Diagnostico GIGANTONES

7/21/2019 Diagnostico GIGANTONES

1/34

HMD\NDKLM

Kdtrmluhhkd

Urmimhkd 1

Hmmrlkd`hkd 1

Vnhmcnhhkd y dcksks ln c` kdamri`hkd 1

H`p`hkt`hkd 2

Vnsn` bkstrkh` ;

d!cksks "mhkm#nhmdikhm 00

Jndnr`ckl`lns 06

Nstruhtur` pmc`hkmd`c 0!

"k#ncln $dstruhhkd 0>

%k#kndl` 01

Urmluhhkd y nhmdmi&` 0'

(ndndhk` ln c` tknrr` 0'

Jrupms prkdhkp`cns ln mhup`hkd 02

)k#kskd ln tr``*m pmr sn+m 02

H`tn,mr&` ln mhup`hkd 0;

"-inrm ln tr``*`lmrns pmr .m,`r 6/

$d,rnsms a`ikck`rns 6/

$dar`nstruhtur` hmiudkt`rk` 66

5k,r`hkd 6!

r,`dk`hkd 669>L smd .mirns9 ns lnhkr n+kstnd is .mirns9

un iu*nrns9 ` pns`r ln un sn l`d prmhnsms ik,r`tmrkms9 nd indmr nsh`c`4

Jrakhm 0

Umc`hkd pmr J3dnrm

U`r` nc `m 6/60 y i`dtndkndlm nc rktim `htu`c ln hrnhkikndtm c` hmiudkl`l hmdt`r&` hmd.`kt`dtns4

7n,-d nst`l&stkh`s ln *udkm lnc 6//09 ' ln h`l` 0/ ik,r`dtns ln c` prm#kdhk` lnc u`y sn

ndhundtr`d nd Nst`lms @dklms9 lmdln nc prminlkm ln kd,rnsm indsu`c ns ln 046// lc`rns

indsu`cns9 ln cms hu`cns nd#&`d ln


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prminlkm ln < iknirms pmr .m,`r :#nr hu`lrm "m4 04 Hmd nstms l`tms tr``*`rnims nc

`dcksks rnst`dtn4

H-LVM Dm +

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; UM(6HK.D UMV "N*M

UM(6HKMD \M\6 UMV "N*MLnshrk%hkd Duinrm Umrhndt`on

B5KVN7 ;1 >0L5@ENVN7 ;6

.m,`rns ndhunst`lms9 ; tkndnd iknirms indmrns ln hkdhm `ms4 N+kstkndlm .m,`rns hmd

.`st` 1 iknirms `*m nst` nl`l9 cm un sui` ud tmt`c ln 60 indmrns ln hkdhm `ms9 cm hu`c

rnprnsndt`d nc 0090'L lnc udk#nrsm tmt`c4

V`d pmr c` hu`c ns ur,ndtn in*mr`r nc skstni` ln `,u` n+kstndtn9 lmt`dlm `s& ln `,u` sn,ur`

` c` hmiudkl`l ln Jk,`dtmdns Vkrh`y9 #nr hu`lrm "m4 64

H-LVM D? /8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; UM(6HKMD 0NDMV LN ' 7M"

D3inrm Umrhndt`onBm,`rns hmd ud O > `ms < 009 `ms 6 >9'0Bm,`rns hmd is ln ! O ln >

`ms

! 29>'


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Bm,`rns skd O> `ms 61 ' 0//L8@N"(N= Ndhunst` smhkmnhmdikh`9 lkhknifrn 655>

N?KVH$"= Nukpm hmdsuctmr

8r`)khm 9 /

Umfc`hkd indmr ln ' `ms

11 Nluh`hkd

Jk,`dtmdns Vkrh`y9 hundt` hmd ud` nshunc` ln snks ,r`lms9 nd trns `uc`s9 lndmikd`l` G5`dunc5`cm HrnspmG9 audl`l` nd 04;2/ hundt` hmd prki`rk` hmipcnt`9 lms prmansmr s y !> `cuidms9

ln cms hu`cns 0> :'90'L ln c` pmc`hkd dm tkndn dkd,-d

dk#nc ln kdstruhhkd9 nc 16921L tkndn prki`rk` hmipcnt F nc 6/L snhudl rk` y nc 29>'L

supnrkmr9 #nr hu`lrm "I!D

H-LVM Dm 1 `UM(6HK.D LN 4 7M" 2 0:" UMV DK=N6 LN KD"\V-HHK.D

DK=N6 LN KD"\V-HHK.D UM(6HK.D E"$"J@" ! 29>'

UV$5V$ H5U?N( 66 169217NH@")V$ H5U?N( ' 6/7@UNV$V ! 29>((? !> 0//L


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8@N"(N= Ndhunst` smhkmnhmdikh`9 lkhknifrn 655>

N?KVH$"= Nukpm hmdsuctmr

)n `hunrlm `c hu`lrm !9 sn nst`cnhn un nd Jk,`dtmdns nc 0296>L ln c` pmc`hkd ns

`d`ca`nt`9 prnlmikd`dlm nc `d`ca`ntksim nd c`s iu*nrns9 nc pmrhndt`*n rnst`dtn s`n cnnr ynshrkkr4

H-LVM D? 1f

UM(6HK.D D6@(N\ 2 6@(N\H\N8MV/L ln c`s #k#kndl`s ln Jk,`dtmdns Vkrh`y smd ln `lmn y >/L ln hmdstruhhkd ik+t`9

hmd tnh.ms ln tn*` y pksm ln i`lnr`9 3st`s h`rnhnd ln `,u` sn,ur` y cntrk d`s4 Umr cm ,ndnr`c

tkndnd < hu`rtms9 ln cms hu`cns udm lnstkd` `c` hmhkd`9 0 s`c` y lms lmriktmrkms4

)n `hunrlm ` cms l`tms mtndklms9 sn nst`cnhn un n+kstn ud prminlkm ln < iknirms pmr.m,`r9 un hmip`rtnd udm m lms lmriktmrkms i+kim4 Nst`s nd su i`ymr&` 6; :26921L smd

prmpk`s9 cm un a`hkckt` c` p`rtkhkp`hkd nd nc prmynhtm9 puns `pnd`s 6 :>9'0L smd prnst`l`s y

< :009


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8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; M8VN" "N8D \NDNDHK LN 6

=K=KNDL\NDNDHK LN 6 =K=KNDL Dm M8VN" EUVU$ 6; 26921

UV 7NV%$H$7 < 009

UVN7() 6 >9'0

\M\6 1' +FF,FF

A^ND\N? Ndhunst`s smhkmnhmdikh`s , lkhknifrn 655>NC@FMV@H!D? N"uk#m hmdsu$tmr

1' Urmluhhkd $ nhmdmi`

!4>404 Jrupms ln mhup`hkd4 ?` prkdhkp`c aundtn ln `htk#kl`l nhmdikh` ns c` `,rkhuctur`9

hmd prmluhtms ln hkhcm hmrtm hmim i`&9 ar3*mc9 yuh`9 hìmtn9 hà39 d`r`d*`9 h``9 ndtrn mtr`s

lnlkh`lms nd su i`ymr p`rtn `c ùtmhmdsuim4 7kd ni`r,m ln cms l`tms mtndklms sn nst`cnhn

un nc 1/L ln cms *nans ln .m,`r sn lnlkh`d ` c` `,rkhuctur`9 nc 0'90< L ` c` hmdstruhhkd9

ikndtr`s un nc pmrhndt`*n rnst`dtn sn lnlkh` ` c`mrns prmanskmd`c99 hminrhk`dtns9 H.manrns y

nipcn`lms aunr` lnc p`&s 9 #nr hu`lrm "I4 >

H-LVM Dm '

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; 5N@N LN M8V "N8D H\K=KLL

NHMD.0KHH\K=KLL NHMD.0KH 5N@N LN M8V EJV$H@?(@V 60 1/H"7(V@HH$" 1 0'90 )55*

A^ND\N? Ndhunst`s smhkmnhmdikh`s, lkhknifrn 655>NC@FMV@H!D? N"uk#m hmdsu$tmr

1'& D3inrm ln tr`fò`lmrns#)n `hunrlm ` l`tms mtndklms9 nd !> .m,`rns ndhunst`lms9

sn nst`cnhn un 2/ pnrsmd`s ndtrn .mirns y iu*nrns tr``*`d9 cm un kipckh` un nd nst`

hmiudkl`l n+kstn ud prminlkm ln 69! tr``*`lmrns pmr .m,`r4

)n c` kdamri`hkd hmrrmmr`l` nd cms ,rupms amh`cns9 sn .` lkh.m un c` rnc`hkd ln tr``*m

.mirns y iu*nrns nd c` md` ns k,u`c4 ?m un dm kipckh` un sus `htk#kl`lns sn`d

rniudnr`l`s9 dk hmdsklnr`l`s hmim prkdhkp`cns9 skdm hmipcnindt`rk`s m ln skipcn `yul` nd nc

.m,`r9 #nr hu`lrm "m

4 '

1'' Kdjrnsms )ìkck`rns#?`s prkdhkp`cns aundtns ln kd,rnsm9 prm#kndnd ln c` `,rkhuctur` nd

c` md` nc kd,rnsm ns iuy `*m9 sn ndtrn`yul`d hmd c` #ndt` ln `dki`cns indmrns y ln hknrtms

prmluhtms hmim i`&9 ar3*mc9 p`p`s9 yuh`9 hìmtn y h.krkimy`4

H-LVM Dm J8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; Dm \V(5LMVN" UMV M8VDm \V( UMV M8V Dm M8VN" \M\6 \V(5

0 06 0!

6 0' !


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1 0 1

0/ 0 0/

\M\6 1' BFA^ND\N? Ndhunst`s smhkmnhmdikh`s, lkhknifrn 655>NC@FMV@H!D? N"uk#m hmdsu$tmr

?ms kd,rnsms aìkck`rns smd i`dn*`lms pmr c` p`rn*`9 puns smd cms lms ukndns ,ndnr`cindtn

sn pmdnd ln `hunrlm nd cms ,`stms ln `ckindt`hkd9 nluh`hkd y prmluhhkd4 )n `hunrlm `c

hu`lrm "m4 29 sn nst`cnhn un cms kd,rnsms indsu`cns mshkc`d ndtrn >/ ` !>/ lc`rns ln 6/ ` 1>/ lc`rns > aìkck sF ln 1>/ ` 04/// lc`rns ! aìkck`s y ln 0/// ` >4!//

lc`rns ! aìkck`s4

H-LVM Dm B

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; KD8VN"M 0ND"-6 UMV M8V

ND LM6VN"

KD8VN"M 0ND"-6 D#M8VN" \M\6 KD8VN"M">/ 0 >/

'< 0 '

66/ 0 66/6!/ 0 6!/

6>/ 6 >//

61/ 0 61/

6'/ 0 > 0 62>


18/34

!// 0 !//

!6/ 0 !6/

!>/ 0 !>/

!//

((? !> 0;>2NC@FMV@H!D? N"uk#m hmdsu$tmr

?ms kd,rnsms un pnrhknd c` i`ymr&` ln .m,`rns ln nst` hmiudkl`l smd `*ms9 skd ni r,m9

ns pmskcn ln `c,ud` i`dnr` smstndnr nc .m,`r ndtrn`yuldlmsn hmd c` prmluhhkd `,r&hmc` un

s`cn ln c` md` y hmd cms `dki`cns indmrns un ns hmstuirn tndnr nd h`l` h`s`4

$,u`cindtn cms n,rnsms un rn`ck`d c` i`ymr&` ln c`s a`ikck`s ln Jk,`dtmdns Vkrh`y ,u`rl`drnc`hkd hmd cms kd,rnsms9 cms iksims un mshkc`d ndtrn >/ y !>/ lc`rns indsu`cns4 Nd nstms

n,rnsms dm sn hmdt`kck` nc hmstm ln `ckindtms prmpkms ln c` md`4

14 Kd)r`nstruhtur` Hmiudkt`rk`

?` hmiudkl`l ln Jk,`dtmdns Vkrh`y hundt` hmd c` sk,ukndtn kdar`nstruhtur` hmiudkt`rk`4

14+ H`s` hmiud`c# Hmdstrukl` .`hn 0> `ms9 hmd nsaunrm hmiudkt`rkm y `yul` lnc5udkhkpkm9 nd tnrrndm lmd`lm pmr nc 7r4 dtmdkm U`uh`y4 Nd ncc` sn rn`ck`d c`s rnudkmdns9 c`s

aknst`s9 cms ndhundtrms hmiudkt`rkms4 "m hundt` hmd cms snr#khkms skhms4


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14/ H`%kcc`# Hmdstrukl` .`hn 6/ `ms9 sn rn`ck` c`s hnrnimdk`s rnck,kms`s h`l` `m9

hu`dlm cm pkln c` hmiudkl`l y h`l` lmikd,m c` hmiudkl`l sn rn-dn p`r` hncnr`r c`

p`c`r` ln )kms9 n kdtnrhìk`r kln`s4

141 =`s ln `hhnsm#?` #&` Jkrd U`s`*n un sn ndhundtr` nd rn,uc`rns hmdlkhkmdns

pnriktn ccn,`r .`st` c` ndtr`l` ` Jk,`dtmdns9 cun,m sn lnn tmi`r ud` #&` `sa`ct`l` un

pnriktn ccn,`r hmd a`hkckl`l ` c` hmiudkl`l un sn ndhundtr` ` udms > ikdutms ln c` #&`

prkdhkp`c4

14& Hndtrms nluh`tkms#Hundt`d hmd ud` nshunc` prki`rk`9 hmdstrukl` nd 0;2/9 ccì`l`

G5`dunc 5`cm Hrnspm9 hmd lms prmansmrns9 !> dkms9 0> .mirns9 0/iu*nrns= )n `hunrlm `

ndtrn#kst`s rn`ck`l`s ` c` lkrnhtmr` lnc nst`cnhkikndtm9 sn .` lkh.m un nc 0L ln `cuidmslnsnrt`d pmr imtk#ms nhmdikhms4

?` nshunc` tkndn c` hmdn+kd ln `,u` ln c` %nrtkndtn lnc $d,4 5mds`c#n c` hu`c ns ln iuy i`c`

h`ckl`l9 y ns c` un sn utkck` p`r` nnr9 prnp`r` cms `ckindtms9 i`dtndnr c`s cntrkd`s ckipk`s

y `snm ln cmsC`s dkmsC`s y i`nstr`s4

1J 0kjr`hkd

Nc h`dtd Jkrd ns ud` md` ln `ct` ik,r`hkd9 dm `s& c` hmiudkl`l ln Jk,`dtmdns un tkndn

ud dk#nc `*m ln ik,r`hkd9 un s`cn nd ush` ln aundtns ln tr``*m9 cm .`hnd9 ` c` hkul`l ln

Hundh` nd c` prm#kdhk lnc u`y y ` Nst`lms @dklms4 ?` pmc`hkd ln sn+m anindkdm ns c`

un indms ik,r`9 pmr su rnspmds`kckl`l nd nc hukl`lm y hrk`d` ln cms .k*ms9 prmluhhkd ln c`

tknrr` y hukl`lm ln `dki`cns4 7kd ni`r,m lnnims i`dkanst`r un c` pmc`hkd ln Jk,`dtmdns

Vkrh`y nst` hmipunst` pmr is .mirns un iu*nrns4 ?` ik,r`hkd sn .` hmd#nrtklm nd ud`

nstr`tn,k` ln smrn#k#ndhk` ln c`s aìkck`s ln nst` pmc`hkd4

1B Mrj`dk>`hkd

Nc dk#nc mr,`dk`tk#m ns undm9 pnrsk,un mr`s ` inlk`dm y c`r,m pc`m9 cm un pmskkckt`

hmdsklnr`r kdst`dhk`s ln pmlnr pmr inlkm ln c`s hu`cns sn` pmskcn `ch`d`r ud i`ymr


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lns`rrmccm smstndklm ln c`s hmiudkl`lns4 ?` p`rtkhkp`hkd sn ndi`rh` ` c` prnsndhk` nd

rnudkmdns9 ,nstkmdns ln `hunrlm ` rnspmds`kckl`lns9 `pmrtn y tr``*m hmiudkt`rkm4 Bmirns y

iu*nrns p`rtkhkp`d ln c`s rnudkmdns9 skd ni`r,m9 nd nc imindtm ln c` tmi` ln lnhkskmdns c`

iu*nr lnn prkinrm hmdsuct`r su mpkdkd ` c` p`rn*` p`r` lnhklkr4 Ndtrn c`s prkdhkp`cns

mr,`dk`hkmdns tndnims=

Hmikt ln %`lrns ln )ìkck`#rn`ck` `htk#kl`lns rnc`hkmd`l`s `c tr``*m ln c` nshunc`9 nd

hmmrlkd`hkd hmd c`s prmansmr`s4 ?` p`rtkhkp`hkd ns und`9 `pmy`d p`r` cm,r`r `lnc`dtms p`r`

c` nshunc`4 ?`s prmansmr s imtk#`d `c hmikt3 nd c` rn`ck`hkd ln `hhkmdns hmim nc prmynhtm

ln `,u`4 7u lkrnhtk#` nst hmdamri`l` ln c` sk,ukndtn i`dnr`=

Urnsklndtn= 7r4 ?uks 5`h.ks`h`

%khnprnsklndt`= 7r`4 5`r&` Hmh.`dhnc`

7nhrnt`rk`= 7r`4

(nsmrnrm= 7r`4 Kc`dh` 7`cl``

Hmikt Urminomr`s#tkndn `prm+ki`lìndtn 0> `ms audhkmd`dlm9 nc hmikt3 sn rnnck,n

h`l` hu`trm `msF ln #n nd hu`dlm n+kstnd rndudhk`s9 lnklm nspnh&akhìndtn ` c` a`ct`

ln `pmym ln c` hmiudkl`l9 su lkrnhtk#` nst nstruhtur`l` pmr=

Urnsklndtn= 7r4 cnrtm rlmn

%khnprnsklndt`= 7r`4 Pmc`dl` H.`h`

(nsmrnrm= 7r`4 Hnhkck` K`rrms

Nstn hmikt3 tr``*` pmr nc `lnc`dtm ln c` hmiudkl`l9 ,nstkmd`dlm mr`s hmim nc in*mrìkndtm

ln c` #&`9 c` lmt`hkd ln ndnr,&` nc3htrkh` p`r` c` h`dh.` y nd c` `htu`ckl`l `pmy` p`r` nc

prmynhtm ln `,u`9 `lnis ln c` mr,`dk`hkd y prm,rì`hkd ln `htk#kl`lns anstk#`s y

huctur`cns


21/34

Hcuf Ln%mrtkm Vkrh $ lnlkh`lms `c lnpmrtn nd c` hmiudkl`l y `

rnprnsndt`rc` nd anstk#kl`lns ln hmiudkl`lns #nhkd`s4

5udt` ln ju` Umt`fcn#ns ud` mr,`dk`hkd hmdamri`l` nd 0;;/9 cun,m ln c` hmdstruhhkd

lnc skstni` ln `,u` lnc $N7F nc 61 ln dm#knirn ln 6//> ns rnncn,kl` c` Eudt` ln ,u` y

tkndn cms sk,ukndtns m*ntk#ms=

04 (ndnr ud` rnprnsndt`hkd cn,`c ` dk#nc ln c` hmiudkl`l9 `dtn nc 5udkhkpkm y 5$)@%$4

64 Jnstkmd`r c` n*nhuhkd lnc prmynhtm ln `,u` pmt`cn4

!4 Hmmrlkd`r `hhkmdns ndhìkd`l`s ` c` mpnr`hkd y i`dtndkikndtm lnc skstni` ln `,u` y

s`dnìkndtm4

4 (r``*`r pmr nc `lnc`dtm ln c` hmiudkl`l y ,`r`dtk`r c` p`rtkhkp`hkd ln c` hmiudkl`lnd c` hmdstruhhkd lnc skstni` y nd su i`dtndkikndtm4

?` lkrnhtk#` ln c` EU9 nst nstruhtur`l` ln c` sk,ukndtn i`dnr` :lkhknirn ln 6//>=

Urnsklndtn= 7r4 ?uks 5`h.ks`h`

7nhrnt`rkm= 7r4 cnrtm rlmn

(nsmrnrm= 7r4 Nar`kd U`h.nhm

%mh`cns= 5`dunc E`rì`

U`r` c` hmdstktuhkd ln c` EU9 prki`rmd hrktnrkms ln rnspmds`kckl`l y hrnlkkckl`l nd cms

lkrnhtk#ms9 un .`d #ndklm tr``*`dlm nd nc prmynhtm ln `,u`9 pmr cm

t`dtm9 lnhklnd un nstms iksims lkrk,ndtns sn`d rnncn,klms4 )nnims kdlkh`r un c` lkrnhtk#`

ln c` EU dm hmdt`` hmd tnsmrnrm9 skndlm ncn,klm nc prkinr #mh`c nc 7r4 Nar`&d U`h.nhm pmr

cm un sn nck,k `c prkinr #mh`c9 c`s lk,dkl`lns ln c` EU aunrmd rnncnhtms nd `sìcn`

,ndnr`c9 y nd amri` lnimhrtkh`4

&O Vnc`hkmdns kdtnrkdstktuhkmd`cns

Nc 5udkhkpkm ns c` prkdhkp`c kdstktuhkd hmd c` hu`c nst`cnhn rnc`hkd c` hmiudkl`l4 Ns c`

kdst`dhk` is hnrh`d` nd c` hu`c hrnnd y sn `pmy`d p`r` nc `lnc`dtm ln su hmiudkl`l9

c` hmdak`d` ,ndnr`l` pmr c`s ùtmrkl`lns iudkhkp`cns y smrn tmlm nc ln c` ch clns` ud`


22/34

und` ki`,nd y `pnrtur` .`hk` c` ndtkl`l y c`s `utmrkl`lns ln tuim4 ?` k,cnsk` ln c`

hmiudkl`l ns t`ik3d ud `htmr kipmrt`dtn hmd nc un .`d nst`cnhklm rnc`hkd y rnhkklm

`pmym9 pmr inlkm ln su prrmhm4 Nc 5kdkstnrkm ln Nluh`hkd9 hmd su rnspnhtk#` nshunc`F nd c`

`htu`ckl`l hmd nc prmynhtm ln `,u`9 sn .`d kdtnrrnc`hkmd`lm hmd nc 5kdkstnrkm ln )ns`rrmccm

@r`dm y %k#kndl` :5$)@%$4

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2 2 "-" VN6HKMDN" KD\NVKD"\K\-HKMD6N"

5@"$H$U$

5$)@%$

E@"( )NJ@

H5$(UV5NEV

7

H"7NEUV%$"H$?

H5$( )NU)VN7 )N85$?$

54 )NN)@HH$"

$J?N7$


23/34

#'#

HMDMHK0KND\M", H\K\-LN" 2

UV:H\KH" LN 6" HM0-DKLLN"

LN 8K8D\MDN" # VKVH2

' HMDMHK0KND\M", H\K\-LN" 2 UVH\KH" ND N6 :VN

LN 6 "6-L 2 "DN0KND\M 0(KND\6

Nc m*ntk#m ln c` lmt`hkd ln snr#khkms ln `,u` y s`dn`ikndtm ` c`s hmiudkl`lns rur`cns9 ns

hmdtrkukr ` c` rnluhhkd ln cms &dlkhns ln imrkimrt ckl`l ln c` pmc`hkd rur`c9

nspnhk`cindtn ln c` pmc`hkd kda`dtkc9 pmr nccm nc prmynhtm l` nspnhk`c 3da`sks `c `dcksks ln


24/34

cms hmdmhkikndtms9 `htktulns y prhtkh`s ln .mirns y iu*nrns nd nc rn` ln c` s`cul9 ln c`

.k,kndn y ln s`dnìkndtm ìkndt c4 spnhtms un hm`lyu#nd m*ntk#ìndtn ` c`

amriuc`hkd ln prm,rì`s kdtn,r cns ln nluh`hkd y pmtndhk`hkd ln c`s h`p`hkl`lns

hmiudkt`rk`s hmim ncnindtms kipmrt`dtns ln c` smstndkkckl`l ln cms prmynhtms `dtns

indhkmd`lms4 ?ms sk,ukndtns `spnhtms l`d hudnt` ln c`s hmstuirns ln nst`s hmiudkl`lns4

'+ @undtns ln `f`stnhkikndtm ln `ju`

?`s hmiudkl`lns ln Jk,`dtmdns Vkrh`yF hundt`d hmd lms #nrtkndtns9 c` prkinr lndmikd`l`lnc $N79 c` hu`c ``stnhn ` 02 usu`rkms9 cms hu`cns hundt`d hmd inlklmrns y sn .` lnakdklm c`h`dtkl`l ln intrms h-khms un sn utkck`r d pmr aìkck` h`l` ins9 nstn skstni` ln `,u` aunhmdstruklm nd 0;21 pmr nc $N7 nc iksim un sn `ckindt` ln c s #nrtkndtns un sn ndhundtr`dukh`l`s nd cms tnrrndms lnc $d,4 5mds`c#nF lnnims kdlkh`r un .`st` nc `m ln 0;;1 nst`

`,u` aun tr`t`l`9 nd c` `htu`ckl`l nst` `,u` ns ln i`c` h`ckl`l9 hmd cm hu`c sn `tndt` hmdtr` c`s`cul ln c` pmc hkd4 ?` mtr ikt`l ln usu`rkms sn ``stnhn lnc snr#khkm lnc skstni`hmdstruklm lnsln c` #nrtkndtn 5`p`h`h.n9 c` hu`c sn ndhundtr` nd i`c`s hmdlkhkmdns9 cm unmck,` ` un sn rn`ckhn c` hmdstruhhkd ln ud dun#m skstni`4

?` t`rka` skh` un p`,`d9 `c imindtm h`l` udm ln cms usu`rkms un sn ``stnhnd ln nstnskstni` y hundt`d hmd inlklmr ns ln ud 0 lc`r9 #nr hu`lrm "m4 004

H-LVM Dm ++

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; M8VN" "N8D @-ND\N LN 8-

@-ND\N LN 8- Dm M8VN" E8undtn lnc $d,4 5mds`c#n 66 16921

8undtn ln 5`p`h`h.n 1 0'90 0


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8V@KHM 1

-"M LN @-ND\N" LN 8-

@-ND\N; Ndhunst`s smhkmnhmdikh`s, lkh F'

N6(MVHKMD; NGuk%m hmdsuctmr

>4040 H`ckl`l lnc snr#khkm ln `,u`4 )n `hunrlm ` cms l`tms mtndklms9 nc ;09

.m,`rns ndhunst`lmsC`s .`d h`ckakh`lm ln i`c` h`ckl`l ln `,u` un hmdsuind9 skd ni`r,m9

nc i`ymr pmrhndt`*n :2/L smd .m,`rns un hmdsuind nst` `,u`9 ikndtr`s un nc 0'L un tmi`d `,u` ln #nrtkndtn y pmm lkhnd un ns ln und` h`ckl`l4

H`ckl`l lnc `ju`;

?`s h`ckakh`hkmdns ` c` h`ckl`l ln `,u` smd sui`indtn su*ntk#`s9 skd ni`r,m9 hmd nst`

prn,udt` sn ikln c`s pnrhnphkmdns ln h`ckl`l un c` hmiudkl`l tkndn4 7kd ni`r,m9 ukndns

.`d rnspmdlklm ln und`9 dm kipckh` un dm tnd,`d kdtnr3s nd nc prmynhtm9 skdm

un smd l`tms un dms pnriktnd prmaudlk`r nd c` h`ckl`l ln c` iksi` y su kipmrt`dhk` p`r`

c` s`cul nd cms t`ccnrns pmstnrkmrns y nd cms prm,r`i`s ln h`p`hkt`hkd nd ud` sn,udl` a`sn4


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Nd c` `htu`ckl`l9 c`s aundtns ln ``stnhkikndtm ln `,u` dm tkndnd prmtnhhkd `c,ud`9 nc hùl`c

ns undm9 cm un dms pnriktkr ``stnhnr ln `,u` ` c` hmiudkl`l lur`dtn nc pnrkmlm prn#kstm4

7kd ni r,m nstm dm sk,dkakh` un lnìms pnrlnr ln #kst` prm,rì`s ln rnamrnst`hkd y

i`dtndkikndtm ln c` aundtn9 n#kt`dlm ln nst` i`dnr` sn hmdtìkdn nc `,u` hmd `sur`9 m pmr

un cms `dki`cns n`d ns` `,u` cm un mh`skmd`r& snrkms prmcni s nd c` s`cul ` c`

pmc`hkd4

Nc `h`rrnm ln `,u` y c`s prhtkh`s ln `ci`hndìkndtm smd i`dn* lms `lnhu`lìndtn pmr h`sk

c` tmt`ckl`l ln aìkck`s ln `hunrlm ` l`tms mtndklms nd cms t`ccnrns ,rup`cns9 puns nc '!912L

rnspmdlnd t`p`r `lnhu`lìndtn cms rnhkpkndtns ln `,u`9 pmr un ln cm hmdtr`rkm i`dkaknst`d

h`nd kdsnhtms hmim imsh`s9 huh`r`h.`s9 cms dkms intnd sus i`dms9 m cms `dki`cns lmi3stkhms

tmi`d ns` iksi` `,u`4 ?` sk,ukndtn t`c` l` hundt` ln c`s mpkdkmdns

#nrtkl`s pmr c` pmc`hkd rnanrndtn `c prmcni` lnc `,u` y s`dnìkndtm4

CHu`dlm lnhkims `ju`, hmd hu!c ln c`s lms h`r`s cm rnc`hkmdìms $ %mrGuI

HV 6N8VN HV \VK"\N?` kipmrt`dhk` un tkndn nc in*mrìkndtm lncskstni` ln `,u` p`r` c` hmiudkl`l

8`ct` ln smckl`rkl`l ln `c,udms lnrnh.kst`s lnc`,u`

r,`dk`hkd ln c` hmiudkl`l9 p`r` ,`r`dtk`rc` smstndkkckl`l lnc iksim

"m .`y `,u` p`r` tmlms

Ns #kl` y s`cul p`r` c` pmc`hkd h`rrn`r ,u`

8-


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Hmdt`r hmd ,u` sn,ur` Nc ,u` ns smcìndtn ndtu`l`

8ìkck`s lkspmdnd ln `,u` p`r` snm pnrsmd`c B`y ndanrinl`lns pmr ,u` ln i`c` h`ckl`l4

>4046 Urhtkh`s ln .nr#kr nc `,u 4 ?ms l tms mtndklms lniunstr`d un ud ,r d

pmrhndt`*n ln .m,`rns :'09

629>'L .knr#nd nc `,u` #nr hu`lrm "m4 06

H-LVM D( +/

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; M8VN" "N8D UVH\KH LN NV=KV

N6 8-KNV=N N6 8- Dm M8VN" E

Bknr#n nc `,u` 0/ 629>'

"m .knr#n nc `,u` 6> '09

\M\6 1' +FF,FF


'+)+( @h`rrnm ln ù`+&Nc `h`rrnm lnc `,u` ns ud` prhtkh` hmtklk`d` p`r` nc 629>'L ln c`s

aìkck`s ln c` hmiudkl`l9 ukndns lnstkd`d ndtrn > ikdutms .`st` ud` .mr`9 p`r` `ci`hnd`r

ndtrn 0/ ` >/ cktrms9 un dnhnskt` ud` aìkck` p`r` `ckindt`hkd9 c`#`lm ln rmp` y `snm

pnrsmd`c9 #nr hu`lrm 0!

H-LVM Dm +1

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; M8VN" -N HVVND 8-"\ "-" LM0KHK6KM"

Dm M8VN" H"($)) \KN0UM

6 0/ cktrms > ikdutms

6 6/ cktrms 0/ ikdutms

6 !/ cktrms 0> ikdutms

6 / cktrms 0 .mr`

\M\6 +F 1FF cktrm +B' bmr`s


28/34


>404< ukndns rn ck`d nc `h`rrnm ln `,u`4 Jndnr cindtn sn lnlkh`d `c `h rrnm lnc`,u` nd c` i`ymr&` ln cms .m,`rns smd c`s iu*nrns9 puns rnprnsndt` nc

H-LVM Dm +'

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; M8VN" "N8D @MV0 LN

N6K0KDHK.D LN N*HVN\"N6K0KDHK.D N*HVN\" D( M8VN" E?ntrkd` 6/ >'904>40 Urkdhkp`cns ndanrinl`lns4 ?` pmc hkd sn ndanri` prkdhkp`cindtn ln lmcmr ln

nsti`,m9 ln h`n 9 aknrn9 lk rrn`s arnhundtns9 nspnhk`cindtn nd cms dkms ns

arnhundtn cms p`rsktms4 Jndnr`cindtn smd ccn#`lms `c Bmspkt`c9 Hndtrm ln 7`cul y 53lkhms

p`rtkhuc`rns m hmd rninlkms h`snrms4

?`s i`lrns ln a`ikck` hmkdhklnd nd un sus .k*msC s suncnd ndanri`rsn arnhundtnindtn

ln lk`rrn`s9 p`rsktms9 ndanrinl`lns rnspkr`tmrk`s kdanhhkmdns9 ndtrn mtr`s4


31/34

U`r` lntnrikd`r is m*ntk#ìndtn ndanrims pmr hùs`s .&lrkh`s9 sn .` prn,udt`lm `c *nan

ln .m,`r :ndhunst`lmC`9 sk nd nc ins `dtnrkmr `c,-d iknirm ln su .m,`r sn ndanri hmd

lmcmrns nstmi`h`cns9 lk`rrn`s9 #iktm m p`rsktms9 u mtr`s ndanrinl`lns .&lrkh`s9 ln cm hu`c

pmlnims nst`cnhnr un dm .`d n+kstklm prmcni`s ln nst` d`tur`cn`F nstm dm sk,dkakh` un cms

dkmsC`s dm tnd,`d prmcni`s pmr c` utkck`hkd ln `,u` ln i`c` h`ckl`l4

)n `hunrlm ` kdamri`hkd mtndkl` nd cms ,rupms amh`cns tr``*`lms hmd c` pmc`hkd9 dm sn

nst`cnhn iunrtns ln dkmsC`s nd nc -ctkim `m4

>4>46 ?` a`ct` ln `,u` sn,ur` y ud und i`dn*m ln s`dnìkndtm ìkndt`c hmdccn#` `

kdhrnindt`r cms ,`stms indsu`cns ln c`s aìkck`s ln 0/ ` >/ lc`rns

indsu`cns pmr ndanrinl`l9 lnpndlkndlm ln c` ,r`#nl`l lnc h`sm9 #nr hu`lrm "I4 0'

H-LVM Dm +J

8K8D\MDN" VKVH2; 8"\M" UMV ND@NV0NLLN"

KLVKH" "N8D

M8VN"8"\M" UMV ND@NV0 Dm M8VN" \M\6 8"\M"

0/ 0 0/0> 0> 66>6/ 0 6/!/ 6 1//

7kd ndanrims 0< /\M\6 1' &F' lc`rns

indsu`cnsA^ND\N? Ndhunst`s smhkmnhmdikh`s, lkh+ 5>NC@FMV@H!D? N"uk#m hmdsu$tmr

Nst` rn`ckl`l .` pnriktklm rnacn+kmd`r hmd c` pmc`hkd un nc rnhursm `,u` dm scm ns ud knd

un in*mr` c` h`ckl`l ln #kl` ln sus .`kt`dtns9 skdm tìk3d ud knd nhmdikhm9 puns tndnr

`,u` sn,ur` y ln und` h`ckl`l lksikdukr nstms n,rnsms9 cms hu`cns punlnd snr utkck`lms nd

nc iksim i`dtndkikndtm lnc skstni`4 s& tìk3d nc tknipm un sn utkck` nd kr `c i3lkhm m


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lnlkh`rsn ` hur`r ` cms ndanrims9 ns tknipm un hunst` y un punln snr us`lm nd mtr`s

`htk#kl`lns ln ndnakhkm prmluhtk#m4

'4 %nrtur` $ `%m$m `c Urm$nhtm

(`dtm .mirns hmim iu*nrns `pmy`d `c prmynhtm ln `,u` lnhklklìndtn9 nc `dcksks y c`s

rnacn+kmdns nd tmrdm ` c` prmcnitkh` s`dkt`rk` y ìkndt`c .` ccn#`lm ` c` pmc`hkd `

hmiprmintnrsn nd nc prmhnsm9 t`dtm nd nst` a`sn ln prnkd#nrskd hmim nd c`s pmstnrkmrns4 Nc

0//L ln cmsCc`s ndhunst`lms .`d rnspmdlklm un s& `pmy`r&`d `c prmynhtm t`dtm hmd i`dm ln

mr` y hmd lkdnrm nd nanhtk#m4

Hmd rnspnhtm ` cms tr``*ms hmiudkt`rkms lnnims `hc`r`r un nstms tndlrd lms i`dnr`s ln

ccn#`rsn ` h`mF nc prkinrm sn rn`ck`r` lnsln c` h`pt`hkd9 pmr cms usu`rkms un dm smd lunmsln c` `l*ulkh`hkd y p`r` cms usu`rkms `dtk,ums m `l*ulkh`t rkms nc tr``*m kdkhk`r` ` p`rtkr lnc

t`dun ln rnsnr#`9 ns lnhkr p`s`dlm c` pn`4 p`rtkr ln ù& nc tr``*m snr p`r` tmlms cms

usu`rkms lnc 7kstni` ln ,u`F rnsmcuhkd tmi`l` nc < ln ndnrm ln 6//19 iksi` un hmdst` nd

`ht`s4

'4+ 0`tnrk cns nAkstndtns n c` >md`# 7n .` unrklm hmdmhnr tìk3d un i`tnrk cns

n+kstnd nd c`s md` hmd c` pmskkckl`l ln `pmrtn9 y hmd cm un sn hundt` ns hmd rkpkm

'4/ Uc`dt`s d`tk`s ln c` >md`#)n `hunrlm ` kdamri`hkd mtndkl` nd ,rupms amh`cns9 sn

dms .` lkh.m un c`s prkdhkp`cns pc`dt`s d`tk#`s ln c` md` smd= nc a`kun y h.`p`rrm

>414! %mh`s rnhmindl`l`s %`r` tr`fòms#?` 3pmh` rnhmindl`l` p`r` cms tr``*ms9 smd

cms insns un kdkhk` nc #nr`dm4 5`ym ` lkhknirn9 Nd c` hmiudkl`l n+kstn c` prhtkh` ln

ikd,`s hmiudkt`rk`s p`r` tr``*ms ln ndnakhkm hmiudkt`rkm4

>414< Lks%mdkfkckl`l ln tkni%m %`r` %rmhnsms ln h`%`hkt`hkd4 ?` hmiudkl`l

hmdsklnr` kipmrt`dtns cms prmhnsms ln h`p`hkt`hkd9 pmr cm un .mirns y iu*nrns

i`dkaknst`d su lnsnm ln p`rtkhkp`r cms akdns ln sni`d 9 y` un ln cudns ` #knrdns tr``*`d


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nd c` `,rkhuctur`9 y nd nc h`sm ln c`s iu*nrns tìk3d lnnd .`hnrsn h`r,m ln c`s t`rn`s lnc

.m,`r4

'4& \ni`s ln h`%`hkt`hkd Gun cn kdtnrns`r` ` c` %mfc`hkd# ?ms tni`s rnhmindl`lms

amri`rd p`rtn lnc Uc`d ln h`p`hkt`hkd nd c` nt`p` ln hmdstruhhkd4 U`r` nccm9 nd c`s

rnudkmdns ln tr``*m sn .`d klm smdln`dlm mpkdkmdns9 k,u`cindtn sn .` tmi`lm hmim `sn

c`s prkdhkp`cns #`rk`cns tr` *`l`s y nd mtrms h`sms sn .` prn,udt lm lkrnhtìndtn `

.mirns y iu*nrns smrn u3 cns ,ust`r&` h`p`hkt`rsn y c`s rnspunst`s .`d sklm=

7`cul 7n+u`c y rnprmluhtk#`

Urkinrms ù+kckms

Hukl`lm ln cms dkmsC`sHmim prn#ndkr ndanrinl`lns hmim lk`rrn`9 kdanhhkmdns9 ndtrn mtr`s

8mrt`cnhkikndtm r,`dk`hkmd`c

?klnr`,m

?mirkhuctur`

Vnamrnst`hkd

Hmim i`dn*`r nc skstni` ln `,u`

Hmd nst`s #`rk`cns ln `dcksks y hmd nc hmdmhkikndtm ln c` rn`ckl`l smhk`c9 nhmdikh` y

ìkndt`c9 ln c` hmiudkl`l9 ns pmskcn9 un c` pmc`hkd p`sn ` lnhklkr smrn c`s mphkmdns

t3hdkh`s9 dk#ncns ln snr#khkms9 t`rka`s9 imlncms ln ,nstkd tmlm nccm p`r` c` hmdstruhhkd9

mpnr`hkd y i`dtndkikndtm ln su skstni` ln `,u` y s`dnìkndtm ` auturm9 cm un .nims

ccì`lm%rm%unst`s hmiudkt`rk`s,nd huym h`p&tucm sn lnt`cc` nc prmhnsm ln p`rtkhkp`hkd ln

c` hmiudkl`l9 c`s t3hdkh`s utkck`l`s y c`s lnhkskmdns un t`dtm .mirns y iu*nrns .`d tmi`lm

nd nc prmhnsm4


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