8,5

MAYNARD KEYNES307

Keynes 1936

. Keynes - ^ . : _; , Keynes - ,

1929.

. Keynes, :

, -

. , ,

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: , . -

. , , xr/ - ; , Keynes

: . ', , - :> , , p c .

Keynes, fc - ipeter (1954) Heilbroner (2000). Schackle f!-*:- ) Pigou (1933).

233

, Keynes ; . 1925 \ a s. . .~ ? * 308, , . . 1929. us George ~ , . : . ' . ; Keynes, , .

^ Keynes : - , :: ~ . , axfr 30' - : c.~ .310

Keynes, : ;: .311 , 1" , _: * .

Keynes Say, , , : ~ Say, , , , .:

308 -.; m .309 Keynes, J. ., (1936), . -.310 , . viii.311 Keynes, J. .,

8 . 5

. , . .

Keynes Say , , , , , , . Keynes , , , . , , 31 , . , , .

, Keynes, , , . , . , , , , . , , , .314

, , Keynes, , - - . , . .315

, , Keynes ...[ ] . .316

313 .314 Keynes General Theory , .315 Keynes, J. ., (1936), . 31.316 , . 141.

235

8.5

- - . ' , , , . - . Keynes, 19 , , . .317 , . , . 1929 , , .

: , - . , , , , , . . .. , . , . Keynes, ' .318 , ( , .

Keynes , ." , , . , , , , , - .

317 , . 380.318 , . 267.319 , . 374.

8.5

, , Keynes, .320 , . , - .

John Maynard Keynes (1883 -1946) John Maynard Keynes Cambridge 1883.

1908

Cambridge. ,

. Econom ic

Consequences of the Peace 1919

A Tract on Monetary Reform 1923 . , A Treatise on Money 1930 General Theory 1936.

.

Keynes,

-

. , -

,

Hicks --

.

.

Keynes .

320 ., . 377.

8.6

1944-89'-' 1944-1989

. 70 . , 1973-1978 . , _ ' .

' . 40 , . , , . / / .

Keynes. . . .

, , . . . 1948-52 13 11,8 . ' .

, - , . 1944 Bretton Woods

321 Hobsbawm (2002), Perry & Tobin (2000) Winch (1972)., Maddison (2000).

8 . 6

. . , . . . , , GATT .

25 1950 1975 . () 3,8% .

, . (.. , , , ). 25 , . , . , , , . , , - .

. Bretton Woods , . , .

1973 1978 .

239

8.6

. , 1971, Bretton Woods. .

1977-89 : - ( ) . , , . .: ; , : . , , , , .

. . 1990, , . , ', .

8,7

' . , - , - - , , . , 70 - . , 60.

() 1958. () 1951, , . , , . - (1.1.2008) .

1985, , . 1962 (). . , . , (FEOGA) .

241

8 . 7

1980 80% . , . , - , .

- - , , . , , . 1975 1979 . , - .

1992 , . , , . , - 3% 60% . . . , , ,, .

. . , ,

8 . 7

, , . - .

243

1973-1979 * 322 , Milton Friedm an323 Friedrich August von Ha M argaret Thatcher Ronald Reagan , --^ .

Milton Friedm an . .

, . > . (real balance effect).

, , . , . , *..- , , - , - . .

322 ~ . Hicks (1974), Leijonhufvud (1968). - (1990).323 Friedman Friedm an & Schwarz (1963). F ried m i' (1957), Friedman (1960), Friedman (1967) Friedman (1969). Friedman (1953) . .

i s g s s masmm msmsmmi !EmmmSvmM:msssnm. 'Wmmrn 8 . 8

. , , , , , , .

, , , . , , .324

Milton Friedman (1912 - 2007) Milton Friedman 1912 . 1950-1990 - . - Friedman . (money matters) . , . Friedman . 1976 Nobel 80. Friedman .

R obert Lucas . .

. .

324 , , Friedman Friedman (1962) Friedman & Friedman (1990).

8 . 8

. . - , . - . . - . : , . , , - .

, , , ; .

, . : (natural rate) . , * ( ) . , . - , , .

; 1990. , : . , -. .

Friedrich A. von Hayek, \ . . Hayek , : . -

8 . 8

;-.: * ' | a a p B a r m sani - - ; - : r :: : e x : - *. :: _ .. : ~ - s f m m r x :... : .. ~ : - ; c :_ , . *_ ._ _. - s c w n r i w* __ . : : - - .-e c jc i. Hayek r ; - - ~ > - : _ : -" .325

^.. - : : jo t \ : Hayek :.-. : ea. : : :~. 30, Keynes ; - ? : . . , Hayek, , .. , .326 \ :. : .- , . : . ~ w - . ;7' : .: : : ;. Hayek - . - - - , - . . . . - . : - - . '. ctcu ; .: ; . .

Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899 - 1992)O Friedrich Hayek 8 1899 . , . 1930 . . . . Friedman, Hayek . ~ '80. , .^ . % r-_ o t t o ohcovo^'kt 3~> .

Hayek '3( . 'S . , - ; - . , . . & || . , .~ : ~ . ; - . * , .

8,9

80. , ' 1929. , , . , Maynard Keynes, ' . , 70, . , , 1973 1978, , , . , Milton Friedm an Friedrich A. von Hayek , . 90 .

1989 , , . . > . - , , . . , , . . , .

9.1

9.1.1 - 1913

Henry Ford ( ) (1863-1947) (assembly line) . , 1913, 250 ( 76 ) 5 50 . 1 30 .327 . :> 4.000 , 1916 360 .328

Ford . , F.W. Taylor (. ) 1911 (The Principles o f Scientific Management). , .

, , :* * * .

, :

,

.

3^ 7 Michael Best, (1990), The New Competition, , Polity Press, . 55.328 , . 71.

9.1

. , , . .

, :'

, ,

-** 329.

1945 - .330 J. . Keynes (. . )331 , , - . , . (, , , , , . , , , .

-

329 . Lipietz, Alain, (1987), Mirages and Miracles, , Verso, . 29-41, , A. - , A., (1996), . , Gutenberg, . 31-46.330 ' 20" , , .3jl John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946). , 20 . ' . The Economic Consequences o f the Peace , , . The General Theory o f Employment, Interest and Money, o Keynes , .

9 . 1

. - . , , , , (. 9.3). . , , , . ( 60 1,5%) (, , , ..) .332

, Hobsbawm : ... , ,

laissez- faire . - , , - - . ... [ ] . , ... , .. -

, . ( ). , , .334

,

332 Hobsbawm, Eric, (1997), , , , .331 337.333 , . 349,361.

Berstein, Serge, (2001),, 20 , , , . 264-265 270-271.

257

9.1

' . , , (.), .335

9.1.2

336 - 1973. Bretton Woods 197], - ( . . )337 1973 1978, 5 . , ()338 .

, . 1970 . , ./ . , (, ) . , (Industrial Reorganisation Corporation, IRC) 1968 . 1971, -

335 , , (2004), ; . , . 115.336 , Hobsbawm, Eric,(1997), ., . 329-36".33' Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).3,s , .. , , , . , , , . Hobsbawm "' , , . [...] , - , Eric Hobsbawm, (2000), 21"' , , . , . 79.

:

9,3

1945

1990 Esping-Andersen .

, . , 1960 1970. -, , - , . .366

' , , . Beveridge ( )367 1942 . , Beveridge , , , , .

- ( 9.1). , , ( , , , .) - . 70 , -

1 Esping-Andenea. Gesta. (20061. Ok { , , -' 1 - - _ - . : ' .. : - _ - : : . ; - : ' J

9. 3

, , - , . 60% - n (, , , . . : - , ).368

f : , . * . , : . , , , - . ; ~ : , : (, , ) (). : : : ( : , , ).

9.3.1

) 5 Esping-Andersen (1990) The three worlds: ' welfare capitalism.369 ^r- , : (.. - , ). c~. - (citizenship), , . , , : - - ( , : , ) '),- : crv: - . : - (decommodification) :

, , c~ -

, .. -

368 Hobsbawm, Eric, (1997), .., .364.369 Esping-Andersen,, G., (1990), ..

9 .3

--. Esping-Andersen .370 -

: ()

Esping-Andersen . (, , ) . (path-dependency) (.. , , ) .371 , , Esping-Andersen, - - | 70 .372

9.3.1.1 (, , , )

, ' , :

' ,

, ,

1 .

370 , , . . , . . Esping-Andersen, G., (1999), Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies, , Oxford University Press, . 35.371 Esping-Andersen, G., (1990) .., . 26-29 .^-, G ,(1999), .. .74-92.372 Esping-Andersen, G., (1999), ..,. 87.

269

9 . 3

, - , . : . , - :

, , : () 373 () \ , .

9.3.1.2 374(, , , ,

:

,

, .

(), - . , . , : , , .

(.. )

373 1996 .374 . .

9 .3

. - tow . , , , .375

9.3.1.3 ( , , . )376

:' -

(means-tested) ....... -

.

- . ^ . - - .

, , , , .377

375 Esping-Andersen, G., (1996), Welfare States without Work G. Esping-Andersen (.) (1996), Welfare States in Transition. National adaptations in global economies,, , Sage, . 66-87, Jet Bussemaker Kees van Kersbergen, (1999), Contemporary Social Capitalist Welfare States and Gender Inequality, Sainsbury, D. (.), Gender and Welfare State Regimes, , Oxford University Press, .15-48.376 , ( . F. Castels (.), (1993), Families o f nations: patterns o f public policy in Western democracies, Vernon/Adershot, Dartmouth.377 Esping-Andersen, G., (21996) After the Golden Age? Welfare State Dilemmas in a Global Economy G. Esping-Andersen (.) (1996), .., a. 16-17, John Myles, (1996), When Markets Fail: social welfare in Canada and the United states, G. Esping-Andersen (.) (1996), .., . 116-140.

271

9.3

9.3.2 (, , , )

. ; a .378 : ;

() ;::

(, ), [ , , )

, , :

.379

; (.. ) ;-* - , . .380

, . Ferrera (- , ) , - .381

3/8 Ferrera, Maurizio, The Southern Model of Welfare in Social E urope, Journal of European Social Policy, 6,1, (1996), .17-37, Maurizio Ferrera, (2000), Reconstructing the welfare state in Southern Europe in S. Kuhnle (.), Survival o f the European Welfare State, , Sage, 2001. . 166-181., Rossana Trifiletti, Southern European Welfare Regimes and the Worsening Position of Women, Journal o f European Social Policy. 9 ,1, (1999), .49-64.,79 Ferrera, Maurizio, (1996), .., Ferrera, Maurizio, (2000), .., , , (1999) Welfare Policies in Greece since the Early 1980s, , Centro de Estudos Socialis. 148, , , , Social Assistance in Southern Europe: the case of Greece revisited , Journal o f European Social Policy, 10,1, (2000), . 68-80,. Esping-Andersen, G, (1999), o.r:.380 , , , (2004), o l ~\, , .381 Ferrera, Maurizio, (2000), .. Ferrera, Maurizio, (.) (2005), Welfare State Reform in Southern Europe. Fighting Poverty and Social Exclusion in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal. , Routledge.

9 .3

9.3.3 Esping-A ndersen

. . : ,

, -

, , . ,

, . - , , , , , , . - , , .382

, - . . , .383

, Esping-Andersen .

382 Anneli A nttonen Jorm a Sipila, European Social Care Services: is it possible to identify models?, Journal of European Social Policy, 6, 2, (1996), a. 87-100 Meyers, Marcia - Gornick Janet - Ross, Katherin, (1999), Public Childcare, Parental Leave, and Employment D. Sainsbury (.) Gender and Welfare State Regimes, , Oxford University Press, . 117-146 Lewis, Jane, (1998) Social Care in the Context of Welfare State Restructuring, Conference Paper WS/15, European Forum, European University Institute, , Diane Sainsbury, (1999), Gender and Social Democratic Welfare States D. Sainsbury, Gender and Welfare State Regimes, , Oxford University Press, .75-114.383 O Connor, Julia, G ender, class and citizenship in the com parative analysis of welfare state - regimes: theoretical and methodological issues, The British Journal o f Sociology, 44, 3, (1993), .501- 518 Orloff, Ann Shola, (1996), G ender and the W elfare S tate, 1996/79, Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones, - Orloff, Ann Shola, Gender and the social rights of citizenship: the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states, American Sociological Review, 58, 3, (1993), .303-328 OConnor, Julia - Orloff, Ann-Shola - Sheila, Shaver (1999), States, Markets, Families, , Cambridge University Press.

273

9.3

(familization) - (de-familization) -. : : . . , - .384

384 Esping-Andersen, G., (1999), .., . 50-70.