phn nhng cht giu oxi v d b phn hy ra oxi (KMnO4, KClO3 )

- Cch thu: + y khng kh + y nc.

PTP:

2. Sn xut kh oxi trong cng nghip: dng nc hoc khng kh. - Cch iu ch: + Ho lng khng kh nhit thp v p sut cao, sau cho khng kh lng bay hi s thu c kh nit -1960C sau l kh oxi -1830C

+ in phn nc

3. Phn ng phn hy: l phn ng ho hc trong 1 cht sinh ra hai hay nhiu cht mi.

Vd:

- Nhn ra kh O2 bng tn m , O2 lm tn m bng chy.V.KHNG KH S CHY:

1.Thnh phn ca khng kh: khng kh l hn hp nhiu cht kh. Thnh phn theo th tch ca khng kh l: 78 % kh nit, 21% kh oxi, 1% cc cht kh khc ( kh cacbonic, hi nc, kh him)

2. S chy: l s oxi ha c ta nhit v pht sng

3. S oxi ho chm: l s oxi ha c ta nhit nhng khng pht sngCHNG V: HIRO NC

I. TNH CHT CA HIRO :

1. Tnh cht vt l: Hiro l cht kh, khng mu, khng mi, tan rt t trong nc, nh nht trong cc kh2. Tnh cht ha hc: Kh hiro c tnh kh, nhit thch hp, hiro khng nhng kt hp c vi n cht oxi, m n cn c th kt hp vi nguyn t oxi trong 1 s oxit kim loi. Cc phn ng ny u ta nhiu nhit.

VD: a/ b/

II. IU CH KH HIRO PHN NG TH:

1. Trong phng th nghim: Kh H2 c iu ch bng cch cho axit ( HCl hoc H2SO4 long) tc dng vi kim loi km (hoc st, nhm)PTHH:

- Thu kh H2 bng cch y nc hay y khng kh.

- Nhn ra kh H2 bng que m ang chy, H2 chy vi ngn la mu xanh 2/ Trong cng nghip:

- in phn nc:

- Kh oxi ca H2O trong kh than: 3.Phn ng th: L phn ng ha hc gia n cht v hp cht, trong nguyn t ca n cht thay th nguyn t ca 1 nguyn t khc trong hp chtVD: Fe +H2SO4 ( FeSO4+H2IV. NC: 1.Thnh phn ha hc ca nc:Nc l hp cht to bi 2 nguyn t l hiro v oxi.

- Chng ha hp:

+ Theo t l v th tch l 2 phn hiro v 1 phn oxi

+ Theo t l v khi lng l 1 phn hiro v 8 phn oxi

2. Tnh cht ca nc:

a/ Tnh cht vt l: Nc l cht lng, khng mu, khng mi, khng v, si 1000C, ha rn 00C,

d =1g/ml, ha tan c nhiu cht rn, lng, khb. Tnh cht ha hc:

1,Tc dng vi kim loi: Nc tc dng vi 1 s kim loi nhit thng ( nh Na, K, Ca,) to thnh baz v hiro. Vd:

2,Tc dng vi 1 s oxit baz- Nc tc dng vi 1 s oxit baz to thnh baz. Dung dch baz lm i mu qu tm thnh xanh.VD:

3, Tc dng vi 1 s oxit axit:

- Nc tc dng vi 1 s oxit axit to thnh axit. Dung dch axit lm i mu qu tm thnh .VD:

V. AXIT BAZ MUI:

1. AXIT:

1. nh ngha:Axit l hp cht m phn t gm 1 hay nhiu nguyn t hiro lin kt vi gc axit2. Phn loi v gi tn:

a. Axit khng c oxi: HCl, H2S, HBr, HF

Tn axit = Axit + tn phi kim + hiric VD: HCl: axit clohiricb. Axit c oxi: H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, H2CO3..Axit c nhiu nguyn t oxi:Tn axit = Axit + tn phi kim + ic

VD: H2SO4: axit sunfuric Axit c t nguyn t oxi:Tn axit = Axit + tn phi kim +

VD: H2SO3: axit sunfur

2. BAZ:

a. nh ngha: Baz l hp cht m phn t gm 1 nguyn t kim loi lin kt vi 1 hay nhiu nhm hiroxit (- OH)

b. Phn loi v gi tn:

- Da vo tnh tan trong nc, baz chia lm 2 loi:

+ Baz tan gi l kim ( Vd: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2,..)

+ Baz khng tan (Vd: Cu(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3,..) - Tn baz = tn kim loi (km ha tr nu kim loi c nhiu ha tr) + hirxit.

VD: NaOH : natri hiroxit Fe(OH)3 : st (III) hiroxit

3. MUI:

a. nh ngha: Mui l hp cht m phn t gm c nguyn t kim loi lin kt vi gc axitb. Phn loi v gi tn:

- Da vo thnh phn phn t, mui chia lm 2 loi:

+ Mui trung ha: l mui m trong gc axit khng c nguyn t hiro (Vd: NaCl, CaCO3,)

+ Mui axit: l mui m trong gc axit cn c nguyn t hiro (Vd: NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4,)

- Tn mui = tn kim loi (km ha tr nu kim loi nhiu ha tr) + tn gc axit

VD: Al2(SO4)3 : nhm sunfat KHCO3: kali hirocacbonat

CHNG VI: DUNG DCH

I. DUNG DCH:

- Dung dch l hn hp ng nht ca dung mi v cht tan

- nhit xc nh:

+ Dung dch cha bo ha l dung dch c th ha tan thm cht tan

Dung dch bo ha l dung dch khng th ha tan thm cht tan

- Mun cht rn tan nhanh trong nc, ta thc hin 1, 2 hoc c 3 bin php sau:khuy dung dch, un nng dung dch, nghin nh cht rn.

II. TAN CA MT CHT TRONG NC:

- tan (S) ca 1 cht l s gam cht tan c trong 100g nc to thnh dung dch bo ha 1 nhit xc nh.

- tan ca cht rn s tng nu tng nhit . tan ca cht kh s tng nu gim nhit v tng p sut

III. NNG DUNG DCH:

- Nng phn trm cho bit s gam cht tan c trong 100g dung dch:

- Nng mol cho bit s mol cht tan trong 1 lt dung dch:

B/. BI TP:

DNG 1: HON THNH PTHH

1. Hon thnh nhng phn ng ha hc sau:

a) . . . + . . . MgO

b) . . . + . . . P2O5

c) . . . + . . . Al2O3

e) H2O . . . + . . .

f) KClO3 . . . + . . .

g) KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + . . .

h) Mg + HCl . . . + . . .

i) Al + H2SO4 . . . + . . .

j) H2 + . . . Cu + . . .

k) CaO + H2O . . .

Cho bit mi phn ng ha hc trn thuc loi phn ng ho hc no?

2. a. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:

P + O2 P2O5

SO2 + O2 SO3

Al + O2 Al2O3

C2H4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

b. Cho bit vai tr ca oxi trong cc phn ng trn.

DNG 2:NHN BIT CHT ,PHN LOI CHT V TCH CHT1.Phn loi, gi tn cc hp cht sau: H2S, Ca(OH)2, FeCl2, Ca(H2PO4)2 P2O5, Fe2O32. Hy phn bit cc cht sau:

a. C 4 bnh ng ring bit cc kh sau: khng kh, kh oxi, kh hiro, kh cacbonic

b. C 3 l mt nhn ng dung dch NaOH, H2SO4, Na2SO4

c. C 3 gi bt mt nhn cha cc cht sau: Na2O, SO3, MgO

3.Hn hp gm bt: nhm,st,ng.Hy trnh by cch tch ring tng cht .

DNG 3:TNH THEO CTHH

1.Xc nh phn trm v khi lng ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht: Fe3O4;K2SO4.

2.Hp cht X c thnh phn cc nguyn t: 43,3%Na ;11,3%C v 45,3%O.Xc nh CTPT ca X,bit phn t khi bng 106.

3. Khi lng mol ca 1 oxit kim loi l 160gam, thnh phn v khi lng ca kim loi trong oxit l 70%. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca oxit?

4. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca nhm oxit, bit t l khi lng ca 2 nguyn t nhm v oxi bng 4,5: 4.

5. Mt oxit ca lu hunh trong oxi chim 60% v khi lng. Tm cng thc phn t ca oxit ?DNG 4: TNH THEO PTHH

1. Cho 8,1 g Al tc dng va vi dung dch HCl

a) Hon thnh phng trnh ho hc.

b) Tnh th tch kh hiro to thnh ( ktc)

c) Tnh khi lng AlCl3 to thnh. (Bit Al = 27, H = 1, O = 16, Cl = 35,5).

2.Cho 9,2g Na vo nc d th thu c dung dch NaOH v kh H2. Tnh th tch kh H2 (ktc) thot ra v khi lng NaOH to thnh?

3. Cho 13 gam km phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HCl.

1. Vit phng trnh ho hc

2. Tnh th tch kh hidro sinh ra (ktc)

3. Nu dng ton b lng H2 bay ra trn em kh 12 gam bt CuO nhit cao th cht no cn d bao nhiu gam ? ( Zn = 65 ; Cl = 35,5 ; Cu = 64 ; O = 16 ; H= 1 )

4. Cho 13 gam Zn tc dng vi dung dch c cha 18,25 gam HCl.

a) Tnh xem cht no cn d sau phn ng v khi lng d l bao nhiu ?

b) Tnh khi lng ZnCl2 to thnh sau phn ng.

c) Tnh th tch kh H2 thu c ktc. (Cho Zn = 65; H = 1; O = 16; Cl = 35,5)

5. Cho 19,5g km tc dng ht vi dung dch axit clohiric. Hy cho bit:

a. Tnh th tch kh H2 (ktc) thu c

b. Nu dng th tch kh H2 trn kh 19,2g st (III) oxit th thu c bao nhiu gam st?

DNG 5:BI TP C LIN QUAN N NNG DUNG DCH1. Hy tnh s mol v s gam cht tan trong mi dung dch sau:

a/ 500ml dung dch KNO3 2M

b/ 250ml dung dch CaCl2 0,1M

2. Tnh nng % ca nhng dung dch sau:

a. 20g KCl trong 600g dung dch

c. Ha tan 15g NaCl vo 45g nc

3. Cho 5,6 g st vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M . Hy:

e) Tnh lng kh H2 to ra ktc?

f) Cht no cn d sau phn ng v lng d l bao nhiu?

g) Tnh nng cc cht sau phn ng?

4. Cho a gam kim loi Km vo 400 ml dung dch HCl. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,24 lt kh Hiro ( ktc).

a) Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra.

b) Tnh a.

c) Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch HCl tham gia phn ng.

DNG 6:XC NH CTHH DA VO PTHH

1. Cho 7,2g mt kim loi ho tr II phn ng hon ton 100 ml dung dch HCl 6M. Xc nh tn kim loi dng.

2.t chy hon ton 7,2 g kim loi R c ha tr II thu c 12 g oxit. Xc nh tn nguyn t R trn.

3.Cho 7,2g mt kim loi M cha r ha tr , phn ng hon ton vi 21,9 g HCl . Xc nh tn kim loi dng.

C.MT S THAM KHO S 1:

I. L THUT:(7 im)Cu 1(1.5im) Trnh by tnh cht ha hc ca nc ? Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha? Cu 2 (1.0im) Hy nhn bit cc cht sau b mt nhn: Natri hiroxit NaOH, axit clohiric HCl, nc H2O?

Cu 3 (2.0im) Hy gi tn v phn loi cc cht c cng thc ha hc sau:

MgCl2 , Fe(OH)3, SO3 , H2SO4.

Cu 4 (2.5im) Cho cc phng trnh ha hc sau

a) ? + 2O2 Fe3O4

b) H2 + CuO Cu + ?c) ?H2O ? + O2

d) ?Al + ?HCl ( 2AlCl3 + ?a/ Hy hon thnh v phn loi cc phn ng trn?

b/ Phn ng no dng iu ch hiro trong phng th nghim?

II.BI TON: (3im)Cho 3,25 gam Km tc dng ht vi dung dch axit Clohiric to ra Km clorua ZnCl2 v kh hiro.

a/ Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng?

b/ Tnh th tch dung dch axit clohiric 0.5M phn ng ?

c/ Cho mt hn hp gm nhm v st tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 thy thot ra kh Hiro ng bng lng Hiro thu c phn ng trn. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp, bit s mol ca hai kim loi ny trong hn hp bng nhau ?

( Cho O = 16; Al = 27; Fe = 56; Zn = 65)

---------------------------HT---------------------------

S 2:

Cu 1 :( 1 ) a) Oxit l g ? b) Trong cc oxit sau: CaO, CO2 , MgO, SO2 , P2O5, Fe3O4 .

- Oxit no thuc oxit axit.

- Oxit no thuc oxit baz.

Cu 2 (2)

Vit cc PTHH theo s bin ha sau (ghi iu kin phn ng nu c).

Cu -> CuO -> H2O -> H2SO4 -> H2.

Cu 3 : ( 3 )

a. Cho bit cc cht di y thuc loi hp cht no ? Vit cng thc cc cht : Natrihirxit; Axit photphoric; Natri Clorua;

b. Cho cc cht sau: K; BaO; SO2 u tc dng c vi nc.Vit phng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra?

c. Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc l dung dch mt nhn sau : NaCl; NaOH; H2SO4Cu 4 : (2)

Trong phng th nghim oxit st t (Fe3O4) c iu ch bng cch dng oxi oxi ha st nhit cao.

a. Tnh khi lng st v th tch kh oxi ( ktc) cn thit iu ch c 3,48 gam oxit st t.

b. c c lng oxi trn cn phi phn hy bao nhiu gam kaliclorat?

Cu 5: (1,5)

a. Trong 200 ml dung dch c ha tan 16 gam CuSO4. Hy tnh nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4?

b. Dung dch H2SO4 c nng 14 %. Hy tnh khi lng H2SO4 c trong 150 gam dung dch?

Cu 6: (0,5 )

t chy hon ton 7,2 g kim loi R c ha tr II thu c 12 g oxit. Xc nh tn nguyn t R trn.(Cho bit Fe : 56; O : 16; K : 39; Cl: 35,5; Al : 27; H : 1 )

Trng THCS M Thnh 15 Nm hc :2013 - 2014

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