Điển cứu UML

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KHOA KHOA HC &

CNG NGH

IN CU NHP MN CNG NGH PHN MM

TM HIU V UML

SINH VIN THC HIN:

H TN MSSVTrn Th Kim Hin 091544 Nguyn Hi Triu 093602Dng Xun PhcBi Duy Quang

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i C UML p M C M

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Mc Lc

TRCH YU ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 3

NHP ................................ ................................ ................................ .............................. 4GII THIU UML................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 5

1. LCH S UML ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 5

2. UML L G? ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 5

3. UML TRONG PHN TCH THIT K H THNG ................................ ..................... 6

4. UML V CC GIAI ON PHT TRIN H THNG ................................ ................ 7

KHI QUT V UML ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 8

1. UML V CC GIAI ON CA CHU TRNH PHT TRIN PHN MM ................... 8

1.1- Giai on nghin cu s b: ................................ ................................ .................. 8

1.2- Giai on phn tch:................................ ................................ ................................ 8

1.3- Giai on thit k: ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 8

1.4- Giai on xy dng: ................................ ................................ ............................... 9

1.5- Th nghim: ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 9

2. CC THNH PHN CA NGN NG UML ................................ .............................. 9

3. HNG NHN (VIEW) ................................ ................................ ............................. 10

3.1- Hng nhn Use case (Use case View): ................................ ............................... 12

3.2- Hng nhn logic (Logical View): ................................ ................................ .......... 13

3.3- Hng nhn thc hin (Implementation View): ................................ ..................... 133.4- Hng nhn x l (Process View): ................................ ................................ ........ 13

3.5- Hng nhn trin khai (Deployment View): ................................ ........................... 14

4. BIU (DIAGRAM) ................................ ................................ .............................. 14

4.1- Biu Use case (Use Case Diagram): ................................ ............................... 14

4.1.1- Vai tr ca m hnh use case: ................................ ................................ ................. 15

4.1.2- Xy dng biu use case ................................ ................................ ..................... 16

4.1.3- Xy dng biu use case trong Rational Rose ................................ ........................ 20

4.2- Biu i tng (Object Diagram) ................................ ................................ ..... 264.3- Biu lp (Class Diagram) ................................ ................................ ................. 28

4.4- Biu trng thi (State Diagram) ................................ ................................ ........ 30

4.5- Biu trnh t (Sequence Diagram) ................................ ................................ ... 35

4.6- Biu cng tc (Collaboration Diagram) ................................ ............................ 40

4.7- Biu hot ng (Activity) ................................ ................................ .................. 42

4.8- Biu thnh phn (Component Diagram) ................................ ........................... 48

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in Cu UML NhpMn CNPM

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4.9 S trin khai (Deplopment Diagram) ................................ ............................... 50

KT LUN ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 52

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NHP

Yu cu v mt h thngphn mm cht lng cao, d dng bo tr vpht trin lun lunc t ra i vi nhng ngi lm cng nghphn mm. Mtphn mm c xy dngthnh cng hay khngph thuc ch yu vo giai onphn tch v thit k.Phngphpphn tch thit k hng i tng c nh gi c nhiu u im so viphngphp hng chc nng truyn thng, v hin lphngphp c s dngph binnht pht trin ccphn mm m v png yu cu ngi s dng.Bn cnh , UML (Unified Modeling Language) l mt ngn ng c t cpht trinnhng nm gn y v hin l chun cng nghip ca th gii v ngn ng c t cho nghnhcng nghphn mm.UML l ngn ng h thngphn mm trc quan mi cpht trin v hin nay c nhiunh sn xutphn mm ln trn th gii nh Microsoft, Oracle, HP, s dng nh l chuncng nghipphn mm.

Nhng Vit Nam,phngphpphn tch thit k hng i tng cha c ng dngnhiu, mi ch bt u c a vo chng trnhnh hc ca mt s trng i hc v caong.V vy cn nghin cu su hn v c ng dng c th hiu r hn vphngphpphntch thit k hng i tng. Chnh v nhng l do kt hp vi mi trng ang gingdy, nhm chng ti xin la chn ti in cu v UML. in cu c trnh by theoni dung nh sau :

y Tm hiu ngn ngUML v s dngphn mm Rational Rose m hnh ho h

thng.y Tm hiu mt s quy trnh trongphn tch thit k hng i tng.y Trnh by mt s quy trnhphn tch thit k hng i tng s dng UML vo h

thng qun l h sbnh n.

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GII THIU UML

1. LCH S UML

Nm 1997, Object Management Group (OMG Nhm qun l i tng) phthnh bn Unified Modeling Language (UML).Mt trong nhng mc ch ca UML lcung cp cho cng ngpht trin mt ngn ng thit kph bin v n nh, ngn

ng ny c th c dng pht trin v xy dng cc ng dng my tnh.UML ara mt k hiu m hnh ha chun thng nht m cc chuyn gia cng ngh thong tinmun c trong nhiu nm. Khi s dng UML, cc chuyn gia cng ngh thong tin bygi c th c vph bin cu trc h thng v cc k hoch thit k - ging nhcc cng nhn xy dng ang lm trong nhiu nm qua vi cc k hoch chi tit vcc ta nh.

2. UML L G?

UML (Unified Modeling Language) l mt ngn ng chun cho vic c th ha, trcquan ha, xy dng v to ti liu cho mt h thng phn mm, cng nh cho mhnh doanh nghip v nhng h thng khc. UML miu t mt lot cc k thut cngngh tt nht c kim chng v thnh cng trong nhiu h thng ln v phctp. UML l mt phn quan trng trong vic pht trin cc phn mm hng itng v trong quy trnhpht trinphn mm. UML s dng hu ht cc k hiu ha m t bn thit k ca cc d n phn mm. S dng UML s gip cho cc

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nhm d n c th d dng giao tip, khai thc nhng tim nng thit k, v phchun thit k kin trc caphn mm.

Ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht (Unifield Modeling Language UML) l mt ngn

ng biu din m hnh theo hng i tng c xy dng bi ba tc gi trn vi

ch ch l:y M hnh ho cc h thng s dng cc khi nim hng i tng.

y Thit lp mt kt ni t nhn thc ca con ngi n cc s kin cn m hnh

ho.

y Gii quyt vn v mc tha k trong cc h thng phc tp, c nhiu

rng buc khc nhau.

y To mt ngn ng m hnh ho c th s dng c bi ngi v my.

UML l h thng cc k hiu v hnh v c ngha, quan trng UML khngphi lmt ngn ng lp trnh, nphi c s dng kt hp vi mt tin trnhphngphplun.UML l mt ngn ng dng c t, trc quan ho, v t liu ho phn mmhng i tng

3. UML TRONG PHN TCH THIT K H THNG

UML c th c s dng trong nhiu giai on, tpht trin, thit k cho ti thc

hin v bo tr. V mc ch chnh ca ngn ng ny l dng cc biu hng i

tng m t h thng nn min ng dng ca UML bao gm nhiu loi h thng

khc nhau nh:

y H thng thng tin (Information System): Ct gi, ly, bin i biu din

thng tin cho ngi s dng. X l nhng khong d liu ln c cc quan h

phc tp, m chng c lu tr trong cc cs d liu quan h hay hng

i tng.

y H thng k thut (Technical System): X l v iu khin cc thit b k

thut nh vin thng, h thng qun s, hay cc qu trnh cng nghip. y l

loi thit bphi x l cc giao tip c bit, khng c phn mm chun vthng l cc h thng thi gian thc (real time).

y H thng nhng (Embeded System): Thc hin trn phn cng gn vo cc

thit b nh in thoi di ng, iu khin xe hi, iu ny c thc hin

bng vic lp trnh mc thp vi h tr thi gian thc. Nhng h thng ny

thng khng c cc thit b nh mn hnh a cng,

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y H thng phn b( Distributed System): cphn b trn mt s my cho

php truyn d liu t ni ny n ni khc mt cch d dng. Chng i hi

cc cch lin lc ng b m bo ton vn d liu v thng c xy

dng trn mt s cc k thut i tng nh CORBA, COM/DCOM, hay Java

Beans/RMI.

y H thng Giao dch (Business System): M t mc ch, ti nguyn (con

ngi, my tnh, ), cc quy tc (lut php, chin thut kinh doanh, cch,

), v cng vic hot ng kinh doanh.

y Phn mm h thng (System Software): nh ngha cs h tng k thut

chophn mm khc s dng, chng hn nh h iu hnh, cs d liu, giao

din ngi s dng.

4. UML V CC GIAI ON PHT TRIN H THNG

Preliminary Investigation: use cases th hin cc yu cu ca ngi dng. Phn

miu t use case xc nh cc yu cu, phn diagram th hin mi quan h v giao

tip vi h thng.

Analysis: Mc ch chnh ca giai an ny l tru tng ha v tm hiu cc ccu

c trongphm vi bi ton. Class diagrams trn bnh din tru tng ha cc thc th

ngoi i thc c s dng lm r s tn ti cng nh mi quan h ca chng.

Ch nhng lp (class) nm trongphm vi bi ton mi ng quan tm.

Design: Kt quphn analysis cpht trin thnh giiphp k thut. Cc lp c

m hnh ha chi tit cung cp h tng k thut nh giao din, nn tng chodatabase, Kt qu phn Design l cc c t chi tit cho giai on xy dngphn

mm.

Development: M hnh Design c chuyn thnh code. Programmer s dng cc

UML diagrams trong giai on Design hiu vn v to code.

Testing: S dng cc UML diagrams trong cc giai on trc. C 4 hnh thc kim

tra h thng:

y Unit testing (class diagrams & class specifications): kim tra tng n th,

c dng kim tra cc lp hay cc nhm n th.

y Integration testing(integration diagrams & collaboration diagrams): kim tra

tch hp l kim tra kt hp cc component vi cc lp xem chng hot

ng vi nhau c ng khng.

y System testing(use-case diagrams): kim tra xem h thng c png c

chc nng m ngi s dng yu cu hay khng.

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y Acceptance testing: Kim tra tnh chp nhn c ca h thng, thng c

thc hin bi khch hng, vic kim tra ny thc hin tng t nh kim tra

h thng.

KHI QUT V UML

1. UML V CC GIAI ON CA CHU TRNH PHT TRIN PHNMM

1.1- Giai on nghin cu s b:

UML a ra khi nim Use Case nm bt cc yu cu ca khch hng (ngi

s dng).UML s dng biu Use case (Use Case Diagram) nu bt mi

quan h cng nh s giao tip vi h thng.

Quaphngphp m hnh ha Use case, cc tc nhn (Actor) bn ngoi quan tmn h thng s c m hnh ha song song vi chc nng m h i hi tpha

h thng (tc l Use case). Cc tc nhn v cc Use case c m hnh ha cng

cc mi quan h v c miu t trong biu Use case ca UML. Mi mt Use

case c m t trong ti liu, v n s c t cc yu cu ca khch hng: Anh ta

hay ch ta ch i iu g pha h thng m khng h n vic chc nng

ny s c thc thi ra sao.

1.2- Giai on phn tch:

Giai on phn tch quan tm n qu trnh tru tng ha u tin (cc lp vcc i tng) cng nh cch hin hu trongphm vi vn . Sau khi nhphn

tch nhn bit c cc lp thnhphn ca m hnh cng nh mi quan h gia

chng vi nhau, cc lp cng cc mi quan h s c miu t bng cng c

biu lp (class diagram) ca UML. S cng tc gia cc lp nhm thc hin

cc Use case cng s c miu t nh vo cc m hnh ng (dynamic models)

ca UML. Trong giai onphn tch, ch duy nht cc lp c tn ti trongphm vi

vn (cc khi nim i thc) l c m hnh ha. Cc lp k thut nh ngha

chi tit cng nh giiphp trong h thngphn mm, v d nh cc lp cho giao

din ngi dng, cho ngn hng d liu, cho s giao tip, trng hp, v.v..., chaphi l mi quan tm ca giai on ny.

1.3- Giai on thit k:

Trong giai on ny, kt qu ca giai onphn tch s c m rng thnh mt

giiphp k thut. Cc lp mi s c b sung to thnh mt h tng cs

k thut: Giao din ngi dng, cc chc nng lu tr cc i tng trong

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ngn hng d liu, giao tip vi cc h thng khc, giao din vi cc thit b ngoi

vi v cc my mc khc trong h thng,.... Cc lp thuc phm vi vn c t

giai on phn tch s c "nhng" vo h tng cs k thut ny, to ra kh

nng thay i trong c haiphng din: Phm vi vn v h tng cs. Giai

on thit k s a ra kt qu l bn c t ch i tit cho giai on xy dng h

thng.

1.4- Giai on xy dng:

Trong giai on xy dng (giai on lp trnh), cc lp ca giai on thit k s

c bin thnh nhng dng code c th trong mt ngn ng lp trnh hng i

tng c th (khng nn dng mt ngn ng lp trnh hng chc nng!).Ph

thuc vo kh nng ca ngn ng c s dng, y c th l mt cng vic kh

khn hay d dng.Khi to ra cc m hnh phn tch v thit k trong UML, tt

nht nn c gng n trnh vic ngay lp tc bin i cc m hnh ny thnh cc

dng code. Trong nhng giai on trc, m hnh c s dng d hiu, dgiao tip v to nn cu trc ca h thng; v vy, vi vng a ra nhng kt lun

v vic vit code c th s thnh mt tr ngi cho vic to ra cc m hnh chnh

xc v n gin. Giai on xy dng l mt giai on ring bit, ni cc m hnh

c chuyn thnh code.

1.5- Th nghim:

Nh trnh by trongphn Chu Trnh Pht Trin Phn Mm, mt h thngphn

mm thng c th nghim qua nhiu giai on v vi nhiu nhm th nghim

khc nhau. Cc nhm s dng nhiu loi biu UML khc nhau lm nn tngcho cng vic ca mnh: Th nghim n v s dng biu lp (class diagram)

v c t lp, th nghim tch hp thng s dng biu thnh phn

(component diagram) v biu cng tc (collaboration diagram), v giai on

th nghim h thng s dng biu Use case (use case diagram) m bo h

thng cphng thc hot ng ng nh c nh ngha t ban u trong

cc biu ny.

2. CC THNH PHN CANGNNG UML

Ngn ngUML bao gm mt lot cc phn t ha (graphic element) c thc kp hp vi nhau to ra cc biu .Bi y l mt ngn ng, nn UML

cng c cc nguyn tc kt hp ccphn t .

Mt s nhng thnhphn ch yu ca ngn ngUML:

Hng nhn (view): Hng nhn ch ra nhng kha cnh khc nhau ca h thng

cnphi c m hnh ha. Mt hng nhn khngphi l mt bn v, m l mt

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s tru tng ha bao gm mt lot cc biu khc nhau.Ch qua vic nh

ngha ca mt lot cc hng nhn khc nhau, mi hng nhn ch ra mt kha

cnh ring bit ca h thng, ngi ta mi c th to dng nn mt bc tranh

hon thin v h thng.Cng chnh cc hng nhn ny ni kt ngn ng m hnh

ha vi quy trnh c chn cho giai onpht trin.

Biu (diagram): Biu l cc hnh v miu t ni dung trong mt hng

nhn. UML c tt c 9 loi biu khc nhau c s dng trong nhng s kt

hp khc nhau cung cp tt c cc hng nhn ca mt h thng.

Phn t m hnh ha (model element):Cc khi nim c s dng trong cc

biu c gi l ccphn t m hnh, th hin cc khi nim hng i tng

quen thuc. V d nh lp, i tng, thng ip cng nh cc quan h gia cc

khi nim ny, bao gm c lin kt,ph thuc, khi qut ha.Mtphn t m hnh

thng c s dng trong nhiu biu khc nhau, nhng n lun lun c ch

mt ngha v mt k hiu.

C ch chung: C ch chung cung cp thm nhng li nhn xt b sung, cc

thng tin cng nh cc quy tc ngphp chung v mt phn t m hnh; chng

cn cung cp thm cc cch c th m rng ngn ngUML choph hp vi

mtphngphp xc nh (mt quy trnh, mt t chc hoc mt ngi dng).

3. HNGNHN (VIEW)

M hnh ha mt h thngphc tp l mt vic lm kh khn. L tng nht l

ton b h thng c miu t ch trong mt bn v, mt bn v nh ngha mtcch r rng v mch lc ton b h thng, mt bn v ngo i ra li cn d giao

tip v d hiu. Mc d vy, thng th y l chuyn bt kh thi.Mt bn v

khng th nm bt tt c cc thng tin cn thit miu t mt h thng. Mt h

thng cnphi c miu t vi mt lot cc kha cnh khc nhau: V mt chc

nng (cu trc tnh ca n cng nh cc tng tc ng), v mt phi chc nng

(yu cu v thi gian, v ng tin cy, v qu trnh thc thi, v.v. v v.v.) cng

nh v kha cnh t chc (t chc lm vic, nh x n vo cc code module,...).

V vy mt h thng thng c miu t trong mt lot cc hng nhn khc

nhau, mi hng nhn s th hin mt bc nh nh x ca ton b h thng v chra mt kha cnh ring ca h thng.

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Hnh 3.1: Cc view trong UML

Mi mt hng nhn c miu t trong mt lot cc biu , cha ng cc thng tin nu

bt kha cnh c bit ca h thng. Trong thc t khiphn tch v thit k rt d xy ra s

trng lp thng tin, cho nn mt biu trn tht t c th l thnh phn ca nhiu hng

nhn khc nhau. Khi nhn h thng t nhiu hng nhn khc nhau, ti mt thi im c th

ngi ta ch tp trung vo mt kha cnh ca h thng. Mt biu trong mt hng nhn c

th no cn phi n gin to iu kin giao tip d dng, dnh lin vi cc

biu khc cng nh cc hng nhn khc, lm sao cho bc tranh ton cnh ca h thng

c miu t bng s kt hp tt c cc thng tin t tt c cc hng nhn. Mt biu cha

cc k hiu hnh hc m t ccphn t m hnh ca h thng. UML c tt c cc hng nhn

sau:

Hng nhn Use case (use case view): y l hng nhn ch ra kha cnh chc nng

ca mt h thng, nhn t hng tc nhn bn ngoi.ng mt vai tr c bit i vi

kin trc. N cha mt vi kch bn hay use case ch yu, dng khmph v thit

k kin trc v xc nhn cc khung nhn khc nhau. Khung nhn ny c th s dngs use case minh ho.

Hng nhn logic (logical view): ch ra chc nng s c thit k bn trong h

thng nh th no, M t cc yu cu chc nng ca h thng,S tru tng ca m

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hnh thit k v xc nh cc gi thit k chnh, cc subsystem v lp chnh. Trong

UML khung nhn ny c th c trnh by dng s lp, s i tng, s

m t cc gi, h thng con.

Hng nhn thc hin (implementation view): ch ra kha cnh t chc ca cc

thnh phn code. M t t chc ca cc n th (module)phn mm tnh (nh mngun, tp tin d liu, thnhphn, tp tin thc thi, v cc thnhphn km theo khc)

trong mi trngpht trin. Dng s thnhphn trnh by.

Hng nhn xl (process view):M t cc kha cnh xy ra ng thi ca h thng

thi gian thc (run-time) (tasks, threads, processes ..). Tp trung vo s ng hnh,

song song, khi ng v ng h thng, kh nng chu ng h hng, v s phn tn

cc i tng.ch ra s tn ti song song/ trng hp trong h thng, hng n vn

giao tip v ng b ha trong h thng.

Hng nhn trin khai (deployment view): ch ra kha cnh trin khai h thng vo

cc kin trc vt l (cc my tnh hay trang thit b c coi l trm cng tc). Cho

thy cc tp tin thc thi v cc thnhphn khc nhau c trin khai trn cc h thng

nh th no.N gii quyt cc vn nh trin khai, ci t, v tc .Trong UML,

khung nhn ny c th s dng s trin khai m t.

Khi bn chn cng c v biu , hy chn cng c no to iu kin d dng chuyn t

hng nhn ny sang hng nhn khc. Ngoi ra, cho mc ch quan st mt chc nng s

c thit k nh th no, cng c ny cngphi to iu kin d dng cho bn chuyn sang

hng nhn Use case ( xem chc nng ny c miu t nh th no t pha tc nhn),hoc chuyn sang hng nhn trin khai ( xem chc nng ny s cphn b ra sao trong

cu trc vt l - Ni mt cch khc l n c th nm trong my tnh no).

Ngoi cc hng nhn k trn, ngnh cng nghipphn mm cn s dng c cc hng nhn

khc, v d hng nhn tnh-ng, hng nhn logic-vt l, quy trnh nghip v (workflow)

v cc hng nhn khc.UML khng yu cu chng ta phi s dng cc hng nhn ny,

nhng y cng chnh l nhng hng nhn m cc nh thit k ca UML ngh ti, nn c

kh nng nhiu cng c s da trn cc hng nhn .

3.1- Hng nhn Use case (Use case View):

Hng nhn Use case miu t chc nng ca h thng sphi cung cp do c tc nhn t

bn ngoi mong i. Tc nhn l thc th tng tc vi h thng; c th l mt ngi s

dng hoc l mt h thng khc. Hng nhn Use case l hng nhn dnh cho khch hng,

nh thit k, nh pht trin v ngi th nghim; n c miu t qua cc biu Use case

(use case diagram) v thnh thong cng bao gm c cc biu hot ng (activity

diagram). Cch s dng h thng nhn chung s c miu t qua mt lot cc Use case trong

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hng nhn Use case, ni mi mt Use case l mt li miu t mang tnh c th cho mt

tnh nng ca h thng (c ngha l mt chc nng c mong i).

Hng nhn Use case mang tnh trung tm, bi n t ra ni dung thc y s pht trin cc

hng nhn khc. Mc tiu chung ca h thng l cung cp cc chc nng miu t trong

hng nhn ny cng vi mt vi cc thuc tnh mang tnh phi chc nng khc v thhng nhn ny c nh hng n tt c cc hng nhn khc. Hng nhn ny cng c s

dng thm tra (verify) h thng qua vic th nghim xem hng nhn Use case c ng

vi mong i ca khch hng (Hi: "y cphi l th bn mun") cng nh c ng vi h

thng va c hon thnh (Hi: "H thng c hot ng nh c t?).

3.2- Hng nhn logic (Logical View):

Hng nhn logic miu tphng thc m cc chc nng ca h thng s c cung cp.Ch

yu n c s dng cho cc nh thit k v nh pht trin.Ngc li vi hng nhn Use

case, hng nhn logic nhn vopha bn trong ca h thng.N miu t k c cu trc tnh(lp, i tng, v quan h) cng nh s tng tc ng s xy ra khi cc i tng gi

thng ip cho nhau cung cp chc nng nh sn.Hng nhn logic nh ngha cc

thuc tnh nh trng tn (persistency) hoc song song (concurrency), cng nh cc giao

din cng nh cu trc ni ti ca cc lp.

Cu trc tnh c miu t bng cc biu lp (class diagram) v biu i tng (object

diagram).Qu trnh m hnh ha ng c miu t trong cc biu trng thi (state

diagram), biu trnh t (sequence diagram), biu tng tc (collaboration diagram) v

biu hot ng (activity diagram).

3.3- Hng nhn thc hin (Implementation View):

L mt li miu t ca vic thc thi cc modul cng nh s ph thuc gia chng vi

nhau.N thng c s dng cho nh pht trin v thng bao gm nhiu biu thnh

phn.Thnh phn y l cc modul lnh thuc nhiu loi khc nhau, s c ch ra trong

biu cng vi cu trc cng nh s ph thuc ca chng. Cc thng tin b sung v cc

thnhphn, v d nh v tr ca ti nguyn (trch nhim i vi mt thnhphn), hoc cc

thng tin qun tr khc, v d nh mt bn bo co v tin trnh ca cng vic cng c th

c b sung vo y.

3.4- Hng nhn x l (Process View):

Hng nhn song song nhm ti s chia h thng thnh cc qui trnh (process) v cc b x

l (processor).Kha cnh ny, vn l mt thuc tnh phi chc nng ca h thng, cho php

chng ta s dng mt cch hu hiu cc ngun ti nguyn, thc thi song song, cng nh x

l cc s kin khng ng b t mi trng.Bn cnh vic chia h thng thnh cc tiu trnh

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c th c thc thi song song, hng nhn ny cngphi quan tm n vn giao tip v

ng b ha cc tiu trnh .

Hng nhn song song ginh cho nh pht trin v ngi tch hp h thng, n bao gm cc

biu ng (trng thi, trnh t, tng tc v hot ng) cng cc biu thc thi (biu

thnhphn v biu trin khai).3.5- Hng nhn trin khai (Deployment View):

Cui cng, hng nhn trin khai ch cho chng ta s trin khai v mt vt l ca h

thng, v d nh cc my tnh cng nh cc my mc v s lin kt gia chng vi

nhau.Hng nhn trin khai ginh cho cc nhpht trin, ngi tch hp cng nh ngi th

nghim h thng v c th hin bng cc biu trin khai.Hng nhn ny cng bao gm

s nh x cc thnh phn ca h thng vo cu trc vt l; v d nh chng trnh no hay

i tng no s c thc thi trn my tnh no.

4. BIU (DIAGRAM)

Biu l cc hnh v bao gm cc k hiu phn t m hnh ha c sp xp

minh ha mt thnhphn c th hay mt kha cnh c th ca h thng. Mt m hnh

h thng thng c nhiu loi biu , mi loi c nhiu biu khc nhau.Mt biu

l mt thnhphn ca mt hng nhn c th; v khi c v ra, n thng thng

cng c xp vo mt hng nhn.Mt khc, mt s loi biu c th l thnh

phn ca nhiu hng nhn khc nhau, ty thuc vo ni dung ca biu .

Phn sau miu t cc khi nim cn bn nm ng sau mi loi biu . Tt c cc chi

tit v biu , ng cnh ca chng, ngha chnh xc ca chng v s tng tc giachng vi nhau c miu t chi tit trong cc chng sau (m hnh i tng m

hnh ng).Cc biu ly lm v d y c ly ra t nh iu loi h thng khc

nhau ch ra ntphongph v kh nng p dng rng khp ca ULM.

4.1- Biu Use case (Use Case Diagram):

Mt biu Use case ch ra mt s lng cc tc nhn ngoi cnh v mi lin kt ca

chng i viUse case m h thng cung cp. Mt Use case l mt li miu t ca

mt chc nng m h thng cung cp. Li miu t Use case thng l mt vn bn ti

liu, nhng km theo cng c th l mt biu hot ng. Cc Use case cmiu t duy nht theo hng nhn t ngoi vo ca cc tc nhn (hnh vi ca h thng

theo nh s mong i ca ngi s dng), khng miu t chc nng c cung cp s

hot ng ni b bn trong h thng ra sao. Cc Use case nh ngha cc yu cu v

mt chc nng i vi h thng.

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4.1.1- Vai tr ca m hnh use case:

Khi bt u xy dng mt snphmphn mm, nhmpht trinphi xc nh cc chc nng

m h thng cn phi thc hin l g. Biu use case c s dng xc nh cc chc

nng cng nh cc tc nhn (ngi s dng hay h thng khc) lin quan n h thng .

C th coi mt use case l tp hp ca mt lot cc kch bn (scenario) lin quan n vic s

dng h thng theo mt cch thc no . Mi kch bn (scenario) m t mt chui cc s

kin m mt ngi hay mt h thng khc kch hot vo h thng angpht trin theo tun t

thi gian. Nhng thc th to nn cc chui s kin nh th c gi l cc tc nhn (Actor).

Mt h thng s bao gm nhiu use case, lin kt vi nhau bi cc mi quan h no . Biu

use case c phn r thnh cc mc tng ng vi cc chc nng cc cp khc

nhau, nhn t quan im ngi s dng h thng. S cn thitphi xy dng biu use case

th hin qua mt s im sau:

- Use case l mt cng c tt ngi dng tip cn v m t cc chc nng ca h

thng theo quan im ca mnh. Biu use case c biu din trc quan, do

khch hng v nhng ngi dng tim nng ca h thng c th d dng m t c

nhng nh thc s ca mnh.

- Biu use case s lm cho khch hng v ngi dng tim nng tham gia cng

nhmpht trin trong bc khi u ca qu trnh phn tch thit k h thng. iu

ny s gip cho nhmpht trin v khch hng c c s thng nht chung v cc

chc nng thc s cn thit ca h thng.

- Biu use case l cs cho nhng bc tip theo ca qu trnhphn tch thit k h

thngphn mm. Da trn biu use case v cc scenario, ngipht trin h thng

s ch ra cc lp cn thit cng nh cc thuc tnh ca cc lp .

Cc mc tiu chnh cn t c ca cc use casel:

- Cn ch ra v m t c cc yu cu mang tnh chc nng ca h thng, y l kt

qu rt ra t s tha thun gia khch hng (v/hoc ngi s dng cui) v nhm

pht trinphn mm.- a ra mt m t r rng v nht qun v vic h thng cnphi lm g, lm sao

m hnh c th c s dng nht qun trong sut ton b qu trnh pht trin v to

thnh nn tng cho vic thit k cc chc nng sau ny.

- To nn mt nn tng cho cc bc kim th h thng, m bo h thng tha mn

ng nhng yu cu do ngi s dng a ra. Trong thc t thng l tr li cu

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hi: Liu h thng cui cng c thc hin nhng chc nng m khi u khch hng

ngh hay khng?

- Cung cp kh nng theo di qu trnh chuyn cc yu cu v mt chc nng thnh cc

lp c th cng nh ccphng thc c th trong h thng.

- n gin ha vic thay i v m rng h thng qua vic thay i v m rng mhnh Use Case. Khi h thng cn thay i (thm bt cc chc nng no ), ngi

pht trin h thng ch cn b sung trong biu use case cho ph hp, sau ch

theo di ring nhng use case b thay i cng nhng nh hng ca chng trong

thit k h thng v xy dng h thng.

Nhng cng vic c th cn thit to nn mt m hnh Use Case bao gm:

1. Xc nh cc tc nhn v cc Use Case

2. Xc nh cc mi quan h vphn r biu use case

3. Biu din cc use case thng qua cc kch bn

4. Kim tra v hiu chnh m hnh

4.1.2- Xy dng biu use case

Phn ny s trnh by qu trnh xy dng biu use case theo UML v p dng trong b

cng c Rational Rose.

Bc 1: Tm cc tc nhn v cc use case

tm cc tc nhn, ngipht trin h thng cn tr li cc cu hi sau:

- Ai (hay h thng no) s l ngi s dng nhng chc nng chnh ca h thng?

(tr li cu hi ny ta s tm c cc tc nhn chnh).

- Ai cn s h tr ca h thng thc hin nhng cng vic hng ngy ca h?

- Ai s cn bo tr, qun tr v m bo cho h thng hot ng (tc nhn ph)?

- H thng sphi x l v lm vic vi nhng trang thit bphn cng no?

- H thng cn phi tng tc vi cc h thng no khc? Cn phn bit h thngm chng cnphi xy dng vi cc h thng s tng tc vi n. Ngha l, cn

xc nh r bin gii gia h thng yu cu xy dng vi h thng khc c th

bao gm cc h thng my tnh cng nh cc ng dng khc trong chnh chic

my tnh m h thng ny s hot ng trong tng lai.

- Ai hay ci g quan tm n kt qu m h thng s sn s inh ra?

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Xem xt bi ton qun l h sbnh n, cc chc nng chnh ca h thng qun l h s

bnh n c thc hin bi bc s ca . Nh vy, chng ta c 1 tc nhn l bc s.

T tc nhn tm c trn, ngipht trin h thng s tm ra cc use case qua vic xem

xt cc cu hi sau trn mi tc nhn:

- Tc nhn cn chc nng no t h thng. Hnh ng chnh ca tc nhn ny lg?

- Tc nhn cnphi xem, cp nht hay lu tr thng tin g trong h thng?

- Tc nhn c cn thng bo cho h thng nhng s kin no hay khng? Nhng

s kin nh th i din cho nhng chc nng no?

- H thng c cn thng bo cho tc nhn khi c thay i trong h thng hay

khng?

- H thng cn c nhng chc nng g n gin ha cc cng vic ca tc nhn?

Trong bi ton qun l h sbnh n m chng ta ang xt, tc nhn bc s s thc hin cp

nht cc thng tin lin quan n bnh nhn v cc thng tin v bnh n ca bnh nhn .

Da vo , ta xc nh c mt s use case nh: tm kim, thm, xa, sa bnh nhn

hay bnh n ca bnh nhn .

Ngoi ra, use case cn c xc nh thng qua cc cu hi khc nh sau:

- Ngoi cc tc nhn, cc chc nng ca h thng cn c th c sinh ra bi s

kin no khc (nh s kin thi gian, tc ng ca chc nng khc, ).

- H thng cn nhng thng tin u vo, u ra no?

Trong bi ton qun l h sbnh n, cp nht c thng tin, bc sphi thng qua vic

ng nhp h thng. Hay ni cch khc, s kin ng nhp h thng s l iu kin cho use

case cp nht. Vy ta s cn thm use case cp nht.

Bc 2: Xc nh mi quan h v phn r biu use case

Trong s use case, cc dng quan h s c s dng trong cc trng hp tng ng nh

sau:

- Quan h : s dng ch ra rng mt use case c s dng bi

mt use case khc.

- Quan h m rng : s dng ch ra rng mt use case c m

rng t mt use case khc bng cch thm vo mt chc nng c th.

- Quan h generalization: biu th use case ny l tng qut cn use case kia l c

th ha ca use case .

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- Quan h kt hp: thng dng biu din mi lin h gia actor v cc use case

(mt actor kch hot mt use case).

Da trn cc mi quan h trn, biu use case c biu din li thnh dngphn cp gi l

phn r biu use case. Nguyn tcphn r biu use case nh sau:

- Xc nh s use case mc tng qut: t tp tc nhn v use case c xcnh bc trc, ngipht trin cn tm ra cc chc nng chnh ca h thng.

Cc chc nng nyphi c tnh tng qut, d dng nhn thy c trn quan im

ca cc tc nhn. Cc dng quan h thng dng trong s use case mc tng

qut l quan h kt hp, quan h tng qut ha v quan h include.

V d trong bi ton qun l h sbnh n, xt trn quan im ca cc tc nhn bc s, cc

chc nng tng qut ca h thng l: ng nhp, qun l bnh nhn, qun l bnh n, qun l

bc s, tm kim. Trong cc use case ny, use case cp nht include chc nng ca use case

ng nhp (Hnh 4.1.1).

Hnh4.1.1:Biuusecasemctngquttrongbitonqunlh sbnh n

Quan Ly Ho So Benh An

DangNhap

QLBenhNhan

TimKiem

QLBenhAn

BacSi

QLBacSi

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Bc 3: Biu din cc use case bi kch bn (scenario)

Sau khi hon thnh phn r biu use case, cng vic tip theo ca ngipht trin h

thng l biu din cc scenario tng ng vi cc use case . Cc scenario c biu din

theo mu chung nh trong Bng 4.1.3.

Tn use case Thm Bnh nTc nhn chnh Bc SMc 2

Ngi chu trchnhim

Ngi qun l h sbnh n

Tin iu kin Bc sphi ng nhp vo h thngKch hot Bc s chn chc nng Thm trong menum bo thnh cng Thng tin c thm vo CSDLChui s kin chnh 1. Bc s chn chc nng Thm trong menu

2. H thng hin thform v yu cu Bc s nhp thngtin bnh n ca bnh nhn khi nhp vin.

3. Bc s nhp thng tin bnh n v nhn nt OK 4. H thng kim tra thng tin bnh n do bc s nhp

vo v xc nhn thng tin bnh n nhp vo l hpl.

5. H thng thm bnh n vo CSDL.6. H thng thng bo thm bnh n thnh cng.

Ngoi l 4. H thng thng bo thng tin bnh n khng hp l, bcs c nhp na khng?

1. Bc s nhn nt c, quay li bc 2.2. Bc s nhn nt Khng, h thng thot khi chc

nng nhp thng tin bnh n.

Bng 4.1.3: Biu din scenario cho use case thm bnh n trong bi ton qun l h sbnh

n.

Bc 4: Hiu chnh m hnh

Bc ny thc hin kim tra li ton b biu use case, b sung hoc thay i cc thng tin

nu cn thit. Trong bc ny, ton b biu use case cng cc scenario v cc ti liu khc

lin quan s c chuyn cho khch hng xem xt. Nu khch hng c iu g cha nht tr,

nhmpht trin s phi sa i li biu use case cho ph hp. Bc ny ch kt thc khi

khch hng v nhmpht trin h thng c c s thng nht.

4.1.3- Xy dng biu use case trong Rational Rose

Biu use case c xy dng trong Use Case View ca Rational Rose (Hnh 4.4). Cc

cng c thng thng s dng trong biu use case gm use case, actor, cc quan h

association v dependency u xut hin trong ToolBox tng ng ca biu use case.

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Cc bc xy dng biu use case trong Rational Rose l:

1. Biu din cc tc nhn

2. Biu din v c t cc use case mc tng qut

3. Biu din cc mi quan h

4. Phn r biu use case v c t cc use case mc thp

Hnh 4.1.4: Giao din ca biu use case

Bc 1: Biu din cc tc nhn. thm vo biu mt tc nhn, ta thc hin cc bc

sau:

- B1. Chn cng c actor trn hp cng c

- B2. a con tr vo vng mn hnh diagram v t vo v tr thch hp

- B3. M ca s c t actor v vit tn ca tc nhn

Bc 2: Biu din cc use case mc cao

- B1. Chn cng c use case trn hp cng c

- B2. a con tr vo mn hnh diagram v t use case cn to vo v tr thch hp

- B3. M ca s c t use case, t tn cho use case v m t cc thng tin khc.

Ca s Specification ca mt use case c biu din nh trong Hnh 4.1.5. Trong ca s

ny c cc thanh Tab:

- Tab General a ra cc thng tin chung v use case nh tn, kiu

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- Tab Diagram cho bit cc biu i km ca use case (khi m rng mt use

case th biu mc di s xut hin y).

- Tab Relations lit k cc mi quan h ca use case vi cc use case v actor

khc.

- Tab Files l cc file km theo use case (c th l cc scenario hoc cc dng filekhc).

Hnh4.1.5:Casctmtusecase

Bc 3: Biu din v c t cc quan h

- B1.Chn kiu quan h tng ng trong hp cng c: (quan h association,

dependency).

- B2. t con tr vo i tng khi u quan h (actor hoc use case) v ko n

i tng cui.

- B3. M ca s c t quan h chn kiu quan h v t tn quan h cng mts thng tin khc.

Tng t vi cc use case, quan h gia cc use case cng c mt ca s c t tng ng.

Mt trong nhng im quan trng nht trong c t mt quan h gia cc use case l ch ra

stereotype ca quan h . Hnh 4.1.6 l ca s c t quan h kiu ph thuc

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(Dependency).Hnh 4.1.7.a v 4.1.7.b: l haiTab khc nhau ca ca s c t quan h dng

kt hp (association).

Hnh4.1.6:CasctmtquanhdngDependency

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i n C u M Nh M n CNPM

P

Hnh4.1.7.b:ctquanhassociationTabRole General

Hnh4.1.7.a:ctquanhassociationTabGeneral

Bc 4: Phn r bi u use case.

Mttrong nh ng nhim v ca bc xy dng bi u use case l hi hn r bi u usecase. thc hin c ng vic ny, chng ta lm theo hai bc sau:

- B1: Nhn chut hi vo use case tng ng cn hn r trong Browser Window

v chn ch c nng xy dng se Case Diagram mi (Hnh 4.1.8).

- B2: V biu use case m c th tng t nh biu use case m c cao.

Khi to xong biu use case m c th , biu ny s xut hin ha di use case tng

ng trong Browser Window (Hnh 4.1.9).

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Hnh4.1.8:Phnrusecase

Hnh 4.1.9:Mt s use case mc 2

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Rational Rose cng chophp gn km cc file vo trong biu use case. Chng ta c th li

dng chc nng ny gn cc file biu din scenario vo trong use case tng ng (Hnh

4.1.10).

Hnh4.1.10:Gnfilevomtusecase

4.2- Biu i tng (Object Diagram)

y Domain model:o Biu din mt cch trc quan cc lp (mc quan nim, ch c thuc tnh, khng

cphng thc) hoc cc i tng (th gii thc, hay cn gi l cc thc th)trongphm vi bi ton (problem domain).

o M t hng nhn tnh ca mt h thng bng cc khi nim lp v mi lin hgia chng vi nhau.

o Mc ch l to nn tng cho cc bie6u3d9o62 khc, th hin cc kha cnhkhc ca h thng (v d nh trng thi ca i tng hay cng tc ng giacc i tng, c ch ra trong cc biu ng).

y Cc bc xy dngo Xc nh cc lp:

Nghin cu k tt c cc use case v scenario tm ra cc danh t cvai tr no trong cc scenario cc danh t ny s tr thnh cc lpng c vin

Loi b cc lpng c vin khng thch hp:y Lp d tha: do c hai hay nhiu danh t cng ch mt thc th

nn ta ch cn gi li mt t duy nht v loi b cc t khc

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y Danh t khng thch hp: l cc danh t khng lien quan nphm vi ca bi ton

y Danh t m t nhng lp khng r rng: l cc danh t hockhng biu din mt thc th c th hoc cc khi nim khngr ngha.

y Cc danh t ch l mt vai tr (role) trong mi lien h vi mtlp khc

y Cc danh t biu din cc cng c xy dng phn mm hoccc thut ng trong lp trnh hay thut ton (v d stack, list,array,).

y Xc nh cc mi lin h gia cc lp:o Lien h l mt s kt ni gia cc lp, mt lien quan v ng ngha gia cc i

tng ca cc lp tham gia.o Lien h thng thng mang tnh hai chiu, c ngha khi mt i tng ny c

lien h vi mt i tng khc th c hai i tng ny nhn thy nhauo Xc nh lien h, tr li cu hi: i tng ny c cn bit thng tin g ca i

tng kia hay khng? o Cc loi lin h:

y Xc nh cc thuc tnh ca cc lp:o Da trn tp cc lp c xc nh, tip tc nghin cu k cc use case v

scenario v tr li cc cu hi sau: Vi mi lp, nhng danh t no m t thng tin ca lp tm ra cc

thuc tnh. Nhng thng tin no ca lp thc s lien quan n lnh vc quan tm

ca h thng loi b cc thuc tnh khng cn thit Nhng thng tin no l thng tin ring ca lp (cc thuc tnh private),

nhng thng tin no c th chia s trong mi lien h vi lp khc (cc

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thuc tnhprotected hocpublic).

Thc hin thao tc trn cho ng dng qun l h sbnh n ta c object diagramnh hnh sau:

4.3- Biu lp (Class Diagram)

y l s m t cc lp, cc giao din (interface) v cc mi lien h gia chng cho tamt khung nhn tnh ca cc lp trong m hnh.

y Lin h ton th - bphn (Whole -part):o Aggregation: cho bit th hin ca 1 lp s bao gm hoc cha cc th hin ca

lp khc.o Composition: ging nh aggregation, c thm cng gn kt (coincident

khoa

akh

tenkh

duo pha

adp

tendp

dvt

dongia

han d

nuo x

nga

x

hitietdonthuo

adonthuo

aduo pha

lthuo

thanhtien

ghi hu

ah ba

1..n

1..n1..n

1..n

benhnhan

abn

tenbn

gioitinh

dia hi

nga inh

ba i

ab

tenb

gioitinh

nga inh

dia hi

dt

akh

1..n

1

1..n

1ho oba

ah ba

nga lapba

dienbienbenh

nga xn

ketqua

a ddt

0..n 0..10..n 0..1

huandoandieutri

ngakha

a ddt

ab

abn0..1 0..n 0..10..n

1

1

0..1 0..n 0..10..n

1

1

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lifetime, khi whole c to th part cng c to, khi whole b xa th partcng b xa).

o Xc nh Composition hay Aggregation: tr li cu hi part c th sng 1 mnhm khng cn c whole hay khng? Nu c, l Aggregation, nu khng lComposition.

y Lp lien h (association class): mt lp c th c nh km theo mt lin h, sdng khi c mi lien h nhiu nhiu gia 2 lp.

y Hng dn to s Class Diagram trong rational roseo truy cp s main class

Nhp + (du cng) cnh mc Logical View trong trnh duyt mn. S main class s xut hin Nhp p s main class m n

o to mt s class diagram mi: Nhpphi mc Logical View trong trnh duyt Chn New Class Diagram Nhp tn s mi Nhp p s trong trnh duyt m n

o m mt s Class hin c: nh v so8 Class trong kiu xem Logical ca trnh duyt Nhp p s m n

y ng dng to biu ClassDiagram trong qun l h s bnh n ta cbiu nhsau:

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chuyn i trng thi (State Transition).Mt chuyn i trng thi cng c th c mt hnh

ng lin quan, xc nh iu gphi c thc hin khi s chuyn i trng thi ny din ra.

Biu trng thi khng c v cho tt c cc lp, m ch ring cho nhng lp c mt s

lng cc trng thi c nh ngha r rng v hnh vi ca lp b nh hng v thay i qua

cc trng thi khc nhau. Biu trng thi cng c th c v cho h thng tng th.

Hnh4.4.1: V d v biu trng thi

Trng thi ca i tng th hin qua cc thuc tnh ca i tng :

y Reactive objects: trng thi ca cc thc th.y Use case operations: trng thi ca h thng.

1.4.1. Cc k hiu:y Trng thi (State): l mt trong chu k sng ca mt phn t tha mn mt s

iu kin, ang thc hin mt s hnh ng hoc ang ch mt s kin.y S kin (event): l hnh ng gy ra s thay i trng thi ca mtphn t.y State-dependent object: khi c s kin tc ng n, i tng sphn ng li

theo nhiu cch khc nhau ty thuc vo trng thi hin ti ca n.y State- independent object: khi c s kin tc ng n, i tng sphn ng

li theo cng mt cch bt chp trng thi hin ti ca n l g.

1.4.2. Cc bc xy dng:y Reactive objects:

o Xc nh cc i tngph thuc trng thi (state-dependent object) -> Domain model.

o Xc nh cc trng thi c th c ca cc i tng trn.o Xc nh cc s kin gy ra s thay i trng thi.

y Use case operations:o Chn use caseo Xc nh cc trng thi c th c ca h thng trong use case trno Xc nh cc s kin gy ra s thay i trng thi ca h thng ->

System operations.To s state diagram trong qun l h sbnh n nh hnh 4.4.2

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Hnh 4.4.2: S State Diagram ca thm bnh n trong qun l h sbnh n

To s

Nhpphi lp v la chn New Statechart Diagram

B sung cc trng thi m u v ngng

1- La chn State t hp cng c2- t trng thi trn s3- La End State t hp cng c4- t trng thi trn s

Bsung cc trng thi1- La State t hp cng c2- t trng thi trn s3- t tn cho trng thi l cho nhp thng tin bnh n4- La chn State t hp cng c5- t trng thi trn s6- t tn trng thi l kim tra thng tin bnh n

ho hapThongTinBenhAn

Kiem a hong inBenhAn Chodong

hembenhankha

Thembenhanmoi

YeuCauThemBenhAn

hap hong inbenhan

[ aCo ][Khong ! opLe ]

[ ! opLe]

[Co]

[Khong]

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7- La State t hp cng c8- t tn trng thi l Thm bnh n mi9- La State t hp cng c10-t tn trng thi l Cho ng thm bnh n

Bsung cc giai on chuyn tip1- La giai on chuyn tip t hp cng c2- Nhp Start State3- Ko ng chuyn tip n trng thi cho nhp thng tin bnh n4- Lp li cc bc 1-3 b sung cc giai on chuyn tip sau y:

a. cho nhp thng tin bnh n to kim tra thng tin bnh nb. kim tra thng tin bnh n to thm bnh n mic. thm bnh n mi to kim tra thng tin bnh nd. kim tra thng tin bnh n to cho ng thm bnh ne. cho ng thm bnh n to cho nhp thng tin bnh nf. cho ng thm bnh n to End Stateg. thm bnh n mi to End State

Bsung cc chi tit cho giai on chuyn tip1- Nhp p giai on chuyn tip Start State to cho nhp thng tin bnh n

m nh chun.2- La tab detail3- Trong trng Guard Condition, nhp yu cu thm bnh n

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4- Nhp OK ng nh chun ta c hnh nh sau:

5- Lp li cc bc 1-4 b sung cc iu kin vo cc giai on chuyn tip sauy:

a. [nhp thng tin bnh n] gia cho nhp thng tin bnh n v kim trathng bnh n

b. [Khng hp l] gia cho nhp thng tin bnh n v kim tra thng tinbnh n

c. [ c] gia kim tra thng tin bnh n v cho ng thm bnh nkhc

d. [C] gia cho ng thm bnh n khc v cho nhp thng tin bnhn

e. [Hp l] gia kim tra thng tin bnh n v thm bnh n mif. [Khng] gia cho ng thm bnh n khc v End State

Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn ta c hnh nhsau:

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4.5- Biu trnh t (Sequence Diagram)

Mt biu trnh t ch ra mt cng tc ng gia mt lot cc i tng.Kha cnh quan

trng ca biu ny l ch ra trnh t cc thng ip (message) c gi gia cc i

tng.N cng ch ra trnh t tng tc gia cc i tng, iu s xy ra ti mt thi im

c th no trong trnh t thc thi ca h thng.Cc biu trnh t cha mt lot cc i

tng c biu din bng cc ng thng ng.Trc thi gian c hng t trn xung ditrong biu , v biu ch ra s trao i thng ip gia cc i tng khi thi gian tri

qua.Cc thng ip c biu din bng cc ng gch ngang gn lin vi mi tn (biu th

thng ip) ni lin gia nhng ng thng ng th hin i tng.Trc thi gian cng

nhng li nhn xt khc thng s c a vophn l ca biu .

y Sequence Diagram: l s m t s tng tc gia cc i tng theo

hng thi gian, nhn mnh th t thc hin cc tng tc.

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y Mi quan h gia s tng tc vs lp:

y Cc k hiu: Singleton Objects:

Messages:

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Reply orreturns: 2 cch th hin

Messages to self or this:

Creation ofInstances:

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Looping construct:

Conditional Messages: 2 cch th hin

5 nguyn l cbn:o Controller:

Vn : i tng no ng sau UI layer nhn s tng tc caActor v iu khin cc hot ng ca h thng?

Gii quyt:y Faade controller: x l cho ton b h thng, l i tng

root.y Session controller: x l cho mt use case c th no .

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o Creator: Vn : i tng no to ra i tng no to ra i tng A? Gii quyt: i tng B to ra i tng B khi:

y B containsA (cha)y B records A (ghi nhn)

y B closely uses A (s dng)y B has the initializing data forA (khi to d liu)

o Information Expert: Vn : i tng no nm gi thng tin ca i tng A? Gii quyt: b sung thao tc ly thng tin

o Low coupling: Vn : lm sao gim s nh hng khi c s thay i, ni cch

khc l gim s mc ni, sph thuc ln nhau? Gii quyt: s ln gi hm n i tng khc l t nht c th

o High Cohesion:

Vn : lm sao a cc thao tc vo ng trch nhim ca cc itng? Gii quyt:phn r trch nhim ca tng i tng c th

To s SequenceDiagram trong qun l h sbnh n nhhnh sau:o Use case thm bnh n o To s Sequence:

1. Nhpphi trong m hnh hot v h thng trong trnh duyt2. La New -> Sequence Diagram3. t tn cho s mi4. Nhp p s mi m n

o Bsung cc tc vin v cc i tng vo s1. Ko tc vin Bc S t trnh duyt ln s2. La nt object t thanh cng c3. Nhp gn nh ca s b sung i tng4. Lp li cc bc trn b sung cc i tng khc vo s

o Bsung cc thng ip vo s1. La nt thanh cng c object message2. Ko t ng ca cc tc vin Bc S n ng ca form chinh3. Vi thng ip chn, bn g chn chc nng qun l bnh nhn4. Lp li cc bc 2 v 3 b sung thm cc thng ip vo s, nh

nu di y.a. Load form quan ly benh nhan (gia form chinh v form

benhnhan)b. Nhap thong tin benh nhan (gia BacSi v form benhnhan)c. ArrayList=Addbenhnhan(thongtin) (gia form benhnhan v

Ctrlbenhnhan)d. ArrayList=Add(thongtin) (gia CtrlBenhnhan v Benhnhan)

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e. [check=true]benhnhan:=Insert(thongtin) (gia CtrlBenhnhan vBenhnhan)

f. True (gia Benhnhan v CtrlBenhnhan)g. True (gia Ctrlbenhnhan v formbenhnhan)h. Thong bao thanh cong (formbenhnhan v bacsi)

Saukhi hon tt cc bc trn ta c s SequenceDiagram nhsau:

4.6- Biu cng tc (Collaboration Diagram)

Mt biu cng tc ch ra mt s cng tc ng, cng g ing nh mt biu trnh

t.T

hng ngi ta s chn hoc dng biu trnh t hoc dng biu cng tc.Bn cnhvic th hin s trao i thng ip (c gi l tng tc), biu cng tc ch ra cc i

tng v quan h ca chng (nhiu khi c gi l ng cnh). Vic nn s dng biu trnh

t hay biu cng tc thng s c quyt nh theo nguyn tc chung sau: Nu thi gian

hay trnh t l yu t quan trng nht cnphi nhn mnh th hy chn biu trnh t; nu

ng cnh l yu t quan trng hn, hy chn biu cng tc. Trnh t tng tc gia cc i

tng c th hin trong c hai loi biu ny.

Biu cng tc c v theo dng mt biu i tng, ni mt lot cc i tng c

ch ra cng vi mi quan h gia chng vi nhau (s dng nhng k hiu nh trong biu

lp/ biu i tng). Cc mi tn c v gia cc i tng ch ra dng chy thngip gia cc i tng. Cc thng ip thng c nh km theo cc nhn (label), mt

trong nhng chc nng ca nhn l ch ra th t m cc thng ip c gi i. N cng c

th ch ra cc iu kin, ch ra nhng gi tr c tr v, v.v... Khi lm quen vi cch vit

nhn, mt nhpht trin c th c biu cng tc v tun th theo dng thc thi cng nh

s trao i thng ip. Mt biu cng tc cng c th cha c cc i tng tch cc

(active objects), hot ng song song vi cc i tng tch cc khc.

: BacSi: BacSi : FormChinh: FormChinh : FormBenhNhan: FormBenhNhan : CtrlBenhNhan: CtrlBenhNhan : BenhNhan: BenhNhan

1: Chon chuc nang quan ly benh nhan

2: Load form quan ly benh nhan

3: Nhap thong tin benh nhan

4: ArrayList:=AddBenhNhan(thongtin)

5: ArrayList:=Add(thongtin)

6: [Chec"

=true]BenhNhan:=Insert(thongtin)

7: True

8: True

9: Thong bao thanh cong

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Collaboration Diagram: l s m t s tng tc gia cc i tng theo hngthng ip (message), nhn mnh n mi quan h v s b tr gia cc i tngtrong tng tc .

to 1 s Collaboration t s Sequence, bn c th nhn f5 hoc nu thch to1 s Colaboration t u, bn theo cc bc nu kh i qut y.

To 1 s Collaboration1. Nhpphi QLBenhnhan trong m hnh hot v h thng trong trnh duyt2. La New -> Collaboration Diagram3. t tn s mi4. Nhp p s mi m

Bsung tc vin v cc i tng vo s1. Ko tc vin bacsi t trnh duyt ln s2. La nt object t thanh cng c3. Nhp bt k u vo bn trong s b sung i tng4. t tn i tng mi

5. Lp li cc bc 2-4 b sung cc i tng khc vo s Bsung cc thng ip vo s

1. La nt thanh cng c Object Link2. Ko t tc vin bacsi n i tng formchinh3. Lp li bc 1-2 b sung cc ni kt gia cc mc sau y:

a. Bacsi v formbenhnhanb. Formchinh va formbenhnhanc. Formbenhnhan v bacsid. Formbenhnhan v ctrlbenhnhane. Ctrlbenhnhan v formbenhnhanf. Ctrlbenhnhan v benhnhang. Benhnhan v ctrlbenhnhan

4. La nt thanh cng c Link message5. Nhp trn kt ni gia bacsi v formchinh6. Vi thng ip la, bn g chn chc nng qun l bnh nhn7. Lp li cc bc 4-6 b sung thm cc thng ip vo s:

a. Load form quan ly benh nhan (gia form chinh v form benhnhan)b. Nhap thong tin benh nhan (gia BacSi v form benhnhan)

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c. ArrayList=Addbenhnhan(thongtin) (gia form benhnhan vCtrlbenhnhan)

d. ArrayList=Add(thongtin) (gia CtrlBenhnhan v Benhnhan)e. [check=true]benhnhan:=Insert(thongtin) (gia CtrlBenhnhan v

Benhnhan)

f. True (gia Benhnhan v CtrlBenhnhan)g. True (gia Ctrlbenhnhan v formbenhnhan)h. Thong bao thanh cong (formbenhnhan v bacsi)

Sau khi hon tt ta c biu Collaboration Diagram nhsau:

4.7- Biu hot ng (Activity)

Mt biu hot ng ch ra mt trnh t ln lt ca cc hot ng (act ivity).Biu hot

ng thng c s dng miu t cc hot ng c thc hin trong mt th tc, mcd n cng c th c s dng miu t cc dng chy hot ng khc, v d nh trong

mt Use case hay trong mt trnh t tng tc. Biu hot ng bao gm cc trng thi

hnh ng, cha c t ca mt hot ng cnphi c thc hin (mt hnh ng - action).

Mt trng thi hnh ng s qua i khi hnh ng c thc hin xong (khc vi biu

trng thi: mt trng thi ch chuyn sang trng thi khc sau khi xy ra mt s kin r

rng !). Dng iu khin y chy gia cc trng thi hnh ng lin kt vi nhau.Biu

: BacSi

: FormChinh : FormBenhNhan

: CtrlBenhNhan

: BenhNhan

1: Chon chuc nang quan ly benh nhan

2: Load form quan ly benh nhan

3: Nhap thong tin benh nhan

4: ArrayList:=AddBenhNhan(thongtin)

5: A rrayList:=Add(thongtin)

6: [Check=true]BenhNhan:=Insert(thongtin)7: True

8: True

9: Thong bao thanh cong

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cn c th ch ra cc quyt nh, cc iu kin, cng nh phn thc thi song song ca cc

trng thi hnh ng.Biu ngoi ra cn c th cha cc loi c t cho cc thng ip

c gi i hoc c nhn v, trong t cch l thnhphn ca hnh ng c thc hin.

ngha:

- Biu din s thc hin mt cng vic hoc mt nhim v trong dng cng vic

- N cng m t vic thc hin mt th thc chng trnh trong giai on thit k chng

trnh

K hiu:

- M t dng chuyn dch iu khin, khi mt hot ng hon thnh, dng iu khin s t

ng chuyn dch sang mt hot ng khc.

K hiu:

- iu kin r nhnh:

o Chophp thitlps chuyndch ca dng iukhintrn nhiu tnh hung

chnla khc nhau.

o Mt iu kinr nhnh baogmmt dngvov nhiu dng ra

o Trn mi dng ra ta tmt iukinkim tra. Trong trng hp

iukinkimtra ng, dng chuyndchiukhinsi qua nhnh ny vdo hot ng tiptheo ca nhnh s c thc hin.

- K hiu:

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y Ls m t cc dng cng vic (workflow) trong:o Business Processes (quy trnh nghip v)o Use case operations

y Cc k hiu:

o Hot ng (activity): l 1 n v cng vic cn thc hin.o Trng thi (state): l 1 im ch 1 bin c (s kin) xy ra trc khi hot

ng c tip tc.

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o Chuyn tip (transition): l s di chuyn t hot ng ny sang hot ngkhc.

o im quyt nh (decision point): l mt im m ti hot ng c th rnhnh theo cc hng khc nhau ty thuc vo iu kin.

o ng b (synchronization): l cc hot ng cn c thi hnh song song.

o ng phn dng (swimlane): l cc ct dung gom nhm cc hot ng,cho bit mt hot ng xy ra u trong h thng.

y Hng dn to cc s hot ng trong qun l h sbnh n b sung 1 s hot ng, ta dung ca s trnh duyt. Sauk hi s c to, tac th b sung cc hot ng, cc giai on chuyn tip, v ccphn t s hotng khc. Trong on ny, ta s cp n cc mu khc nhau ca s hot ngv cch b sung chng.

bsung 1 s hot ng1. Nhpphi hot v trong trnh duyt2. La New -> Activity Diagram3. Nu y l s hot ng u tin ca 1 hot v,Rose s to 1 mc c tn

State/Activity Model di hot v trong trnh duyt, s hot ng mi, vmi s hot ng khc ca hot v ny, s c t di mcState/Activity Model ny.

4. G tn ca s mi

Bsung cc hot ng v cc hnh ngy bsung mt hot ng

1. La biu tng hot ng t thanh cng c

2. Nhp bt k u bn trong s t hot ng3. G tn hot ng

y bsung mt hnh ng1- Nhpphi hot ng2- La Open Specification3- La tab Actions4- Nhpphi bt k u trong vng trng bn trong tab ri la insert5- Mt hnh ng mi s c b sung vo danh sch, kiu ngm nh ca

n l Entry6- Nhp p hnh ng mi (t Entry). Ca s nh chun hnh ng s m.

7- Trong hp lit k th When, la ty chn On Entry, On Exit, Do, hoc OnEvent.

8- Nu la On Event, bn nhp s kin, cc i s, v iu kin vo cctrng thch hp

9- Nhp tn ca hnh ng trong trng Name10-Nhn OK tr v ca s nh chun hot ng11- xa mt hnh ng, bn nhpphi n trn tab Actions ca ca s nh

chun hot ng ri la Detele.

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12-Nhpphi nhp mt hnh ng khc, hoc nhn OK ng ca snh chun hot ng.

Bsung cc i tng v cc lung i tngy bsung mt i tng

1. La biu tng Object t thanh cng c2. Nhp bt k u bn trong s t i tng3. G tn i tng4. Nhpphi v la Open Specification5. Nu nh ngha 1 lp cho i tng, bn la lp trong trng

class6. Nu mun nh du trng thi ca i tng, bn la 1 trng thi t

hp lit k th trong trng State. Nu khng sn c cc trng thihoc nu thch b sung mt trng th i, bn la . Ca s StateSpecification s m. Nhp tn trng thi mi v nhn OK

y

bsung mt lung i tng1. La biu tng Object Flow t thanh cng c

2. Ko th t hot ng thay i i tng n chnh i tng, hoc t itng n hot ng dng n

3. Rose s v mt lung i tng (mi tn gch cch)

Bsung cc giai on chuyn tip v cc iu kin:y bsung mt giai on chuyn tip:

1. La biu tng Transition t thanh cng c2. Ko th t mt hot ng sang mt hot ng khc3. Rose s v mt giai on chuyn tip gia 2 hot ng

y bsung mt s kin:1. Nhpphi giai on chuyn tip2. La Open Specification. Ca s nh chun giai on chuyn tip xut

hin.3. G s kin trong trng Event. Nu c cc i s cho s kin, bn nhp

chng trong trng Argumentsy b sung mt iu kin

y Nhpphi giai on chuyn tipy La Open Specification. Ca s nh chun giai on chuyn tip xut hin.y La tab Detaily G iu kin trong trng Guard Condition

Cngc thb sungcc iu kin trc tip trn mi tn chuyn tip, bao iu kintrongdu ngoc vung.Thc hin theo cc bc trn ta s c biu hot ng (Activity Diagram) trongqun l h sbnh n nh hnh 4.7.1:

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Hnh 4.7.1: Biu hot ng (Activity Diagram) ca thm bnh n trong qun l h sbnh n

Yeu#au them thong

tin benh an

Nhap thong tinbenh an

Them thong tinmoi?

Hien thi fo$ m thembenh an

Kiem t$a thong

tin

Thong bao thong tin% hong hop le

Thong bao thongtin nay da # o

Them thong t inmoi

Thong bao them thongtin moi thanh # ong

SystemBacSi

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4.8- Biu thnh phn (Component Diagram)

Mt biu thnhphn ch ra cu trc vt l ca cc dng lnh (code) theo khi nim thnh

phn code. Mt thnhphn code c th l mt tp tin source code, mt thnhphn nhphn

(binary) hay mt thnhphn thc thi c (executable).Mt thnhphn cha cc thng tin v

cc lp logic hoc cc lp m n thi hnh, nh th c ngha l n to ra mt nh x t hngnhn logic vo hng nhn thnh phn.Biu thnh phn cng ch ra nhng s ph thuc

gia cc thnhphn vi nhau, tr gip cho cng vicphn tch hiu ng m mt thnhphn

c thay i s gy ra i vi cc thnhphn khc.Thnhphn cng c th c miu t

vi bt k loi giao din no m chng bc l, v d nh giao din OLE/COM; v chng c

th c nhm gp li vi nhau thnh tng gi (package).Biu thnhphn c s dng

trong cng vic lp trnh c th.

y L s m t cc thnh phn phn mm ca h thng (software components) v

sph thuc gia chng -> s kin trc h thngphn mm

y Thnhphnphn mm: l module chc nng ca h thng, c th l:

o Gi th vin .jar (java) hoc .dll (Microsoft)

o Chng trnhphc v .exe

o Dch v h thng (service)

y To s Component trong qun l h sbnh n

Trong Rose, bn c th to cc s omponent trong kiu xem Component. Sau khi to cc

cc s, bn c th to cc thnhphn trc tip trn s hoc ko cc thnhphn hin ct trnh duyt vo s

to 1 s component trong kiu xem component

1. Trong trnh duyt nhpphi gi s cha s component2. Chn New Component Diagrams3. Nhp tn ca s Component

Hoc

1. Chn Round Component Diagrams. Thao tc ny hin th ca s Select ComponentDiagram

2. Chn gi mun dung3. Chn [New] t hpComponent Diagram ri nhp OK4. Nhp tn s Component mi ri nhp OK

Bsung cc thnh phn

y b sung 1 thnhphn

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o La thnhphn t thanh cng c trong hp cng co Nhp trn s ni s t thnhphn mio Nhp 1 tn cho thnhphn mi

Hoc

o La Tools Create Componento Nhp trn s ni s t thnhphn mio Nhp 1 tn cho thnhphn mi

Hoc

o Trong trnh duyt nhpphi gi cha thnhphno Chn New Componento Nhp 1 tn cho thnhphn mi

y bsung su liu vo 1 thnh phno Nhpphi thnhphn mun dungo Chn Open Spencification. Thao tc ny m ca s nh chun ca thnh

phno Chn tab Generalo Nhp su liu trong trng Documentation

Hoc

o Nhp p thnh phn mun dung. Thao tc ny m ca s nh chun cathnhphn

o Chn tab Open Spencification. Thao tc ny m ca s nh chun ca thnhphn

o

Chn tab Generalo Nhp su liu trong trng Documentation

Hoc

o Chn thnhphn mun dungo Chn Browse Spencification. Thao tc ny m ca s dng chun ca thnh

phno Chn tab Generalo Nhp su liu trong trng Documentation

Thc hi& n theo cc bc trn ta s c biu thnh ' hn (Com' onent Diagrams) trong

qun l h s b & nh n nh sau:

GUI

(Views)

QuanLyHoSoBenhAn

(Controllers, Models)

MS.SQL Server

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4.9 S trin khai (Deplopment Diagram)

L s m t kin trc h thngphn cng v giao thc v cc nodes (my tnh, my in,)trao i thng ip vi nhau

To s Component trong qun l h sbnh n

Ms de( lo( ment

Trong Rose, s Deployment trong kiu xem Deployment. Do ch c 1 s, nn n koc nu di dng gi trong trnh duyt. truy cp s Deployment, bn cn dung trnhduyt:

y m s Deploymento Nhp p 1 Deployment View trong trnh duyto Rose se View trong trnh duyto Rose s m s Deployment ca m hnh

B sung cc b x l

y b sung 1 b x lo Chn Processor t hp cng co Nhp s deployment t b x lo Nhp tn ca b x l

Hoc

o Chn Tools Create Processoro Nhp s deployment t b x lo Nhp tn ca b x l

Hoc

o Nhpphi kiu xem Deployment trong trnh duyto Chn New Processoro Nhp tn b x l

y b sung su li)u vo 1 b x l

o Nhpphi b x l mun dungo Chn Open Spencification. Thao tc ny m ca s nh chun cu b x lo Chn tab Generalo Nhp su liu trong trng Documentation

Hoc

o Nhp p b x l. Thao tc ny m ca s nh chun cu b x lo Chn tab Generalo Nhp su liu trong trng Documentation

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Hoc

o Chn b x l mun dngo Chn Browse Spencification. Thao tc ny m ca s nh chun cu b x

lo Chn tab Generalo Nhp su liu trong trng Documentation

Thc hi0 n theo cc bc trn ta s c biu thnh 1 hn (Com1 onent Diagrams) trongqun l h s b 0 nh n nh sau:

GUI

QuanLyHoSoBenh

An

SQL Server

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

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KT LUN

Trong qu trnh thc hin in cu ny nhm chng ti tm hiu c nhng kin thc cbn v UML, mt trong nhng cng on v cng quan trng gippht trin cht lng caphn mm vnhn thy r vai tr v tm quan trng ca n, nhm chng ti chn hngnghin cu ng dng UML nhm nng cao cht lng snphm thng qua ci tin ti u quytrnh sn xutphn mm bng vic m hnh ha qu trnh.

Bi hc m chng ti rt ra c trong t lm in cu nytheo nhm iu u tin l san kt - nht tr ca nhm v trong khi thc hnh th i hi chng tiphi c s linh hothn. Qua th kh nng t tm hiu sng to c nng cao v kh nng lm vic theo

nhm cng vy.

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TI LIUTHAM KHO

[1]. Nguyn Tin, Ng Quc Vit, L Tin Sn, ng Xun Hng: K thut & ng dngUML vi Rational Rose.

[2]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/vn/library/769/index.html?ca=drs-vn-1211

[3]. Phn tch v thit k h thng thng tin viUML

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