down.ewteacher.comdown.ewteacher.com/upload/2013-02/201302201448408… · Web view2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练01：阅读理解解题步骤小试牛刀----------阅读理解

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 01：阅读理解解题步骤小试牛刀----------阅读理解

A

You either have it, or you don’t－a sense of direction. But why is it that some people could find their way

across the Sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street?

Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of d irection, but it is not properly understood how it works. One

theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at dev eloping it. Research being

carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use it, we lose it.

“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, research director of

the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the

skills.”

Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be ta ught certain skill s to improve their sense of

direction. He makes the following suggestions:[来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:学+科+网 Z+X+X+K]

If you are using a map, turn it so that it relates to the way you are facing.

If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone or a tree　－something

easy to recognize. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go

back along the same route.

Simplify the way for finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or wells in

the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any l

andmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.

Now you will never get lost again!

56. Scientists beli eve that ______.[来源:学科网]

A. some babies are born with a sense of direction

B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older

C. people never lose their sense of direction

D. everybody has a sense of direction from birth

57. What is true of 7-year-old children according to the passage?

A. They never have a sense of direction without maps.

B. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction.

C. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around.

D. They can develop a good sen se of direction if they are driven around in a car.

58. If you leave your bike in a strange place, you should ______.

A. tie it to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolen

B. draw a map of the route to help remember where it is

C. avoid taking the same route when you come back to it

D. remember something easily recognizable on the route

59. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to ______. [来源:学*科*网 Z*X*X*K]

A. ask policemen or other people around for directions

B. use wells, streams, and streets to guide yourself

C. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs

D. count the number of landmarks that you see

阅读理解答案：56-59 DCDB

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　阅读理解是高考英语中分值比重最大的题型，历来是考生们英语复习的重心所在，英语网小编针对不同阅读理解题型汇编成解题方法及训练题供大家学习参考。[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

　　在高考阅读的解题中，到底应该先看题目还是先看文章。可以说，这是高考阅读教学中的经典问题之一。通常情况下，我的回答是“习惯是人生伟大的指南”。因为不管是什么样的解题顺序，首先你要养成一个正确的阅读习惯，在好的习惯的指引下，任何题型的文章你都可以融会贯通，点面俱到。　　通过长时间的高考阅读的研究和整理，我大体将目前学生的阅读流程分为三类：　　第一类：读文章——做题目——回头再读文章　　此为传统方法，命中率高，但速度稍慢。优点是能够迅速理解全文的主题脉络，连贯地进行信息的排查，缺点是由于人的记忆力有限，很多细节在做题时已经忘却，有不确定的地方仍需回到原文细细查找，

寻找依据，耗时费力。这种方法的使用，需要较好的英文基础外加优秀的强记能力，一般使用于高分段的学生。　　不过，这种阅读流程的效果不单纯作用于考试，还可以切实提高英文阅读水平，对同学们大学以后的学习大有帮助。所以这种阅读顺序，我推荐给高一高二的学生在平时的阅读解题中大可以培养这种习惯，一方面确保准确率，第二稳步提升自己的英文阅读实力，但对于高三的同学，这种方法有些欠妥。由于复习时间的紧张，我们最好摒弃掉此类阅读习惯。　　第二类：读题目（题干+选项）—— 读文章 —— 做题目　　其实此类方法分两种，一种是只看题不看选项，即大致看看问题，然后带着问题再看文章；另一种是将题干和所有选择项看完，再看文章。第一种的优点是节约时间，缺点是由于不看选项，对于细节缺乏必要的把握，同样要返回文章找寻关键点，而且定位的时候没有精确的坐标；第二个就相对而言科学很多，优点是明了要重点注意的目标信息，有很好阅读的针对性，缺点是相对读文章的时间少了，难免断章取义缺少宏观的把握，容易陷入干扰选项设置的陷阱之中。　　对于高三的同学们，我还是建议多使用这种方法，方法虽有利弊，但对于时间紧张的你们，往往事半功倍。　　第三类：读主题——读题目—— 读全文——做题目　　个人认为这种方法较以上两种更为全面和严谨，而我在新东方的课堂的上也是建议给每位同学们练习这种方法，养成很好的阅读习惯。　　这种方法即先看懂各段首尾句或短文的第一段，大致明了文章的主题。此后细细地阅读题干推敲选项的大致设置，思考作者的行文规律和命题者的出题陷阱，然后带着已经在首尾句获得的信息和在题目中假设的思路回头进行有目的性的查找工作，准确率高且耗时相对较少。而我们现在的高考阅读文章均取自国内外的英文刊物，少有命题组自行行文的类型，此类文章逻辑严谨，结构清晰，所以气定神闲地先读完各段的首句再耐心的推敲考题选项的设置，往往会直接将四个选支排除掉一个或两个，这无疑对我们的解题帮助极大，减少了我们判断的压力轻松地将文章读完。

高考阅读虽错综复杂，但是只要你养成很好的阅读习惯，加上一些必要的解题技巧是一定能征服它的。

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2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 01：阅读理解命题特点及解题思路

小试牛刀---------阅读理解

BYoung men often give flowers to young women when they are in love. This tradition may have come from

Turkey.

In the 1700s in Turkey, it was quite popular for people in love to send each other baskets full of strange things.

The baskets were delivered secretly to the person who was receiving it. Usually, an old woman who sold flowers

or fruit on the street left the basket beside the person’s door.

These baskets included a variety of “gifts”: flowers, stones, feathers, wax, and e ven charcoal. Each thing in the

basket had a special meaning. By figuring out the secret message contained in each item, the pe rson who received

the basket began to understand little by little the true feeling of the person who sent it.

This idea of sending gifts of love with secret meanings quickly spread to Germany, France, and England.

However, as time passed, only flowers remained popular.

An innocent bunch of flowers told young ladies about the feeling in the hearts of young men. Each different

flower held a different meaning. For example, the flowers from an orange tree meant, “You are beautiful and

pure.” Pink carnations meant, “My love for you is strong and great.” Yellow roses, on the other hand, meant, “I

saw you with someone else.”

Many flower dictionaries were made to help young people in love understand the meaning of the flowers they

received. Not all of the dictionaries agreed, however, on the meaning of each flo wer, so a person had to be careful

about the flowers they chose to send.

By the 1880s, using flowers to send messages had fallen out of fashion, and the more direct way of sending love

letters began. Today, flowers are still considered a lovely gift, but the meaning for each kind of flower has been

lost.

60. What did the items in the basket explain to the receiver?

A. The receiver’s appearance. B. The sender’s emotions.

C. The feeling of the receiver. D. The love between them.

61. If a French young man of the 1850s wanted to send his beloved girl a gift, he would probably choose .

A. flowers and feathers B. yellow roses

C. pink carnations D. nothing except a love letter

62. T he text suggests that .

A. Turks still keep their tradition of sending baskets

B. flower dictionaries were made to help young ladies

C. people still use flowers to send secret messages

D. people don’t use flower dictionaries any longer

63. What is likely to be the title of this text?

A. Say it with Flowers B. Flowers and Secrets

C. Strange Tradition D. Love for Flowers[来源:学科网]

60-63 BCDA

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高考英语阅读理解的命题特点及解题思路：阅读理解是高考中占比重最大的题型，旨在考查学生语篇理解的能力。本文拟就此略作探讨。　　阅读理解是高考中占比重最大的题型，旨在考查学生语篇理解的能力。要想让学生取得好成绩，作为教师，除了要认真研究考试说明外，还要正确地指导学生研究、分析阅读理解题的命题特点，从而理顺解题思路，使学生在考试中发挥出高水平。本文拟就此略作探讨。　　一、阅读理解考查的能力　　1．理解事实、辨认细节的能力。　　2．理解主旨大意、综合事实的能力。[来源:Zxxk.Com]

　　3．理解字面意思、表层含义以及深层含义的能力。　　4．猜测词义的能力。　　因此，我们要让学生学会判断题目所属的类型以及它们常见的形式，掌握每种类型的解题方法，理顺思路，这样才能有利于他们在训练中及时反馈，提高解题的针对性，真正提高解题的能力。　　二、阅读理解题的构成　　高考的阅读理解题一般由三部分构成：原文、题目和选项(一个正确项与三个非正确项)。阅读理解试题是通过一定的文章内容，针对高考对考生能力测试的要求设计题干和选项的，因此，考生只有弄清楚以上几者之间的相互关系才能真正解决问题。考生要通过题干的桥梁作用，从选项中找出与原文意义完全相符的一项。尤其是细节题，命题者比较喜欢采用同义、近义复述或重复的方法来设计阅读理解题的正确

答案，即选项与原文的意思相同，只不过表达不一样罢了。可见，阅读理解的语言解码关键在于解读试卷中不同的语言表达。而像推理题等考查深层含义的试题主要考查考生的思维模式是否与作者写作时的思维相吻合。实际上，作者是按照一定的思维模式去写作的，而命题者则根据作者的写作语言特点和高考测试能力的要求来设置试题的题干和选项考生要以原文语言为依据，尽可能利用文章中的有用信息，使自己的思路与作者写作时的思路相吻合。　　因此，要想做好阅读理解题，必须让学生学会合理地处理好题干、选项与原文的关系。若题于是细节题，不妨采取以下步骤：(1)确定题目关键词，也就是明确出题点。(2)查找文章对应处，寻找题目关键词的对应词(一般是同义词或近义词)，因为对应词周围就是前后测试点，找到对应词也就找到了解题的依据。(3)回到题目，逐一核对选项，挑出与出题点内容一致的选项，即答案。对于深层理解题，由于不能直接从文章中获得答案，因此第(2)个步骤应该改为跳读文章，从文章诸多的信息中梳理出最有用的信息。如果考生的思路与文章作者相一致，就很容易把握文章的主旨大意、结构脉络，作者的语气态度，人物的性格特征等等，顺利解题也就水到渠成了。　　三、正确选项与干扰选项之间的关系分析[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

　　许多基础不错的学生在做阅读理解题时都有这样的感觉：文章并不难读得懂，也能找到解题的依据，但正确率并不高。究其原因，是因为有些阅读理解题，特别是高考阅读试题干扰项的编制水平非常高，命题者深知干扰项只有涉及语篇内容才能发现。干扰项往往与原文某几个词或语句形式、结构上很相似；有些干扰项似乎合情合理，从意义上一时难以区分，在视觉和思维的双重干扰下，由于考生对阅读理解的命题规律一无所知，往往会落人命题者设置的“陷阱”。因此，教师要指导学生分析、研究阅读理解题的选项，把握其命题和解题规律，理顺解题思路，这样才能提高解题的正确率。可以说，逐一核对选项、排除干扰项的过程是不可缺少的，常用的方法如下：　　1．正与误　　看干扰项与文章的内容是否矛盾，有明显矛盾的可轻松排除，这时正确选项与干扰项之间为正与误的关系。还要特别注意以下几种常见的干扰项设置形式：f1)干扰项是以假乱真、无中生有类的错误。此类干扰项出现频率较高，也较易排除。命题者常用文章中出现的一些词或某个句子结构来伪造信息。　　(2)干扰项是张冠李戴、偷换概念的错误，即把文章里A的情况说成是 B的情况。有时，命题者把文章中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或问的是文章中他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。　　(3)干扰项是扩大或缩小范围的错误。也就是说，在选项里增加或减少其修饰成分，使得选项的意义过分扩大或缩小，从而产生偏差。　　2．虚与实[来源:Zxxk.Com]

　　假如干扰项与文章的内容不矛盾，看上去似乎有一定的道理。这时干扰项与正确答案为虚与实的关系，就要看干扰项在原文中有无相关的信息支持点，有没有文字依据。有些看起来似乎合情合理但脱离原文的干扰项，充其量只是“似是而非”。　　3．偏与正

　　如干扰项与文章的内容相符，而且在文章中可找到依据，这时干扰项之所以不成立是因为客观存在在某种程度上偏离了题目的要求，它与最佳答案之间成了偏与正的关系。这种“以偏概全”类的错误在概括题与推理题中出现得特别多，难度也最大。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，由事物局部得出关于事物整体的结论，即通常所说的“以点代面”。常见的有：主与次的混淆以及绝对与相对的混淆等，其具体表现经常是合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位，即考生的思维未能与作者的思维相一致，造成理解偏差。排除干扰项是解题中颇为关键的环节。我们可以遵循这样的三级思考过程：　　(1)如干扰项明显与文章相矛盾的，可直接排除，这时只要我们认真、细致地把选项与原文对号入座，“以假乱真”类的错误就逃不出我们的法眼。　　(2)如干扰项与文章的内容不矛盾，但在原文中没有依据的，这种脱离原文的“虚”的选项也可排除。　　(3)如干扰项似乎很有道理，文中也可以找到相关的文字依据，但发现它未能完全满足题目的要求，未能以文章的主题、作者的思维模式作为出发点，未能充分体现它的严谨性和最大的合理性，这种即使不错、但不是最佳答案的“偏”的选项也可以排除。只要我们对选项经过“是否矛盾?”(误否?)“是否有依据?”(虚否?)“是否以偏概全?”(偏否?)的逐级思考过程来分析甄别每一个选项，那么解题的正确率就会得到很大提高。正确利用“排除法”，排除了其中三项而剩下的一项无疑就是正确答案。

总之，要想在高考阅读理解这个题型上取得好成绩，考生除了要花大力气提高自己的语言基本功，如熟识考纲中的词汇、词组及习语搭配，掌握必要的语法知识之外，还要多阅读、多做题，尽可能扩充自己的生活经验和文化背景知识。更重要的是，作为老师，应指导学生认真分析高考阅读理解的命题特点，让他们掌握一定的命题规律和解题思路，并由此养成良好的阅读、解题习惯。只有当学生具备了一定的批判性思考及分析的能力，他们的阅读和解题能力才能得到真正的提高，才能在高考阅读理解测试中立于不败之地。

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2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 01：旨大意题解题指导（答案）小试牛刀 ------------------阅读理解

Mother Knows Best?

Once while being prepared for a television interview, I was chatting with the host about stay-at-home fathers. I

made the point that one reason we’re seeing more stay-at-home dads may be that it’s no longer a given (a known

fact) that a man makes more money than his wife. Many families now take earning power into account when

deciding which parent will stay home.

At that point, one of the male crew members commented, almost to himself but loud enough for my benefits, “It

should be the better parent who stays at home”. A lot of guys say things like that.

I was a stay-at-home father for eight years, so what he said made me excited. It implied that our family’s choice

could only have been correct if I was a “better” parent than my wife.

I think men shoot themselves in the foot with this kind of thinking. I suppose an argument could have been

made that when I began staying home my wife was the “better” parent: she had spent more time with our son,

could read him better and calm him more quickly. And given a choice, he’d have picked her over me. But as she w

as the more employable one, my wife went out to work and I looked after our son.

Know what? I caught up. Because of the increased time I spent with him, I soon knew him well, understood

what he needed and could look after him more or less as my wife could. Actually, the experience helped me

unlock one of the world’s great secrets: Women are good at looking after the children because they do it. It’s not

because of any born female gift or a mother’s instinct－which I think is mostly learned anyway. It’s because they

put in the time and attention required to become good at the job.

Women obviously get a biological head start from giving birth and nursing, but over the long term experience is

more important. When I got the experience myself, I was good, too. As good? I don’t know. Who cares? Children

are not made of glass. Other people are capable of l ooking after them besides Mom.

64.Which of the following does the first paragraph imply?

A. Men are no longer given the chance to stay at home as they used to.

B. In some families the wives are earning more than their husbands.

C. The author is telling the readers that he works in the TV station.

D. There are more stay-at- home fathers than stay-at-home mothers.

65. The author decided to stay at home eight years ago because ______.

A. it was easier for his wife to find a job

B. he thought he was the better father [来源:学.科.网 Z.X.X.K]

C. their son liked him a little bit better

D. he was earning more than his wife did[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

66. Women are better than men at taking care of children because ______.

A. they were born with the ability

B. they love children and enjoy it

C. they spend more time doing it

D. they have learned it at school

67. Which of the following is the author’s conclusion drawn at the end?

A. He is better than his wife at taking care of children.

B. He is as good as his wife at taking care of children. [来源:学+科+网 Z+X+X+K]

C. Either fathers or mothers can take care of children.

D. Both fathers and mothers cannot take care of children.[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

64-67 BACC

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a little

bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax(蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little

bird cannot reach this max, which is deep inside the bee’s nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person ad it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. [来源:学科网]

Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.59. What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild BeesB. Wax and HoneyC. Beekeeping in Africa

D. Honey-Lover's Helper[点拨] D 短文谈的是可以帮助寻蜜者寻找蜂蜜的鸟类，最佳标题应该是D选项。因此，正确答案为D选项。例 2 （2012全国 II）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.

Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.

If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.[点拨] B 主旨大意题。有第一段最后一句话 There are things you can do to keep y our animal warm and safe.及二、三段可知选 B。[小试牛刀]

I. 段落练习Exercise 1　 Some people like to go to beach or a lake for recreation. They enjoy the swimming or boating that is available there. Other people, especially in the hot summer, prefer clean air and cool mountain breezes. Some people like excitement and entertainment. They got to shows and nightclubs. Still other people find that staying home with the family and enjoying the togetherness of spending time with loved ones is the most pleasurable experience of all.Question :

Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?　　A. People enjoy different kinds of recreation.　　B. Some people like staying at home with their families.　　C. Some people love swimming and boating.　　D. Some people are richer than others.

W

hen the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility

situations, however, the eye and other orientation senses, such as our sense of

Question: This passage mainly tells us_________.

　　A. how Americans show respect to others

　　B. how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintances

　　C. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respect

　　D. Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior

Exercise 5A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of

themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest on Tuesday evening. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. “Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!” said a teacher fr om Guangdong province.

Named after China’s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission(国家教委 ) as the country’s biggest and best contest of its kind.Question: This news story is mainly about ______. A. when the contest started B. how the contest got its name C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics ContestII. 篇章练习Exercise

In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?” H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”, a tunnel connecting England and France, is now complete. But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground system, called “Alice Cities.” The designer s imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells’ “moon people” would agree. Would you?What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice Cities—cities of the future B. Space travel with H.G. WellsC. Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up

1. 寻找主题句，确定文章主题在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。在选择标题时，要注意三点：第一：要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；第二：再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；第三：要注意题目是过大还是过小。

[答案速递]

I. 1. A 。短文中没有主题句，通过仔细阅读全文，从例证关系来分析，本文的主题思想应归纳为：People enjoy different kinds of recreation. 因此，A为正确答案。2. A 。上面这段话的主题句位于本段的中间：The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost American autoworkers their jobs as some experts expected. 据此，此题的正确答案应为A.。3. C。　四项选择中A项和D项内容太具体，不能概括段落的主旨思想。B项内容又太笼统，超出了作者的原意。只有 C项才准确地概括出段落的主旨思想。4. D 。这一篇短文前几句只讲述了具体情况，均不具备主题句的特征，只有最后一句话是概括性的、总结性的，因此本段的最后一句是主题句，故正确答案是D。5. D这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话：“20个学生(2女 18男)有充分的理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是 4百万参赛学生中的佼佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意；D选项与主题句的意思完全一致，因此是正确答案。II. D。文章以月球人的问题Why are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space? 引起话题，接着讲叙了人类目前对地下空间的利用现状，结尾以地下空间开发的支持者的话点题 building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space。A选项只是本文话题的部分意思，不是主要话题；B选项与文章的意思无关；文章主要是讲地下空间的开发利用，而不是讲如何享受地下生活，因此 C选项与文章的主题也无关；D选项符合文章的主要内容，与主题句的意思一致，因此，是该题的正确答案。[单词百宝箱]

brew n. 调制,酿造He brewed cups of thick Turkish coffee.他调制了几杯很浓的土耳其咖啡。ingredients n. (混合物的)组成部分; 配料; 构成要素,因素Flour and fat are the most important ingredients.面粉和油脂是最重要的配料。breeze n. 微风,轻风It was steaming hot; there was no breeze at all.天气闷热,一点风也没有。insatiable adj. 不知足的, 贪求无厌的The young man has an insatiable hunger for knowledge.这个年轻人有着一副永不满足的求知欲。orientation n. 方向,目标 The winding trail caused the hikers to lose their orientation.蜿蜒的小径使徒步旅行者迷失了方向。insult v. vt. 侮辱,辱骂You will insult her if you don't go to her party.你要是不去参加她举办的聚会,就对她太无礼了。acquaintance n. . 熟人We talked as if we were old acquaintances.我们就好像是老相识般谈话。rung n.地位, 横档Hard work and long hours are rungs in the ladder of success. 刻苦努力和孜孜不倦是成功的阶梯。wilderness n. n. 荒野, 茫茫一片, 大量, 荒地The surrounding country is a wilderness of sand. 周围是茫茫一片砂石地。 [时文阅读]

Tradit

ional forms of work also changed. Some people were better at performing a particular task than other clan

members, so then began to specialize in things they were good at doing. This also meant that they began to

exchange their good s for things that others produced.

People began to communicate with distant tribes. Land was cleared for roads. Foreign plants and animals were transported to places where they had not existed before. Specialization also give people more free time. So art ,dance and music became important ways of expressing feelings and thoughts. This was how many great civilizations started.

Compared to the past, modern civilization has experienced many changes to become the highly developed society that exists today. Populations have increased rapidly. Forests have been cleared for farms. Inventions and technology have made work easier.

Howev er, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. As concerned citizens, it is up to us to learn from past mistakes and to help maintain and improve our environment.1 Early tribes didn’t have much effect on animal population b ecause_____A .they kept animals for themselves B they ate only vegetablesC they loved animals D they killed only enough for food2 The main purpose for small clans to join together was_____A to hurt animals B to seek safety C to share caves D to protect environment3 According to the passage ,we can learn that_____A early people moved to new places looking for new sources of foodB modern civilization began when people started to live together in big groupsC modern adv ancements are always good for the environmentD people began to exchange goods because they didn’t have enough money 4 It can be concluded from the passage that_____A human progress has brought civilization to the society

B civilization has improved traditional forms of workC early people understood environmental protectionD our environment has been affected by human progress

***************************************************结束

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 02：作者意图题指导（答案）小试牛刀-------阅读理解

There seems n ever to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown.

They probably came about just to give children something to do.

　 In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In

societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and

girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much

they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and

technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their

persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic(北极的) people,

generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Vari ations depended on local customs and way of life because toys

imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and

vehicles.

　Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps

that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line

of ways up. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓 ) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today,

however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and

subject to the limitations of available materials.

68. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is t hat________.

A. their social roles are rigidly determined

B. they like challenging activities

C. most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions

D. boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers

69. One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that________.

A. the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world

B. technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

C. the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D. the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

70. Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys ?

A. Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.

B. The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

C. The craftsmanship in toy - maki ng has remained essentially unchanged.

D. Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.

71. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys________.

A. reflect the pace of social progress

B. are not characterized by technological progress

C. follow a direct line of ascent

D. also appeal greatly to adults

72. The author uses the example of a rattle to show that________.

A. it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - making

B. even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

C. even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

D. in toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials

68-72 AADBC

*************************************************************结束

例 1

（2012·全国 II）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are

just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.

Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water. [来源:学_

科_网]

If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.44. What is the purpose of this text? [来源:Z§xx§k.Com]

A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.[点拨] B 作者意图题。有第一段最后一句话 There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.及二、三段可知选 B。例 2 （2012·四川）

On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.[

Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.

There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.

Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As

they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫叶) makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.

The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.

The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars' (杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smell fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and ( lies over the lake.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that_____.A. the kids like playing in treesB. the kids are very familiar with treesC. the kids have learned much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful learning tools[点拨] C 作者目的意图。根据第四段的第二句：As they tell all who show even a passing interest,可以推断出，作者提到这么多树木的名字，说明了孩子们学到了很多。故答案 C符合文意。

The

passage is written to__________A. talk about parents' influence on their children' s behaviorB. encourage parents to set a good example to their childrenC. advise parents to make reading a part of their children' s daily lifeD. make parents believe in the importance of early reading

Exercise 2A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge

and runs against your wishes. All computer viruses are manmade. Here are some virus prevention tips.Question :

Mr Pickwick and paintings beauty of 18th century are used as examples to show that______.A. fatness was considered something good at one timeB. a fat man is a cheerful characterC. beauty should be overweightD. fatness leads to an increased risk of diseasesExercise 4

Wilson's doctors suggested he take the drug Sutent, but the NHS（英国国名健身保险制度） refused to fund the ￡3,500-a-month bill. Only last month, Wilson wrote in the Daily Mirror, "I love the NHS. I love the nurses, assistants and doctors who looked after me with such care and devotion. I've been paying NHS contributions since my first job at 17. They'll give me a facelift but will not p ay for the drug which will treat my cancer”. Question :

By telling his own experience about the NHS , Wilson showed thatA. he loved the NHS[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

B. the NHS should pay for the drag, Sutent, which would treat himC. people should pay larger contributions to the NHS',D. he had made no contributions to the NHS

II. 篇章练习Exercise 1

Sometimes known as "The Big Apple" or "The City That Never Sleeps", New York is both the most populous city in the USA and a leading center of business, commerce, finance and media. The city is often referred to as "New York City", in order to distinguish it from the state it is in. The city is part of a large metropolitan (大都市的) area, and the combined city population is beyond 18.7 million. New York City is made up of five boroughs (行政区 ) and another nickname of the city is "The Five Boroughs". The five boroughs are: The Bronx. Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. There are many famous buildings and sights in New York. especially in Manhattan. These include the Empire State Building, the Flatiron Building and the United Nations Building. When you visit New York, make sure you see Central Park. Times Square, Chinatown. Little Italy and of course the Statue of Liberty. Additionally, there are

many wonderful museums in New York. some truly excellent shops, some of the world's best theaters in the Broadway area. and the neighborhoods of Greenwich Village and SoHo which are well-known for the artists who reside there. Getting around New York City is simple --- the city' s subway network is one of the most comprehensive in the world, connecting all parts of Manhattan in rapid time. However, the best way to see New York is undoubtedly on foot. Central Park is an ideal place to start a walking tour of New York City --- 843 acres of shining ponds and lush greenery attract locals and tourists. And apart from offering breathtaking scenery, it is a centre for recreation. Visitors can listen to music groups, watch performers, walk along the trails and even take a romantic ride in a horse carriage.Question:

What is the purpose of this passage? A. To explain why New York is called "The Big Apple".

B. To tell people how to visit New York. C. To tell people the history and scenery of New York. D. To introduce the city -- New York briefly. [来源:学科网 ZXXK]

voi

ce, I had never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I fell asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still whispering to me. He explained that if he had stopping talking I would have woken up. At that moment, I found love in his eyes.

Another time, I had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was very angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend for her forgiveness.

My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understands me like my mother and helps me like my elder brother.Question:

The writer tells the reader two stories to show thatA Andy is a romantic guy.B Andy has his own way to express love.

C Andy is an insensitive guy.D. Andy is a foolish guy.[帮你归纳 (一) 这种题型常见的提问形式有：The writer writes this passage in order to _____.The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____. （二)阅读推断题思路及技巧：作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。

[答案速递]

I. 1. C。作者意图题。根据文章末句可知文章的目的是告诉家长要培养孩子成为好的读者，应该把读书的行为贯穿在日常生活中，使之成为孩子们每天例行要做的事情。2. D。本题是考查作者意图题目，通过分析这篇文章是总分结构，通过 Here are some virus prevention tips可以得知答案为D。3. A。由第二段 “The cheerful Mr Pickwick”“ paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies ” ┅ 可知， Mr Pickwick 和 paintings beauty 都是当时人们崇尚的东西。4. B 。根据本段中I’ve been paying NHS contributions since my first job at 17. They’ll give me a facelift but will not pay for the drug which will treat from my cancer.可知Wilson希望NHS为药物付款。II. 1. D。作者意图题目。通过文章的层次结构，我们知道第一段介绍了纽约的概况，下面分

It's just a

routine medical examination; nothing to get worried about.这只是例行的体格检查,没有什么可担心的。plump adj. (指动物、人)圆胖的；丰满的 She is plump without being fat.她长得丰满但并不肥胖。equate v. 使相等, [数]视为平等My grandfather often equates inexperience with youth.我爷爷经常把年轻和缺乏经验相等同起来comprehensive adj. 广泛的,综合的;The government gave a comprehensive explanation of its plans for industry.政府对其工业发展计划做了全面的解释。lush adj. 青葱的，繁荣的Trains pass through the lush countryside. 火车通过苍翠繁茂的乡下。anniversary n. 周年纪念I gave him a hands ome present at the anniversary of his birthday.在他生日那天我送给他一份很好的礼物。sullen adj. 沉沉不乐的A sullen look shaded his face.他因不快而沉下脸来。[时文阅读]

The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming（逼近） hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine（破坏） political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.

So, what should be done？Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert（防止 , 避免） the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up（按比例增加 ,扩大） the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone （遭遇饥荒） country in southern Africa, which three years ago

A.

How to end the global food shortageB. How to end the global disasterC. How to help the farmers in the poor countriesD. How to subsidize the farmers to increase food products2. What does the author think of the global food shortage?A. people in the world can do nothing.B. The global food crisis will continue.C. The food crisis provides not only a warning but also an opportunity.D. We don’ know.3. What measures should be taken to ease the current crisis and avert the potential for a global disaster?A. to scale-up the dramatic success of Malawi B. the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion of food into biofuels C. to prevent the world's crops from being destroyed by weather as soon and as effectively as possible.D. All above .答案与简析：1.A.析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲如何结束全球食物短缺，A能概括文章中的主要内容。B、C、D都是文章中的一部分。2.C.析：作者态度题目，文中最后一段可知。3.D.析：事实细节题，从文章中第二、三及四自然段的句首可知。*******************************************************结束[来源:学。科。网 Z。X。X。K]

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 04：新闻报告（答案）小试牛刀---------阅读理解

　　Experience the newly opened Grand Canyon (大峡谷 ) West Skywalk in Colorado. Departing from Grand Canyon’s

South Rim by Airplane to Grand Canyon’s West Rim, you will land and take a ground tour to the Skywalk! Walk on air for 70

feet over the edge of Grand Canyon West.

This Skyw alk has been open since March 28, 2007. Daily visitorship to the Skywalk has been over 4,000 people. Please

be patient to enjoy your moment on the Skywalk.

After you have experienced the one and only Grand Canyon Skywalk Glass Bridge, you will return to the Grand Canyon

West Airport and take your Airplane for a flight back to the South Rim of the Canyon. This is a tour never to be forgotten as

you will have walked on air over the Grand Canyon.

Tour Itinerary (行程)

Tour Duration5.7

HoursThe Grand Canyon Adventure Skyw alk

Flight from Grand

Canyon South Rim

to Grand Canyon

West

1 HourExperience a bird’s-eye view of the Grand Canyon as you make your way to

Grand Canyon West.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]

Light Lunch at

Guano Point at

Grand Canyon West

2 Hours

You’ll be taken by bus to Guano Point with breathtaking views of the western

part of the Grand Canyon where the Calorado River makes its way into Lake

Mood. Every table for lunch has a view.

Walk on the World

Famous Skywalk1.5 Hours

Finally you’ll board your bus to Eagle Point, home of the Grand Canyon

Skywalk. Now it is time for you to walk on air for 70 fee t over the Grand

Canyon.

Flight Back to Grand 1.2 Hours After time on the Skywalk, you’ll return to the Grand Canyon West Airport

Canyon South Rim and return to Grand Canyon South Rim in time for dinner and sunset.

60. This advertisement is for __________.

A. Grand Canyon West B. Grand Canyon South

C. Grand Canyon D. the Skywalk

61. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _______.

62. The Grand Canyon Skywalk Bridge is made of glass because ______.

A. it looks stranger B. it is cheaper to build

C. it looks more beautiful D. it gives you a better view

63. According to the Tour Itinerary, the route is ______.

A. South Rim→Guano Point→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim

B. South Rim→West Airport→Guano Point→Eagle Point→West Airport→South Rim

C. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→Guano Point→West Airport→South Rim

D. South Rim→West Airport→Eagle Point→West Airport→Guano Point→South Rim

60-63 DADB

************************************************************结束

【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。

一、材料特点

广告类阅读题的五大特点

1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用

最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，

形式灵活。

2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们

生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。

3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容

(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条

理清楚。

4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是

生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。

5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有

很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信

息为主的细节理解题。

【考点 pk】名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情

感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，

但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。

此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问

1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?

2.Which of the following is not mentioned?

3.All of the following are true except...

4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案

在文章中可以直接找到。如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to

protect the land and houses around the river.

This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car f rom one side of the river to the other

on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator

goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a

highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.

This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover

Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is

situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.

Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .

A.between Arizona and Nevada

B.in the Black Canyon[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

C.between New York and San Francisco

D.both A and B

Invited by

Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of

1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.

Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed

of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the

competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three

months to learn the art of walking on the stage ， dancing,singing,making-up and other proper

manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.

“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I

am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time， in

Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.

Q：Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.

C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. [来源:学+科+网]

【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而 B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是

moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选 B。

考点二

主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容

1.短文的标题（title,headline）；

2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；

3.中心思想(main idea)；

4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。

二、此类题的设问方式

1.What would be the best title for the text?

2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?

3.What is the passage mainly about?

4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.

考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的

事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之

音的能力，属于深层理解题。

此类题的设问常常包括 infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：

1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.

2.What can be inferred from the Passage?

3.Which of the following can be inferred f rom the Passage?

4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.

5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.

6.The writer implies that__________.

7.It can be inferred that__________.

8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.

9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]

10.From the text we can conclude that__________.

11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.

12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?

13.The author is inclined to think that__________.

14.When the writer talks about,wh at he really means is that__________.

15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?

16.In the writer’s opinion,...

假如题干

中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句 (一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，

如 It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，先浏览一下4

个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.

如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如 infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有

关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求

推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，

有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。[来源:Zxxk.Com]

考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往

不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。

1.定义法

如:

Anne aling is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.

句子给予 annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.

从后面的解释中我们可以了解到 brittle 是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.

定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:

They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.

同位语部分 a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week.

两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明 night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:

She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

but一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，

因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:

Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?

possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the

player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。

*************************************************结束

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 05：应用文（答案）小试牛刀--------阅读理解There’s a dark little joke: Rip Van Winkle awakens in the 21st century after a hundred-year sleep. Men and women dash

about, talking to small metal devices. Young people sit on sofas, moving miniature athletes around on electronic screens.

Airports, hospitals, shopping malls— every place Rip goes just puzzles him. But when he finally walks into a schoolroom,

the old man knows exactly where he is. "This is a school," he declares. "We used to have these black in 1906. Only now the

blackboards are green."

American schools aren’t exactly frozen in time, but considering the pace of change in other areas of life, our public

schools tend to feel like throwbacks. Kids spend much of the day as their great-grandparents once did: sitting in rows,

listening to teachers lecture, scribbling notes by hand, reading textbooks that are out of date. A yawning chasm separates the

world inside the schoolhouse from the world outside.

The national conversat ion on education has long focused on reading scores, math tests and closing the "achievement

gap". This is n ot a story about that conversation. This is a story about the big public conversation the nation is not having

about education, the one that will ultimately determine whether an entire generation of kids will fail to make the grade in the

global economy because they can’t think their way through abstract problems, work in teams or speak a language other than

English.

This week the conversation will burst onto the front page, when the NCSAW releases a blueprint for rethinking American

education from pre-K to 12 and beyond to better prepare students to thrive in the global economy. While that report includes

some debatable proposals, there is a remarkable agreement among educators and business and policy leaders on one key

conclusion: we need to bring what we teach and how we teach into the 21st century. Today’s economy demands not only a

high-level competence in the traditional academic disciplines but also what might be called 21st-century skills. [来源:学科网]

64. What is the writer’s purpose to use a dark little joke in the first paragraph?

A. To serve as an introduction to Rip Van Winkle.

B. To draw readers’ attention to the present situations in American schools.

C. To remind people that American literature plays an important role in economy.

D. To let its readers enjoy the article from the very beginning.

65. What is the writer’s general impression of American school children?

A. They look much like their great-grandparents.

B. They can do everything as they like.

C. They are well developed on all sides.

D. They are almost separated from the outside world.

66. From the third paragraph, we know the writer ________.

A. has focused on reading scores and math tests [来源:学科网]

B. tells a story about the national conversation

C. tends t o care much about the big public conversation

D. promises to help kids with their grade in the global economy

67. The underlined part “to thrive” in the last paragraph most probably means ________.

A. to become and continue to be successful and strong.

B. to enjoy something especially other people would not like.

C. to compete with other people for better positions

D. to work in teams with any other people.

64-67 BDCA [来源:Zxxk.Com]

*************************************************************结束

【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。

一、材料特点 [来源:Zxxk.Com]

阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(Headline)、导语(Introduction)、背景

(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一

自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。下面分别叙述这五个部分在

阅读理解中的作用。

探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导

语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。广告类阅读题的五大特点

1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用

最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，

形式灵活。

2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们

生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。

3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所

刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，

重点突出，条理清楚。

4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是

生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。

5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有

很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信

息为主的细节理解题。

【考点 pk】名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情

感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

1.直接事

实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案

在文章中可以直接找到。如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to

protect the land and houses around the river.

This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other


goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a

highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.





A.between Arizona and Nevada

B.in the Black Canyon

C.between New York and San Francisco

D.both A and B

【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题

解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。

“It’s

really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also

glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time ， in



A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.

C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而 B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是

mov ed to Hongkong with her parents，因此选 B。

3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will

save_______ .

A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400

这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做

此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。

一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容

1.短文的标题（title,headline）；

2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；

3.中心思想(main idea)；

4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。


1.What would be the best title for the text?

2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?

3.What is the passage mainly about?

4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.

考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的

事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之

音的能力，属于深层理解题。


1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.

2.What can be inferred from the Passage?

3.Which of the followi ng can be inferred from the Passage?

4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.

5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.

6.The writer implies that__________.

7.It can be inferred that__________.

8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.

9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.

10.From the text we can conclude that__________.

11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.

12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?

13.The author is inclined to think that__________.

14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.

15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards.. .?

16.In the writer’s opinion,...

近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基

础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中

某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找

不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如

According to the passage ...,It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage

that...等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索

找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：

1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题

干中无线索，如 It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，

先浏览一下 4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，

作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如 infer,conclude题型，可能

与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主

旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与

段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。考点四、词义、句义猜测。

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往

不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。

此类题的设问方式主要有

1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...

2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...

3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...

4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它

不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会

“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

2.同位法。

如:





but一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，

因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:





*****************************************************结束

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 06：社会生活、文化教育（答案）小试牛刀----------阅读理解

Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and ar tificial intelligence. Today it seems more

and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences

with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.

Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture

anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to

produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of

ordinary insects.

Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the

characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be “biotech hearts and eyes” which can replace diseased organs in

human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans.

The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science fiction

writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop

remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others have

warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil

and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be

impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的) levels unless

we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.

It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve our problems. Before we

surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless,

cheap and safe energy. Today those promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl(切尔诺贝利), in the

Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way.

68.According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be __________.

A. electronics B. biotechnology C. genetic engineering D. nuclear technology

69. Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are __________.

A. as good as wool B. as good as an insect’s body

C. not as good as natural materials D. better than natural materials.

70. According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________.

A. to make something as good as human skin B. to produce drugs without side effects

C. to transplant human organ s D. to make artificial hearts and eyes

71. In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that ___________.

A. biological power sources would be put into use soon

B. oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future

C. dependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon

D. the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years

72. What do we learn from the last paragraph?

A. Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.

B. Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.

C. Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.

D. Biological power will keep all its promises.

68-72 BCDAC

***********************************************************结束

【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、

文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议论文和记叙文为主。命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节、推理判断。从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。【考点 pk】名师考点透析

考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。


C.betw

een New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B

【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]

2.间接事实题

解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian， host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo

Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.


of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the





am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.Th is time， in


Q：Which of the following is NOT tr ue?

A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而 B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选 B。


save_______ .A.$100　 B.$300　 C.$350　 D.$400

这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：

1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。[来源:学*科*网]

考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。[来源:学§科§网 Z§X§X§K][来源:Zxxk.Com]

考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。


1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.6.The writer implies that__________.7.It can be inferred that__________.8.It can be concluded from the Passa ge that__________.9.On the whol e,we can conclude that__________.10.From the text we can conclude that__________.11.After reading the Passa ge we may conclude that__________.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that__________.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?16.In the writer’s opinion,...

近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找

不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如According to the passage...,It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage

that...等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如 It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，先浏览一下 4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如 infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文叙述。

1. 定义法。如:

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.


从后面的解释中我们可以了解到 brittle 是“脆”的意思。[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]

The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.

定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:





b ut一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。



possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused th e muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the

player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。

********************************************结束

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 07：科普知识（答案）小试牛刀---------阅读理解

It happened to me recently that I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s

Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of the current US President． The person I was

talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words,“a wonderfully written book ．”However, he then proceeded

to talk about Mr Obama in a way that suggested he had no idea of his background at all． I sensed that I was

talking to a book liar．And it seems that he is not the only one． Clearly two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which

they haven’t ． In The World Book Day survey, Dreams From My Father is at number 9． The survey lists top

ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading． As I’m not one to lie too often, I’ll admit

here and now that I haven’t read the entire ten books． But I am pleased to say that I have read the book at

number one, George Orwell’s 1984． I think it’s absolutely outstanding．[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to impress someone they were speaking to ． This could

be difficult if the conversation became more in-depth !

The World Book Day survey also has some other interesting information in it． It shows that many people lie

about having read classical works by Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, Charles Dickens and so on. But when asked

which authors they actually enjoy, they named JK Rowlin g, Jilly Cooper, and Step hen King (ah, the big sellers, in

other words)． Forty-one percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end

before finishing the story．So which books have you lied about reading—if any—and which is your favourite?

56．The main reason why people lie about reading is to

A．make fun of the listener B．impress the listener

C．please the listener D．interest the listener

57．The underlined word“proceeded”in the passage probably means“ ”

A．wanted B．happened C．continued D．stopped

58．What does The World Book Day survey show?

A．Nearly half of the people surveryed didn’t read through a whole classical book．B．People don’t like Dreams From My Father and George Orwell’s 1984

C．Few people lie about having read classical works by Jane Austen．D．People usually enjoy reading books by Charles Dickens．

59．What is the best title for the passage? [来源:Z。xx。k.Com]

A．Are You A Book Liar? B．Readers Are All Liars

C．World Book Day D．Dreams From My Father,[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]

[来源:学|科|网]

56—59、 BCAA

********************************************************结束

【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布　高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类

“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点 ,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡【试题特点】

　　① 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡　　② 贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡　　③ 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡

(4)科学方法图示判断题

科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点 pk】名师考点透析


细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，

但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。


1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except...


在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：

A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.



goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.





A.between Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B





of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream wa s to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the




“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter fo r such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I




A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.



save_______ .


1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.



1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the P assage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.6.The writer implies that__________.7.It can be inferred that__________.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.10.From the text we can conclude that__________.11.After reading the Passage we m ay conclude that__________.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that__________.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.

15.What’s the writer’s attitud e/feeling towards...?16.In the writer’s opinion,...

考点四词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。


1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...

4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

1.定义法。如:




定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。[来源:Zxxk.Com]

2.同位法。如:



两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明 night shi ft 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:


but一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。



possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：Th e lack of movement caused the muscles t o weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the

playe r could never play the sport again.


************************************************结束

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 08：科普知识（答案）小试牛刀---------阅读理解How to Save on Sightseeing New York City Attractions

With so many unique attractions, world-famous museums, theaters, and skyscrapers there is always plenty to

do in New York． However, sightseeing, in New York City might not be the easiest or the cheapest experience．This is why our team of real, life-long Ne w Yorkers has created the New York Pass． If you want to discover

the best of what this amazing city offers while still saving some time and money on your visit, the New York Pass

i s something you should be interested in．How You Benefit from The New York Pass?

Free entry to over 50 attractions – Empire State Building, Statue of Liberty, Museum of Modern Art, Madison

Square Garden Tour,． NBC Studio Tours, New York Aquarium．& many others．Free 140-page guidebook in English, German & Spanish, containing hours of operation, maps and directions

to every tourist attraction , shop and restaurant．Line skipping privileges（特权）－As a New York Pass holder you are entitled (享有权利)to fast track

entry to the New York City ‘s busiest attractions．Over 650 worth of entrance fees－that’s how much it would cost if you visited all the attractions that New

York Pass grants entrance to –wihtout using the New York Pass． That doesn’t even include the additional

discounts you receive for having a NY Pass．100% Risk Free, Money Back Guarantee－New York Pass insurance gives you extra comfort in case your

travel plans change, offering refund on non-used Passes．Plese Note:

You can visit as many attractions as you want－even more with the time saved with fast track entry ． You

don't need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spending．New York Pass Prices ;[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

Offer Ends : Fri 13 Feb 2009

Product Price

1 Day Adult Pass $75

1 Day Child Pass $55

2 Day Adult Pass $110

2 Day Child Pass $90

3 Day Adult Pass $140 $112

3 Day Child Pass $120 $96

7 Day Adult Pass $180 $144

7 Day Child Pass[来源:Z,xx,k.Com] $140 $ 112

60．What is the main purpose of this passage?

A．To attract tourists to New York．B．To describe how to use the New York Pass．C．To introd uc the New York Pass．D．To explain why the New York Pass is created

61．What benefit can you get from the New York Pass

A．You can change your travel plans as you l ike,

B．You can get the free guidebook in four languages．C．You don’t have to carry cash with you [来源:学&科&网 Z&X&X&K]

D．You can visit the Statue of Liberty for free．62．Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January in 2009,how much should he pay for the

New Yor k Pass?

A． 304 B． 380 C．420 D．520

63．If the Empire State Building is too crowded, you can

A．get the refund from the New York Pass immediately

B．enter it before others by using the New York Pass

C．get more discounts and save more money

D．visit many other attractions as long as you want

参考答案 60---63、C DAB

****************************************************结束

【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布

　高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点 ,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡【试题特点】

　　① 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡　　② 贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡　　③ 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡

(4)科学方法图示判断题

科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边

读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点 pk】名师考点透析


细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。


1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except...


在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：

A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and hou ses a round the river.


on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This da m is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator

goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.





A.between Arizona and NevadaB.in t he Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD .both A and B




Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six y ears old， Luo Lin has never

dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream wa s to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the








A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. [来源:Zxxk.Com]

C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.


3、数据推算。

If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ .


1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.



1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.6.The writer implies that__________.7.It can be inferred that__________.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.10.From the text we can conclude that__________.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?

13.The author is inclined to think that__________.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?16.In the writer’s opinion,...

考点四词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。


1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...3.From the passage,w e can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...

4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

1.定义法。如:


句子给予 annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。

It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.


定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]

2.同位法。如:





but一词表转折，因此 but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。






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2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 09：（答案）

小试牛刀--------阅读理解I am trying to muster(鼓起)the courage to toss away my mobile phone to enjoy a more peaceful and ring –

free life．Can you imagine not having your mobile phone? In our high-tech, in-a-hurry age, a cell-free life is a hard

concept to swallow． Our mobile phones can now access the Internet, and many people feel the need to express

their every thought on their blog pages． If I gave up my cellphone, people would think I was mad．I wish I had the strength to toss away my technology ． I have an office phone, a home phone, e-mail and if

people want to contact me． they can． If I’m out, people can leave a message． Do they really need to find me

24/7 ? However, I’m a bit like Frodo in the movie Lord of the Rings． The power of the ring is too strong and I

can’t let it go．Mobile phones have become necessary tools in our busy life． For most people , they hold all contacts and

many of us don't write up address books any more． The latest phones carry our music, pictures, movies and

everything else． We feel lost without this device and when we do misplace it , we feel cut off from our fellow,

“Where have you been?” said a friend, who saw me a week after I lost my cell, “I tried calling you , but you

disappeared． You disappeared off the face of the Earth。” See, when you don’t have a mobile phone, you don’t

exist．I’m not really going to toss my mobile phone away, in fact． We humans are such social animals and mobil

e phones serve us well． So in 2009, I’ve dicided not to serve my mobile phone． Like all machine, I can always

turn it off．64．What does the underslined phrase“toss away”mean?

A．give away B．get away C．break away D．throw away

65．The writer mentions Frodo to

A．show it is difficult to get rid of the mobile phone

B．show how much he likes Frodo

C．suggest a cell-free life is what he wants

D．introduce a fil m character to us

66．What do we know about mobile phones in the 4 th paragraph?

A．Mobile phones can do anything for us ．B．Mobile phones have become very important in our life

C．We could not live without mobile phones

D．We would be cut off by our fellow without mobile phones

67．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The writer is not really going to toss his mobile phone away．[来源:Zxxk.Com]

B．When you don't have a mobile phone, you don’t exist．C．The writer decides not to serve his mobile phone

D．We humans can control ourselves and machines will．

参考答案 64—67、DA BD

**************************************************结束

A In elementary school, Guadalupe Quintanilla was often referred to as a “slow learner” by her teachers. But she

really wasn’t sl ow at all. She just didn’t understand the language used in the classroom. Her problem was that she didn’t speak English. So she left school after the fourth grade.

When Guadalupe grew up, married, and had children of her own, she knew that her children were clever. But some of their teachers didn’t think so. The children were having trouble in school because they didn’t speak English. Mrs Quintanilla was angry. She didn’t want people to think that her children were slow learners. So she decided to learn English her self as a way of helping them. She practiced English. She looked up words in the dictionary. She asked the school headmaster to let her sit in on classes. It wasn’t easy, but she passed all her exams. She said that many of the other students helped her.

Mrs Quintanilla has helped her children with their lessons. Her two sons have won success. One is a teacher, and the other is a doctor. Her youngest child, a daughter, is studying in a university.56. Guadalupe was called as low learner .

A. to make her study harder B. because she wasn’t clever C. because she stayed at home D. because she didn’t speak English57. According to the story, children who don’t speak English . A. may have more trouble in school B. have trouble playing football C. often write a diary D. grow up to be teachers58. Which happened first? A. Guadalupe passed all her exams. B. Guadalupe left school after the fourth grade. C. Guadalupe had three children. D. Her two sons won s uccess.59. The story is mainly about . A. learning to sing and dance B. the problem of slow learning

C. going to a university D. Mrs Quintanilla’s success

参考答案56--59 DABD **************************************************结束[来源:Zxxk.Com]

BHave you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very

uncomfortable over time? When you select your career, there's a whole lot more to it than assessing(评定) your skills and matching them with a particular position． If you ignore your personality, it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay．There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job．Here are a few of those main areas;1） Do you prefer working alone or with other people?

There are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy．Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer．There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation．2） How do you handle change?

Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them, but some are more than others．If you need to be stable in your life, you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often．Other people would be bored of the same daily routine．3） Do you enjoy working with computers？

I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic．There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer, while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day．Again, these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well．4） What type of work environment do you enjoy？

This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately to a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly．5） How do you like to get paid?

Some people are motivated by the pay they get, while others feel too stressed to be like that．The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this．

Anyway, these are a great starting point for you．I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love．It may take you a little longer, but making a move to do what you have a passion for it can change the course of your life for the better．[来源:Zxxk.Com]

60．What is unnecessary in your job hunting?A．Assessing your skills B．Going to different areasC．Matching your skil ls with a position D．taking your personality into consideration

61．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? [来源:Zxxk.Com]

A．Isolating jobs usually drive people mad．B．Interactive jobs make people shy easily．C．Extreme people tend to work with others．D．Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs．

62. The underlined word in the passage means ________. A. not lik ely to move or change B. calm, reasonable and not easy to upset

C. being in the same chemical state D. a group of people working for the same company63．What is the best title for this passage?

A．Lifestyles and Job Pay B．Jobs and EnvironmentC．Job Skills and Abilities D．Personalities and Jobs

参考答案 60--63 BDAD ********************************************************结束

CImagine landing in a foreign country where you cannot speak the language, understand the culture and don’t

know anybody. Wouldn’t it be nice to have a friend who could help you out?John Smith, an English explorer who landed in America in 1607, found the best friend ever. She was a Native

American named Pocahontas (1595-1617). And she did more than tea ch Smith the language: she saved his life, twice. Smith was captured(捕捉) by members of Pocahontas’s tribe(部落) and was going to be killed. But for some reason, the Chief’s daughter, Pocahontas, felt sorry for Smith (who was probably the first white man she had ever seen) and threw her body over his to protect him. Smith returned safely to the small village he was living in. During the winter the English settlers did not know how to get food from nature. Pocahontas often brought food for Smith and his friends.

A year later Pocahontas’s father tried to kill Smith again because the Native Americans were very scared the English would try to take over their land. Pocahontas warned him and he was able to escape. Later she became a Christian and eventually married an Englishman named John Rolfe.She spent the last year of her life in London. Pocahontas has become an American legend. Her life story has been re-created in many books and films, including Disney’s 1995 film, Pocahontas.

One of the reasons she is so popular is that many Europeans look at Pocahontas as an excellent example of how a minority can adjust into the majority. Pocahontas is also respected because of her selfless love. She proved that people can be kind and loving even to people of a different race or culture. John Smith was very different from Pocahontas but she could see he was a good man and that was all that mattered. No race or country owns goodness, love and loyalty.64. What difficulties might early European settlers meet in America EXCEPT ___________? A. the fierce conflict with Native Americans B. lack of food in winter [来源:学#科#网 Z#X#X#K]

C. bad-tempered natives who enjoyed killing D. unfamiliarity with a foreign land65. Pocahontas saved John Smith twice because ___________. A. she believed in general kindness even to people of a different race B. she wanted to become a Christian and marry an English C. he was the first white man she had ever seen in her life D. she was on the settlers’ side and against her cruel father66. Which is Not an element to make Pocahontas a legend? A. Her tribal background and her marriage to a white settler.

B. The recreation of her life story in the 1995 Disney film. C. Her complicated life story different from common people’s D. Her selfless help to people regarded as enemy of her tribe.67. What can we infer from the passage? A. People from different cultures can never really get along well with each other. B. The Europeans think the early settlers should have learned to adjust to the local cultures. C. The creation of America is based on the settlers’ victory over the Native Americans. D. The battles between early settlers and Native Americans resulted from their fighting for land.

参考答案 64—67 CABD********************************************************结束

DHow Do Animals Catch Their Zzz’s?

Different creatures have developed some pretty creative ways to get their rest and stay safe. The lizard（蜥蝎）lik es to sleep at the far end of small branches hanging out over a pond or lake in the rain forest. If a snake tries to slither(滑行) up the branch to eat it, it will shake the branch and knock the lizard off, and the lizard will fall safely into the water. Chameleons （变色龙）can change color to match their surroundings in order to hide even while sleeping. Gorillas（大猩猩）like to sleep high in the trees. They build a new bed every night, sometimes taking up to half an hour to pile branches, twigs, and leaves into a comfor it safe to sleep in the trees, but unless they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. They just lock their feet around a branch and hang on. A special tendon（腱）in their legs is automatically tight when they are at rest, so they won’t let go and fall. Dolphins(海豚) live underwater, but must come to the surface to breathe. Scientists now believe that dolphins may sleep with only half their brain, while the other half stays awake to keep them safe and breathing. Seals (海豹) also do this， lying on their sides on the surface of the water with one flipper(脚蹼 )underwater paddling to keep their noses above the surface. Some ducks may also have this ability, and actually sleep with one eye closed and one eye open. 68．How many animals are mentioned in this passage? A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9.69．How does a chameleon protect itself while sleeping A．By changing its body colors. B．By hinging out over a pond. C．By sleeping with half their brain. D．By making beds with branches.70．Why will not birds fall when they are at rest? A．They build nests and sleep in them. B．They fall asleep automatically. C．They have a loose tendon in their legs D．They lock their feet around a branch.71．What does the writer intend to tell us?

A．The cleverest animal is the gorilla because it can make beds.B．Differences in habitat could lead to different living habits.C．The ways animals catch their Zzz’s are pretty much the same.D．In order to protect themselves most animals choose not to sleep.

E

Pollution is reducing the fragrance（芬芳） of plants and thus preventing bees from pollinating(授粉) them—endangering one of the most essential cycles of nature, a new study suggests.

The potentially hugely significant research, funded by US National Science Foundation, has found that gases mainly formed from the emissions（排放） of cars prevent flowers from attracting bees and other insects to pollinate them. And the scientists who have conducted the study fear that insects’ abilities to drive away enemies and attract mates may also be disturbed.

Professor Jose Fuentes, who led the study, said, “Scent molecules(香味分子) produced by flowers in a less polluted environment could travel for roughly 1,000 to 1,200 meters. But today they may travel only 200 to 300 meters. This makes it increasingly difficult for bees and other insects to locate the flowers.”

The researchers, who worked on the molecules of snapdragons(金鱼草 ),found that the molecules are volatile(易挥发的 ) and quickly bond with pollutants, mainly formed from vehicle(车辆 )emis sions. This chemically changes the molecules so that they no longer smell like flowers. A harmful cycle is therefore set up where insects struggle to get enough food and the plants do not get pollinated enough to multiply.

Already bees, which pollinate most of the world’s crops, are in such a great decline that has never been known before in Britain and across much of the globe. At least a quarter of America’s 2.5 million honey bee colonies have been mysteriously wiped out by colony collapse disorder(CCD),where hives are found suddenly deserted.

The crisis(危机) has now spread to Europe. Politicians insist that CCD has not yet been found in Britain, but considering the present number of bees, the agriculture minister Lord Rooker table bed. Birds also find has sent the warning, “The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.”

Although the researchers are not certain whether this is the real cause of CCD, they say that pollution is making life more difficult for bees and other insects in many ways.72. In what way does pollution prevent flowers from attracting bees? A. By shortening the distance traveled by the scent molecules of flowers.

B. By disturbing the bees’ ability to attract mates. C. By weakening the bees’ ability to fight against enemies. D. By stopping flowers from giving off fragrance.73. What harm does the decreasing number of bees do to human beings? A. It will cause humans not to get enough honey. B. It will reduce the food supplies for the world. C. Humans will have to depend on other insects to pollinate plants. D. Humans will find it hard to deal with the deserted bee hives.74. From the passage we can know that . A. Europe is affe cted greatly by CCD B.CCD has destroyed most of the honey bee colonies in Europe C . no honey bees will be found all over the world in the near future D. European officials have paid much attention to CCD75. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Traffic Pollution Puts Bees in Danger

B. Traffic Pollution is to Blame for CCDC. Pollution Makes Flowers Lose Their ScentD. Pollution Causes the Decrease in Flowers

参考答案、

68—71 CADB


小试牛刀--------阅读理解Chocolate which hepls you lose weight by actually burning calories as you eat it ? It sounds wonderful．But unfortunately , for anyone who spent ￡ 37 on a 40-day supply of Slim Choc, the idea is nothing more

than daydream．The product was one of a lot of “miracle cures” marketed to Britons which had no evidence to back up their

grandiose(夸大的) claims, according to the Office of Fair Trading．

The OFT said that such tricks affect 200,000 of us a year, at a cost ￡ 20 million ． Some 78 per cent of the

victims(受害人)are female, but a large number of men are also taken in by “cures”for hair loss．OFT Director of Consumer Protection Mike Haley said,“Miracle health tricks target people who are eager to

lose weight or find a cure． The products are often worthless and can even be dangerous with untested and

possibly harmful ingredients（成分）。”The OFT yesterday warned consumers about the adverts for Slim-Choc, which were contained in junk mail

sent to thousands of homes acorss Britain． The company chaimed that eating the “slimming chocolate”could help users lose 20lbs in just 20 days, without

exercising or cutting back on food．The tricks claimed this was a “brand new revolutionary cure for the overweight”,and it was “the first and

only cholcolate that burns off fat”． Thousands were persuaded to pay ￡ 37 for a 40-day supply．Alice Tuff, of the Sense About Science charity, said :“The emotional and financial costs for the people who

get drawn in can be huge and it is very important that we keep promoting public vigilance（警惕） in dealing

with this serious problem．”68．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Chocolate And Health B．Dangerous Chocolate

C．Too Good To Be True D．Weight-loss Chocolate

69．Which of the following best states Mike’s idea?

A．The emotional and financial costs for victims can be great

B．Eating the “slimming chocolate” coul d help users lose weight．C．We should deal with this weight-loss chocolate problem seriously．D．Weight-loss chocolate may cont ain dangerous ingredients．

70．The company promises if you pay ￡ 37 for the product, you will

A．turn to normal in 40 days, B．loss weight without exercising

C．lose 40lbs in 20 days D．lose weight anywhere anytime

71．The passage is written mainly for

A．doctors B．experts C．consumers D．advertisers

参考答案 68---71、CDB C

***************************************************结束****************************************结束

AWhen I was a baby, I entertained you and made you laugh．Whenever I was "bad" , you'd shake your finger

at me and ask : " How could you?"—but then you'd give up, and roll me over for a belly scratch and I believed that life could not be any more perfect．

My housetraining was a long process, because you were terribly busy, but we worked on that together．We went for long walks, runs in the park and car rides．We stopped for ice cream． I took long naps in the sun waiting for you to come home at the end of the day．

Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and mo re time searching for a human mate．Eventually, you fell in love．She, now your wife, is riot a dog person, but I still welcomed her into our home．I was happy because you were happy．Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement, I was fascinated by their pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them too．Your wife was afraid I would bite them．But nevertheless, as they began to grow, I became their friend．

Now, you have a new job in another city and you and they will be moving to an apartment that does not allow pets．You've made the right decision for your "family" , but there was a time when I was your only family．

I was excited about the car ride until we arrived at the dog pound．It smelled of dogs and cats, of fear, of hopelessness．You filled out the paperwork and said: "I know you will find a good home for her． " They shrugged and gave you a pained look．The children were in tears as they waved me goodbye．And "How could you?" were the only three words that swept over my mind．

Is it better to live with hope or without hope? At first, whenever anyone passed my pen, I rushed to the front, hoping it was you, that you had changed your mind and that this was all a bad dream．

My beloved master, I will think of you and wait for you forever．I hope you receive more faithfulness from your family than you showed to me．

56．Who tells this story?

A．A dog． B．A child． C．A dog's owner． D．A dog trainer57．Why did the dog's owner take his dog to the pound?

A．He had a newborn baby． B．His wife did not like the dog．[来源:Zxxk.Com]

C．He was moving into a new building． D．He thought the dog too troublesome．

58．Which is true about the dog when it lived at the pound?A．It hoped to be adopted by another family．

B．It continued to love its former owner．C．It did not trust humans any more．

D．It was excited about the pound．59．What is the theme of the story?

A．Be ready for changes． B．Never expect too much．[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

C．Never complain about your life． D．Be faithful to those who love you．参考答案56-59 ACBD

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BFrom the earliest times, man has been interested in art．People have often worked together to collect and

save the world' s art treasures．Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre （卢浮宫） in Paris,

France．The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries．The Louvre has not always been a museum．The first building was a fort．In 1190, it was the king' s castle with high walls and a round tower; It had a moat to keep out its enemies．Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew．By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort．The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens．

During times of peace, new treasures were brought in．During days of war, many treasures were stolen, and the buildings were damaged．When Francis I became king of France in 1515, he brought in artists from m any countries．

One of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from Italy, whose " Mona Lisa" is the best-known painting in the museum today．In 1793, the Louvre became a public museum, just as it is now．It is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy．

60．On the whole, this passag e is mainly about ____．A．an art museum called the Louvre

B．an Italian artist named Leonardo da VinciC．a king of France named Francis I

D．the best-known painting in the Louvre61．Why is it good for great art to be kept in public museums?

A．It helps people remember who the King of France is．

B．It keeps people out of the palaces．C．It gives everyone a chance to enjoy good art．D．It helps people to know the greatest artists．

62．From the passage we know that ____．A．it is not possible for treasures to be stolen

B．old forts always make the best museumsC．great art should be shared with all the peopleD．Francis I of France brought in artists from the whole country

63．The underlined word "moat" in the third paragraph probably means "____"．[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

A．a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemiesB．a long and deep ditch dug round a castle which was usually filled with water

C．a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought D．a long and high wall around a castle with a round tower

参考答案60--6 3 ACCB

*****************************************************结束C

You choose to be a winner! The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account (交易账户) where you receive a key – card so you can get to your money 24/7 – that’s 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! It’s a club with impressive features for teenagers: ●No account keeping fees! You’re no millionaire so we don’t expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees! ●Excellent interest rates! You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits (储蓄) without taking them out in a month. ●Convenient Teenager s are busy – we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet … You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part – time job! ●Mega magazine included Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members. The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key – card) but it is easy. We can’t want to hear from you. It’s the best way to choose to be a winner! 64．Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club?

A．Special gifts are ready for parents.

B．The bank opens only on work days. C．Services are convenient for its members.

D．Fees are necessary for the account keeping. 65．The Winners Club provides magazines which .

A．encourage spending B．are free to all teenagers C．are full of adventure stories D．help to make more of your money

66．If you want to be a member of the Club, you must . A．be an Internet user B．be permitted by your parent C．have a big sum of money D．be in your twenties 67．What is the purpose of this text? A．To set up a club. B．To provided part -time jobs. C．To organize key -cards. D．To introduce a new banking service.

参考答案64--67 CDBD

***************************************************结束D

The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial（冰川的）activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils（生物化石） found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged(参差不齐的） coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Meas uring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Par k. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. The establishment of Acadia National park in 1916 means that this natural monument will be preserved and that it will be available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the museum learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. 68．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of _________.

A. the drowning of the Maine coastline

B. glacier’s forcing mountains into the seaC. the irregularity of the Maine coastlineD. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range

69．From the passage, we learn that __________. A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice AgeB. there are more than 2500 islands along the Maine coastline C. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretchD. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island

70．What CANNOT be inferred about the Acadia Nation Park? A. It welcomes all the people, rich or poor.B. It has much appeal for bird-watching lovers. C. It offers visitors both entertainment and education. D. It is a border between the two geographical zones.

71．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The past and the present of Maine B. The formation of Maine coastline C. Efforts for preserving national parksD. Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island

参考答案 68--71 BCDA********* ***********************************************结束

E Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid(酸) accumulation in your body． Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked an d refined foods．When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes(酶)that are part of the food in its raw form．These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food．When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream．In both instances, the result is obesity(肥胖症）．When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat．Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic．To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs． Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat．Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle．The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells．The body’s metabolism(新陈代谢)becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity． The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient．When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common． To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body．Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help．It’s also important to

restore your enzyme balance．You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production．If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach． 72．It can be inferred from Para．2 that _______． A．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit B．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods C．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle 73．Processed foods are unhealthy because they _______．[来源:Zxxk.Com]

A．destroy body’s cells B．may lead to obesity C．are difficult to digest D．stop body’s metabolism． 74．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To warn people of the problem of obesity． B．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods． C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods．[来源:学科网]

D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods． 75．What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph? A．Different causes of acid accumulation． B．Correct ways to cook raw foods． C．Suitable types of raw and whole foods． D．Active approaches to avoid acid．

参考答案 72--75 ABBC

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小试牛刀---------阅读理解Does your older brother think he’s cleverer than you ? Well, he’s probably right． According to a new

research published in the journal Intelligence, the oldest children in families are likely to have the highest IQs and

the youngest the lowest ,

A number of studies have suggested that IQ scores decline with birth order． In the most recent study, at

Vrije University, Amsterdam,researchers looked at men and women whose IQ had been tested at the ages of 5，12

，an d 18．The results , which show a trend for the oldest to score better than the youngest in each test, involved about

200,000people． That showed that first-borns had a three-point IQ advantage over the second-born, who was a

point ahead of the next in line．The order of birth can also affect personality, achievement, and career, with first-borns being more

academically successful and more likely to win Nobel prizes． However,eldset children are less likely to be

radical and pioneering ． Charles Darwin, for example, was the fifth child of six．Exactly why there should be such differences is not clear, and there are a number of theories on

environmental influences on the child．The so-called dilution(稀释法) theory suggests that as family resources, both emotional and physical, as well

as economic, are limited, it follows that, as a result , as more children come along, the levels of parental attention

and encouragement will drop． Another theory is that the intellectual(智力) environment in the family favors the

first-born who has, at least for some time, the benefit of individual care and help．The theory which enjoys the most support is that the extra time and patience that the earlier-borns get from

their parents, compared with those arriving later, gives them an advantage．72．What is the passage mainly about?

A．IQ scores have little to do with the order of birth．B．Intellectual families favor the first-born

C．The order of birth can have an effect on IQ

D．The order of birth can affect personality, achievement, and carrer．73．By using Charles Darwin as an example, the author wants to prove that

A．eldest children are the smartest in a family

B．youngest children will usually become experts

C．first-borns are more likely to win Nobel prizes

D．eldest children are less likely to try something new

74．What do we know about the dilution theory?

A．Intellectual parents love the first –born better[来源:学_科_网 Z_X_X_K]

B．Parents’ attention will drop with more children coming

C．Family resources,both emotional and physical are endless．

D．First-born get less care and help from their parents．75．The passage is developed mainly by

A．offering opin ion with further explanation

B．pointing out similarities and difference

C．comparing opinions from different fields

D．providing typical examples

参考答案 72---75、CDBA

************************************结束**********************************************************结束[来源:学科网 ZXXK][来源:Zxxk.Com]

AAn 18-year-old student has won a local election to become mayor of his hometown in the US

state of Michigan．Michael Sessions won by just two votes to beat his only rival （对手）, the 51-

year-old former mayor．Mr.． Sessions owed his electoral success to the votes cast by his

parents．He will now have to balance schedules between attending school and fulfilling his civic

duties．He will attend his school classes between 8am to 3pm and carry out

his new job as the elected mayor of Hillsdale before dinner at 6pm．He aims to deliver on his

campaign promises of increasing the number of full-time fire-fighters from three to four,

revitalizing（复兴） the local economy and enabling townsfolk to air their views and complaints

（抱怨） on town life．Mr．Sessions was too young to enter the election when it was first announced – he turned 18

only in September, which meant he had just four weeks of campaigning．Although he is the

youngest elected official in America, he cannot celebrate his success with champagne because he

would be seized by the police for underage drinking．He ran for office with a budget of $700,

which he made from his summer job of selling toffee apples．His new position does not come with

an office．Instead, he will receive a yearly salary of $3,600 to cover basic expenses．He starts his

four-year position on November 21．Mr.．Sessions has become famous overnight since his victory

and has already done a series of television chat show interviews．56．How did Michael Sessions win his election?

A．By selling toffee apples during the summer．B．By making promises before the election．C．By beating the former mayor in the face．D．By getting two more votes from his parents．

57．He started his campaign only in September because ________．A．he was too young to run for public office before then

B．then the election was first announced

C．the candidates had only four weeks of campaigning

D．It could only happen in America

58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．An 18-year-old has been elected mayor of Washington D．C．B．The newly elected mayor will stop going to school after taking office．C．He will not get his own office．D．The young man wants to become a television chat show host．[来源:Zxxk.Com]

59．Which will be the best title for the passage?

A．18-year-old Elected as US Mayor B．Young or Old

B．Famous Overnight D．Parents’ Support

参考答案 56—59 DACA

**********************************************结束

B

The round-the-clock（24小时不断的）availability that cell phone have brought to people’s

lives may be taking a toll on family life，a new study suggests．The study，which followed more

than 1，300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout

the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover’’ between work and home life—

and，in turn, less satisfaction with their family life． Spillover essentially（本质上）means that the line between work and home begins to become

unclear．Work life may invade home life when a．parent is taking job—related calls at home，for

instance--or family i ssues may start to take up work time．For example，a child may call mom at

work， telling her "microwave exploded” explained Noelle Chesley， an assistant professor of

sociology at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee and the author of the study．The problem

with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and

home． ‘ This may be especially true for working women，the study found．Among men，consistent use

of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep （潜入）into family time．But for

women，the spillover tended to go in both directions being “connected” meant that work cut into

home time，and family issues came：into work life．

Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members．But

there may be ways to control the spillover，according to Chesley．Employers, she said，could

look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are

“reasonable”．For their part，employees could decide that cell phones go off during fam ily time,

Chesley said．60．What does the underlined phrase “taking a toll’’ probably mean in Paragraph 1?

A．Explaining． B．Protecting． C．Extending D．Damaging．61．What is the purpose of offering the example “microwave exploded” in the second paragraph?

A．To show the microwave is of poor quality． B．To indicate how dependent the child is． C．To indicate family issues affect work hours． D．To show work time creeps into family life

62．As a result of negative “spillover”，people will feel _____．A．1ess satisfied with their family life．

B．1ess satisfied with their work．C．angry with their troublesome children

D．unwilling to get married at an early age．63．We can learn from the passage that _______.

A．spillover makes the line between work an d home unclear

B．cell phones seem to be convenient to families

C．cell phones affect men as much as women

D．we can do nothing to solve the problem

参考答案 60-63 DCAA

********************************************结束

CYears ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advised, “Barbara, be

enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.” How right they were!

“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm ． ” Wrote Ralph Waldo

Emerson． It is the paste that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough. It is the inner

voice that whispers, “I can do it!” When others shout, “No, you can’t!” It took years and years for the early work of Barbara Mclintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn’t stop working on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping. We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiast ic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes . As author and poet Samuel Ulman once wrote, “Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.” Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power. Patricia Mellratl retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her

enthusiasm. She replied, “My father, long ago, told me， I never made a dime until I stopped

working for money.” If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton

Wellsville，Kan，was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that

troubled her for at least 30 years and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am tempted into a genius.” We can’t affo rd to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we

go after “what-can-be”．We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—

finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow.64. The author holds the view that ______ .

A. enthusiasm is more important than experienceB. enthusiasm can give people more success and fameC. enthusiastic people will never get old

D. enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life65. Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph2?

A. Enthusiastic people never consider money and fameB. Enthusiastic people can gain grea t fame and honorC. Enthusiasm can give you courage and strength in difficult times

D. If you don’t have enthusiasm，you can achieve nothing

66. The author mentions cellist Pablo Casals inParagraph3 to show that ______ .A. enthusiasm can make people feel youngB. music can arouse people’s enthusiasmC. enthusiasm can give people inspiration needed to succeedD. enthusiasm can keep people healthy[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]

67. How many examples are given in the passage to show the importance of enthusiasm?A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

参考答案 64- 67DCAC

************************************************结

DTODAY, Friday, November 12 JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158. SATURDAY, November 13 JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p. MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749. FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond. JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.

THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴).

Tel: 789—4536

SUNDAY, November 14 DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.

FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626. HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.

68. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?A. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday. B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. C. At the Bull on Saturday. D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.

69. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?A. At the Derby Arms on Friday. B. At the Black Horse on Friday. C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday. D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.

70. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?A. 789—6749. B. 789—4536. C. 682—1158. D. 688—4626.

71. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?A. Disco at The Lord Napier. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse. C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms. D. Jazz at The Bull’s Head.

参考答案 68-71 BABB

***************************************************结束E

Nature responds to climate change. To understand it, we need to monitor key life cycle events—flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring -all around the world．But scientists can’t be everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, some times called citizen scientists, for help．

A group of scientists and educators set up an organization last year called the National

Phenology Network．“Phenology” is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in

nature．One of the group’s first efforts depends on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data

about plant flowering and leafing every year．The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life

cycle data on different kinds of usual plants from across the United States．“People don’t have to be plant expert s — they just have to look around and see what’s in their

neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an adviser with the project．“As we collect this data,

we’ll be able to predict how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the

climate changes．”That data will help scientists predict not only how natural communities may change but also

how these changes will affect people．

Scientists monitoring lilac flowering in the western United States reported that i n years when lilacs bloomed early — before May 20th — wildfires later in the summer and fall are larger and

more severe．Lilac blooming could serve as an alarm bell, Jennifer says.

Improved monitoring is an important step toward predicting how natural communities will

respond to climate change．“The best way for us to increase our knowledge of how plants and animals are responding to

climate change is to increase the amount of data we have,” he says．“That’s why we need citizen

scientists to get as much information from as many places on as many species over as long a time

period as we can．”72．The National Phenology Network is set up to ______．

A．research how nature makes response to climate change

B．keep a record of what is happening in nature

C．make a study of t he first frog calls of the spring

D．judge what plants will die out in the future

73．The task of Project BudBurst is to ______．A．grow more plants to improve the climate

B．collect information about usual plants

C．make citizens tell different plants

D．find out how many kinds of plants there are in America

74．By saying “Lilac blooming could serve as an alarm bell” in Para 6, Jennifer meant ______.

A．lilac flowers could make people feel anxious or afraid

B．lilacs could warn people of the danger of wildlife

C．the blooming of lilacs could predict the happening g of wildfires

D．the flowers of lilacs could be used to wake people up

75．The main idea of this passage is ______．A．why we need to collect data about nature

B．when an alarm bell sounds for nature

C．what citizen scientists are in America

D．how nature responds to climate change

参考答案72-75 ABCD*********************************************************结束


小试牛刀-------------阅读理解Amy Tan, the American-born daughter of Chinese immigrants, received the Commonwealth Club Gold

Award in 1989 for her first work of novel, the best-selling Joy Luck Club. The sixteen interrelated stories that

make up the work switch between the tales of four Chinese immigrant mothers and their Americanized daughters,

in an exploration of the generational and cultural tensions experienced by many first-generation daughters of

immigrants.

Tan's parents, like many immigrants, had high expectations for their children and often set confusing

standards, expecting Amy and her two brothers to think like Chinese but to speak perfect English, excellent at

school, and take advantage of every chance that might lead to success. Tan, however, rebelled against her parents'

expectations, which included such respected professions as neurosurgery, and devoted herself to being thoroughly

American and dreaming of being a novelist.

Tan got a bachelor's degree in English and linguistics and a master's degree in linguistics and finally

established herself as a highly successful business writer. Tan, however, was not satisfied in spite of her material

success. Turning to her life-long dream, she wrote her first short story, "Endgame," and then a second, "Waiting

between the Trees." In 1987 Tan visited her half-sisters in China with her mother, a trip that proved to be a turning

point in her life and career. Tan felt a sense of completeness, a link with the country and its culture that she had

never expected. Returning from China, Tan was surprised to learn that on the strength of her short stories she had

received an advance from a publishe r. Tan closed her business and wrote the remaining stories for the Joy Luck

Club. It was a resoun ding success, well received by the critics and appearing on the New York Times bestseller

list. It has been translated into 17 languages, including Chinese, and was made into a movie in 1993.

46. What is the author's main purpose in this passage?

A. To analyze Amy Tan’s literary works

B. To support Amy Tan's decision to become a novel writer

C. To present biographical information about Amy Tan

D. To criticize Amy Tan's rebellion against her parents

47. In the 2nd sentence of Paragraph 1, the words "the work" refer to .

A. stories B. writing C. Commonwealth Club Gold Award D. Joy Luck Club

48. Before becoming a novel writer, Amy Tan was a successful .

A. business writer B. publisher C. English teacher D. neurosurgeon

49. The expectations of Tan's parents included all of the following EXCEPT .

A. being excellent at school B. speaking perfect English

C. questioning tradition D. choosing an important profession

50. It can be inferred from the passage that .

A. Tan's parents understood her difficult situation but wanted the best for her

B. It took Tan a while to gather the courage to seek her dreams

C. Tan started writing novel in order to make more money

D. Tan had always wanted to return to China

46– 50 C D A C B　

***********************************************************结束A

Picasso, the famous Spanish painter, was born in 1881. His father was an art teacher. Picass o began to paint very early. He was admitted to the Royal Academy of Art at the age of 15. After 1900, he spent much time in

Paris, living there from 1904 to 1947, when he moved to the south of France. 　　Throughout his career, Picasso moved from style to style with ease. He practi ced sculpture, illustrated books and also showed great interest in pottery design and other fields of art. 　　Picasso produced a great number of drawings during his lifetime. No later artist of the School of Paris has replaced him in international influence. 　　Picasso is generally considered to be the foremost figure in 20th century French art. His paintings are now exhibited in leading European and American galleries. 　　56. The main idea of the passage is _____. 　　A. Picasso is considered to be the foremost figure in the 20th century French art 　　B. Picasso is a famous Spanish painter 　　C. Picasso spent much time in Pairs, living there from 1904 to 1970 　　D. Picasso’s life and art 　　57. According to the writer, Picasso was _____. 　　A. more important than any other French artist in international influence 　　B. more important than any other Spanish artist in international influence 　　C. the most important figure in Spain 　　D. the most important figure in France 　　58. Picasso moved from style to style with ease. It means _____. 　　A. he did not like only one style 　　B. he changed his style without difficulty 　　C. he not only liked sculpture, but also p ottery design 　　D. he showed great interest in other fields of art

参考答案 56—58 DAB

***************************************************结束　　B[来源:学&科&网 Z&X&X&K]

Britain has laws to make sure that women have th e same chances as men in education, jobs and training. But it’s still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs. 　　Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London. She used to be a secretary. Barty Philips, a journalist with “The Observer”, a Sunday newspaper, asked her why she wanted to work with cars. 　　“My first reason was independence(独立) ,” she said. “I also wanted to use my hands, and I like learning about how things work. Many people prefer to have a woman repair their cars, too.” 　　Nikki didn’t find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer. She went to a Government Skill Centre—a special sort of college where people can learn a new job for twenty weeks. “For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hundred men, and some of them were rude to me. It was also very tiring—from 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon, with only 30 minutes fo r lunch.” 　　Now Nikki works free-lance, that is, she’s self-employed, working for herself and not for a garage or a company.

　　Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose, who works as a general builder in Sheffield, an industrial town in the north of England. Like Nikki, Rose used to be a secretary. “I didn’t enjoy it at all.” she said. “I wanted to do more practical work, and I wanted to be self-employed.” 　　Rose joined a women’s building co-operative, and she learnt her job from other people and from experience. However, many of the women in her group have been specially trained. Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs. 　　“People often say, ‘Oh, women aren’t strong enough,’ but I don’t think strength is important.” said Rose, “The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work.” 　　Rose would like more women to come into the building industry. “Everything built at the moment is a product of man’s world. If women become builders, they will be able to understand the production of their house and their towns.” 　　59. There are laws in Britain to help women _____. 　　A. get higher pay than men 　　B. enjoy more freedom than men 　　C. do whatever they like to do 　　D. have equal chances with men in education and work 　　60. The job of a car maintenance engineer is to _____. 　　A. make cars　　　　　 B. sell cars 　　C. repair cars　　　　 D. kee p cars for others 　　61. According to Rose, a woman wishing to be a general builder _____. 　　A. must be specially trained 　　B. should be strong enough 　　C. can learn her job either from others or by experience 　　D. must get used to doing a different sort of work 　　62. The best title for this passage might be _____. 　　A. Nikki Henriques, a car maintenance engineer 　　B. Rose, a General Builder in Shefield 　　C. Women at Work 　　D. British Women

参考答案 59—62 DCDC *********************************************************结束

CThings you need to know about studying there

Study style Since the 1950s, the Netherlands has had courses in English especially for foreign students. Students are expected to be critical of what they read and hear, and to be able of working independently. Foreign students will soon notice that at Dutch institutions for higher learning people are expected to do a lot of talking. The most

common form of teaching is the seminar or working group, where a small group of students work under a teacher’s supervision to analyze（分析）a certain problem. On exams, they have to show that they know the material, and that they have formed well-founded opinions on the subject.Accommodations（住宿） If you are in an exchange programme or an international course, it is quite possible that a room will be arranged for you. Accept it immediately, or you will regret it later. That’s because finding a place to live in a country as crowded as the Netherlands is not easy. Before you leave China, ask your host institution whether or not housing will indeed be arranged in advance. If you are in the Netherlands and still looking for a place, ask the international relations office or the student dean for advice. ExpencesTuition: （学费）Bachelor’s degree：about 2,500 euros a year Master’s degree: 5,000-12,000 euros a yearLiving expenses:Experience has shown that a year in the Netherlands costs a ChineseStudent about 450-700 euros a month.Here is a breakdown of average prices of supermarket goods:Litre of milk: 0.5—0.8 euroKilo of apples: 1.5 eurosShampoo, 400ml: 4 eurosTube of toothpaste: 1 euroBed sheet: 20 eurosOther expenses:Haircut: 15 eurosAir ticket to China: 600-800 eurosMobile phone call(one minute): 0.1-0.3 euro Phone call to China (with IP card):7 euros(one minute)Postage stamp in the Netherlands: 0.39 euroStamp for China: 0.78 euro(1 euro-about 10 yuan) Transportation

Trains, buses and trams run throughout the country. If you really want to sample Dutch life, and get around quickly and easily, buy yourself a bicycle. Most students buy second-hand bicycles. A reasonable one will cost you 70-120 euros.

You can find them at second-hand bicycle shops or at the bicycle parking facilities near railway stations.63．Teachers want foreign students to do much talking and analyzing in order to make them .

A．g et higher marks B．pass exams easierC．be able to work independently D．g et in close touch with each other

64．The passage implies that .A．it is easier to find a room in NetherlandsB．it is difficult to find a room in NetherlandsC．your host institution will surely find a room for you

D．the international relations office can find a room for you65．It costs at least a year for a Master degree.

A．104,000 yuan B．104,000 euros C．174,000 yuan D．134,000 euros66．Most students ride second-hand bicycles mainly because .

A．they can ride them fast and easily[来源:学#科#网 Z#X#X#K]

B．bicycles are safe and comfortable for ridingC．bicycles are convenient and easy to parkD．bicycles are convenient and cheap

参考答案 63—66CBAD

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D

A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag. Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane. People with jet lag may feel extremely tired for several days. They may also have problems thinking clearly and remembering. [来源:学科网 ZXXK]

Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study, which involved twenty young women who worked for international airlines. They had served passengers on airplanes for five years. These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones. In the study, the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag. Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights. The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas. The researcher took some saliva from the women”s mouths to measure levels of a hormone(荷尔蒙) that increases during stress(紧张). He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen. And he took pictures of their brains to measure the size of the brain”s temporal lobes(脑叶). It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes. This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen. The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test. And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones. The researcher believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip. He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years. Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory. Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain. They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently (永久性的) affect memory. 67. According to the text, jet lag .

A. can cause difficulties in speaking B. can make people feel tired for a few weeks C. can be only found in flight attendants D. can be caused by flying over several time zones

68. It can be inferred from the text that .

A. the conclusion is refused by many scientists B. scientists fear that this research is not done properly C. the scientific conclusion needs the support from many tests D. every women who were examined in the research were mot healthy

69. From the result of the research we can see that .A. the women who have longer rest at home show better memory B. the women who fly in short time have smaller right temporal lobes C. the women who have longer flights fail the memory test D. the women who rest more than 14 days produce less hormones

70. What is the subject discussed in the text?A. The cause of jet lag. B. A story of a group of flight attendants. [来源:学科网]

C. The importance of having enough rest after flights. D. A research about the effects of jet lag on the brain.

参考答案 67-70.D .C .A .D

**********************************************************结束[来源:学§科§网 Z§X§X§K]


小试牛刀---------------阅读理解Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do

before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will“obey”spoken instructions

some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and

delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by

gesture and by making questioning noises.

　　Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to

considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or

two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t

be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is

agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are

able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of

sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can

say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person

means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more

experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed

as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he

likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for

himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to

teach new sounds.

51.Before children start speaking________.

　A.they need equal amount of listening

　B.they need different amounts of listening

　C.they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions

　D.they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions

52.Children who start speaking late ________.

　A.may have problems with their listening

　B.probably do not hear enough langua ge spoken around them

　C.usually pay close attention to what they hear

　D.often take a long time in learning to listen properly

53.A baby’s first noises are ________.

　A.an expression of his moods and feelings　　

　B.an early form of language

　C.a sign that he means to tell you something　　

　D.an imitation of the speech of adults

54.The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech________.

　A.is important because words have different meanings for different people

　B.is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

　C.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

　D.is one that should be completely ignored（忽略）because children’s use of words is often

meaningless

55.The speaker i mplies________.

　A.parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

　B.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

　C.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

　D.even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating

51－55 BDAD 　******************************************结束

AIn 490 B.C. the Greek messenger, Pheidippides , ran about 40 kilometers from the town of “Marathon”to

Athens to announce the victory of Athens over Macedon . Since then ,the 42–kilometer “Marathon”race has become a great test for athletes. However, for many years , only men were allowed to run this race , because the distance was said to be unbearable for women. In 1966, an American women named Roberta Gibb proved that idea wrong.

Gibb had always enjoyed running .One day in 1964 , she saw the Boston Marathon happening as she was running in the woods. Since running meant a lot to her, she began training harder , hoping to join the marathon some day.

Gibb finally applied to run in the 1966 Boston Marathon, but she was not given entrance because the Boston Marathon Association cons idered that women were not strong enough to run 42 kilometers . Yet, this was no obstacle to Gibb, for she knew she had the physical and mental strength to complete the race .On the day the 1966 Boston Marathon was held , Gibb hid in the bushes and jumped into the race when it began. She finished the race in 3 hours and 21 minutes, defeating two thirds of the men in the race and proving that women could run the marathon.

Although what Gibb did was only to realize her dream, in doing so she showed the world that women could accomplish greater things than many people believed they could.56.why were women forbidden to run the 42–km marathon ?

A. Training was only provided for men .B. Women could not work as messengers.C. Women were believed too weak to finish it. D. It was a race held only for professional athletes

57.What did Roberta Gibb do to prepare herself for the Boston Marathon ?A .She dressed herself as a man.B. She trained herself harder than before.

C. She found a job in the Boston Marathon Association .D. She hid in the bushes, waiting for the end of the race.

58.What happened to Gibb in the 1966 Boston Marathon?A. Her application wasn’t accepted. B . She was asked to train harder . C. Her determination amazed people. D. She was welcome to run the race.

59. According to the text ,what can we learn from Roberta Gibb’s story?A. Most women ran slower than men in marathons.B. Joining marathons is the best way to prove one’s strength.C. It takes at least two years to train to become a marathon runner.D. Women may be able to achieve greater things than they’re expected.

B■United States CapitolIt serves as the seat of government for the US Congress. It is localted in Washington,D.C.,on top of Capitol

Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall.Officially, both the east and west sides of the Capitol are referred to as “fronts,”Historically,however, the east front was initially the side of the building intended for the arrival of visitors and famous guests.

Phone:(202) 225-6827Official website:www.aoc.govHours:Monday-Saturday：9:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m.■International Spy Museum It is a privately owned museum dedicated to the fidld of espionage localed in Washington.D.C.,The museum

was built by The Malrite Company at a cost of US $ 40 million.Despite being one of the few museums in Washington that charges admission fees,it has been popular since its opening in July 2002.

Phone:(202) 393-7798Official website:www.spymuseum.orgHours:Monday-Sunday:9:30 a.m.-6:00 p.m.

■National Museum of Natural Hist oryIt is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution,localed on the National Mall in

Washington,D.C.,Admission is free and the museum is open 364 days a year,The museum’s collertions total over 125 million speciments of plants,animals,fossils,minerals,rocks,meteorites （陨石）， and human cultural artifacts ,making it the largest such museum anywhere .It is the second most popular of all of the Smithsonian museums and is also home to aboud 185 professional matural history scientists –the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of the natural and cultural history in the world.

Phone:(202) 633-1000Official website:www.mnh.si.edu[来源:学§科§网]

■Jefferson Memorial It is a presidential memorial in Washington,D.C.,dedicated to Thomas Jefferson,an American Founding

Father and the third president of the United States,The neoclassical building was designed by John Russell Pope, It was built by Philadelphia contractor John Mc.Shain .Construction began in 1939,the building was completed in 1942,and the bronze statue of Jefferson was added in 1947 ,When completed,the memorial occupied one of the last significant sites left in the city.

Phone:(202) 426-6821Official wdhsite:www.mps.gov/thje

60.Which admission is free?A.United States Capitol B.Jefferson Memorial C.International Spy Museum D.National Museum of Natural History

61.Visitors can learn more about in the Jefferson Memorial.A.the third American president B.the US governmentC.rock collections D.natural history

62.Where does this text probably come from?A.A science textbook B.A tourist guide[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]

C.A museum guide D.A history report CThe United Nations Environment Program is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from

chemicals. Better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. An estimated one hundred forty-three thousand chemicals are now produced. Yet only the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.

Sylvie Lemmet, director of the U.N. Environment Program, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.

She says: "If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide in sub-Sahara n Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2009. This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health sector in the same area."

The Program estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America . One of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticides and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy-metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles, and dioxin pollution from mining.

The U.N. report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. It says preventin g harm costs less than fixing it.63. The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that _________.

A. The use of pesticide is wasteful.B. Africa needs more development aid.[来源:学#科#网]

C. Chemicals have a high production cost.D. Estimated cost of chemicals is inaccurate.

64. Which of the following is NOT a source of danger according to the text?A. Pesticides. B. Fertilizer. C. Heavy-metal. D. Mineral.

65. According to the text what is the main reason for chemicals risks?A. Poor management of chemicals.B. Lack of research funds on chemicals.C. The mass production of cement and textilesD. Contradiction between chemical producers and governments.

66. What would be the best title for the text?

A. The truth in Sylvie Lemmet’s comments.B. A UN warning about chemical dangers.C. The unpredictable future of chemical industry.[来源:学科网]

D. Preventing: much better than curing.D

Angry Birds is a video game developed by Finnish computer game developer Rovio Mohile.Inspired primarily by a sketch of stylized wingless birds,the game was first released for Apple’s mobile operating system in December 2009.Since then, over 12 million copies of the game have been purchased from Apple’s App Store.

With its fast-growing popularity worldwide, the game and its characters---angry birds and their enemy pigs---have appeared in televion programs throughout the world.THE Israeli comedy A Wonderful country ,one of the nation’s most popular TV programs,satirized( 讽刺 ) recent failed Israeli-Palestinian peace attempts by featuring the Angry Birds in peace negotintions with the pigs.Clips of the segment (片段 )went viral, getting viewers from all around the world.American television hosts Conan O’Brien ,Jon Steward ,and Daniel Tosh have referenced the game in comedy sketches for their programs,Conan,The Daily Show,and Dash. O. Some of the game’s more famous fans include Prime Minister David Cameron of UK,who plays the iPad version of the game,and author Salman Rushdie,who is believed to be “something of a master at Angry Birds.”

Angry Birds and its characters have also been featured in advertisements in different forms.In March 2011,the characters began appearing in a series of advertisements for Microsoft’s Bing search engine.In the same year,Nokin produced an advertisement in Austin, Texas that included the game’s characters on a downtown building for its new mobile phone.Lat er,a T-Mobile advertisement filmed in Spain included a real-life mock-up(实物模拟)of the game in a city center .Nokin also used the game in Malaysia to promote an attempt to set a world record for the largest number of people playing a single mobile game.

Angry Birds has even inspired works of philosophical analogy（哲学类比）.A five-part essay with the title” Angry Birds Yoga（瑜伽）”---How to Eliminate the Green Pigs in Your Life”was written by Giridhari Dasar in Brazil ,utilizing the characters and gameplay mechanics to interpret various concepts of yoga philosophy.The piece attracted much media attention for its unique method of philosophical presentation.67.What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To explain how the video game Angry Birds was devised.B.To investigated why Angry Birds has quickly become well-liked.C. To introduce Angry Birds characters in TV programs and advertisements.D. To report on the spread of Angry Birds in different media around the world .

68.Which of the following is closed in meaning to the word “viral “in Paragraph 2?A.apparent B.popular C.exciting D.disgusting

69.According to the text, Which of the following persons is good at playing Angry Birds?A.Salman Bushdie B.Conan O’Brien C. Giridhari Dasar D. Daniel Tosh

70. Which of the following is TRUE about the use of Angry Birds according to the text?A. It has been used by UK Prime Minister to expain political issues.B.Its characters are used in advertisements mainly for Apple’s products.C. It has been developed into a film about the life of a Brazilian yoga master. [来源:学科网 ZXXK]

D. Its real-life mock-up has appeared in an advertisement for mobile phones. 参考答案

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小试牛刀---------阅读理解Laptop (便携式) computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and

hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today, laptops also connect

students to their classrooms.

Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork

anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops

are part of a ＄ 10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The students with laptops will

also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their

classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able

to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or

under the trees ––– any where at all!

Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges a nd

universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In

addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other

resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State officials also are

testing laptop programs at other universities, too.

At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staffs use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to

use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re

giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”

56. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to _______.

A. use for their schoolwork B. access the Internet

C. work at home D. connect them to libraries

57. Why is the word “speak” in the 2nd paragraph in quotation marks?

A. They don’t really talk. B. They use the computer language.

C. Laptops have speakers. D. None of the above reasons is correct.

58. Which of the following is true about Westlake College?

A. All teachers use computers. B. 1,500 students have laptops.

C. It is an old college in America. D. Students there can do everything.

59. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can _______.

A. attend lectures on information technology B. travel around the world

C. get information from around the world D. have free laptops

60. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The program is successful.

B. The program is not workable.

C. The program is too expensive.

D. We don’t know the result yet.

56－60 AACCD

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ATo Whom It May Concern: On March 5, 2012 , I bought a Perfect Muffin Kit(松饼粉 ) from your store at Midfield Shopping Center. The cashier who assisted me was George. George was very friendly and told me that the Perfect Muffin Kit would live up to the guarantee on the box: “Perfect Muffins Every Time!”. Unfortunately, this product did not live up to what it promised . The muffins I made were far from perfect . I followed the directions in the package very carefully . First , I removed the bag of mix from the box. Then , I poured it into a bowl. Next, I added the correct amount of water to the mix and stirred it. According to the directions, after stirring the mixture , I added half a cup of dried prapes, nuts , berries, or another favorite ingredient(配料 ) . My favorite ingredient happens to be hot sauce (沙司 ). I find that a bit of hot sauce makes pizza and soup taste very delicious. So, continuing to follow the direct ions, I added half a cup of hot sauce to the mix and stirred it. Finally, I poured the mix into muffin tins and baked it in the baker at 350 degrees for exactly 20 minutes.When the muffins finished baking, I was very excited to eat the “Perfect Muffins” as promised on the box. You can imagine my disappointment when, upon tasting the muffins, I discovered that they were not perfect. These muffins were , in fact , absolutely terrible. Not even my dog was interested in eating these supposedly “perfect”

muffins. I would appreciat e a full refund(退款 ) of $3.99 for this product as soon as possible. Enclosed are the receipt, the empty box, and one of the un-perfect muffins so that you can experience it for yourself . Thank you for your attention to this matter.Sincerely ,Michelle Bauer56. This letter is most likely addressed to _______.A. George, the cashier who sold the muffin mixB. the owner of the muffin mix company C. the clerk at a local muffin bakery D. a l ocal storeowner57. The tone(语气 ) of the author can b est be described as ________.A. disappointed B. hopeless C. embarrassed D. disgusted58. the author was unhappy with the product because________.A. the directions of the product contained a mistake B. it was too difficult to follow the directionsC. it was not up to the promise made on the box [来源:学+科+网 Z+X+X+K]

D. it was worth less money than she paid for it59. The author’s main purpose in writing this letter is to ________.A. prevent others from making the same mistakeB. get back all the money paid from the shopC. persuade the company to change the wording on their boxD. complain about how bad the muffins tastedBWhy do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What’s to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive (自我毁灭的) acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failu res of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.

According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn’t quite make sense. In fact, it turns out that sometimes it’s having will power that really gets you into trouble.

Think back to the time you took your very first sip (啜饮) of beer. Disgusting, wasn’t it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it. And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette — it tastes awful. So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist, they never, ever start out that way.

Just getting past th ose first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control. Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to someday develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee. We do it for social acceptance. We force ourselves to consume alco hol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.

These bad habits aren’t self-control failures — far from it. They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes. Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful. To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.

60. What do most people think causes bad behavior? A. Being forced by others. B. Enjoying their first experiences. C. Not having enough will power. D. Following the examples of their friends.61. The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove ____. A. everyone can be challenged by different temptations B. drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers [来源:学#科#网]

C. self-control should be developed when one is young D. will power helps develo p bad habits sometimes[来源:学*科*网]

62. In the last paragraph, the author stresses that ____. A. without self-control, no one can succeed B. applying sel f-control correctly is important C. bad habits don’t always lead to bad results D. people can develop wisdom from bad behavior63. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Dark Side of Self-control B. Do You Have Will Power ? C. Will Power Benefits Us D. My First Sip of BeerCShould ecigarettes (electronic cigarettes) be a new choice for the smokers trying to get rid of the habit? Reactions from Americans are mixed．More than half of the people questioned in a surv ey think ecigarettes should be controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration，but 47 percent believe the ecigarettes should be available to the smokers who wa nt to quit．“In the hunt for a safer cigarette，ecigarettes are becoming a popular choice among those either trying to quit or looking to replace standard tobacco smoke with an alternative that manufacturers claim to be safer，” Zogby Intern ational，which conducted the survey，said in a statement．About half of the 4,611 adults who took part in the survey had heard about ecigarettes，which are battery-powered，or recharg eable cigarettes that vaporize a liquid nicotine solution．They do not produce smoke but a water vapor without smell．Sold mostly on the Internet，ecigarettes were first made in China．Last year the World Health Organization (WHO) warned against using ecigarettes，saying there was no evidence to prove they were safe or helped smokers break the habit．The WHO said people who smoke ecigarettes breathe in a fine fog of nicotine into the lungs．Nearly a third of people questioned in the survey think that ecigarettes should be allowed in places where smoking is forbidden， because they don’t produce smoke， but 46 percent disagree．Men who were aware of the availability of ecigarettes were more likely than women to say they should be a choice available to smokers who want to quit ． Young people ， aged 18 － 29 ， and singles were the groups most open to trying e-cigarettes．Smoking is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide，according to the WHO．64．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A．Americans have different opinions about ecigarettes．B．American smokers ought to try ecigarettes．C．Every kind of cigarettes should be forbidden in America．D．Most of the Americans don’t like ecigarettes．65．According to Zogby International，ecigarettes ______．A．are much safer th an common cigarettesB．will take the place of traditional cigarettes

C．are popular among people w ho want to quit smokingD．are produced in a safer way by manufacturers66．What do we know about ecigarettes from the passage? A．Most Americans are familiar with them．B． Most people buy them on the Internet．C．They produce a water vapor that can’t be seen．[来源:学科网]

D．They are a good choice as there is no nicotine．67．What’s the attitude of the WHO towards ecigarettes?A．Indifferent B．Supportive C．Doubtful D．Negative DLONDON (Reuters)—New faces given to a Chinese man after a bear tore off part of his face and a French-Caribbean man disfigured by a rare tumor show that such transplants can work and are not medical oddities (怪异)，researchers said．The findings give hope to some people with severe facial disfigurement and suggest the transplants could prove longlasting without major problems．Despite the tissue rejection in the first year after their transplants，neither men had psychological problems accepting their new faces and have been able to rejoin society，they reported．Only three people have received face transplants．The world’s first was carried out on French woman Isabelle Dinoire in November 2005 after she was disfigured in an attack by her dog．In 2007，her doctors reported that she had recovered slowly and steadily，overcoming two periods of rejection．In 2006，Chinese doctors performed a face transplant on a 30yearold hit by a bear．While there were some complications with tissue rejection following the operation，two years later the man was doing well，his doctors said．“This case suggests that facial transplantation might be an option for restoring a severely disfigured face， and could enable patients to bring themselves back into society，” Shuzhong Guo and colleagues at Xijing Hospital in China wrote．A French team described their work on a 29yearold man who suffered from Von Recklinghausen disease，an illness that changes the shape of his face．“The man，who was not named，was given a new nose，mouth and chin in a 2007 operation．He began to work 13 months after the transplant has more function in his face and has not rejected the new tissue，” his doctors said．“Our case con firms that face transplantation is practical and effective for the correction of specific disfigurement，” Dr．Laurent Lantieri and colleagues at the HenriMondor hospital outside Paris wrote．68．What’s the main idea of this passage?A．Face transplants help regain confidence．B．Face transplants can work．[来源:Z§xx§k.Com]

C．Three people have received face transplants．D．Disfigured people need face transplants．69．The underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．A．repairing repairing B．recovering C．repairing D．rejecting70．What problem resulted from the facial operations?A．The patients wouldn’t accept the facial change．B．It was hard for the patients to get along with others．C． The patients usually suffered from tissue rejection．D．It took some time for the patients to recover from the operation．参考答案

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2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 15：（答案）小试牛刀---------阅读理解

“I don’t want to write a story about girls! I don’t know anything about girls,” Louisa May Alcott told her

publisher, Mr. Niles. But she was desperate for money. She seemed to be the only one in her family who could

make any money. Niles had asked her to write about something she knew, instead of the romantic adventure

stories she had been writing. “So I plod away,” Alcott wrote, “though I don’t enjoy this sort of thing.” It was 1867,

and the horrible Civil War was over. Now Alcott could turn her energy to making money.

Alcott wrote a simple story of life in her family, their pillow fights on Saturday nights and the amateur (业余的) plays they performed. “Our experiences may prove interesting, though I doubt it.” (“Good joke,” she wrote

years later.) Her book described her days growing up with four sisters in a family that had no money. She sketched

(勾画) a loving mother who took time to be interested in each child, and she told of the death of a beloved sister.

She portrayed her family and friends in her book Little Women. Finally, in July of 1868, she finished writing. With

a sigh and a headache, she sent off all 102 handwritten pages of her book.

Niles thought the book was dull, and so did Alcott. But when she received her copies of the book, Alcott

thought it seemed better than expected. “Not a bit sensational,” she wrote, “but simple and true. We really lived

most of it.” Niles asked some girls to read Little Women, and they loved it.

In th ree months, all t he copies of Little Women had sold. It was already time to print more books! Niles

thought he could sell three or four hundred more copies. “An honest publisher and a lucky author made a dull

book into a golden egg for an ugly duckling,” Alcott wrote in 1885. Later, with a great sigh of relief, she was able

to write, “Paid off all the debts! Now I feel that I could die in peace. If my head holds out, I’ll do all I once hoped

to do.”

56. Which of the following would be used to describe Alcott’s book?

A. funny B. boring C. magic D. skillful

57. In which order did the following happen?

a. Alcott began writing Little Women [来源:Zxxk.Com]

b. Niles asked Alcott to write about girls

c. Alcott wrote romantic adventure stories

d. Alcott performed plays with her sisters

e. Niles was not pleased with Alcott’s work.

A. a, b, e, d, c B. d, c, a, b, e C. c, b, e, d, a D. d, c, e, b, a

58. When she handed her first writing in, Niles was _________.

A. sure of her success B. happy about her work

C. unsatisfied with the work D. unpleased with the publisher

59. We learn from the story that, after Little Women sold out, _________.

A. Alcott wrote another book

B. some girls started to read the book

C. Alcott paid off all her bills

D. Niles published hundreds of books girls liked

56— ADCC

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AA mouse looked through a crack（裂缝）in the wall to see the farmer and his wife opening a package. what

food might this contain? It was a mouse trap(夹子)! So he backed into the farmyard, warning “there is a mouse trap in the house.”

The chicken clucked and scratched, saying “This is a serious concern to you, but sit’s none of my business. I can’t be bothered by it.” I’m so sorry, Mr Mouse sympa ahized the pig. “but I can do nothing but pray for you.” The mouse turned to the cow, who relpled,” Mr Mouse, a mouse trap? Am I in danger, Duh? “So the mouse returned to the house, head down and depressed to face the farmer’s mouse trap alone,”

That very night a sound was heard hroughout the house, like the sound of a mouse trap catchin g something. The farmer’s wife rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness, she didn’t see that it was a poisonous soake whose tail the trap had caught. The snake bit the farmer’s wife. So the farmer rushed her to hospital.

She returned home with a fever, Now everyone knows you treat a f ever with fresh chicken soup, so the farmer took his knife to the farmyard for the soup’s main ingrdient（成分）.

His wife’s sickness continued so that friends and neighboras came to sit with her around the clock. To feed them, the farmer butchered the pig. The farmer’s wife didn’t get well; in fact, she died, and so many people came for her funeral the farmer had the cow killed to provide meat for all of them to eat.

So next time you hear that someone is facing a problem and think it does not concern you, you are wr ong. 56．How did the mouse feel about the mouse trap? [来源:学*科*网]

A．Astonished. B．Eager. C．Scared. D．Sad.57．From what the chicken, the pig and the cow said, we can know that .

A．none of them was willing to help the mouseB．all of them were to busy to care for the trapC．they all thought “That’s not my problem.”D．they were not afraid of being caught

58．What lesson does the story teach us?A．If any of us is threatened, we’re all at risk.B．Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.C．A bird in hand is worth than two in the bush.D．A friend is never known till a man h as need

****************************************************结束B

You know the horse-riding events at the Olympics? Do the horses get medals?No they don’t, only the men and women.Men and women?That’s right. Equestrian is the only Olympic sport in which men and women compete against each other.Really?Yes, and it’s also the only Olympic sport, along with modern pentathlon（五项全能运动）, where humans

and animals compete together.Well, people have ridden horses since the beginning of time, haven’t they?

I don’t know but horses have played an important role in human history all over the world, in war and peace.And when did they start using horses for sport?Hard to say, but there were horses at the ancient Olym pics, in the chariot（战车） events.

Did anyone famous take part?Well, the Roman emperor Nero competed in the Games in A.D. 67. He nearly died when he raced a ten-horse

chariot. He also performed as an actor and a singer.Is that right? What about the modern Olympics? They don’t have chariot races nowadays, do they?

No, nor acting or singing, either. But equestrian first appeared in the modern Olympic programme in 1900. Nowadays there are three events: dressage, jumping, and eventing.

What’s the difference?Well, in dressage the rider guides the horse to make the natural movements that it does without thinking in the

wild. In jumping they jump over a series of obstacles（障碍） as fast as they can, and eventing is a combination of these, with cross-country jum ping as well.

It sounds to me like the horse should get the medal.I agree. How about Nautical, also known as Injun Joe? He not only competed at the Olympics, but also

starred in the Walt Disney film called “The Horse With The Flying Tail”. The film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film in 1960.

I bet they didn’t give the horse the Academy Award either.59．The passage is written mainly to . A．help you enjoy Equestrian at the Olympic Games

B．introduce the Roman comparer to youC．tell you who has got the horse riding medalsD．argue that horses should have won the medal

60．How many sports are there on the Olmypre programmed where men and women competes against each other?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.

61．How many things did the Roman empetor Nero do at the Games in AD 67?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.

62．What can audience enjoy in Equestrian at the modern Olympics?A．Men or women dressed differently.B．Horses jumping across the field fast.C．Riders walking without thinking.D．Actors or singers performing wildly.

**********************************************************结束C

LONDON ( Reuter)-- Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking（蜂拥而至） to see, according to researchers.

Biologists and conservationists are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.

"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard,” New Scientist magazine said.

The immediate effects researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates, or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see.

Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10-percent-30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union and some governments fear not all projects are audited (审计 ) and based on environmentally friendly policies, according to the magazine,

"The transmission(传播 ) of disease to wildlife, or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding ,"saida professor in New Zealand.

Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist b oats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.

Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.“The animals’ welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism,”said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auc kland in New Zealand.

63．What's the text mainly about?A．Many animals are dying because of lack of money.B．There will be no ecotourism without animals.C．Ecotourism could endanger the survival of the wildlife.D．More research should be done on ecotourism.

64．We may learn from the text that ____ .A．ecotourism must be developed properlyB．polar bears are losing weight without enough foodC．all the poor countries have stopped ecotourismD．money produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife

65．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?A．Many animals do not react well in their backyard..B．Polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.C．Ecotourism has been growing at about 10percent--30 percent a year.D．Studies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started. [来源:学+科+网]

66．What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that __ .A．high income, they must develop ecotourismB．animals have rights to live their own lifeC．animals are people’s good friendsD．people should take good care of wildlile

***************************************************结束[来源:Zxxk.Com]

D“Indeed,” Gorge Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug (虫子), had begun to hunt

on the leaves before I left home.” The father of our country was no the father of buy. When Washington wrote that sentence, Englishman had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and we Americans had already created Lightening buy. But the English were soon to get rid of the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The American bug could also be a person, an enthusiast or fanatic, as the Congress ional Globe records in 1841: “Mr Alford of Georgia warned the ‘tariff bugs’ of the South that…he would read them out of church.’” And although “fan” became the usual term, sports enthusiasts were raching bugs, basketball bugs, and the like. And a bug could be just a plain person with mental disease, confined（限制）to a bughouse.

Or the bug could be a small machine or object: a telegraph key; a clip used by a card sharp to hold cards under the table; even a car, the small, bug-shaped, trademarked Volkswagen beetel. The bug could also be burglar（防盗） alarm, from which comes the expression to buy, that is, originally “to fix an alarm”, now a surveillance device like a hidden microphone. Since the 1840s to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

We also know the bug as a fault in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back long before computers to the laboratory of inventor Thomas Edison In 1878 he explained bugs as “little fault and difficulties” that require “months of anxious watching, study and labor” to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering “a bug” in his phonograph（留声机）”

67．Who called insects as bugs in the 19th century? A．Th e Enlgish. B．The American.

C．Gorge Washington. D．The author’s father.68．The underlined words “surveillance device” in paragraph 3 most probably mean .

A．a new computer programmeB．a clip used by a card sharp to h old cards under the tableC．something helping hear others’ words on the phoneD．an alarm clock to walk you up

69．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A．How Edison found a bug. B．More meanings of bug.C．Computers have faults. D．Discovery costs patience.

70．From the passage we can infer tha t .A．Gorge Washington found the bug first.B．England is more developed than America.C．The English like animals.D．The author is an American.

参考答案[来源:Zxxk.Com]

2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 16：（答案）小试牛刀----------阅读理解

Sometimes life gets a little dull. What used to be fun and different becomes boring. That is the time to look

for something new. It is the time for a big idea to get your mind off everyday life. So why not search for

extraterrestrial (地球外的) intelligence? Or even better, why not get your computer to do it for you?

Over two million people have joined the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence（SETI）project. Based in

California, the SETI project analyzes information taken from a giant radio telescope based in South America. Its

task is to look for signals from outer space that might prove that life exists on other planets.

Processing this information is far too big a job for one comput er. So the SETI project workers divide the

work among volunteers who visit their website. Each computer gets some information to work out from the SETI

network through the Internet. This process is often known as “meta-computing”.

It is a wonderful thought. You are sleeping, eating a meal or going out with friends. All this time, your

computer is searching the stars for signs that might show something is out there trying to get in touch. Volunteers

are proud of being involved in the SETI project. It shows that they understand the potential (潜能) of computing.

They know that it is more than just a way of working or playing games.

Meta-computing may also be creating intelligence as well as looking for it. This idea is based on the theory

that human intelligence is created by th e way in which different parts of the brain communicate with each other.

As the saying goes, “The whole is more than the sum of its parts.” People who join the SETI project sometimes

wonder whether their computer will become part of a huge network that has learned to think for i tself.

60. According to the writer, meta-computing may be creating intelligence .

A. because human beings are intelligent B. because a computer works as the brain does

C. because of a network of many computers D. because of the number of computers

61. Which of the following shows the order in which the SETI network works?

A. Radio telescope→SETI website→Volunteers’ computer→SETI base

B. Radio telescope→SETI base→SETI website→Volunteers’ computer

C. SETI base→SETI website→Volunteers’ computers→Radio telescope

D. SETI base→Radio telescope→SETI website→Volunteers’ computers

62. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .

A. extra-terrestrial intelligence B. human intelligence

C. the SETI project D. meta-computing

63. The passage mainly tells us about .[来源:学&科&网 Z&X&X&K]

A. a new way to work on the computer

B. a new way to work and play games

C. a new way to search for life outside the earth

D. a new way to make life interesting and different

60、C BAC

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AThe engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivera,

he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.

By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.

Camilllo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and lat er he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employe d technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators (计算器 ). In 1959 it produced the ELLA computer system. This was the first mainframe (主机) computer designed and made in Italy.

After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.

In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group ---one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and service, and two for telecommunications.56. From the text we learn that__________.

A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a yearB. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950sC. some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in ItalyD. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning

57. What was probably the direct result of Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology?A. Adriano’s death. B. A period of financial problemC. Its faster progress. D. Its agreements wi th other companies

58. What do we know about Olivetti ?A. It produced the best typewriter in the word.B. It designed the word’s first mainframe computer.C. It exported more typewriter than other computer.D. It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.

59. The best title for the text would be___________.A. The Origin of Olivetti B. The Success of Olivetti C. The History of Olivetti D. The Production of Olivetti

参考答案 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C*********************************************************结束

BShakespeare’s Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakespeare’s World

Welcome to the world-famous house where William Shakespeare was born in l564 and where he grew up. The property (房产) remained in the ownership of Shakespeare’s family until 1806.The House has welcomed visitors traveling from all over the world, for over 250 years. Enter through the Visitors’ Centre and see the highly-praised exhibition◆ Shakespeare’s World, a lively and full introduction to the life and work of

Shakespeare. Stand in the rooms where Shakespeare◆ grew up. Discover examples of furniture and◆ needlework from Shakespeare’s period. Enjoy the traditional(◆ 传统的 ) English garden, planted with trees and flower mentioned in the poet’s works.[来源:Zxxk.Com]

The Birthplace is within easy walking◆ distance of all the car parks shown on the map; nearest is Windsor Street (3 minutes’ Walk).

The House may present difficulties but the◆ Visitors’ Centre, its exhibition, and the garden are accessible ( 可进入的 ) to wheelchair users.

The Shakespeare Coffee House(opposite the Birthplace). ◆60. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children？

A.￡9.80. B.￡12.00. C.￡14.20. D.￡16.40. 61. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare’s Birthplace？ A. Behind the exhibition hall. B. Opposite the Visitors’ Centre. C. At Windsor Street. D. Near the Coffee House. 62. A wheelchair user may need help to enter ____________. A. the House B. the garden

C. the Visitors’ Centre D. the exhibition hall

参考答案 60. B 61. C 62. A

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Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.

Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.

This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided t o take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.

Harry Morrison, chief executive (主管) of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes: “I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking----we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”

Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放) . Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumer s are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.

The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted (授予) the standard, they can use a logo (标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.63. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.

64. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.

A. affect B. change C. disturb D. reject65. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .

A. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers B. will benefit from cutting carbon emission C. are required to make up for their carbon emissionsD. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

66. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .A. have a strong desire to reduce costsB. use the same logo in their marketingC. gain advantages by taking early actionD. attract more shoppers by storing goods

参考答案 63. D 64. A 65. B 66. C

***************************************************结束[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

DFor many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like

a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped[来源:Zxxk.Com]

In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly aris e between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is----politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg----the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority----someone who actually knows something ---- and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress. 67. Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?

A. Both can continue for generations.B. Both are about where to draw the line. C. Neither has any clear winner. D. Neither can be put to an end.

68. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict. [来源:学&科&网 Z&X&X&K]

C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them. D. The teens tend to ha ve a full understanding of their parents.

69. Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ___________.A. give orders to the other B. know more than the other C. gain respect from the other D. get the other to behave properly

70. What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. B. Examples of the parent-teen war. C. Future of the parent-teen relationship. D. Solutions for the parent-teen problems.

参考答案 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. D

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2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练 17：（答案）小试牛刀--------阅读理解

Air quality in Shanghai worsened last week com pared with the previous week, according to the latest report

from the Shanghai Environment Monitoring Centre.

The average air pollution index (API) for sulphur dioxide (SO2) remain almost unchanged from the previous

week, but the APIs for nitrogen oxide (NOx) and total suspended (悬浮 ) particles (TSP) rose by 35 and 27

percent. The overall quality still belonged to class 2 category. Nitrogen oxide, caused mainly by vehicle exhaust

and burning of cooking gas, was still the major pollutant of the week.

The Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre operates six automatic air monitors in the city’s Putuo,

Yangpu, Luwan, Hongkou, Jing’an and Xuhui districts.

API

140

120

100[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]

80

60

40[来源:学#科#网]

20[来源:学*科*网 Z*X*X*K]

[来源:学。科。网]

[来源:学科网 ZXXK]

NOX

SO2

TSP

0 12 13 14 15 16 17 18(October)

0-50: excellent 51-100: good 101-200: slight pollution

201-300: medium pollution 301-400: heavy pollution

64. Judging from the chart, on which day was the air quality the worst?

A. October 13. B. October 14. C. October 17. D. October 18.

65. Which of the following can be used to describe the air quality of the week?

A. Good B. Seriously polluted. C. Excellent. D. Slightly polluted.

66. Six automatic air monitors are operated in the city except ________.

A. Putuo District B. Xuhui District C. Chang’an District D. Hongkou District

67. In Shanghai, nitrogen oxide mainly comes from ________.

A. the burning natural gas B. the burning cooking gas

C. the burning coal D. dust raised by vehicles

64、BA CB

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AJoe and Helen Mills had two small children. One was six and the other four. They always refused to go to bed, and Helen was always complaining (抱怨) about this and asking Joe for help. But as he did not come home until after they had gone to bed during the week, he was unable to help except at weekends. Joe considered himself a good singer, but really his voice was not at all musical. However, he decided that, if he sang to the children when they went to bed, it would help them to relax, and they would soon go to sleep. He did this every Saturday and Sunday night until he heard his small son whispered to his younger sister, “If you pretend that you’re asleep, he will stop.”56. The children always refused to go to bed, which_______. .A. made Helen happy a lot B. satisfied their mother C. Helen was not satisfied with D. gave Helen much encouragement. 57. The husband couldn’t help the wife to look a fter the children_______. .A. because he returned from work too tired B. since his voice sounded like a singer’s C. except on Saturday and SundayD. for he did not like his children..58. Which of the following conclusions(结论) can we draw from the above story?A. Joe’s song did help the children to relax.B. With Joe’s help, the children went to sleep.C. The wife must be thankful to her husband for the great help.D. The children wer e so tired of their father’s voice that they pretended to be asleep.

*************************************************************结束B

It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually did. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone. The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货）, saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live. I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrot e to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity（人性）as a whole. And it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting. 59．Why was the bike so important to the couple?A．The man’s job was bike r acing. B．It was their only posse ssion.C．It was a nice Kona 18 speed. D．They used it for work and daily life.60．We can infer from the text that ____________. A．the couple worked 60 hours a week. B．people were busy before Christmas C．the stranger brought over the bike D．life was hard for the young family.61．How did people get to know the couple’s problem? A．From radio broadcasts. B．From a newspaper. C．From TV news. D．From a stranger.62．What do the couple learn from their experience? A．Strangers are usually of little help. B．One should take care of their bike. C．News reports make people famous. D．An act of kindness can mean a lot.

*************************************************************结束C

More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple. The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1966, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves. The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a

lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variet y, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple. In nutrition（营养） it was all good news too. This nice tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. Peop le were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater. Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep market to itself. But other fruit com panies argued successfully that Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out the market.63．We learn from the text that the new type at pineapple is __________.A．green outside and sweet inside B．good-looking outside and soft insideC．yellowy-gold outside and hard inside D．a little soft outside and sweet inside64．Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?A．It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice. B．It was less sweet and good for health.C．It was developed by Del Monte. D．It was used as medicine.65．The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 p robably refers to something _________.A．that people enjoy eating B．that is always present C．that is difficult to get D．that people use as a gift66．We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte _________.A．slowed other companies to develop pineapplesB．succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itselfC．tried hard to control the pineapple marketD．planned to help the other companies

***************************************************************结束D

Share flat　Nice flat .The other room ready for immediate use , quiet an d convenient , fully furnished (家具齐全), park view .　　$45 per week including bills of phone and power. Female, non-smoker .No pet.　　Helen, 25760435 or 24760454Sale　　Armchairs, a set of 4 red / brown, $160;　　A coffee table, black, fine w ood, $20;　　An oil painting , by a modern artist , sailing boat in the rain , $150；　　A Turkish carpet, dark blue, $320;

　　A fridge, big, double doors, $350;　　Old books, $10, each.　　Tel: weekday: 572220614;　　Weekend: 572225117 Part-time Laboratory Assistant Wanted　　 Needed by busy electronics company to help with the development of a computer .Should have an electronics BC degree or above and practical experience.　　Time: 2:30 pm - 6:00 pm Monday - Thursday .　　Pay dependent on education and experience.　　Letters of application (申请信) to W illiam Coles, Nowa Electronics ,31-32 , Woodfone RD, Depletton .67. W hat does Helen wa nt to do?A. She wants to find another lady to share the flat.B. She wants to share her room with a lady who has no pet.C. She wants to rent out her own room at $45 per week. D. She wants to find a flat with a park view.68. If you phone 572225117 at the weekend, what can you buy? A .a fridge for only $320 B. a coffee table which is made of fine wood. C. an armchair for $160 D. 6 books that you like for $7069. If you get a job at Nowa Electronics, What will be possible? A .You will work 4 afternoons per week B. You will work 3.5 hours every week. C .You will be paid just according to yo ur education. D. You will be paid just according to your experience70.If you want to buy the dark blue carpet and fridge, how much should you pay? A. $320 B. $350 C. $570 D. $670参考答案

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2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练18：（答案）小试牛刀-------------阅读理解

The terrible college entrance exam is not only a big challenge (挑战) for Chinese high school students, but

also a very important exam in the lives of South Korean students.

Although the long, cold winter has already started in South Korea, the annual (一年一度的) national exams

have made the atmosphere very heated.

More than 675,000 South Korean high school graduates took the college entrance exam last Wednesday. They

usually take exams in Korean, maths, sociology (社会学), history and foreign languages.

Officially there is one college place for every 1.33 students. But because all the students want to go to the top

universities in the country, the competition can reach one place for 10 students. The students want to attend these

colleges for both their famous names and better job opportunities.

Because students face fierce competition, they have to study very hard to realize their dreams. Park Seung said

he and his classmates often go to school before 7:30 a.m. After school has finished at 6:30 p.m., most of them go

to the library to continue their study instead of returning home. Since many libraries in South Korea are open 24

hours a day, they often stay long into the night. Many of the Senior 3 students only sleep for three to four hours a

day. “I feel a lot of pressure, but I have to study very hard in order to make my dream come true. This is my

lifetime goal and it will be a turning point in my life which could decide my future,” Park said.

The exam day is a very serious day for the whole of South Korea. Vehicles are not allowed within a 200-metre

radius (范围) of all the test sites to make sure the students have quiet surroundings. Tooting (吹奏) of horns is

forbidden, even airpla nes are ordered to avoid landing and take-off near the test sites during listening

comprehension test hours.

Students are told their scores in December before they apply for college. This is followed by face-to-face oral

tests. There are public and private universities in South Korea. Many private universities are well-known, but their

fees can be 18, 000 yuan each term. This has made a lot of students think again.

68. We can infer that there are almost ________ college places for high school graduates.

A. 675, 000 B. 507, 520 C. 500, 000 D. 600, 000

69. The students want to study in top colleges mainly because ________.

A. they can succeed more easily in future B. they can learn more

C. they can make more money D. it is interesting to study there

70. Before students are allowed to colleges ________.

A. they will be interviewed [来源:学*科*网 Z*X*X*K]

B. they will ask questions of colleges

C. they will not be tested any more

D. first they will pay all the education fee at all

68、BAA

********************************************************结束**************************************结束[来源:学|科|网]

[来源:学科网]

A Country singer and songwriter Adrienne Young brings together music and agricultural activities．She even included seeds in the album cover of her first CD． Adrienne Young wants people to know that she supports the movement in America to increase local farming．She offers information about agricultural issues on her Web site．And now part of the money from her third and newest release, “Room to Grow”，will be donated to help support community gardens． Adrienne Young’s family has lived in Florida for seven generations． Her ancestors helped develop the agriculture industry there．The state of Florida is the nation’s second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, 'after California． Adrienne Young has said that her interest in nature was shaped by the fact that she did not grow up on a farm．She grew up in a house her grandfather build on what had been farmland two generati ons ago．But the land was developed and was now part of a highway． Adrienne Young has teamed up with two organizations that support local farming and gardening efforts．One is the American Community Gardening Association．The other is FoodRoutes，a group she has represented for several years． FoodRoutes says buying locally grown food is not only about taste and freshness．The g roup says buying locally also helps to strengthen local economies and protect the environment．Exports say food in the United States travels all average of more than three thousand kilometers from farm to store．56．The aim to write the passage is to _________ ． A．tell us a singer aims to grow interest in local farming

B．show Adrienne Young promotes her third CD album C．praise Adrienne Young for her contributions to agriculture D．call on singers to learn from Adrienne Young57. Adrienne Young supports to increase local farming in _______ ways． A．two B．three C．four D．five58．It can be learned from the passage that ________ ． A．Adrienne Young’s parents used to be farmers

B．Adrienne Young grew up on a farm C．Florida is good for farming

D．no old houses existing on the farm belongs to Adrienne Young59. Buying locally grown food has many advantages EXCEPT _________ ． A．it is fresh B．it’s tasty

C．it’s environmental protection D．it raises local production

参考答案 56—59 AACD ******************************************************结束

B　　　There was a story many years ago of a school teacher--- Mrs. Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. He didn’t play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him. Then Mrs. Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs. Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when, like all her other students, Teddy brought her a Christmas present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香水)。 Teddy said, “Mrs. Thompson, today you smell just like my Mom used to.” After the children left she cried for at least an hour. On that very day, she stopped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began to teach children. Mrs. Thompson paid particular attention to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to come alive. The more she encourage him, the faster he improved. By the end of the sixth grade, Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class. Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he had finished high school, third in his class, and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs. Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed, Theodore F. Stoddard, M. D.(医学博士). The story doesn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr. Stoddard whispered in Mrs. Thompson’s ear, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson, for believing in me. You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference.”

Mrs. Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispered back, “Teddy, you have it all wrong. You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you.”60. What did Mrs. Thompson do on the first day of school?

A. She made Teddy feel ashamed.B. She asked the children to play with Teddy.C. She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.D. She told the class something untrue about herself.

61. What did Mrs. Thompson find out about Teddy?A. He often told lies. B. He was good at math. C. He needed motherly care. D. He enjoyed playing with others.

62. In what way did Mrs. Thompson change? A. She taught fewer school subjects. B. She became stricter with her students. C. She no longer liked her job as a teacher. D. She cared more about educating students.63. Why did Teddy thank Mrs. Thompson at his wedding? A. She had kept in touch with him. B. She had given him encouragement. C. She had sent him Christmas presents. D. She had taught him how to judge people. [来源:Z。xx。k.Com][来源:Zxxk.Com]

参考答案 60—63 DCDB*******************************************************结束

C Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important in formation that should be included, he can give you a false picture. For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!” This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser! He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest. Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手 ) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well. 64. How much did the lottery winner lose? A. One hundred dollars. B. Two hundred dollars. C. Three hundred dollars. D. Four hundred dollars.65. We may infer that the author believes people should _______. A. buy lottery tick ets

B. make use of half-truthsC. not take anything at face valueD. not trust the Yucky Company

66. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. final increase B. big advantage C. large share D. total saving67. What can we kno w from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?

A. False statements are easy to see through.B. Half-truths are often use d to mislead people.C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.D. Advertisements are based on facts.

参考答案 64—67 ACAB ********************************* ***********************结束

D

Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of

chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when yo u choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.

Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a m ore varied diet（多样化饮食） . The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of th ese animals will be different depending on the season.

Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too m uch sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an a rea of study in modern life.

68. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.

A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food

C. choose food in similar ways D. eat entirely different food

69. Which of the following eats only one type of food?

A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.

C. The bear. D. The fox.

70. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.

A. food is chosen for a good reason

B. French and British food is good

C. some people have few choices of food

D. some people care little about healthy diet

参考答案 68—70 CAD *******************************************************结束

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down.ewteacher.comdown.ewteacher.com/upload/2013-02/201302201448408… · Web view2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练01：阅读理解解题步骤 小试牛刀----------阅读理解

down.ewteacher.comdown.ewteacher.com/upload/2013-02/201302201448408… · Web view2013高考英语二轮复习讲义（阅读理解）及训练01：阅读理解解题步骤小试牛刀----------阅读理解