FIowdo

,b!{

' ror$ ,T,:;xIr.lc/rsuEnü

**¡rdl¡

ffiü

Horn¡ do plants grorv?l7ritten by Jonice Lobb

Illustrqted by Peter Utton ond Ann Sovoge..-,.,-,-. ......., ,---.,-1,;,,.,,,'.,.1 . . . - .. -. ... -, ,. - .

@.,..""il

" tt#

Contents

About this bookKING}'ISHERKingfisher Publicotions PlcNew Pende.el Hous€283 288 Hish HolboñLondon WC1V 7HZwww.kin gf isherpub.com

First published by Kingfisher Publ;cotions Plc 2000First published in poperbock 2002This edition produced exclusively forScholostic Book Foirs UK

10987654321(PB)

Creoted ond designed by Snopdroson Publishing LtdCopyriqht O Snapdrogon Publishing Ltd 2000

All rights reserved. No p<rrt of this publicorion moy bereproduced, stored in o retrievol system, or tronsmittedby onr meon. el , . rronic, mechonrcol. photo.opying ororherwise, without the prior perrnission of the publisher.

A CIP cotologue record for this book is ovoiloblein the Bri¡ish Librory.

ISBN 0 7534 0496 6 (PB)

Printed in Hong Kong

Author Ionice LobbIllustrotórs Peter Uaon and Ann Sovoqe

For SropdrqgonEditoriol Dircctor Jockie ForleyAn Director Chris Leqee

For Kinofisherseries F.¡itors Comill¡r Reid ond Emmo \lildSeries Art Editor Mike BuckleyDTP Co-ordindtor Nicky StuddortProduction Csroline lockson

\7hy is grossgreen?

\7hv don't treesfoll over?

'Víhot issoil?

Do plonts eotqnd drink?

\fhqt oreflowers for?

ry XfJ',,llironts #18 How do seeds

grow?

Do plonts die inwlnterl

\,X/hot do wormsdo oll doy?

\lhy do beeshum?

3

,,flfl

\fho visits thegorden?

\fhqt lives inthe pond?

Gqrdenquiz

Glossory

Index

About this bookTJoue

\ orr (ver wortdeled u l l rI I t rees don' t fo l l over, hou roi lis mode or why bees hum? Askinqthese questions is whot bernq oscientist is oll obout. This book isobout the science thot is hoppenrngoround you, every dcy, outside inthe gcrrden orrd in your locol pork.I(eep your eyes open ond you'll soonbe moking your own Jiscovrr ies.

Archie qnd

screntlst

Arch¡e

BENTAMIN IIRANKLIN ( 1706- 1-This Ame¡icqn stqtesmqn c¡rr¡iei

Morie

MARIE CLIRI I,] (.1 8 67 - 19 31)

Gills did not qo to university inPolond, where Morie Curie grew

up, so she wcnt to study in Poris,l - runec. Slre worked on rodiooct i r i r ¡

on. i r r te ived tuu Nohel ¡ r izes forher J i .eovcr ie. , in 1 903 ond lq l l .

o fomous experimenr in 1752. Br

for Chemistrv in 1964.

How?

Whotif?

Holl of Fomehis f¡iends qre here to help you. They ore eoch nqmed qfter ct fomous- oport from Bob the duck, rvho is o younq scientist just like you!

FronkARCHIMEDES 1287-212uc.)

The Greek scientist A¡chimedesworked out why things floot or

sink while he wcls in the both.According to thc story he wqs sopleosed thot he leopt out, shoutincl'Eureko!', which ineqns'I 've got it! ' .

flying o kite in q storm he showed :¡o flosh of lightning wos electricity. H.then invented the lightning conductorto protect buildings during storms

Dot

DOROTHY HODCKIN 1lol0-Dorothy Hodokin wqs o B¡itish

scient i \ t \ \ho modc mony import .discoveries obout molecules ¡rnd or,:

rhe t iny p.rr t ic le. ¡hot moke up e\er\rflv

q¡ound us. She wos given the Nobel I ' : r

e for yourself!Reod obout the science in yourgcrden, then try the 'See foryourself!' experiments to

. discover how it works. Inscrence, expenments try ¡ofind or show the onswers.

Corefully reod the instructionsfor eoch experiment, mokingsure you follow the numberedinstructions in the correct order

Here ore some of the things youwill need. Hove everything reodybefore you stcrt eoch experiment.

Plostic bott¡ewith cop

Smol¡ jons with'?35# Z

Ploslic Uruler Red

screw loPs

food colouring

focts

L' them f rom< cf the boo k.

You con Ieorn morethe g lossory ot the

msztng-'"^ in italics.

not ice thot some words ore

¡ you wont -; rd out someng focfs, loo k

5

Sofety first! gSome scientists took

risks to moke theirdiscoveries, but ourexperiments ore scfe.Just moke sure thotyou tell on odult whotyou ore doing, ond gettheir help when you seethe red worning button.

Fishing nef

#i

: :on the 'Wowl ' ponels.

Why is gross green?T lnlike onimols, plontsL./ their own food. Theydo this by obsorbing theSun's enerEy ond chongingit into food. This process rscolled p h oto synth e sis. lnorder to do this, plonts mustcon to in o substqnce col leccblorophyll. Chlorophyll isgreen in colour, which is whymost plonts ore green.

The food fqctoryPlonts use chlorophyll, carbondioxide end woter to moke o sugoryfood cciled glucose. As they do thisthey releose oxygen into the oir

Chlorophyllobsorbs theSun's l¡ght.

mske

Hñ

k¡, \ ]

. . ' . . } " ' '

,!lt"'''

Plonts under stones orepcle cnd strcggly. This isbecouse they ore growingin the dork ond hove notmode ony chlorophyll.

Archie ccn't mqke hisfood ond must eot plonlive. So, indirectly, his tcomes from the Sun too.

Corbo¡r: ldioxidei ,¡s token'fromthe oir.

Woter istoken inot the roofs.

Oxygen ¡sleleasedinto theotr .

6

Why oreolrens ooocl of

gardening?

Becousethey hove

9reenfingersl

S.e for yourself!\\'crtch photosynthesis hoppeningfor yourself. Collect somc lcoves,l ikc pr ivct , boy or geronium.

Nerv, fresh ones rvill work best.

Fresh oirToo much corbon d iox ide

in the oir con suffocoter onimols, but p lonts love i t

fhe oxygen in the oir isproduced by plonts dur ingphotosynthes¡s. Without plonts we would

not be oble fo breqfhe ot o l l . Trees in theworld 's forests, gross on the ploins ond algae

in the seo, ol l help fo keep Ihe oir f resh.

Pour son-re $'oter into ¡: shclllorvbor,vl or plcstic contoiner ondput in the leoves rvith their

undersides focing upwords. TocomPcre tnem, l loot on( or t \ \oI " . - . . rh.

" i .Lr - '^- , '^

: : : , ,

' "1:r::i:::i=r''

1

3JI-eove them in thefor cr little whilc.ot them through

glcrss. You will seeof oxygen.

sunshlneThen looko mognifv inqlittle bubbles

7

¡¡- -*-

:

\ ' . - . : '

Why is onelephont like

a lree?

Becousethey both

hove trunksl

\7hv don't trees fqll over?ike most plonts, treesto grow upwords to

os much light os possibTo stop them from folover, plonts hove roowhich spreod out un

the ground ond supportthem qs they grow. As well ossupporting o plont, the roots ols

suck up wster from the eorth.Trees need thick, woody roots to

support their heovy rrunks, butsmoller plonts hove thinner roots.

A tree ccn grow tollbecouse its stem is ofirm trunk mode of

wood. Smoller flowplonts do not mokewood. They need w

Woody in their stems to stopthem from drooping.

A smallflowering plont

Stem

Hoiryroots

Every yeor o newof rvood is oddedoutside of o tree'sunder the bork.

on thetrunk,

trunk

By counting ihegrowth rings on otree-trunk you contell how old if is.

8

-or yourself!.rce cr dorrdciion,

. :.osc, ct stick of- : lcrv t rnd sonrc

' i ¡s into o jnr of, : tcr . Then put

. . : r t icol p lcnts

-rnother jor: r oLlt woter.

r .. cn \\¡ithout woter,., ooclY stems::(rt stiff, but

: -cil f lorvers. -11 leoves

-r 'Lr0p ond. ' r r le l .

Leave both jclrs

) ,,,.r! f", u lr'uple ¡,fl- l i l l l J.rr s- I,r,rkin,r

' o, r i , . , , t f r , , , r . ,¡ l [ ]e ¡o ¡ l 11] c.

Whot hoppensto the plonts?

&.3Rose Dqndelionr l ]e ste[ ] or tn(

' . - . :Clql loeLlon lS i , : . \ -

supportcd bv the 1L.l l lc \ \ r t re , ) f r l te rr otcr .

- . .

in-side it. So, in c jor i" i; i

ot wcrter rt stonds ',.:-.*,-- j.iup r'vell, but left ,,.;:ii.,::. r Without of r.voter it ,,,1{f -l', " 1.

ry61¿t\v l l l a l l ¡

' ( ,P Qnd " :

die rvithin cr ' '--".,i:L'fcn 'hours. Without

waler

{;)

,',j¡

With woter

.,1 Without wqter

I

{

-,- Big trunks.1In Afr ica, lhere is o !

. tree called the boobab Iwhich hos on unusuol ,

l runk. Dur ing the roinyseoson, fhe l lee s loreswoter inside the t runk, iwhich swel ls up l ike o iborrel . In dry weother, ¡ t :

uses this woier io survive,cnd the l runk shr inks ogo¡n.

' : . . , . . , , ' - ' , ¡ .o, : - . . , t : , r , : - , . . . , . .

9

{

Without woter

Whot doworms hovefor dinner?

Mud pib,s!

\fhqt is soil?lzou know whor soi l is - i t 's rh¡

I dork, crumbly stuf f thot yousee when you ore digging in thecorden. But do vou know whot smode ot. ' ln toct. l t rs c mrxture o:

lots of things - smoll pieces of ro.minerals, oir ond woter, plus theremoins of deod plonts ond onimwhich we coll humus. Al1 these

Humus different things ore found inloyers thcrt moke up soi l .

lopsor l

See for yourself!Put o hondful of soil

1 inro o ior. Top it

I up wlth woter,ono put tne | |o on

tightly. Now shokeup the jor ond leaveit to stqnd foro few minutes.

The soil willseporote intoseverol loyers, with

the heoviest stonesot the bottom ondthe lighter moteriol,l ike leoves ondtwiqs, flooting , '

ot the top.

10

wls soil mode?¡r. to form on the

:: bore rocks.¡r:,:- ¡he weother;"¡¡or the surfqce of

c:r- :loking off smollS¡'::-Jes. These

r;ollect in crccks:.:;es in the rock.

Smo[[ plonts, such cs777OSS, StOr¡ tO grOW On

top of the frogments ofrock. S7hen they die,they ore odded to thenewly formed soil.This humus helps tohold the soil together.

Groduolly the soil getsthicker ond minibeostsmcke it their home.Eorthworms help to mixup the rock porticles ondhumus. They olso let inthe oir thot plont rootsneed to grow.

Rockporticlescollect ¡ncrocks ¡nfhe rock.

SmollplontsSfortTO 9row.

&"utok¿S o Iongto form, bul

: :n be lostg u ickly. When '': 'h

ele cut down footrees, lhe so¡ l

omes loose ond thecon blow i t owoy. f l

d olso be woshed owoy

rJ}.o-:

¡ o{f Your hq¿r..

0)

c9

."Á

,t,,fzl )| .{-

rs'ñ

I'

the rd¡n ¡n o londsl ide.s is cal led erosion.

ffirrEJWorms helpto m¡x thenew so .

LI

Do plonrs eqr ond drink?¡ lthough plonts don't

f}eot ond drink like us,they" do need food ondwoter to survive. As wehove discovered, theymoke their food fromthe sunshine ond oir.They drink by suckingup wcter from the soilthrough their long,widely spreod roots.The roots olso toke inminerols, such osmognesium, whichkeep the plont heolthy.

l ' -1 'b":".; '"

"i#.:

Root6eerl

Gardeners use fertilizers, sucmonure, to feed plcnts if thedoes not hove enouqh miner

Keeping heolthyIf there is not enough mognesiumor iron in the soil, plonts con'tmcke enough green chlorophyllond they go yellow o¡ white.

Whot doplonts líke to

drink?

H¿olthy plont

Sick¡y plont

for yourself!: i i l o:e\\'Cut

":elery

qlqss with woter ond odd cdrops of red food colouring.the bottom off o stick ofcnd ploce it in the gloss.

Y

The leovessnop shutond trcpthe f ly.

Le<rve it for obout on hour ondthen toke o look. You will see thot

ccrried by the woter inthe celery stolk.

You con try this with o white flower,l ike q carno¡ ion. l f you leore i r inthe coloured woter long enough,

the petols will turn pink too.

rhe pink colour hos crepr upwords.

Cut through the celerystolk ond youwill see the

tubes thotcorfy wqterond sop. Hovethey chonged colour?

Tropped!The Venus f lytrop plont

grows in bo99y soi ls whichdo not provide i t wi ih ql l the

-¿rols i t needs. The f lyfrop hos developed.rnusuol woy of odding to ¡ fs d¡et - i l woi ts

' f l ies to lond on i ts leoves, then snopsern shut ond diqests the f lv.

13

\fhqt qre flowers for?f , lo*ets look pretty in theI qorden, but they clso hove ouseful job to do. They contointhe ports of the plont whichmctke seeds. These seeds will growinto new plonts. Most f loweringplonts need help with mokingtheir seeds. Some use insectsto corry their pollen fromone flower to onother.The bright coloursond scents of flowersencou¡oge bees ond otherinsects to visit them. Other olonts.like grosses, use the wind to corry pollen.

Flying on to the next flower,the bee rubs aglinsf rhe carpels,the femqle ports of the plont,leoving the pollen behind.

/l'':;r:"The groins of pollen stick tocorpels ond then grow dojoin with tiny egg cells insiThese will soon become s

Egg cell

Why is a flowerlike Ihe letter A?

Becouseo B comesqften it l

How o seed is modeAs it senrches for nectdr, thebee rubs ogoinst the stamens,the mcle ports of the flower,ond picks up fine yellowpollen groins.

Carpel

e for yourself! $

Inside the flower cre the stqmenssticking up from its centre. Tryshoking them onto dork poper to

see if they leove c yellow dust.

lJi:,i+J: ñffil*;l;:,"Sf**,

Now look ot opetals, whichor coloured,

ottroct lnsectsto theflower.

Petol

Find a flower which is losing itspetcls ond cut it in holf. (Ask onodult to help you with this.) Con

you see oll the different ports theplont uses to moke o seed?

Stomen

Seedformi

flower. The brightmoy be white

Stomen

Fruity pockagesThe fru¡t is the port

of the p lont which

f corr ies ond protectsfhe seeds. Frui tscon be ju icy,

l ¡ke to rnoto¿s dndprers. or dry, l ike poppycsules. Eoch p¡p thqt ¡scked inside o to moio: t iny seed. Seed

t5

\íhere do plontscome from?E very country hos its own PlonrsLwhich grow there noturol ly.\le coll these natiue plonts. Youmoy find some of them in thecountryside or in o wildflowergorden. If they grow where we don'twont them, we coll them weeds. Mostgordens contoin introduced plants,which people hove collected fromsomewhere else. '!lhen explorerswent to new countries, theybrought plonts bcck with them.'$lhen people settled in newploces, they often took plonts withthem. So gordens contoin o mixture

of plonts from mony countr ies.

Have we beenintroduced?

Whot did oneplont soy to the

other plonf?

How plonts spreodWhen o plont is growing well in oneploce, it flowers cnd mqkes seeds. Thesehelp the plont sprend to new ploces. _..

Some seeds orecorried owoy fromthe porent plont bythe wind or roin.

seedseoten

qnrmol!

birds, ondthrough theirbodies.

e for yourself!Pick c dondelion 'clock' ond blowthe seeds. See how for they gobefore they reoch the ground. The

" litde fluffy porochute ot the top ofeoch seed helps it to floot in oir.

Look for seeds thqt hook onto cnimol fur, or your clothes.Con you find lorger seeds thqt

roll owcy from the plonts?

Seeds ohoy!onut polms grow olong sondy beoches- ropicol is londs. The coconuts ore fhe¡rds. f f o coconut fo l ls into the seo.

con f loot mony ki lometres to onother

Look out for tiny seeds ond otherseeds with porochutes or wings.Are they shot through the oir,

or do they 'fly' or spin?

Seedswith wings$Y,"

fu-'r.-sLook out for seeds in mudon your shoes or on thewheels of your bicycle.

nd, where il moy gerninate ond grow.

t7

"'ff i1:--- tñE¡¿ i q /r' \::::-/. \.. ct

upside áown. ihi shoor

- . ,1 1i . . .

'" 1,..i¡ifriiiiit -'-.u$$/""'f

rheffióffitfffts"üuickly,feeding on the food

... ü

'Wheii

the light, it sits own food

Plonts gTOthe

18

om tne )

e for yourself!Line the bose of o dish with opope¡ towel. Ifet it with worm

Put the box in o worm, lightploce ond keep the seedsmoist with woter.

Sotne plonts producebaby plonts insteod of seeds.

Sfrawberry plonts and sp¡derplonts put oul runners. -fheseor¿ long stems which stretcholong the ground. At the endof eoch stem is o miniotureplonl complete w i th leovesond roots. This wi l l grow in

woter cnd sprinkle somecress seeds on it.

Find o box big enough to holdthe dish. Cut c window in thelower holf of one end. Put the

dish inside cnd close the lid.

Do the cress plonts growstrcight upwords or do theygrow towords the sunlight,

coming into rhe side of rhe box?

Qunning Plontso

.'$:'6tt i

>,r¡ ' l

t {:'

soi l i f you plont i t ¡n o poi .

t9

Whot hoseyes but

cannot see?

Storing foodThe stored food in seedsis used when they stcrtto grow, or germincte.

Do plonts die in winte

to give them energy. They con't getenouqh woter from frozen soil. Wibotter them ond they moy breokthe weight of snow. So deciduousplonts store food in the summer, tshed their leqves in the outumn. Splonts moy die bock to ground levThe ports of the plcnt thot ore leftbore or underground rest throughwinter. Plonts thot die ofter they flIeqve seeds to grow into new plon

Mony plonts, such oscorrots, store food intheir roots, reody togrow ogoin in the spri

The boses of leoves ond stemscolled bulbs store food underthe ground. Plonts use bulbsto grow ogoin in the spring.

\rff::iiJ#'*ffi'ilJ#:

A pofotol

20

e for yourself!Pick twigs in winter or ecrlyspring. You con see the budswhich will grow into new leoves

" ond flowers. Some, like horsechestnuts, hove sticky buds.

Look in your vegetoble rock.Eoch 'eye' on o pototo, eochclove of o gorlic, is o bud wciting

to grow into o new plcnt.

Desert flowers

fhere ore plonts thot moke seeds sothot they con l ive through very hot, dryweo¡her. These seeds con I ie for yeorsin deser l soi l . Then, when roin comes,they germinale and f lower , \ r ingingcolour to the desert londscaoe.

Put them in woter ond worch thcmopen ond qrow. You will find thetree wos not os deod as it looked.

Try leoving vegetcbles in o dqrkcupboord for o couple of weeks.They will stort to sprout ond

shoots will begin to grow.

. ^o9$ "

^.s- 'CeE .éO :E:A

sqt

21

it, '* ¡tl¡ a,', 'tt;, -

How conwnere o

heod

you tel lwonm'sis?

An eorthworm wrigglesolong by chonging theshopes of ifs bodysegments.

Leof 6eingpulled down

{

1

{

Ii....- Wormburrow

Br¡stles -_--_

The worm slretches out ports of

qnd fhen

Segmenf

iis body

tX/hqt do worms do oll doy?f , . , ' t l r t t , ) t ' l t t \

l t t ( l \ l l . l lool . 1¡ i . . . l r ¡ r r r

I -Jerr(r lU|r \ . I rut i r l l t r , . l t l t l . t . l l , . rcIr l t . . r r r . l

u'orhinr l . Wornrs iccd bv su'ol lon incl soi los thcv burron,. At r ic;hr. thcv conrc to fhesrrrfoce cmd ¡ ' ,ul l clccrcl ¡r lcrnts r lou r.r undcrthc c¡roLrrc l . , ' \ l l th is oct jv i t \ is r err qooclfo l thc soi l oui l ior the ¡r lonts l i r incl in i t .Ir hclps to i lct r icl oi clecrcl plonts onclr , ' I ' l - i t l . l t r i l lo l l l r ' r -o¡) t \ r r t

tht l i r inc; oncs.

Woodlouse

Tickle itstummy ond see

which endloughsl

pulls olong fhe rest.

I " :f :il

¿ '].'

f 1?ee tor yourself!To moke owormery, find clorge jor (like o

pickle jor). Ploceo plostic bottleinside it with o lidon it. (Leave thebotde out if thejor is quite smoll.)

Collect threeeorthworms

or fourond

Fill the jor (but not thebottle) with loyersof sond, soil ond

compost, thenfinish off withsome deodleoves. Cover thesides of the jorwith dork poper.

3 put them in thetop. Stretch oloyer of nettinqocross the mouthof the jor cndsecure with onelostic bond.

Put the jcr in ocool cupboord,moking sure

thot the soil iskept domp, butnot soggy.After o fewdoys, check tosee whqt hoshoppened tothe soil.

Giant worms!One of the world's lorgesteorfhworms lives neor creeks infhe Boss River Vcl ley, in th¿ southernAustrol ion stote of Victor io. The 6iontGippslond eorthworm con grou/ lo over 3.5

metres long, ond mokes o 9ur9l ing sound os i is l ides through ¡ ts burrows.6iont earthworms

thot the worms hovemixed the loyers of

sond ond soil.

Vou should find

ore rore, so lhere are lows to pnotect them.

23

Why does obee hum?

\7hv do bees hum?H:.J::ffi:

noise with theirfly. Although insect wings look

delicote, they ore quite stiff. $lhenthe wings flop downwords, the oir

under them is pushed out of the wovin little puffs. This lifts the insect

up into the oir. 'When the wingsflop up' the oir obove them ismoved owoy. The woy the wingmove mokes the st uibrate.

'!7hen these little puffs of oir reocour eors, we heor them os sound.

Then put the ruler on the tobleso thot rlbout three-quorters ofit sticks out beyond the toble edge-

Hold down one edge firmly with

it hos forgottenthe words!

See for yourself!You con mqke the oir vibrote. Tokeo piece of thin plostic, l ike o ruleror c phone cord, ond wove it to

ond fro quickly neor your fqce. Cqnyou feel the oir moving in little puffs? one hcnd. Bend the other end ond I

it go quickly. Con you heor q sou

24

Sizesthot makeoction mokes

Musicol legsf,ü

Not ol l insects moke sounds withthe¡r wings. Grosshoppers ond cr¡ckeischirrup. To do this, they v ibrote th¿ q¡by rubbing the¡r bock legs ogoinst

,t

qnd soundsIosquiroes hove little wings

oir vibrote very fost. Thisvery high, whining sound.

e bumble-bee's lcrger wings moke ther vibrote more slowly. This mokes o

low buzzinq sound.

Now ploce the ruler on the tqbleso rhot only hql f of i r sr ick\ ourond repect. Then o quorter.

Listen to the different sounds modeby the ruler moving through the

air. Like o bee's wings,

#-> the rulermokes theoir vibrote.

You cqn'theor the soundmode by obutterfly's winqs,becouse theyflop tooslowly.

the edges of theirhord, win9 coses.

f\\ y'vlosgu¡to

,''\osguito

¡osfl$f,,

:C-

et

25

\ího visits the gordr r the doi lv l i fe of everv onimol isa'I soent in o constont seqrch for

foodr If there is not enoughfood where they live, the onimalsmust trovel to find it, ond yourgorden moy be the ploce thotthey visit. Sit quietly in the cornerof the gorden ond wotch thevisitors os they come ond go. Theymoy fly in, they moy come up fromthe ground or they moy run lnfrom under o fence or hedge. Somewill be more welcome thon others!

Keep o look outButterflies ond bees ore ottroctedto the scent ond colour of flowers.They eot the flowers' nector.

Aph id

Buddleio

bird

Lodybirds ore good insectsto hove oround. They eotthe ophids thot feed on mcnygorden plonts cnd dcmoge them.

'$loodpeckers seorch for ontsond other insects on the lown.Other birds, like pigeons, lookfor seeds ond snoils.

Pigeon

Why wosn't fhebutterfly invited

to the donce?

Becous¿it wos o

moth bolll

26Woodpeck

See for yourself!In winter, when food is scorce,you con help your locol wildlife byputting out food for them. A ronge

of food will ottroct o voriety ofcreotures. Avoid giving birds breqdos this is not very good for them.

Moke o note of whotonimols you seeond how often they

return to the gorden,

Birfls moy nofbe the onlyvisitors to yourtoble - squirrelslove nuts too.

f "RmZ.G€tG

Chopped f ruitDried fruit

Chopped suet

Moke surethot youo¡so leoveouf woTer.

Tifs ondSporrowsenjoy oc0conuT.

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€-'"N ight-time vis itorsi i \ony of your gorden's guests comecnd 9o whi le you one osleep. Foxesond hedgehogs ore common night- t ¡me

Éf,v is i tors ond. i f you l ive in ihe-f- country. you moy get deer, I'llTli;Jl,l lÍ1"ÍJ,"""T;il6ait' &

ilü;f ii"1Í"if ,':": o $p e

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^rn¿r ]n.Yot'¡ go¡,v

ooo"-. " '&6 ' :uo aiv 1, , ' - u 'an

Y xu \GMFt+l,:ii# og .; *"*Ef?zrEd:-¡#w s_--cG#

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27

Where dofish sleep?

\fhqt lives in the pond?for oll kinds of different. This meons thot the pondond shel ter - c l l the rhingsme plonts live ot the bottomrt on the surfoce or l ive orroke oxygen which keeps therols thot live there. Smoll:roils feed on the plonts, ond,n in them. The frogspownhich turn into froqs.

. l f l f ", -$ii'í;;i:d

A porrd is rhe habitat f<fLplonts ond onimols.qives them food, woter orthey need to survive. Somof the pond. Others flootthe bonks. The plonts mcwoter fresh for the onimconimols such os pond sn<frogs loy their froEspaunhotches into todpoles wh

Ti l ' : r ; r i l ' f r . ; , ; r - t ' ,u-i$ffi+i#s.l$F,"In wsterbeds!

See for yourself! ,S

out somepondweedusrng o ne¡.Be verycoreful notto foll in!

Now odd the pondweed toyour bowl. $lhot minibeosts

Weed

Put some of the pondwoter in o deepwhite bowl. Using

o mognifyinggloss, lookclosely ot whotis flooting ondswimmingoround inthe woter.

spot. Where orethey? How dothey move obout?

whibeetle

Mosguito\. lorvo

%-Alooe uloter

- f leo

-_.tr',/ v v.:{rR\ t\#(s,\!r ER ^ñü(.trw w

Wof king on woter!Some insects, such os pond-skoters,ore obl¿ fo gl ide quicklyover the surfoce of st i l lwoter. Their long legsore stopped fnombreaking th roughbecouse of surfacetension. This rnakesthe woter behovel ike on elost ic skin.

Drogonfly

Woter boofmon

ore hiding in it?

?9

Gqrden quizIlhot is the green colour inleoves colled?o) Ironb) Chlorophyllc) Corbon dioxide

How con you find out how oldo tree is?o) By counting its rootsb) By counting its bronchesc) By counting the rings inits trunk

'Sfhere con you find o loyerof humus?o) In the soilb) In the circ) In lecves

'Whqt does o plcnt colled oVenus fly trop eot?

o) Nectorb) Insectsc) Frogs

'Vfhct do bees corry from oneflower to onother?o) Corpelsb) Pollen

How does o dondelion sprecdits seeds?o) It uses the sunb) It uses the secc) It uses the wind

'Whqt does o seed do wheni t nermin¡tec )

o) It dies bockb) It begins to growc) It spreods its seeds

How does c bulb help o plontlive through the winter?o) By spreoding seedsb) By losing leovesc) By storing food

'Whot does on eorthworm useto pull lecves down intothe soil?o) Its mouthb) Its toilc) Its segments

Which of these insects wqlkson woter?o) The pond-skoterb) The beec) The butterfly

30 Answers on poge 32

Glossorv'l

AlgoePlonts which grow inworer o¡ o[ morst ground,with no stems, leovesor flowers.

Corbon dioxideA qos present in the oirond uscd by grcen piontsto photosynthesize.

CorpelsFemole ports of o flower,:ontcining egg-cell.

ChlorophyllGreen pigment in plonts:hot obsorbs the energvlrom the Sun.

DeciduousIrees o¡ shrubs thot lose:hei¡ leoves in the outumn.

imbryoSoby plont inside o seed,brming ports rvhich needo grow.

lnergyJives something therbility to do work. Lightrnd he<¡t ore fo¡msrf eneroy.

irosionVeoring orvoy of rockmd soil b1' the weother.

rrogspown

t moss of frog's eggs,rotected by jelly ond¡id in woter.

G€rminoteBegin to grow, sprout onew plont from o seed.

GlucoseSugory food thot grccnplonts moke duringphotosynthesis.

HobitorThe notu¡ol home of oplont or onlmol.

HumusA substonce mode fromdecoyed plonts, leovcs ondonimol mqtter.

Introduced plontsBrouqht into o regionf¡om o¡other oreoby humons.

Mine¡olsChemicois which orefound noturolly in rocksond soil which do notcome f¡om living things.

MossA voriety of smollllolr,erless plont, grorvinqos o thick nross on rocksor trcc trunks.

NotiveOriginotinq in oporticulor ploce o¡ oreo.

NectorSugory fluid, ot rhe boscof mony petols, thotottrocts insects ond bi¡ds.

OxygenA gos in rhe c¡i¡essentiql fo¡ onimolsto breothe, mode rvhenqrcen plontsphotosvnthesize.

PorticleVery little ports or smollpicces of something.

PetolsOuter ports of o flower,r¡sed moinlv to ottroctfeeding insects.

PhotosynthesisProcess by whichqreen plonts mokefood using energy fromthe Sun.

PollenTiny groins mode inflowcrs, which contoinmole sex cells. Whenthcy fertilize femoleegg-cells, seedsore produced.

RootUnderground port offlorverinq plont or fern.

RunnersStems growing outflot olong the ground,producing boby plontletsot the üps.

SeedsThe port of o plont fromwhich o ne\a, plont grows.

SepolsOuter, green ports of thellower bud, which protectpctols os they develop.

ShoorA new plont growthqrowing out from oseed obove ground;o stem with leovesond buds.

StomensMole ports of o plont,which produce pollen.

Su¡foce tensionA force in the surfocewote¡ which mokesit behove like onelostic skin.

VibroteTo move bock ondforth quickly.

WeedA wild plont growingomong cultivotcd plcrntsor elservhe¡e unwonted.

Wing coscsHcrrdencd front rvinqs.not uscd for f lvinq. butto p¡otect hind \r inqs.

31

IndexEeorthworms 11, 22-23

embryo 18,31

energy 6, 31

erosion 11, 31

Ffe¡tilizers 12

flowering plonts 8,9,

14, 15, 16-17,26

flowets 14-75, 16-17, 26

footprints 27

frogspown 28,31

Ggerminotion 17,18,20,

31

grosshoppers 25

growth rings 8

Hhobitqt 28,31

humus 10-11,31

Iintroduced plqnts 16, 31

Llodybirds 26

leoves 6-7, 13, 20

olgoe 7,29, 31

onimals 16,27,28-29

ophids 26

Bboobob trec 9

bees 14,24-25,26

bi¡ds 26-27

birdtqble 27

bulbs 20

butterfly 25-26

Ccorbon dioxide 6-7,31

corpels l4-1.5, .31

corrors f0

chloroph! l l 6, 3 l

coconr¡(s l-

crickets l-i

Ddeciduous plonts 30,31

desert florr c'r¡ ll

droppings l-

Mminerols 10, 12,31

mosquitoes 25,29

moss 11,31

Nnotive plonts 16, 31

nector 74,26, 31

ooxygen 6-7,28,31,

Ppqrticles 10-11, 31

petols 14-15,31

photosynthesis 6-7, 12,

31,

pol len 14-15,31

ponds 28-29

pond-skoter 29

pondweed 28,29

pototoes 21

R¡ock 10-11

roots 6, 8, 18,20,31

runners 19, 31

Sseeds 14-15, 16-17,

78-19,20-21,,31

sepols 14-15,31

shoots 6, 18, 21, 31

so\l 70-11,12,22-23

spider plonts 19

stomens 14-15,31

stems 6, 8-9, 13

strowberry plonts 19

sunlight 6, 12, 18

surfoce tension 29, 31

Ttodpoles 28

trees 8-9

vVenus flytrop 13

wwoter bootmon 29

wqter fleo 29

weeds 31

wings 24-25

winte¡ 20-21

Answers to the Gorden quiz on poge 30

1 Chlorophyll. 2 By counting the rings in its trunk.3In the soil. 4Insects. 5 Pollen. ó It uses the wind.7It begins to grow. 8 By storing food. 9lts mouth.10 The pond-skoter.

32

ffiF!s

,il1Xil1ilffi[][[il tfifri

Horn¡ do plarrts grornz?'$lhy is gross green?

Do plonts eot?\lhot do worms do oll doy?

Join Archie ond the gong to find out the onswer to these questions...ond mony more! Discover the scientific explonotions, leorn some omozing

focts ond, on top of oll thot, there's o hilorious joke on every poge!

A fun fi¡st science book for childrenoged 5 yeors ond upwords

12 step-by-step experiments to do ot home- no speciol equipment required!

Includes o quiz, glossory ond index

Also ovoilobleSqlish! Sphsh! Wb! tla tue údsba . Di4 ¿ñd Sotu! Hoú .la plañk !1tuu?Mrhch! Cruch! vhat's fol l,nch? . Banll! Th"np! Hotu ¡1o tue ¡"np?

Fe¿thú dnd Fr/! What n¿ks .¿ts puftl . Listd afld S¿e! Wb¿t s afl TyaCau"tinE Sheep! Wh, ¿o ue sl.ep? . Cobw di¿ Nan?! Let's pldy tu'th tors

Fronk

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