高频词汇P 391-海豚智力研究1. 重要概念类词汇Sophisticate/individuality/intelligence/appropriate/captivity/sensitive/self-awareness/emotional/possess/transmit/interaction/objectivity/2. 观点类用语Show/also/ believe/prove/recognize/even/demonstrate/maybe/unusually/?（这个符号代表的修辞疑问句，我们在文章当中看到修辞疑问句一定要引起重视，因为后面对于这个疑问句的回答就是很有可能是这个段落甚至这个篇文章的主要观点）/but/suggest/argue/the fact is/not/unique （ 独 一 无 二 其 实 是 一 种 极 端 性 限 制 ， 相 当 于only ） /uncommonly/usually/virtually / impossible /question/ little is actually/contend/point out/fully/signify/very few/*be aware of /all we can say/roughly/highly/3. 基本逻辑类用语—重点放在对比和因果上Also/another/because/is equal to/outperform/more(less)…than/while/4. 复杂句型(1) This behavior demonstrates that dolphins are aware of their own individuality, indicating a level of intelligence that may be very near own. 长难句分析，这个句子要注意的就是有两个平行的表语从句。注：黑体字是这句话的逻辑连接点；下面划线是表示作者的观点态度。

P392 揭秘印第安神话1. 重要概念类词汇Motives/customs/aspiration/tendency/ motivated/mysticism/ambition/introspection / pristine / incomprehensible / deductive / automatically / reserve / civilized / occasion / attempt / formulate / ancestor & descendant / encompass / pleaser / difficulty / philosophical / satisfying / dependable / vanish / monopoly / divergent / cast on / viable / exclusive / perceive / deal in / expedient / dissemination / accomplish / literate / chronological / tribal / preservation / religious rituals / strike / evidence / archaeology / documentation / void / educated guess / expose / abrupt / wrenching / reflection / establish / colonial / current / replenish cultural bias / diversity / argument / anthropological / novelty / stereotype(critical point) / essential / precondition / influence / disadvantage / credential / predecessor / complication / statistics analyses / measurement / fossil / physical / characteristic / artifact / homogenization / universality / scholar / academia / objective / culpable ignorance / error2. 观点类用语fundamentally/ profoundly / self serving / self righteous / certainly/ simply/ assume seldom /rarely/ preconception( 先 入 为 主 的 观 点 比 较 容 易 形 成 prejudice & stereotype)/

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prejudge/ behold/ wander/ obviously/ ordinary/ must /consistently/ reluctance/misconception/ subjective/particularly/ demanding/ reassuring/ inexact /unreliable/ culture-bound/ absolute/ rigorous/ prejudice/ impression/ initially(最初的想法，与 finally & ultimately 对应)/ disillusionment / demythologize(critical 的标志词汇，破除迷信) fantasy/ abandon/ suggest/ debunk/ exclusively/ contradiction(矛盾也是 critical 的词汇，在CR 中，矛盾通常是指（1）第一人称小说当中的主人公的心里矛盾（2）idealism Vs. realism 的矛盾)/ must/ criticism/ oblivious/ overly/ excessively/ anxious/ faulty /conclusion(下结论之后的观点一般是主要观点)/ unlikelihood/ settle the differences/ rebelliousness/ inertia(懒惰)/self-denial( 自 我 否 定 是 放 弃 类 的 词 汇 ， 多 数 不 选 除 非 怀 此 心 态 者 是 反 面 典 型 )/ / shortage/challenge/ original/ may(原 文 是 可 能 ， 选 项 是 事 实 为 错 ； 反 正 不 能 算 错 )/ would/ doubt / declaim（不要与 disclaim 混淆） acknowledge/ fallible/ beneficial/ possibility/ false3. 基本逻辑类用语stem from/since/ though/ just/ like/ equivalent/ however/ longevity(这里表示一个事物的延续时间，等同于 continuity)/ fuel(生动的表现了因果关系) /but /more/ associate/ with/ outside/ as/ progressive/ in that /but /rather /less than /therefore /drew a parallel /determine /base on4. 复杂句型(1)Part of problem may well stem from the long-standing tendency of European or Euro-American thinkers to regard Native Americans as fundamentally and profoundly different, motivated more often by mysticism than by ambition, charged more by unfathomable visions than by intelligence or introspection.点评： A. stem from 表现的意思是由于，但是为啥这里要用 stem 这个单词而不用 result 或者come 呢，原因我想应该和这篇文章作者的意图是有直接关系的，文章中作者想去批判一个根深蒂固的偏见，所以提到这个偏见原因的时候用了 stem（根）这个单词的时候是非常合适和生动的。B. motivated 和 charged 这 两 个 动 词 在 这 句 话 中 的 作 用 是 运 用 过 去 分 词 修 饰 前 面 的 Native Americans 的观点，所以这两个单词的意思应该一样的，如果遇到词汇题，那么同学们要学会通过这两个平行动词去确定意思。C. may 和 regard…as…是观点标志词，注意 may 是一种假设不是事实就可以了(2)Native Americans, though obviously contemporary with their observers , were somehow regarded as ancient, examples of what Atone Age Europeans must have been like. 点评：A. 插入语要学会跳跃，把他放在文章的最后去读这样读起来比较轻松，否则，你自己就是没事找事了。B. Must have been like 看似好像是一种假设语气，但是这里加了 must 了语气就很极端了，在我看来不够客观，存在潜在的批判点。(3)Western historians, cultural-bound by their own approach to knowledge, are apt to declaim that next to nothing, save the evidence of archaeology, can be known of early Native American life.点评：A.插入语故技重施B. Save 的意思是通过这些证据，科学家可能知道早期NA 的生活。B．bound & own 在这里的意思是限制的意思，一语道破了这些历史学家的问题，那就是受到文化和自身学术研究方法的限制，换言之，这群人不愿意从别人的文化去思考问题或者做学问。同学们以后都是准备去美国名校读书了，你想想这些名校会选择被这写偏见占据思维了的人吗？显然不会，所以通过 SAT阅读就能够知道你的思维是不是一个思想保守，固守偏见的一个人了。

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P402+403纠结卖画1. 重要概念类词汇Grease(在变形金刚第一集中女主角像 Sam介绍自己父亲职业的时候就是 Grease Monkey—全身都是机油的猴子，即机械工)/ spring/ explanation/ posit/ cite/ veil/ incident（这个单词是事件的意思，但是做形容词是 incidental 这个意思是附带的意思，TOEFL 考试考过这个意思） / origin/ function/ draw/ savor/ statistical/ analysis/ approach/ depict/ involve/ architectural/ challenge（选项当中的高频词汇，一般情况下有连个意思（1）挑战、质问—指对文中的观点不满（2）特别艰巨的工作）/ care/ perfectly/ / enjoy / draw/ exile（流放 banishment）/ mellow / melon / atmosphere/ justice/ glow / dramatic/ / grasp（grasping 是贪婪的意思） / willful / exhibition / catalog / gallery / torture / recite / poem（SAT考试不会直接考查诗歌，但是会放在文章当中，在预览文章的时候可以忽略） / sense as / audience / excite / prospective（是潜在 的 意 思 ， 不 要 和 perspective 混 淆 ） / buyer / company / idealism & practicality / expectation / reality / /investigation/ achievement/ surround/ souvenir/ collector/ aura（指气氛） memory / may / pleasure / essential / identity（注意 be identical to 是相似的意思） / represent / preserve/ encounter/ pressure/ extent/ quality/ artistic/ genre（可通过gene 去记忆，不同的 gene 代表不同的流派）/ miss /2. 观点类用语Impression/ powerful/ Speculation(推测)/glorious/ stunning/ confidence/ at ease /signify/ unpersuasive/ invalidate/ puzzling/ accusation/ concern/ justify/ defend/ suggest/ uncomfortable/ awful/ embarrass/ realize/ fiercely/ insult/ terrible/ admire/ grieve/ folly/ possessive/ maudlin( 没得 你 — 感情 脆弱 的 ) stupid/ uneducated/professional rained/ slight/overly/ respectful/ intrusive/apparently/ appreciative/ reject/praise/ acquisitive/inquisitive/exquisite/generous giving/ believe/ insecure/ regard/ eccentric/ anticipation/disappointment/ generosity/possessiveness/ assume/ would be/ recognize/ unique/ best/ elegant/exceptional/ pragmatic concern（现实—SAT 中不乏理想主意与现实主意的思考，很多时候我们看似为了现实放弃了自己心里想要的东西然后终身抱憾，我觉得这是十分愚蠢的，其实就是担心现实的磨难自己无法承受，如果你已经有了自己的梦想那就勇往直前吧，前面肯定会有很多的困难和阻碍，但是因为这些障碍，你才会变得更加优秀和成熟。 其实梦想绝对不是虚无缥缈的东西，每个人都有梦想，有人想做个一个老师，有人想去做一个成功的商人，有人想去当运动员，对于我们很多同学而言我们的理想就是出国，接受多文化的熏陶，掌握多门语言，以后找到一个收入丰厚的工作。理想其实很平凡也很实际，而实现理想的方式更是简单，那就是每天多做一些平凡的事你就能实现自己的梦想！ 我很喜欢一个单词这个单词就是 extraordinary 因为这个单词构成其实就说明了实现理想其实并不是我们想的那么遥不可及 extra 是多一些的意思，ordinary 是普通的意思，那么这个单词合在一起不就是多做一些平凡的事就能成为一个可以实现自己理想的卓越人才吗？）/ premature（这个单词很容易误解成早熟，真正的意思是应该是成熟前） / decision / valuable/ appreciate（这个单词有三个意思 A .欣赏 B. awareness C. 增值 / unable to attitude (这个单词的构成很有意思，如果你把这个单词拆分成单个的字母，并把字母在 26 个字母表中的位置加起来的话正好是 100 的意思 A+T+T+I+T+U+D+E=1%+20%+20%+9%+20%+21%+4%+5%=100%，态度决定了一切！) / longing for/ vivid/ emphasize/ empathy（移情作用）/ nostalgia（有这个单词的选项一般不选，因为比较空） /controversial/ undue（过分的、过度的） / overlooked /

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ignorance apprehensive（这个单词的意思有三 A. 忧虑 B. 理解 C. 拘捕 很多时候我们会因为无法与自己心爱的沟通而变的非常的忧虑）/ doubt（怀疑不是猜忌 jealous） / seems to / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Or / but / summarize / ensure / because / promote / arouse / provoke / override / contrast / enhance / stimulate/ whereas / same / for example /4. 复杂句型(1) Savoring cities in ignorance or drinking them in visually is not enough.(2) I grieved for it and wished I could buy it back, marry it again after the folly of a divorce.点评：这两句话写的实在是太生动了！A. Savor 和 drink都是吃饭的词汇，这里的意思是说我们不能囫囵吞枣的去了解城市，或者只是表面上去欣赏一个城市。其实我们现在的生活节奏都非常快，每天活的都很繁忙也都很累，但是这样繁忙的生活或许增加了一些我们的物质生活，但是我们却失去了一个本该精彩的人生。我们现在对于自己生活的城市再也没有我们父辈或者祖父辈的感情了，这点我不知道是幸运呢还是可悲呢？我们每天在这样繁忙而空虚的生活中过着自己欺骗自己的日子，试问原来的梦想哪去了？原来的激情哪去了？原来的冲动哪去了？有的时候真该自己暂时停下自己疲惫的脚步用一颗炽热之心去思考我们生活的这个世界，我们身边应该去珍惜的人，有很多东西错过了也不会再回来了。人生最大的悲哀不在于失败，而是在于错过。B. 后句话写的就是一个错过的人的心态，从他生动的语言中可以体会到他是多么的惋惜和后悔啊！

405飞翔梦1. 重要概念类词汇Revolve / brute power / withstand /rage(多义) / at the cheap end / maneuver / intersect / gravity / earthbound / enclose / soul / meditation(contemplation)冥想 / glide / whet / comb / uninitiated / swing / eloquent / inaccessible / obsess / glamour/ profile / personalities / principle / nontechnical( 就 是 通俗易懂的 语言 ) capture / of inefficient / transportation / solution / advantage / overlook / lyrical quality / legacy / survey2. 观点类用语—这篇文章谈的是人类对于飞翔的早期梦想，所以理所应当会遇到很多理想化的词汇opposite / possible / in effect / in fact / fascinate / imaginative / discover spectacularly(这个单词的词根是 pect 意思是看，拥有这个词根的单词有 spectacle / spectator / spectacular / expect / perspective / prospective / introspect / 提到前面 3 个单词我一般会用它们举个例子去记忆，那就是 I am a spectator with spectacle to watch a spectacular game) / seem / claim / examine / explain / preoccupy / immense / overrate( 指 过 高估计 ) / hinder(阻碍) / unwarranted and petty criticism 没有根据并且心胸狭窄的批评 / extravagant（奢华的 是 一 个 比 较 极 端 的 意 思 ） / modest （ 在 SAT 考试中考过 的 意 思 有 A. humble B. moderate） / reiterate （这个单词经常出现在写作手法的选项中，比如 reiterate the main thesis of the passage ） / generally / accepted / misunderstood（看到这个词汇证明作者要

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批判某个理解错误的观点了） / reassess / longing / inspiring（这个单词根来源与 spirit 所以有激励的意思）/ criticize（区分 critical and criticize）/ demystify（和 misunderstood 一样，证明作 者 要 批 判 了 ） / utterly （ 一 个加强语气的副词 ） / all / scarcely （稀有 ） / pretension / happen(碰巧)3. 基本逻辑类用语but / over / contrast / Because / outweigh / more than / perpetuate（使之永恒下去，那就是趋势的延续了） / effect / accelerate（表趋势加快） / compare 4. 复杂句型(1) It was about weight and brutal power—beautifully machined heavy steel, burnished bronze, polished copper pipes, ornamental cast iron—everything built, with no expense spared, to withstand great pressures and last any number of lifetimes.点评：这句话难就难在有两个插入语干扰了我们快速把握句子的核心。(2)

The GardenAndrew Marvell (1621-1678)Casting the body's vest aside, My soul into the boughs does glide: There like a bird it sits, and sings, Then whets, and combs its silver wings;And, till prepared for longer flight, Waves in its plumes the various light.点评：这是诗歌”The Garden”的节选，这段节选表现了人类对于飞翔的梦想，里面用了诗歌常用的押韵和比喻。那么 SAT考试考察诗歌吗？其实 SAT考试中并不会直接考察诗歌，因为在 SSAT考试当中也就是美国的中考中已经考过了那么走到高考这个阶段其实是把诗歌当成一种用来支持作者写作目的的手法去考察的，所以遇到诗歌可以不用去读，但是要清楚作者在这里引用这个诗歌的目的。即关注诗歌前后的作者观点就可以了。

P420 long pair1. 重要概念类词汇conventional double calculation conceal insecurity slope smoldering snobbery distinction adventure philanthropy inherit hospitality rough-edgedness entertain vitality feast stimulating conclusion simply change perhaps esoteric sensitivity metamorphose hypocrite reputation inhabitant crave/desire social obligation belatedly gossip spirituality urbane/urban ruthless/relentless meticulous class distinction escape individual identity 2. 观点类用语 refusal eagerness fail to intolerant self-conscious silly respect reluctantly suspicion outright mistrust estrangement camaraderie despondency apprehensiveness reveal rejection resent pretend to vicariously preoccupy familiar suspicious suggest self-created de-emphasize charm crucial consider Deceitful egotism probably bizarre

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genuine impossible could dispute finally anxious crude betray suspect bore dried-up banal horror distaste3. 基 本 逻 辑 类 用 语 while differentiate more than change consequence constrain impossible undergone a change inferior more than both neither nor either or only confinement but though yet only butP455 1. 重要概念类词汇Financially duplicate penetrate intuition wretch exonerate lackluster 2. 观 点 类 用 语 could be irony appalled to insensitive awkward seems but suggest especially convincingly insight evident unreasonable possible 3. 基本逻辑类用语 foster

P4551. 重要概念类词汇Duplicate intuition spring from surgeon role model pressure medicine community interviewer profession childhood recollection collaborate2. 观点类用语Could be irony appall insensitive awkward seems not wretch indeed fame beyond suggest flaunt swagger adequate inevitably concern perception reluctance gratitude encouragement never would be 3. 基本逻辑类用语While soon after swagger share compare 4. 复杂句型(1) Life is prison, and only imagination can open its doors.

P456维多利亚时期女权问题 long pair1. 重要概念类词汇Assign domestic stricture(strict) bound inheritance stumbling blocks gentility economic exertion opprobrium inequality masculine identity discharge(多义) occupy either or carry proprietor retain auctioneering business occupation withdrawal from marriage offer faint shadow behind the scene in the course of economically unescorted guidebook missionary work escape from incentive social restriction impose individual gesture housebound autonomy fetter obligation responsibility arbitrary artificial hail temporary emancipation prowess campaign agitate single out political repression die out dedication struggle personal motive educational aristocrats pursuits fragmentary/humanitarian concern/entrepreneurial interests vocation/vacation ambassador nursemaid committed advocates2. 观点类用语

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Severely limited not respectable assume either or support possible shame consider anomalous exclusively but it requires no argument to prove that exceedingly no ordinary should only confidently more than ever only undoubtedly found oppose simply chagrin to confirm outspoken distaste actually implicit celebration ironically fail to identify could assume throughout examine Affectionate nostalgia/analytical detachment/personal regret/righteous indignation/open hostilityDiscourage universally 3. 基本逻辑类用语Progress but unlike active let along thus other than likewise in relation to comprise serve to whereas increased division became increasingly because of although increasing prosperity begin ranging from …to… less both neutralize disparity exclusion influence more than equality antagonism striking inconsistency link contradiction exempt from4. 复杂句型(1) This serves to confirm the view of one Victoria man, born in 1790, that whereas his mother has confidently joined in the family auctioneering business, the increased division of the sexes had seen the withdrawal of women from business life.(2) Despite her often outspoken distaste for the “new women” agitating for greater freedom, the travel books that she and others has written still suggested, as Paul Fussell has argued, “an implicit celebration of freedom.”

P466 干尽苦差事-农民1. 重要概念类词汇Efficiency schedule endure take off consume/assume/presume/presumptuous/resume alumnus scheduled vacation psychologist distance from moral majority great discomfort ethnical implication explain a study/offers a solution/argues a position/discussion a phenomenon/quotes an authority 2. 观点类用语Only brutal few could tolerate demanding must just *perspective *benefit literally cannot nostalgically little wonder that would be bore admire arduous 3. 基本逻辑类用语Without except superior to relatively tendency romanticization

P467 都是玉佩惹的祸1. 重要概念类词汇Jade pendant intricately fertility/posterity medallion covenant Caucasian symbolize mystery widely observed tradition/plea for forgiveness extravagance bartender purity and honesty 2. 观点类用语

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Lighthearted funny say sophisticated surprise humiliated outsmart betray garishly ornate grieve always nosy/cozy unsophisticated and heavy-handed/somber and convoluted/clear and concise/humorous and effective/clever and lively stuff emotional vulnerability exasperate/exacerbate amaze guilty resent private understanding inadequate talented take great pains to criticize side against anger lie only ponder generosity unremarkable as though3. 基本逻辑类用语Previous more than different are easier to…than… unprecedented 4. 复杂句型(1) It’s as though we were all sworn to the same secret covenant, so secret we don’t even know what we belong to.

P469 恐怖的蝙蝠1. 重要概念类词汇Nocturnal temperate species feed on exotic carnivorous vampire incision victim saliva anticoagulant get over intimately chauvinistic associate with fascinating circadian rhythms warp defenseless accustom to prey terror supernatural mythology religion superstition ghoulish pottery ornament engraving ultimate underworld bloodsucking monster Dracula cruelty passion individuality obsession anthropology/autobiography/fiction/psychiatry/biology different sides of a single issue/details that culminate in truth/a thesis followed by specific illustrations/a common argument followed by a refutation of it/a common opinion and the reasons it is held folklore 2. 观点类用语Predictable take for granted only especially may only potentially commonly know little about emphasize criticize demonstrate agreement detract do not positive sweet-tempered reveals always curious 3. 基本逻辑类用语Basis more than has it source better 4. 复杂句型(1) Because this anticoagulant is not toxic to humans, vampire bats may one day play an important role in the treatment of heart patients—that is, if we can just get over our phobia about them.(2) The long-standing fear that many people have about bats tells us less about bats than about human fear. (3) Chauvinistic about our human need to wake by day and sleep by night, we come to associate night dwellers with people up to no good, people who have the jump on the rest of us and are defying nature, defying their circadian rhythms.

P484 看电视会变白痴吗？1. 重要概念类词汇

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Commentator evaluate manipulation ideological wire-puller imitation moral dangers medium habituated libertinism/liberty irresponsibility crime violence social virtues simulation render( 多 义 ) phantomlike/phantom/illusion/delusion stupefaction/stupefy zombie mutant superfluous criterion plausibility soup opera defenseless victim polarity subjective to miracle diagnose veteran campaign register enthusiasm preoccupation appeal( 多义 ) literary origins ideal democracy artifact populace/popular morality elite mystics conspiring tone: intrigued/curious/fascinated/scornful/equivocal/indulgent/nonchanlant analytical faculties(capacity/ability/aptitude) earnest reevaluation/incredulous(suspicious/dubious/suspect) analysis/somber warning/intentional falsification/ 2. 观点类用语Virtually all above all realize blunted obstinate obvious sound against motif bourgeois/burgeon/burgeoning criticism incapable of undermine unconvincing consider seem advocate basically raise some important question impair at all allege fail to callous severely limited bother second thought conviction surprising particularly self-serving critics persuasive/unheeded underscore shortcoming narrow-minded resistance attack trivialize concentrate excessively bolster/prop/support/strengthen/shore up/endorse/side with contrary evidence/diverse authorities/historical perspective imply blurring the line between invoke on could seriously description tined with irony/humorous contempt/outraged embarrassment/worried puzzlement/relieved resignation/begrudging sympathy/ melancholy undertone3. 基本逻辑类用语Recur since the advent of distinguished private consequence/public consequence Differentiate moral decline early as far back as therefore according to serious consequence symmetry, either or, on the other hand, continue to, general decline of the culture, counterpart, impact…on…4. 复杂句型(1) This form of critique draws, as is obvious at first glance, on traditional, bourgeois sources.(2) Either the theorists make no use of television at all(in which case they do not know what they are talking about ) or they subject themselves to it, and then the question arises—through what miracle is the theorists able to escape the alleged effects of television? Unlike everyone else, the theorists has remained completely intact morally, can distinguish in a sovereign manner between deception and reality, and enjoys complete immunity in the face of the idiocy that he or she sorrowfully diagnoses in the rest of us. Or could—fatal loophole in the dilemma—the theories themselves be symptoms of a universal stupefaction?P527 Edmund Wilson & Black identity 1. 重要概念类词汇Self-conscious / studied mannerism / entangle in / artifice / circumlocution / informal / mood / occasion / response public outrage / personal challenge / eloquent / passionate /

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prevail(pervade) / spontaneous / critical / witty / multifaceted / persona / maturity / longevity / consistency / humanity / stock / cramped / drab / representation / capture / breadth / complexity / realistic sculptures/historical biographies/whimsical novels/political cartoons/colorful theorems / censor2. 观点类用语 Not / directly / undisguisedly / perhaps / cynical / preachy / belief / harmful / have to / if / predictable / true / overly sentimental/deeply complex/above reproach/without regret/beyond understanding / can / at the least / promote the belief / are likely be / at worst 3. 基本逻辑类用语Even / but / effect / 4. 复杂句型(1) On occasion—in response, perhaps, to the misery of a friend or a public outrage or a personal challenge—he can become eloquent, even passionate, but that is not his prevailing tone. (2) The belief that it is harmful to the Black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects. P 526 幻想时间旅行1. 重要概念类词汇Astronomer / telescope / galaxy / bask / observe / cozy / participation / literature / plague / laws of physics / causality(cause and effect) violation / alter / precede / contemplate / paradox/ consequence / paradox / horrified / equation / valid / deterministic / permanently / mechanical clocks / crisp / regular / interval / oblivious to / laboratory / exquisite / mysterious / ruthless / surviving / memorabilia / waft / pour out into / vaguely / twist / skip / evolutionary progression / isolation / inhabit / universe / reachable / lend and air of authority / anticipatory knowledge / differential equation / discrete / rhythmical qualities / historical significance / internal rhythms / demystify / organic process / precision / provoke /2. 观点类用语Possible / too bad we couldn’t / but / isn’t / possibilities / staggering / could / unlikely / would be / delight / of course / horrified / should / no longer always / not necessarily / would almost certainly / still / must / surprise / in fact / all the while / the most wonderful / all / if you don’t insist on / emphasize / would / may / likely / suggest / scoff / fascinating / appealing / oblivious to / always / unnecessary / not / bewilder / relentless / best / defend 3. 基本逻辑类用语But / ever since / according to / / for one thing / for example / no longer / since / put…out of work / still / in fact / recently / after / if / different / superior / link / relatively / much older than / contrasting / why / before / until / how / more rapidly than / change / affect /

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4. 复杂句型(1) Cause would no longer always precede effect. --causality violation (2) When the first mechanical clocks were invented, marking off time in crisp, regular intervals, it must have surprised people to discovery that time flowed outside their own mental and physiological processes.

P528 艺术中那晦涩的美-人们因为现实而喜爱艺术1. 重要概念类词汇Accessible / Impulse / generically / aesthetic pleasure / represent / joy / sorrow / destiny / personage / illusion / poetry / accidental qualities / utilitarian / mental activities / predominate / elusive / vanish / unaccustomed to / surrealistic / at a loss(confused) / scene / sentimental intervention / grieving / rejoicing / preoccupation / incompatible with / hatred / indeed critique / cryptic / legendary / chronicle / inspiration / accomplishment / evocation / elitist / merit 2. 观点类用语Not / certainly / seems / must be / clarify / would be / merely / perhaps / appears / essentially / only / unsure / perfectly / in principle / imply / consider / little / too difficult to / genuinely puzzled/aggressively hostile/solemnly respect/generally indifferent/condescendingly tolerant / must / cannot 3. 基本逻辑类用语Different / become / if / indistinguishable / less / more / consequently / for example / as oppose as / different / contrast / as mush as / depends on / will 4. 复杂句型(1) When forced to consider artistic forms proper—for example, in some surrealistic or abstract art—most people will only tolerate them if they do not interfere their perception of human forms and fates.(2) Unaccustomed to behaving in any mode except the practical one in which feelings are aroused and emotional involvement ensues, most people are unsure how to respond to a work that does not invite sentimental intervention.

P543 开 SUV 就代表你很狂野吗？1. 重要概念类词汇Inexorable / SUV(sport utility vehicle) / bumper / battering ram / fake / range / connotation / Frankensteinian / concoction / anxiety / manufacturer / launch / subtlety / venture into / territory / trample / hype / customer / surveillance / shelter / transportation / communities / denote / endurance / conquer / market strategy / insecure / aura / unspoiled / nonconformity 2. 观点类用语No / what matter is / propose / will never / the important goal / indeed / perfect

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3. 基本逻辑类用语Over / wealthier than / influenced by / escalating / engender / evoke / create 4. 复杂句型(1) It proposed that even though most buyers will never venture into territory any less trampled than the parking lot of the local shopping mall, the important goal of the marketing hype is to plant the images in customers’ minds that they can conquer rugged terrain.

P 544 战争信息交流不对称--- 女人的权力是在男人们打架的时候建立起来了1. 重要概念类词汇Civilian / ghastliness / unprecedented / fissure / incomprehension / uneasiness / censorship / Correspondents / exude / condescension / propaganda / heroic romance / troop / testimony / dissonance / unofficial / apocalyptic / barrier / indescribable / thrust / impediment / constitute / alienate / immure / muck / ostensibly / uncanny / pendulum / munitions / subservient / uniforms / memoirs / explicitly / temporarily / loom / uncanny / dispossess / primacy / birthright / permanently / grant / covertly / release / reunion / enthusiasm / pacifist sympathy / outburst / unconscious / loath / menial / fatal / splendid / dehumanizing / censorship / guilt / privilege / correspondent / inaccuracy / propaganda / manipulate / literature / household / fundamental / authority / redistribution / equalization / deterioration / recognition / boast / stifled / uneasiness / complacency / independence / isolate / atrocities 2. 观点类用语If / only / seldom / indeed / eventually / it is no surprise to find / could / no wonder / fail / in fact / almost at once / fear / specifically / as if / seem / ever / even / never / might / any / too / unbelievable / possible / amazing / endorse / criticize / ignorance / emphasize / suggest / support / dispute / unaware / anxious / little / would be / deliberately / resent / feel / fail / undesirable /not3. 基本逻辑类用语Even if / without / cause / as well as / but / however / increasingly / as if / more / formerly / at least / before / similarly / as well as / consequence / while / otherwise / discrepancy / outweigh / disparity / more / previously / change / cause / while / cause / both / neither / 4. 复杂句型(1) Only correspondents willing to file wholesome, optimistic copy were permitted to visit France, and even they were seldom allowed near the battlefields of the front line.

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(2) His behind the scenes at the Front, published in 1915, exudes cheer, as well as warm condescension, toward the common British soldier, whom he depicts as well fed, warm, safe, and happy—better off, indeed, than at home. (3) The nature of the barrier thrust between Vera Brittain and her finace, however, may have been even more complex than herself realized, for the impediment preventing a marriage of their true minds was constituted not only by his altered experience but by hers. (4) The wartime poems, stories, and memoirs by women sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly explore the political and economic revolution by which the First World War at least temporarily dispossessed male citizens of the primacy that has always been their birthright, while permanently granting women access to both the votes and the professions that they had never before possessed.

P553 这个女孩好像对那个男孩有点意思1. 重要概念类词汇Musician / obsess / counterpoint / fluorescent / shaft / complexion / swirl / giggle / novitiate / reverence / threshold / orchestra rehearsal / serenity / obedient / voluptuous / plump / grab / pandemonium / stuff / wedge / surreptitious / rushing / gangling / molasses / negotiate / crush / hum / fraternity / agonizing bliss / whip / crumbling / porch / sated / spoonful / ripe / laundry / strew / pile / cellist / grimace / mustache / bumblebee / cello / aerodynamically / gravity / merely / wrap / raunchy / elbow / landscape / prop / fidgety / irresistible / stiff / social commentary / nostalgic depiction / strained / enduring / demeanor / restraint / monotony / attentiveness / superficiality / complacency / loyalty / tendency / musing / foreboding / pretension / romantic / poke / emptiness / sanctity / infatuation / willingness / insecurity / short-lived / overriding / hospitality / atmosphere / conducive to / superstitious nature / instinct / frail pride / chaos and organization / mediocrity and excellence / pretension and genuineness / laziness and dedication / clumsiness and gracefulness / cunning instinct / resolute determination / volatile temperament / 2. 观点类用语But no one like / ironic counterpoint / especially / as if / fell / curse / blue / afraid / merely / unseemly complacency / contradict / uncomfortable / amuse / unaware / compel / immerse / distaste / sense / content / felt / not / strikingly / awkwardly / profoundly / closely / strongly / offbeat sense of humor / visible uneasiness / would 3. 基本逻辑类用语Contrast between / tendency to argue / counter / but 4. 复杂句型Virginia cast a surreptitious glance upward, five minutes to four or not, Clayton was not rushing. His long, gangling frame seemed to be held together by molasses; he moved deliberately, negotiating the crush while humming a tricky passage from Schumann, sailing above the mob.

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P589 对于 Carolus Linnaeus 的误解1. 重要概念类词汇Contribution / devise / classification / slot / ultimate / inquiry / entity / pigeonhole / possibility / apprehending / organism / experience / isolation / scientific data / literary allusion / historical research / personal voice / direct citation / revive / decisiveness / 2. 观点类用语Enormous / essential / could / overall / would / unfortunately / concern / heretic / dispute / wary / whole / probably / admit / exclusively / cynicism / bafflement / appreciation / nostalgia / resentment / demonstrate / refuse to appreciate / fail to distinguish / misunderstood / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Yet / effect / minimize / better…than... / 4. 复杂句型(1) The eighteenth-century botanist Carolus Linnaeus’ enormous and essential contribution to natural history was to devise a system of classification whereby any plant or animal could be identified or slotted into an overall plan. (2) Unfortunately, this truth was not apparent to his immediate successors, who for the next hundred years were to concern themselves almost exclusively with classification.(3) I do not dispute the value of the tool he gave natural science, but I am wary about the change it has effected on humans’ relationship to the world. (4) They are social creatures, and their society in turn supports other species of plants, insects, birds, mammals, and microorganism, all of which make up the whole experience of the woods.

P 590 没有现代科技的生活原来如此美好—谁说土人的生活不够刺激的1. 重要概念类词汇Marvelous / amazement / electric bulbs / obsessive noise / prosperous / merchant / character / misfortune / affliction / transform / audience / outlandish fraud / illusion / merit / emotional outburst / victim / weep / misfortune / cylinder phonographs / substitute / antiquate / organ / livelihood / curiosity / disguise / novelty / observation / enchant / mechanical / crude reality / amusement / install / rudimentary / crank / incredulous / capacity / inhabitant / permanent alternation / revelation / extreme / grow accustomed to / project / enthusiastic / persistent / obvious / infatuate / admission / outlandish adventure / implausible plot / socially beneficial / employment / fashion / educational value / entertainment / intricate / diverse crowd / influx / delineate / virtue /

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excessive charge / not / assumption 2. 观点类用语Dazzle / not / would / tolerate / proclamation / not / felt / but / could / serious disappointment / upset / indignant / too…to…/ could envision / fearful / would / not all / do not have any / not at all / meant purely 3. 基本逻辑类用语Similar / increase / in order to / reach the conclusion / compare with / on the other hand / because / as if / lack / because of / faster than / more / change / no longer / have a serious effects on their continue employment / influence / new / over4. 复杂句型(1)They become indignant over the living images that the prosperous merchant BC projected on the screen in the theater with the lion-head ticket windows, for the character who had died and was buried in one film, and for whose misfortune tears of affliction has been shed, would reappear alive and transformed into an Arab sheik in the next one. (2)At first curiosity increased the business on the street where they were sold and there was even a word of respectable persons who disguised themselves as workers in order to observe the novelty of the phonograph at first hand, but from so much and such close observation they soon reached the conclusion that it was not an enchanted mill as everyone had thought and as some had said, but a mechanical trick that could not be compared with something so moving, so human, and so full of everyday truth as a band of musicians.

P592 Martha Graham1. 重要概念类词汇Adept / aesthetician / approach / mathematician / physicist / receding / kinesthetic / suggestibility / penumbra / evoke / manipulate / maneuver / symbolic / dynamism / nothingness / void / withhold / negation / insult / royal personage / medieval / Renaissance / spontaneously / permanent / mythology / disparate / deviation / modification / moisture / spatial / monarch / choreography / disclaimer and assertion / invocation and definition / apology and confession / authority and hypothesis / rebuttal and analysis / spectacular effect / estrangement / universality / gullibility / lull the audience into complacent acceptance / association / terminology / cultural hierarchy / cherish / accessible to contemporary viewers / unsophisticated version 2. 观点类用语Not / could not / but I believe / rarely / if ever / assume / almost / not only / seem to probably / in fact / not / but, more wonderful / likely / impossibility / provoke unwarranted suspicions / reveal / not subject to / difficult / not / royal patronage / conceive / unique / unhindered interaction / relative privacy / respect from strangers / approval from others / reclusive isolation 3. 基本逻辑类用语

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Similar / produce…effects / therefore / as magic a connection as can be made on this earth / equal reduce / nonetheless / according / unless / yet / then / different responses / universally understood / change / effect / more than 4. 复杂句型(1) Is it not also likely, then, that certain space relations, rhythms, and stresses have psychological significance, that some of these patterns are universal and the key to emotional response, that their deviations and modifications can be meaningful to artists in terms of their own life experiences and that these overtones are grasped by spectators without conscious analysis?

P 607 孩子眼中的大海1. 重要概念类词汇Boast / solid / miraculously / startle / decorate / nautical / mirror / basement / lawn / 2. 观点类用语Could / not quite / seem / of course / so / awe and fear / mischief and curiosity / sadness and confusion / wonder and delight / uncertainty and impatience / as if 3. 基本逻辑类用语4. 复杂句型The tall windows became so solid in color and form, gold and blue, that the house seemed to be full of sea; until, of course, one turned round and saw the real sea, so miraculously real that it startled.

P607 巴基斯坦的考古突破1. 重要概念类词汇Excavated artifact / reevaluation / urban / enigmatic / civilization / Mesopotamia （ TOEFL-iBT 加 试 文 章 之 一 ） / linguist / decipher / script / attempt / structure / colleague / miscellaneous / glean / social significance / ancient urban civilizations / archaeologist / 2. 观点类用语Have not been totally useless / should / all / frustrated / resigned / ambivalent / somewhat encouraged / unshakably confident 3. 基本逻辑类用语Have inspired / reevaluation / much less…than… / because / yet / attempting to / similarities / 4. 复杂句型(1) Recently excavated artifacts from Pakistan have inspired a reevaluation of one of the great early urban cultures—the enigmatic Indus Valley civilization, one of the four great early Old World state-cultures, along with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China’s Yellow River civilization. (2) Much less is known about the Indus civilization than these other states because linguists have yet to decipher the Harappan script found on recovered objects.

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(3) We have gleaned the insights by examining the context of the writing’s use.

P 608 环保问题夸张了，又咋的了？--民主党与共和党对与环保问题所采取的政治策略1. 重要概念类词汇Environmental popularizers / one-sided picture / disagreement / relevant to / zeal / prompt / authority / partisanship / implicit / failure / originality / perspective / commitment / confusion / noble impulse / projection / prediction / warning / falsify / exaggerate / wrack / food riot / epidemic / pesticide-induced cancer / rigors / consumption / toxic / prophecy / intellectual weakness / rhetorical strength / release / sentiment / imminent calamities / befall / well-off / endemic / waterborne / inadequate swage treatment / faraway / category / ozone depletion / immediacy / compassion / entrench / impending / doom / pessimistic appraisal / urgency / equivalent / stunning / regulation / burdensome / strikingly / environmentalism / dominate / futility / crisis / decline / essayist / ecologist / endure / exploitation / threat / life-sustaining / irreparable / anachronism / render / obsolete / reluctant / acknowledge / political spectrum / tacitly / undercut / stylish / occasionally / wickedness incarnate / affordable / at an affordable cost / bargain / liberals / crime / welfare / medical care / trumpet / astonishing / environment protection / encounter / moralistic attitude / environmental decline / prevalence / an elaborate speculation / a historical summary / a list of sources / an introductory aside / a scientific theory / conservative politician / public pronouncement / aspersion / bureaucratic ineptitude / parody / blatant / quasi-religious / unethical / retrospect / trite / validity / stimulus / dire warning / alienating / elite / laypersons / political influence / technical / spokespeople / sufficiently / exaggerated rhetoric / Left and Right / Liberals and Conservatives / stringent / personal experience / an elaborate speculation / a historical summary / a list of sources / an introductory aside / a scientific aside / a scientific theory / stimulus / dire warnings / elite 2. 观点类用语But / how could one regret the “minor” confusion that might arise from such noble impulses? / not surprisingly / may be / could / nevertheless / will / projected consequences / should not be / cast aspersions on / humorously / rail against / outrage and resentful disappointment / skepticism and qualified admiration / indifference and urgent concern / alarm and grudging acceptance / open-mindedness and staunch advocacy / uncertainty /naïve / more than ever / in no way / dubious / consider inappropriate / lack / overly / not sufficiently / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Greater authority than they deserve / led to / continue to / because / though / because / hence / due to / more than / and yet / along with / less than / consequence / potential results / have change over years / has frightened / irrelevant / both / once…(original)but is now...(trite) / because good news is less of a stimulus to action than are dire warnings

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/ continue to worsen / 4. 复杂句型(1) There is nothing wrong with attempting to make the often difficult and complex findings of science available to a wider audience, but environmental populariers often present a one-side picture and hide important scientific disagreements on issues relevant to environmental quality. (2) Even as far back as Aristotle, it was observed that we fear things less the more distance they are. (3) Without such immediacy, one could only arouse a sentiment like compassion, which is not as strong as fear. (4) Few ideas are more deeply entrenched in our political culture than that of impending ecological doom. (5) But as least insofar as the Western world is concerned, this line of thought is an anachronism, rendered obsolete by its own success.

P617 Frederick Douglass’ biography ( an American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer)1. 重要概念类词汇Slavery / instrumental / abolitionist / ridicule / convention / proceedings / accompanied / editorial comment / hail / proposed title / exclusion / temperance association / secretary / aligned / violation / equality / entertain / doubts / disposition of property / pioneer / legislation / budge / address / veteran / severe / architect / infamous / fugitive / publicize / bluntly / willingness / defenseless / appearance / segregated / split / moral suasion / opposition / antislavery / solicit / campaign / capital punishment / circulate / petition / impending / execution / imprisonment / punishment / resolution / issue / scheduled chair / intimidate / ally with / cordial / sensitive / prejudice / loyalty / political activism / audibly / summon / ridicule / status quo / political negotiation / abolition / compromise / political inexperience / error / judgment / philosophy of temperance / inadvertently / lengthy / dissention / disobedience / friction / politically expedient / reluctance / property / 2. 观点类用语Indeed / invariably / would be / reject / imply / but / in short / wish / could / urge / however / refuse / critical / but / criticized / accuse / side with / against / protest / won over / refusal to change eager to / defied / asserted / opposed / extremely / could be / support / contradict / only / preferable / strongly favored / not / seem / criticize / neglect / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Because / equally / even though / as important to the family as that of their husbands / not only…but also… / more severe / in addition to / as well as / thus / once again / more…than… / not receive the same… / similarity / financial consequences / change / so that / supersede / consistently / for the sake of / little in common / contribute to / less

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desirable than direct action / associate with / stop / both / in spite of / cause / since / at the same time / but / both less popular with the public / higher than / while / further / more than 4. 复杂句型(1) At one time, he had entertained serious doubts about wives being given the right to share equally with their husbands the disposition of property, since “the husband labors hard” while the wife and might not be earning money. (2) Women like Stanton and Anthony were close to abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. When Douglass split with Garrison over the latter’s reliance on words and “moral suasion” as the major route to abolition, as well as over Garrison’s opposition to antislavery political action, some women’s rights leaders grew cool toward Douglass.

第 5套题语言文化冲突1. 重要概念类词汇Hispanic American / perceive / challenge / celebrate / achievements / novelist / expressiveness / artistic approaches / dilemma / columnist / nuance / articulate / journalist / essay / audience / unfamiliar / 2. 观点类用语Assume / find 3. 基本逻辑类用语New / both 4. 复杂句型The use of two languages in the title itself expresses the difficulty that the author perceives in narrating personal experience in one language when one has lived in another.

科技的发展速度比小说的预测还要快出许多1. 重要概念类词汇Masterpiece / portrait / heuristically / anxiety / millennium / portable / interface / forgo / manual control / spaceship / envision / computer programmer / deficiencies / stimulate / human intelligence / emotion 2. 观点类用语Probably / could / surprisingly / perhaps / resentment / appreciation / confusion / awe /

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derision / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Superiority / consistent attempt / override / simulate / surpass 4. 复杂句型Today’s computers are vastly smaller and more portable than HAL and use software interfaces that forgo the type of manual controls found on the spaceship that carried HAL.

P 648 女性选举权1. 重要概念类词汇Controversy / debate / definition / constitution / embody / patriarchal / matriarchal / assumption / participate / government / status / indenture / servant / slave / justify / representation / political action / exert / fund-raising / tea boycotts / profiteering merchants / loyalist / political claims / wartime atrocities / influential / privately / elite / unbidden / public forum / embolden / revolutionary rhetoric / democracy / reinterpret / preamble / Declaration of Independence / institution / controversial / problematic / exemplify / consciousness / naturally tyrannical / tendency / appropriate / subordinate / chivalrous / child / saucy / trivialize / discourse / social disorder / repeal / masculine / manifestation / impact / patriarchy / foundation / immutable / servant / representatives / ensure / equitable / dominance / household / undertake / property right / disloyal / vocal / socially influential / fundamentally / compatible marriage / partner / authentically / innately / pressing issue / insignificant issue / glimpse / crucial / militant spirit / ill-fated effort / ridicule / futility /2. 观点类用语No / could not / but there was no need felt even to mention / never / yet / at the very least / but / in practice / only / could not / if / would / view / was seen as both ludicrous and profoundly threatening / unusual / incongruity / no / in fact / could be / protest / only / not consider / agree on / do not / conflict / approval / outrage / outright dismissal / ambivalence / assumption / disapproval / ridicule / fear / 3. 基本逻辑类用语But / much less / yet / differently than / unlike / while / give example of / more vocal about their political views than other women / tend to be more socially influential than those that supported the revolution / until / despite / both / change 4. 复杂句型(1) It was felt necessary by the founders to define the status of indentured servants, slaves, and American Indians in regard to voting rights, but there was no need felt even to mention, much less to explain or justify, that while women were to be counted among “the whole member of free persons” in each state for purpose of representation, they had no right to vote or to be elected to public office. (2) Yet women in large numbers had been involved in political actions in the American Revolution and had begun to define themselves differently than had their mothers

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and grandmothers. (3) Unbidden and without a recognized public forum, and emboldened by the revolutionary rhetoric and the language of democracy, women began to reinterpret their own status. (4) Depend upon it, we know better than to repeal our masculine systems. (5) Having established patriarchy as the foundation of family and the state, men viewed it as immutable and made it very definition of social order. To challenge it was seen as both ludicrous and profoundly threatening.

P650 爱玩是好事1. 重要概念类词汇Puppy / gnawing / pawing / tugging / littermates / antics / rambunctious / chase / wrestle / sibling / mammal / fraction / imaginary battles / flee / solitary / tickle / tag / solitary / fraction / exuberance / purposeless / nebulous / goof off / accumulation / mental development / permanent / muscle fiber / biologist / probe / physiological / stalk / traumatically / essential lesson / close-knit / socializing / evolve / confer / cognitive / abundance / nutrition / parental care / aesthetic factor / primary / physical similarities / adulthood / social organization / behavioral similarities / physiological development / toddler / hoop / roller-skate / string / corroborate / resistance / conservative scientists / credibility / emerge / physical coordination / 2. 观点类用语Consider / only / not unusual / even / may be / ignore / assume / seemingly / not / apparently / thus / perhaps / not everyone agrees with this theory / though / but / convince / sometimes / controversial point / do not always / may / only / prefers to / mainly / promote / commonly 3. 基本逻辑类用语Differentiate / thus / contrast with / previous description / similarities / because / tend to begin / strength / as / associate with 4. 复杂句型(1) Biologist assumed that this seemingly purposeless activity had little effect on animal development, was not a distinct form of behavior, and was too nebulous a concept either to define or to study. (2) By stalking and capturing imaginary prey over and over again, a kitten builds its muscle and brain connections in a way that allows it to perform those actions later in life.

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(3) Another explanation is that play may not have evolved to confer any advantage but is simply a consequence of higher cognitive abilities or an abundance of nutrition and parental care. (4) For the bears, we are becoming increasingly convinced that aesthetic factors are primary.

P 665 小朋友玩玩具能玩出文化，我才不信呢1. 重要概念类词汇Rattle / constant companion / apprehend / mentor /grasp / furnish / rehearsal / proceed / constraint / self-consciousness / inherent capacities / assimilation / grandiose conclusion / maintain / cultural microcosm / profound significance / childhood recreation / validity / transition / furnish / hogwash / stilted writing style / crucial evidence / 2. 观点类用语Nothing / almost / in some sense / in nearly every imaginable situation / not / rather / can’t dispute / might / however / have gone so far as to 甚至 / not / speculate / should / misleading / cautious / vague / uncharacteristically perceptive / exaggerated and pretentious / scholarly / disdainful / apologetic / sentimental / somber / never / falsify 3. 基本逻辑类用语Distinction / different / 4. 复杂句型(1) In nearly every imaginable situation, children are accompanied by toys and that perform the vital role of reducing a complex universe of human culture to terms that they can readily apprehend. (2) Rather, toys furnish a playground where rehearsals for reality can proceed without constraint or self-consciousness, allowing children an opportunity to exercise their inherent capacities for learning and assimilation. (3) Some have gone so far as to claim that toys are critical to teaching children about their cultures, maintaining that, without toys, children would have difficulty adjusting to the ways of the world. (4) Perhaps those who speculate about the profound significance of childhood recreation should spend more time playing with toys and less time writing about them.

P 666 电子书1. 重要概念类词汇

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Recorded book / auditory inwardness / conjure up / subtler / silence / vocal tyranny / powerless / admonish / continually / timbre / inflection / collaborative component / stylistic / vocalization / wreak havoc / captive listener / inner voice / vigor / neutrality / clear medium / interpretation / render / re-mastered recording / skin-prickling illusion / proximity / fixity / audio book / shared experience / passive audience / exchange / intonation / involuntary grunt / sigh / sighted reader / private / intensely personal act / solo flight / copilot / epic / initial impression / revise / mutual property / intimate space / convenience / conscious / flaw / compel / abrupt / discount / outpouring / staged pleas / extended time / drop their guard / briefly / mysterious space / solitary / punctuate / scroll command / hover / presence / bounce off / read off / genuine dialogue / limited availability / distinctive voice / sufficient expression / indulging precocious children / active participation / pride / gender / particular stylistic problem / romantic love / feminist scholar / landscape / watercolor / regional dialect / fairy tale / vocalist / interfere / appreciation / gender / particular instance / disturbing / peculiar manner / one-sided / monotonous chore / vocal inflection / obscure / intended meaning / idiosyncratic / unconscious expression / betray / rigorous and presumptuous / pragmatic and pedagogical / capricious and creative / provocative and unprecedented / arbitrary and idiosyncratic /fairly predictable error / prose / dramatic quality / opportunistic motive / naïvete / sophistication / humorous moment / seriousness / shared activity / passive experience / burdensome responsibility / enjoyable interaction / capture / spontaneous emotion 2. 观点类用语But / not at all / don’t / obviously / aware / nor could I / sometime / indeed / find / waver / question / assumption / almost always feels / perceive / precisely / I can’t help myself / usually / particularly / imagine / notice / I don’t discount the possibility / not merely / acknowledge / caution the reader against / stress the importance of / recount / prefer to / does not / can not / do not / reiterate / opposition / challenge / irony / enunciate / disheartening / inspiring / surprisingly / imply / assert / argue / overly critical / more than / all / underscore /suggest / mock / exemplify / intellectual objectivity3. 基本逻辑类用语Because / accords with / come from / tendency / create / usually / shape / will / revise / more than / leads to / shift the discussion from…to… / because / since / because / while / fewer and fewer / more / regardless of / whereas / contrast with 4. 复杂句型(1) Sometimes, to be sure, the fit is excellent—either because the reader achieves the right neutrality, allowing the voice to become a clear medium for the text, or because the interpretation somehow accords with my own expectation. (2) At the moments like these I find myself wavering, questioning the fixity of my assumptions.(3) This is precisely what alarms the sighted reader who thinks of reading as a private and intensely personal act, a solo flight with no copilot to look over your shoulder, make

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snide comments, or gush about view. (4) This is not convenience that allows me to return their work as quickly as a sighted teacher would. But reading their work aloud also makes the students more conscious of flaws in their prose. (5) I feel myself briefly invited into the mysterious space between the writer and the text. I imagine them sitting along, in the circle of light cast by a solitary reading lamp. The text lies in their laps. Or they read it off the computer screen, their reading punctuated by an occasional tap-tap-tap of the scroll command. Outside the circle of light, in the general darkness, I hover, a receiving presence.

P676 一个教授的自白（Damn it, 书读多了，思想表达起来就复杂的要死，所以文章中长难句巨多）1. 重要概念类词汇Literature / unfold / impatience / irritation / brook / straw / vagrant grievance / trembling / exultation / appointment / academic year / triumphantly / commas / personality / specimen / exhibit / incredible / overt / intellectual / stun / moral insensitiveness / transparency / faculty / cabal / salary increase / teaching load / mismanagement / conceal / fantastic / background / beg / dietitian / unscramble / colleague / condolatory / enumeration / inconsonant / strategy / elicit / dry amusement / contempt / triteness / tedium / forbearance / progressive / repetition / affair / unwarranted / tawdry farce / reenact / academic harness / anticipate / tendril / spiraled / betrayal / keenly / unremitting hatred / wound / self-esteem / tender / transcend / personal animosities / factional differences / individual distinct / opposition / concord / flatly / simple intelligence / administrative mentality / operational / literal sensibility / blunt / naked wielding of power / measure / abyss / anomalies / gleam of pleasure / superior intellect / inferior adversary / moral comedy / sardonic application / peppermint / biography / contributor / prestigious magazines / lexicon / ferocious envy / mediocrity / excellence / jobholder / observer / partial knowledge / administrator / vindictive / unwise / timid / hesitant rebuke / enforcement / stated police / consideration / elicit / sympathetic response / college faculty / theoretical issue / trivial to the serious / imitation / literal-minded diction / euphemism / witty / amusing / outspoken / dedicate / academic achievement / successful and respected / liberal and experimental / eager to / steadily improving in / oriented toward / drama / reveal / evenly / recognition / deserve / personal life / professional career / personality / scholarly pursuit / devotion / loyalty / college administrator / intimidate / peer / dedication / superior education / academic honor / college administration / extraordinary amount of time / modest / academic accomplishments / competent / at the expense of / alert / flaw 2. 观点类用语Become aware of / could / only / all / not / criticism / abuse / cynical skepticism / comical self-pity / sincere compassion / whimsical delight / profound surprise / delighted appreciation / bitter disappointment / sly criticism / condescending sympathy / amused scorn / resent / jealous / malicious / forgive / praise / promote / qualified / disagree /

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tautly / unemphatically / unequivocally / ridicule / impressive / not / idealistic / self-sacrificing / naïve / arrogant / distaste / resentment / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Initially / necessary / be in keeping with / continue to do / less progressive than / have better… than… / are smaller / even though / more than / despite / not as satisfying as / take precedence over / too…to… / because of…, … / despite / less intelligent than he is / 4. 复杂句型(1) When Henry Mulcahy, a middle-aged instructor of literature at Jocelyn College, Jocelyn, Pennsylvania, unfolded the president’s letter and became aware of its contents, he gave a sudden sharp cry of impatience and irritation, as if such interruptions could positively be brooked no longer. (2) On the surface of his mind, this vagrant grievance kept playing. Meanwhile, he had grown pale and his hands were trembling with anger and a strange sort of exultation. (3) He sprang to his feet and mimed the sentence aloud, triumphantly, in inverted commas, brining the whole force of his personality to bear on this specimen or exhibit of the incredible. (4) He had guessed long ago that Hoar meant to dismiss him, but he was amazed, really amazed that the man should have given himself away by an action as overt as this one. (5) A condolatory smile, capping this enumeration, materialized on his lips; the letter was so inconsonant, with the simplest precepts of strategy that it elicited a kind of pity, mingled with contempt and dry amusement. (6) Still, the triteness of the attempt, the tedium of it, tried forbearance to the limit; at a progressive college, surely, one had the right to expect something better than that one was used to at Dudley or Wilkins State, and the very element of repetition gave the whole affair an unwarranted and unreal character, as of some tawdry farce seriously reenacted. (7) For the truth was, as Mulcahy, had to acknowledge, pacing up and down his small office, that in spite of all evidence he had been given of the president’s unremitting hatred, he found himself hurt by the letter—wounded, to be honest, not only in his self-esteem but in some tenderer place, in that sense of contract between people that transcends personal animosities and factional differences, that holds the individual distinct from the deed and maintains even in the fieriest opposition the dream of final agreement and concord. (8) It was the unusual mistake of a complex intelligence in assessing a simple intelligence, of an imagination that is capable of seeing and feeling on many levels at once, as opposed to an administrative mentality that feels operational, through acts.(9) The anomalies of the situation afforded him a gleam if pleasure—to a person of superior intellect, the idea that he or she has been weak or a fool in comparison with an inferior adversary is fraught with moral comedy and sardonic philosophic applications.

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(10) …, but in the opinion of a number of his colleagues the cleverest man at Jocelyn and the victim, here as elsewhere, of that ferocious envy of mediocrity for excellence that is the ruling passion of all systems of jobholders.

P 711 看科幻小说其实也没有啥不好的1. 重要概念类词汇Justice / amount / ranching method / dramatizing / social inquiry / cultural tendencies / mortified / cherished insight / common ground / hokum / trickery / appreciation / methodology / scientific element / genre / humanities / humanistic elements / predictably / insightful / chillingly realistic / artistically pleasing / socially useful / widely understood / righteous exactness / motivate / purse / bridge / gloss over / literary merit / inaccuracies / popularity / factual distortion / 2. 观点类用语See / might as well / most important / submit / can be / would be / totally / but / probably / not / unabashed admiration / qualified appreciation / open amusement / veiled distaste / utter contempt 3. 基本逻辑类用语Thereafter / more important than / serve as a link / on the one hand…on the other / bridge / more appealing to children than… / transcend / more accurately than / / despite / has increased in popularity / 4. 复杂句型(1) I cannot see much justice in the repeated claims that it sugars the pill of a scientific education.(2) Scientific fiction’s most important use, I submit, is as a means of dramatizing social inquiry, of providing a fictional mode in which cultural tendencies can be isolated and judged. (3) But beneath all the surface trickery of science fiction, there is a general respect for science and some appreciation to its methodology, which is probably more important than the facts that can be found in a textbook.(4) Younger readers of science fiction, not firmly fixed in either culture, absorb both scientific and humanistic elements from their readings. Thereafter, neither culture can be so strange.

P 712 狗如何去感知世界的1. 重要概念类词汇Perceptual capacities / occasionally / brood about / ancillary / wrinkle / scent / consciousness / squid / visually / deaf / blind / mute / paralyze / corollary / theoretical / technical / prompt / utter / terrace / skunk / inhabit / radically / principle / phenomenology / falsifyingly literal representation / function / integrate / confirm / memorable / behavior / philosophical truth / a single individual’s perception / color blindness / depth perception / motivation / verifiable hypotheses / presence / nature /

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psychologically / phenomenology / universal / constant / 2. 观点类用语Although / but / might / if / would / couldn’t / only / well / but / whimsical speculation / awareness / false 3. 基本逻辑类用语Comparative / just as / for example / because / so / different / more than / in order to / effects / differs from / superior to / 4. 复杂句型We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to represent something visually familiar by means of actual scent.

P 714 把所有的黑人送去非洲，这个方法太烂了。W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey1. 重要概念类词汇Warring soul / crisis / official journal / meaningful / advancement / tension / race pride / identification / grievance / priorities / editorial / diminution / criticism / racism / distinguished / ambition / disastrous / loyal / negation / race pride / recognize / responsibility / arbitrate / focal point / magazine / premise / patent / nobility / flourish / formidable challenge / hostility / interracial / scheme / emigrate / defensive / specter / characteristic / announce / preside / public lecture / permission / candidate / election / convention / politely / amazement / persuading / legitimacy / purchase / transport / race consciousness / economic empowerment / comprising separate culture / distinct heritage / demanding freedom / racial purity / obsession / scatter / deflect / fantasize / poem / continent / cultivate / scholar / cryptic / ominously / liberal idea / fantasize / demagogue / inflame / burst / self-doubt / nationalism / charismatic appeal / philosophies / quarrel / eventual reconciliation / democracy and dictatorship / ideals and practical demand / racial and national allegiance / literary and political ambition / specific concern / support / racial harmony / crisis / copyright / safeguard / permission / fantasize / 2. 观点类用语Decline / barely / no / declare / would be / saw / controversial / almost / comment / refuse to support / devalue / advocate / military service / official stance / race pride / economic opportunities / global democracy / inherently / dignified and worthy / royalty / descend from / ethnicity / all / scorn / doubt / envy / admire / appreciate / but / courteous to antagonistic / professional to personal / remote to close / remote to close / distrustful to ambivalent / competitive to cooperative / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Superficial similarities / nevertheless / according to / account for / difference / rather than / more than / despite / superiority / effect / take precedence over / in a very different way / 4. 复杂句型

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(1) Perhaps the editor had written more than he intended in using the word “forget”, for Crisis before and after the editorial showed no diminution in its criticism of racism. But he distinguished between Allied and German ambitions, and declare that defeat of the former one would be disastrous for that “United States of the World” to which he was most loyal.(2) A black skin was in itself a sort of patent to nobility. (3) In a cryptic piece in Crisis in 1922, Du Bois was surely referring to Garvey when he ominously predicted the rise of a demagogue who would “come to lead, inflame, lie, and steal” and when he commented that such a person would “gather large followings and then burst and disappear.”

P729 克服道德偏见的女作家 + 欧洲贸易对于美国北部的远大影响1. 重要概念类词汇Improper / professional / prejudice / illustrator / business / engraving / novelist / petition / institute / get around / nude drawing / studio / purse / professional goal / social respectability / mainstream / society / materialist / aesthete / perfectionist / egotist / pragmatist / activist / dreamer / revolutionary / celebrity / philanthropist / adversary / advocate / artisan / ascetic / charlatan / hedonist / orator / pariah / raconteur / skeptic / virtuoso / architecture / conquest / casual contact / unfamiliar / strangeness / ware / systematic / subsistence / residential pattern / frequently / competition / principles of reciprocity and equality / substantially / ethic / imperative / decimated the population of… / reserve / arrogant / exotic / capricious / grasping(greedy) / 2. 观点类用语Thought / exclusively / only / undermine / not / but / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Harder…than / easier…than / decreased reliance on…. / on a basis / unprecedented / as a result / grow dependent on / while / led to / increased competition / 4. 复杂句型(1) As a result, they grew dependent on their European trading partners while frequently entering into competition with one another. (2) In the end, the principles of reciprocity and equality were substantially undermined by the ethics and imperatives of the traders. (3) She petitioned for nude drawing classes for women, later instituting such a class at an art school for women.P 730 The California Museum1. 重要概念类词汇Hillside / overlook / Pacific / critic / plastic city / kitsch / grump / monument / aggressive / cultural pretension / self-aggrandizement / re-creation / eruption / specialize / classical antiquities / ignite / criticism / on school of thought / sufficiently neutral / therein / permissible / miserably / tasteful / conceive / accurately / reproduce / faithful / replica / architecture / execute / manner / incongruous appearance / interior / villa / omit /

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devastating / authenticity / excavation / legitimate / foot the bills for / facility / trustee / reservation / concrete / fad / monstrosity / flout / beam / conventional wisdom / doctrinaire / elitist / calculate / admitted degree / arrogance / sniff / arbitrary criteria / unruffled / shrillest critic / authoritative / exhaust / picturesque / celebrate imagination / picturesque / garish / inauthentic / coherent / accommodate/ patron / clash with / harmoniously / landscape / domestic fixture / embellishment / antiquities / personal fortune / cantankerousness / impulsiveness / preference / donation / financial acumen / arrangement / courageous defiance / pointed satire / spiteful mischief / reluctant compromise / justified indignation / anticipate / vehement / future expansion / convenience / questionable authenticity / practicality / historical period / segment / contemporary / constructive advice / audience / attendance / house / integrate it / layout / vehement / 2. 观点类用语Contemptuously / controversial / favorably / impress / but / negate / perhaps / most / merely / guesswork / told / refuse / want…to be / say / have aroused controversy / do not / misunderstood / ignore / only / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Outstrip / compare / because / neither nor / in accord with / resemble / experience fewer difficulties than / unless / since / will continue to have an impact on… / although 4. 复杂句型(1) But it is the design of the building rather than the art itself that has ignited the most heated controversy of 1970’s. (2) One school of thought that the museum building itself is not sufficiently neutral, that a museum ought not to be, of itself, a work of art, competing with the collection displayed therein. (3) I refuse to pay for one of those concrete-bunker-type structures that are the fad among museum architects—nor for some tinted-glass-and-stainless-steel monstrosity. (4) The flouting of conventional wisdom and refusal to conform carry with them many risks. This is nowhere more true than in the Art World, certain quarters of which tend to be very much doctrinaire and elitist. However, I had calculated the risks—and, I say this with an admitted degree of arrogance, I disregarded them. (5) Thus, I was neither shaken nor surprised when some of the early returns showed that certain critics sniffed at the new museum. (6) I have a fortunate capacity to remain unruffled. I also have had more than sufficient experience in many areas of life to know that the most shrillest critics are not necessarily the most authoritative (and seldom the most objective). Beyond this, the very shrillness of their cries and howls very quickly exhausts their wind.

P740 现在的人都不会怀旧了

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1. 重要概念类词汇Burrow / unwrap / sleigh / lane / placid / generation / continuous / synonymous / landscape / timber / elm / wintry / weasel / flirt / cabin / glitter / raid / illusion / astonishment / revolver / court / assert / affection / mutability / morose / silence / interrupt / security / intimately / profoundly / submit / divorce / transportation / shallowly / comprehend / unwillingness / indefinitely / occasionally / asteroid / front historian / theorize / uproot / lawless / purseless / social cut-off / emigrate / cherish / ionization / subtract / realistic / baggage / breath into / space helmet / synthetic / circuitry / domestic sentiment / empathy / ghostly feedback / time machine / worry / luxurious accommodation / atmosphere / stimulation / privacy / immerse / intuitively / possess / ancestor / resident / deliberate / confinement / vague / forebode / infancy / surrounding / professional / powerless / creativity / unwillingness / property / self-esteem / emotional / yeaning / recapture / authority / ancestor / supplement / domestic heaven / physical survival / status / burden / physical possession / artistic tradition / responsibility / motivation / achievement / hypocritical rhetorical / attachment / alienate / solitude / spouse / 2. 观点类用语Marvelously / unutterably deprived / felt / thoroughgoning / morose silence / if ever / absolutely submitted to / not / but / probably / only / would / must be / contradict / superior / scoff /3. 基本逻辑类用语Less continuous than synonymous / resemble / both / 4. 复杂句型(1) It was a process like ionization: what was subtracted from one pole was added to the other.(2) The moderns, carrying little baggage of the cultural kind, not even living in traditional air, but breathing into their space helmets a scientific mixture of synthetic gases (and polluted at that) are the true pioneers.(3) Their circuitry seems to include no domestic sentiment, they have had their empathy removed, their computers hum no ghostly feedback of the Home, Sweet Home. (4) Present and past were less continuous than synonymous

P787传奇人物都应该有一个悲惨的命运1. 重要概念类词汇Tragedies / despair / humiliation / bankruptcy / contributory / incubation / hatch / discord / bereavement / ultimately / manifest / chronic illness / agonizing / disaster / literary critic / transform into / onward / repeatedly / vitally / culminating / tendencies / hardship / pessimism / artistry / reluctant acknowledgement / output / mold / distress / instrumental / 2. 观点类用语

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But / however / deplore / not / rather than / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Was deeply affected by… / much like / less than / more than / inconsistent with 4. 复杂句型(1) These certainly are contributory causes, but the writings of Adams and Clemens reveal that the despair is in a slow process of incubation from their earliest work, and that it is finally hatched by the growing political discords, moral conflicts, and economic problems of their age. (2) In Clemens’ writings from 1985 onward, however, we can watch while he repeatedly tries and fails to make something of these experiences that were so vitally important to him—and finally we can see him fuse and transform them into a culminating work of art, the book (publish posthumously ) that we know as The Mysterious Stranger.

P788 我右手断了还有左手1. 重要概念类词汇Shoulder / permitted / adapting / adept / immobilize / identity / sphere / circuit / synaptic / connectivity / deliberate / unconsciously / reincorporate / dexterous / circumstance / automatic / tissue healing / nexus / muscular / postural adjustment / surgeon / guideline / synthesis / physiotherapist / neurologist / marvellingly / richness / phenomena / individual adaptation / challenge / vicissitude / distress / trail / evolution / potentially / radical / dynamic / static / defect / crucial / perception / plasticity / capacity / striking / neutral / sensory / mishap / redefine / disposition / rigidly / trial and error / supremely / amusing anecdotes / detached analysis / scientific hypothesis / general observation / convey / ambidextrous / evoke / sympathetic response / physical strength / conjecture / vulgar / regimen / rehabilitation / dealt with / inadequately / standpoint / surgery / credentials / intellectual orientation / organic function / limitless 2. 观点类用语Although / not / but / not merely / if / is by no means / must / attitude / thus / may / almost / above all / remarkable / indeed / refute / counter / skeptical / contrast / frustration / open-minded / consider / dispel / doubt / held / believe / view / fail to / recognize / speculation / emphasize / virtually / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Continuing / have complete control over / both / parallel / minutely differentiated / complement / impact 4. 复杂句(1) I am also become very adept with toes, to compensate for having one arm in sling.(2) But recovery, in such circumstance, is by no means automatic, a simple process like tissue healing—it will involve a whole nexus of muscular and postural adjustments, a whole sequence of new procedures, leaning, finding, a new path to recovery.

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(3) For me, as a physician, nature’s richness is to be studied in the phenomena of health and disease, in the endless forms of individual adaptation by which human organism, people, adapt and reconstruct themselves when faced with the challenges and vicissitudes of life.

798 人物描绘 &　human perception 1. 重要概念类词汇Museum / exhibition / photograph / poetry / exquisitely / frame / convene / entreat / affected manner / oppressive / graphic / pictorial / minimum / visual minimalism / physiological / measurement / engage / capacity / pattern recognition / neuroscience / elucidate / perception / filter / relentless / biotic instrument / inherent / static / random / accentuate / momentary confusion / encounter / cellular level / illustration / representation / organ / model / 2. 观点类用语Conjure up / timid / should / seeming / enable / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Thus / enable / 4. 复杂句(1) There is Flaubert in his long white shirt, his shaved head topped by a red tarboosh, settled into the cool shade of an ancient temple, reading poetry, and oh-so-exquisitely bored. 描绘人物形象(2) Some of the most intense research in the neurosciences today is devoted to elucidating what are described as maps of perception: how perception filters and maps the relentless torrent of information provided by the sense organs, our biotic instruments of measurement. (3) Maps enable humans to use inherent biological skills of perception, their “educated” eyes, to separate the message from the static, to see the story line running through random pattern.

799 文化多元性到底是什么，你明白不？1. 重要概念类词汇Decade / suppress / reveal / narrative / racism / sexism / identities / chemist / combination / mixture / gender / transform / catalyst / feminist / threatening / metaphorical / provisionary / guilty / loyalty / homogeneity / obsession / guarantee / animosity / opposition / harmony / fragile / splinter / landmark / conversational / interrelate / multiple rhythms / simultaneously / isolation / myriad / silence / historian / resistance / diverse / characterize / challenge / social transition / disharmony / nonconformity / multiplicity and inclusion / privacy and mutual respect / self-reliance and individuality / intellectual curiosity / cooperative invention / 2. 观点类用语Know / even / not / dismiss / say / afraid of / but / no matter / may / it is true that /

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however / would / unfortunately / but / maybe / but / only / at once / in fact / confusing / defend / discredit / present a sample / assertion / apology / decision / concession / criticism / resistance / misguided affection / calculated self-interest / genuine empathy / uncommon courage / overt arrogance / fear / confiding / defiant / skeptical / resigned / admonishing / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Still / after / derive from / both / so long as / compare…to… / put in danger… / different / connection / produce / similarity / differing / lead to / 4. 复杂句(1) It is true that much of what black women have experienced derives from racism and much from sexism. (2) Unity and loyalty do not depend on absolute homogeneity.(3) Maybe it’s the American obsession with race that makes it so difficult for us as a nation to get rid of our fear that difference implies, even guarantees, animosity and opposition. But denial of difference is not the road to harmony. It is the road only to a kind of false unity that is so fragile it will splinter at a touch. (4) “History also is everybody talking at once, multiple rhythms being played simultaneously. The events and people we write about did not occur in isolation but in dialogue with a myriad of other people and events. In fact, at any given moment millions of people are all talking at once.” ---Barkley Brown(5) Listening to all those voices at once can be confusing, but silencing any of them puts in danger the very meaning of the historical pursuit. We were sure it was time for the voice of Black women to be heard loud and clear.

P8011. 重要概念类词汇Wrath / unpleasantness / remarkable / pockmark / bleary / titular / councilor / indulge / vestibule / invention / scatter / teasing / jolted / zeal / amazement / civil councilor / buckle / ordinary / alter / perspiration / mop / brow / repercussion / subject / typical civilities / superficial compliments / unreasonable demand / unappreciated small talk / unnecessary explanation / cruelty / supervisor / laziness / antic / promotion / 2. 观点类用语Domineering chillness / anxious / so / cannot be said / however / always / in the midst of all these teasing / would / as though / only / might / possible / inevitable / would be / discomfort / not / even though / if not / could not / confusion / sarcasm / disbelief / fear / compassion / annoyance / disrespect / dissatisfaction / mock sympathy / amusement / in fact / 3. 基本逻辑类用语…took no more notice of him than if a simple fly had flown across the vestibule / a little more important than… / consequence / result from / increased teasing / continually /

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other than / better than / increased responsibility / 4. 复杂句(1) There is nothing in the world more readily moved to wrath than a department, a government office, in fact any sort of official body.

P 809 Napster 下载无罪1. 重要概念类词汇Compose / rhythm / style / artist / gamble / deprived / royalty / occasionally / luxury / retirement / threaten / incentive / swap / talented / automobiles / toaster / architect / executive / consultant / receptionist / lawyer / cognition / parliament / heinous / spawn / commercial album / platinum / ubiquity / revenue / unalterably / apocalypse / piracy / booming / distribution / physical economy / undeniable / scarcity / inverse / familiarity / fame / fortune / absence / intellectual property / entertaining / scarcity / adolescent / royalty / cause / render / nonspecialist / monetary gain / artistic integrity / musical innovation / contemporary / Artistic freedom / Musical elitism / Increased renown / Financial injury / Technical knowledge / 2. 观点类用语But / no matter how / always / nothing / unless / should / must / would / fear for / in fact / may be / if anyone / nope / rather than / all / even though / despite / finally / simply / take further comfort / even though… , … / shortsighted / cynical / discoursing / patronizing / mock / skepticism / solemn detachment / cheerful celebration / ironic understatement / lingering doubt / reluctant approval / ebullient / somber / quizzical / satirical / irate / bolster / 3. 基本逻辑类用语First / whatever / unless / since / if / more…than… / contrary to / 4. 复杂句(1) But how free can artists be to do what we love of we must spent the rest of days doing something else to make a living? (2) I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s forst modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.(3) The Grateful Dead, for whom I once wrote songs, learned by accident that if we let fans tape concerts and freely reproduce those tapes—“stealing” our intellectual “property” just like those heinous Napsterians—the tapes would become a marketing virus that would spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium in America.

P 851 当名人不容易，当名人的子女也不容易~1. 重要概念类词汇Snowstorm / schedule / presentation / deliver / centennial / academic / uninspiring / pedagogy / bibliographic information / literary citation / historical analyses / personal insight / scholarly critiques / crawl /

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2. 观点类用语Annoyance / eagerness / excitement / wouldn’t3. 基本逻辑类用语But4. 复杂句(1) Other scholars can talk about Salome’s poetry and her pedagogy, but she, Camila, the only daughter, is supposed to shed new light on the woman.

变种青蛙1. 重要概念类词汇Deformity / isolated occurrence / widespread / malformation / amphibian / investigator / exposure / ultraviolet radiation / chemical contamination / parasite epidemic / 2. 观点类用语Respectful / indifferent / ambivalent / resentful / critical /3. 基本逻辑类用语Blame…on… / compare / 4. 复杂句（1） Investigators have blamed the deformities on amphibian’s increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the chemical contamination of water, even a parasite epidemic.（2）All of these factors have been working in tandem.

科学家要学会抽象P852 1. 重要概念类词汇Consultant / efficiency / mellow / diversity / scenery / metaphorically / guideline / exploit / allegory / subconsciously / elude / intellect / motion / trait / waft / windshield / medium / onslaught / criticism / divert / cable / philosopher / grazing / allotment / mathematical training / humane treatment / accommodate / aesthetics / individualized attention / misleading assumption / dedication / practical problem / systematic fashion / conscientious / abstract model / empirical observation / self-explanatory / ethical development / human infants / predicament / dramatizing an event / arguing a point / introducing a topic / defining key terms at the outset / exposing misleading assumptions immediately / abundant data / rival scientist / take credit for / religious ramification / elaborate experimental procedure / pragmatic approach / theoretic dilemma / 2. 观点类用语Propose / should be / assume / exactly / but / probably / most important / impossible / haphazardly / serendipitously / most obvious / cogently / at least as far as…is concerned / claim / ignore / only / always / not / never / must be / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Decreased / increased / more…than… / irrelevant / equal / surpass / same / similarities /

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difference / attributable / cause / differently than do / relevant / raise / more than / more prone to error / 4. 复杂句(1) This old joke, if not very funny, does illustrate how, as least metaphorically, physicists picture the world. (2) I like the cow joke because it provides an allegory for thinking simply about the world, and it allows me to jump right into an idea that doesn’t get written about too much, but that is essential for the everyday workings of science: Before doing anything else, abstract out all irrelevant details.(3) Moreover, he anticipated he onslaught of criticism from those who were not prepared his abstraction by defining the very essence of irrelevant: “I trust you will not follow the example if many others who divert the discussion from its lacks a hairbreadth of the truth and under this hair, hide the fault of another which is as big as ship’s cable.”

P 862 孩子的教育是个长期的过程1. 重要概念类Protective mechanism / millennia / parental and family support / nourishment / nurture / revelation / attentive adult / predictable environments / literature / neuroscience / in response to / sensory / amputated limb / simplistic view / delimited / particular changes / personal anecdote / scientific explanation / inflexible / bounce back / traditional practice and contemporary critiques / basic human needs and intellectual endeavors / widespread beliefs and scientific findings / parental anxieties and developmental advance / experimental hypotheses and proven theories 2. 观点类用语Particularly / suggest / yet / mock / espouse 支持 / cast doubt upon / acknowledge / indignation / skepticism / humor / ambivalence / approval /3. 基本逻辑类用语For example / increasingly / as readily as / have recently changed / prior to / 4. 复杂句(1) On other period of human life is as suite d to learning as are a child’s first three years.

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(2) Babies raised by caring, attentive adults in safe, predictable environments are better learners than those raised with less attention in less secure settings.(3) It may be useful to question the simplistic view that the brain becomes unbendable and increasingly difficult to modify beyond the first few years of life. If so, we should also be wary of claims that parents have only a single, biologically delimited, once-in-lifetime opportunity to help their children build better brains.

P865 搞创作要会 touch the audience’s hearts 1. 重要概念类Self-conscious / middle-class audience / celebrated male / slave narratives / triumph / manliness / individualism / sufferings and inequities / inequalities / enslavement / sympathy / suppress / oppression / manifestation / discourse / womanhood / domesticity / conventions / sensibilities / portrayal / yearning for / virtue / motherhood / articulation / comprehensive history / injustice of slavery / wrongdoing / elaboration / evocation / subjective plea / personal liberties / immoral / self-determination / 2. 观点类用语Explicitly / contravene / claim / would be / not / even / but / modestly and deferentially / if at all 倘若 / at least in part / denounce / in favor of / partial rejection / pragmatic / disingenuous / scholarly / presumptuous / melodramatic / disappointed and critical / analytical and appreciative / regretful and angry / ironic and jocular / hopeful and moralistic / violate / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Different / too / as…as… / more / 4. 复杂句(1) Harriet Jacobs did not differentiate herself from the most celebrated male authors of slave narratives. (2) In so doing, he explicitly called upon his northern readers to recognize that the sufferings and inequities to which he had been subjected by the very condition of enslavement directly contravened their deepest principles of individualism. (3) A poignant account of the violation of a woman’s virtue stood a much better chance of appealing to northern sensibilities than a pronouncement for woman’s individual rights, if only because such an account reaffirmed woman’s essentially domestic nature.(4) To teach their hearts, she had to address them in their own idiom, tell her story in a way with which they could identify. (5) Slavery, in this portrayal, constitute a crime against woman’s essential nature—her yearning for virtue, domesticity, and motherhood/ (6) Jacobs followed Douglass in accepting the norms of society as absolutes—the articulations of innate human nature—which were directly contradicted by slavery.

P865 不对称下的幽默—demeanor & expression of countenance1. 重要概念类

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Beseem / quell / expression of countenance 动作类(demeanor)：smite / tremble / stagger / prostrate / proceed / knee / strut / wriggle / briskness / gait / rotatory

populace / dignity / beseeching / pretence / mercy / a knot of spectators / culminate / remembrance / flight (逃跑) / circular logic / a progression from a state of isolation to a state of community and fellowship / procession（列队） / possesses & possession / stroll / recognition / antic / acquaintance / entice(persuade) / mechanic explaining / exhortation(urgent warning) / controversial hypothesis / recount / retrospect / invocation

2. 观点类用语表情类 ： dissatisfied / unlimited miscreant / serene and unconscious contemplation / frightened / feigned / paroxysm of terror and contrition / humiliation / inexpressible terror, amazement, and indignation / afflicted / hail / delight / exclaim / aggravation / injury / extravagantly / disgrace / smirk / crow（幸灾乐祸） / ignominious / apathetic and helpless / distanced and smug( 自 以 为 是 ) / bored and unimportant / confused and disoriented / nostalgic and proud / guilty conscience / friendly greeting / feigned indifference / premonition of disaster / amused / mock / sympathy / ridicule3. 基本逻辑类用语--这篇文章毫无逻辑可言4. 复杂句(1) The disgrace attendant on his immediately afterwards taking to crowing and pursuing me across the bridge with crows, as from an exceedingly dejected fowl who had known me when I was a blacksmith, culminated the disgrace with which I left the town, and was, so to speak, ejected by it into the open country.

1. 重要概念类Enthusiasm / historical monuments / devotee / interpretation / academic historians / unorthodoxy / castle / appeal / “gadget”(metaphor) / promoters / advertise / democratic / aristocratic / jungle / canvas / marble / connoisseur / scholar / citizen / community / symbol / literacy / literariness / restored community / colonial life / chore(烦/杂事) / replacement / phenomenon / reinvention / themes entertainment / enterprise / restoration / studious( 好学 的、热心 的 ) / scholarly imprimatur( 出版许可 , 赞许 ) / shortsightedness / preservation / romanticized history / cosmetic surgery / amputation / conceit / arbitrary determination / subsequent architectural history / renovate / irretrievable revelation / serendipitous / urban settlement / prototype / collective past / historical reconstruction / expert knowledge / cultural(historical) significance / aesthetic standards / fragile priceless / luxury / reenactment / geography / historical artifacts / comic relief / ingenuity / deliberateness / nostalgic depiction / sanitized version of history / historical restoration / replica / cultural trend / architectural integrity / escapist / lucrative / lucrative & unprofitable / stagnant(停滞的、萧条的 ) & dynamic / diverse & homogeneous / upgrade / showcase / authentic context / affordable

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2. 观点类用语Whim(一 时兴起 /异想天开 ) / only / brilliant / meanwhile / disturb / notorious / dismiss / condescendingly / harmless / amusing / patriotic / unspecialized / not / intelligible / omnipresent / starling / impossible / not / refusal / ought to / perfectly / be seen as / could / confuse / conceive / universally / admired / emulated / at best / should be / would like / usually / exactly / stunning / innocent hubris / against / approximately / admirable & lamentable / uniqueness / fully appreciated / compromise / negligent / ominous / no longer possible / only / overstate / assume / endorse / fail to / 3. 基本逻辑类用语Continue to be / like / because / more than / preventing damage to antiques / restricting architects from re-creating / keeping people away from things / tendency 4. 复杂句(1) Some treat is as simply another example—like WRH’s notorious imported castles—of a wealthy man indulging his whim. (2) It is a symbol of a culture in which fine arts have become much less important than in other cultures.(3) The forbidding ribbon across the antique chair, the “Do Not Touch” sign—these omnipresent features of the European museum have nothing to do with the American restored community.(4) Williamsburg—like the American spelling bee and educational television shows—symbolizes the American refusal to believe that education need be a chore.(5) The definition of “place” as a chosen image probably started in a serious way in late 1920’s at the CW, predating and paving the way for the new world order of WDE.(6) This usually means moving or destroying a good deal of subsequent architectural history—exactly the stuff of which real history and art are made.(7) In an act of stunning illogic and innocent hubris, a consortium of preservation architects and historical soothsayers plays God.(8) And so much for the messy, instructive, invaluable, and irretrievable revelations that are part of the serendipitous record of urban settlements.

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