Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
中国水产流通与加工协会 CAPPMA
崔 和
CUI HE 2017.06.06 Seattle
1. Status of China’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors
China contributes to
more than 1/3 of
global seafood
production;
Growth rate will be
slowing down or
declining in the
future;
Profit rises with
quantity decreases;
Small-scale
producers unite to
form cooperatives
adopting unified
standards.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
产量
Figure: Trend of national seafood
production(1986-2016)
海洋捕捞产量 内陆捕捞产量 海水养殖产量 内陆养殖产量 远洋捕捞
The current development status of China’s fishery industry
Marine fishing
19%
Inland fishing
3%
Marine
aquaculture
29%
Inland
aquaculture
46%
Pelagic fishing
3%
The production structure in 2016 is
75% aquaculture (46% freshwater aquaculture, 29% marine Aquaculture)
and 25% fishing (19%inshore fishing, 3%long distant water fishing
and 3% inland fishing)
Contribution of Aquaculture (above) and Fisheries in China’s Seafood Production
In 2016, the fishing in seafood production is 25.48% and 74.52%.in aquaculture.
The fishing production will decrease in the future.
Therefore, the proportion of aquaculture in the total production will be higher.
56 56 58 60
62 64 64 66 67 68 69 69.7 70.8 71.3 71.8 72.7
73.58
73.49
73.71
74.52
44 44 42 40 38 36 36
34 33 32 31 30.3 29.2
28.7
28.2
27.3
26.42
26.51
26.29
25.48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
养殖（％） 捕捞（％）
Landing of China’s Domestic Marine Fisheries
Change of Species Composition in landing Yellow Sea as Example
According to the monitoring result of the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, yields of most traditionally commercially valuable species have been in continuous decline, yet small but more reproductive species of low commercial value are dominating the landings. Food web of the Yellow Sea large marine ecosystem is under dramatic change.
1986.05
Engraulis japonicus
60%
Enchelyopus elongatus
5%
Pampus argenteus
4%
Loligo japonica
4%
Lophius litulon
3%
Raja porosa
1%
Others
12%
Pseudosciaena polyactis
1%
Crangon affinis
2%
Conger myriaster
1%
Cleisthenes herzensteini
7%
星康吉鳗 小黄鱼
其它 孔鰩
脊腹褐虾
黄鮟鱇
日本枪乌贼
银鲳
长绵鳚
高眼鲽
日本鳀鱼
星康吉鳗
脊腹褐虾
小黄鱼
其它
高眼鲽
黄鮟鱇
戴氏赤虾
中华安乐虾
细纹狮子鱼
双斑蟳
方氏云鳚
Current Status of China’s Aquaculture Sector
75%
10%
7%
6% 2%
海水养殖类别比例 Main groups of marine aquaculture
贝类 藻类 甲壳类 鱼类 其他
Mollusk
Algae
Crustacean Fin Fish
88%
9%
1%
2%
淡水养殖类别比例 Main groups of freshwater aquaculture
鱼类 甲壳类 贝类 其他
Fin Fish
Crustacean
Trophic Pyramid of China’s Aquaculture Sector
50%
42%
8%
滤食性种类 Filter and detritus
feeders
杂食性
Carnivorous
草（藻）食性 Herbivorous
肉食性
Omnivorous
2. Challenges and Opportunities
• Overexploitation of marine fishery resources;
• How to prohibit illegal fishing;
• How to reduce proportion of juvenile fish in harvest;
• educe the mortality of juveniles of large commercial species in forage fisheries；
• Improve breeding of aquaculture species;
• Regulate use of anti-biotics and chemicals in aquaculture;
• Plan aquaculture development based on the principle of human-nature harmony.
Challenges and Opportunities
Internal cause of transition: market driving • Aquatic products are among the most intensively traded food items. With the
slowdown of global economy, it is hard to increase the export volume, thus producers need to pay more attention to domestic market needs. As the competitive strength of Chinese aquatic products in international trade going down, enterprises are adapting their business strategies to take care of both domestic and global markets.
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
10,000 Ton
Year
The quantity of export and import seafood trading
Export volume Import volume
Challenges and Opportunities
External cause of transition: environmental pressure
• Requirement from stricter environmental regulations;
• Stronger policies for conservation of natural resources;
• Quality improvement and efficiency lifting, quantity reducing and profit increasing – the goal for green development.
Challenges and Opportunities Priority of China’s fishery management reform: ensure the
sustainable use of marine fishery resources • Nationwide harvest control - setting up an upper limit the total harvestable volume
of marine living resources
• Double control: control the total number of vessels; control the total engine power
• Reduce fishing capacity by retiring 20,000 motorized fishing vessels with a total engine power of 1,500 megawatt.
• Limit the total annual landing of marine fisheries to 10 million tons by 2020 – a 3 million ton reduction from 13 million in 2015).
• Increase the number and size of Marine Protected Areas.
• Promote stock enhancement and marine ranching.
• Select a few fisheries to test Total Allowable Catch (based on maximum sustainable yield) oriented management pilot.
• One-month extension of the 3-month Summer Fishing Moratorium across waters under Chinese jurisdiction since 2017.
Challenges and Opportunities
Transformation and upgrading of aquaculture sector:
an inevitable choice towards sustainability
• Develop and upscale “traditional ecological culture” (integrated multiple trophic aquaculture)
• Encourage land-based industrialized aquaculture
• Moving from coastal to offshore, with big deep-water net pen replacing smaller ones
• From small individual family business to enterprises
• Support the development of replicable model enterprises and areas to guide nation-wide paradigm shift.
• Improve breeding of major commercial aquaculture species
• Adjust the structure of aquaculture species to meet changing market demands
• Support Chinese aquaculture enterprises going global under the Belt and Road Initiative
• A more sustainable aquaculture industry emerging in China with global influence
Roadmap of China’s Seafood Industry’s “Going-Global” under Belt and Road Initiative
Thanks
oceanoutcomes.org
Sustainable
fishery projects
in China
Jocelyn Drugan
Analytics Team Director
Zhangzhou Red Swimming Crab Resource
Sustainable Management Project
美国国家渔业协会蟹业理事会
志愿者、中国项目协调员 China Coordinator
陈俊豪 Ian Chen
Ocean Outcomes
中国项目主管 China Director
王松林
Songlin Wang
oceanoutcomes.org
美国国家渔业协会蟹业理事会简介 About the National Fisheries Institute Crab Council
The NFI Crab Council is an association of U.S. seafood (crab-focused) companies under the National
Fisheries Institute.
Council members collectively represent ~85% of blue swimming crab products imported into the US
market.
Since 2009, the Crab Council has practiced industry led stewardship, influencing crab management
through funding fisheries improvement projects and market leadership.
Throughout five Asian countries (China, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines), we sponsor
sustainability projects to preserve crab as a popular, plentiful seafood item as well as an important
economic resource for dependent livelihoods. In collaboration with in-country partners and key
stakeholders, the Crab Council develops practical sustainability measures that
address fishery needs through scientific, social and financial channels.
oceanoutcomes.org
Fishery Profile
Target area: Taiwan-Minnan Bank (fishing
ground) and Zhangzhou Municipality (fishing
and processing hub)
Target species: Red swimming crab (Portunus
haanii) and Three-spotted swimming crab
(Portunus sanguinolentus)
Total annual landing：over 60,000 tons of
crabs, RSC 70% and TSC 15%. 7,300 tons to US
market
Vessels and gear types: ~1,000 vessels using
bottom trawl and ~80 vessels using cage
oceanoutcomes.org
Sustainable Crab Project Development Milestones
2012-13 Study on crab
fishery sustainability
2013 MSC pre-
assessment, Red Crab
Working Group
2014-16 Second MSC
pre-assessment
2016 Sustainable
management project launch &
meeting
Fishery Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture
Fujian Provincial Ocean and Fishery
Department
Zhangzhou Municipal Ocean and Fishery Bureau
Dongshan County Government
Partner fisheries research
institutes, potentially Chinese Academy of Fishery
Sciences and Shanghai Ocean University
(FIP Coordination, Scientific and technological support, and management & market
solutions)
Zhangzhou and Dongshan fishermen’s associations
(Participate in and facilitate compliance of laws &
management measures, as well as supporting
sustainable purchase policies, self-regulating…)
Zhangzhou Aquatic
Products Processing and Marketing Association
(ZAPPMA) (FIP Coordination,
market solutions, and advocacy for governance
and management measures)
Key FIP Stakeholders
The Mission of the Zhangzhou Marine Red Swimming Crab
Resource Sustainable Management Project is to improve the
management of crab stocks (represented by the RSC and TSC)
in the Minnan-Taiwan Bank fishing ground to a sustainable
level. Participating organizations will explore scientific,
political & legislative and market-based solutions to help
realize a future where a prosperous seafood industry exists in
harmony with a healthy and productive marine ecosystem.
Challenges
Many obstacles to sustainable management relate to data deficiencies in the fishery:
• Basic catch by species and area data is lacking, limited information on stock abundance, no
management reference points and irregular assessment of status.
• Harvest strategies, particularly species-specific harvest control rules, are generally lacking:
• Clear indications that processable-sized crabs (CW>=8cm) in the catch have declined -
acknowledged by both processors and fishermen;
• Non-selective bottom trawls w/poorly regulated small mesh sizes - seabed and secondary species
impacts ;
• Only effective management tool is the summer fishing moratorium - a 3-month annual closure for
most fisheries; processors support extending length of closure to allow more crabs to reach
maturity/commercially valuable size.
oceanoutcomes.org
项目初步设计思路和建议 Preliminary Project Design and Recommendations
oceanoutcomes.org
1. Under leadership of government authority of all levels, improve stock status
monitoring and catch statistics of target species, understand fundamental reasons
causing decline of resource, and work with fishermen, scientists, processors and traders
to explore solutions.
(1) Strict regulation of mesh size;
(2) Extend Summer Fishing Moratorium to August 31 – in coordination with the
regulation of the neighboring Zhejiang Province.
项目初步设计思路和建议 Preliminary Project Design and Recommendations
oceanoutcomes.org
2. Take advantages of national and provincial policies encouraging fisheries
management reform, make RSC a national management pilot to leverage support from
government at all levels;
3.Develop market-based encouragement and leverage based on consensus of NFI CC,
CAPPMA and ZAPPMA;
4.Monitor Phase I process and develop Phase II project based on progress, lessons and
experience.
项目初步设计思路和建议 Preliminary Project Design and Recommendations
Improving the Sustainability of the
Japanese Flying Squid Fishery in China
Further Scoping Needs and Opportunities
oceanoutcomes.org
Project background
Dec. 2015 – Mar. 2016: Sea Farms Ltd & its UK partners commissioned pre-
assessment by Ocean Outcomes (O2) of Japanese flying squid (JFS - Todarodes
pacificus) in the Yellow and East China Seas. It confirmed the lack of data for the
Chinese fishery and weaknesses of fishery management.
Oct. 2016-17: O2, Sea Farms Ltd. & partners (M&S, Sainsbury’s, Tesco and WWF-UK)
conducting further research & scoping for FIP project design - three major goals:
● Better understanding of changing Yellow & East China Seas JFS fishery – Catch
composition.
● Establishing a robust verification mechanism for origin of squid landings – Identify
precise fishing areas.
● Specific recommendations on improvement needs-design and comprehensive
description of major stakeholders and roles in potential FIP.
oceanoutcomes.org
Japanese flying squid in the
East China Sea and Yellow Sea
Migration route of JFS in the East China and Yellow
Sea (modified from Song et al. 1999)
• Preliminary biomass estimate =
29,913 mt (continental East China
Sea - Song et al. 2009);
• Short-living, highly migratory, wide
distribution in Northern FAO 61;
• The Yellow Sea and East China Sea
stock (winter cohort) shared by China
and South Korea;
• Stock not regularly assessed, reported
catches not separated by species
Image from Honda Cooperation
oceanoutcomes.org
Roadmap to improving JFS fishery management
under Chinese jurisdiction Government support (all levels) is essential - strong political will & actions will be critical.
Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute (SMRERI) has been identified as a
key advisor to Provincial Government; Shanghai Ocean University (SOU) key to Central
Government.
Three logical steps planned during 2017-18 to catalyze government actions:
Step 1. Make the case: joint effort from ‘critical mass’ of major international buyers, national seafood
association (CAPPMA) and SMRERI - develop a report elaborating management issues and social
and economic importance of the Yellow Sea JFS fishery.
Step 2. Secure commitment from Shandong Provincial government: advise provincial Ocean
and Fishery Department to allocate resources to SMRERI for improved monitoring of the JFS fishery
in the north Yellow Sea beginning 2018 to guide sustainable management.
Step 3. Secure Central Government support: Engage SOU to convince Central Government to
take JFS as a national fishery management. (TAC) pilot to secure collaboration of other two
provinces.
oceanoutcomes.org
Larger opportunity
• Ultimately, improved management of
shared JFS stock will need collaboration of
P.R. China & R. Korea;
• Current bilateral fishing agreement needs
updating to prioritize JFS and include more
sustainability mandates;
• FIP NGOs, leading industries, researchers
from two sides in good position to start
creating enabling conditions for further
collaboration between governments.
oceanoutcomes.org
Thank You!
Promoting Responsible Aquaculture in China
Opportunities, Challenges and Early Wins
ASC-TR China Team
2017. Seattle
ASC vision - A world where aquaculture plays a major role in
supplying food and social benefits for mankind whilst minimising
negative impacts on the environment
The World’s Largest Aquaculture Producer - China
China contributed to 61.6% of global
production aquaculture finfish and Shellfish.
(FAO 2014) 1.China 45,469 2.India 4,881 3.Indonesia 4,253 4.Vietnam 3,397 5.Bangladesh 1,957 6.Norway 1,333 7.Chile 1,215 8.Egypt 1,137 9.Myarmar 962 10.Thailand 934 Unit: Thousand tons
Main Marinculture Finfish Species Group
Main Mariculture Finfish Species Group in China (2014-2015)
Unit : Tons
0.00
20,000.00
40,000.00
60,000.00
80,000.00
100,000.00
120,000.00
140,000.00
160,000.00
2014
2015
Main Freshwater Aquaculture Finfish Species
Main fresh water Aquaculture Finfish Species group in China
Unit : Tons
0.00
5000000.00
10000000.00
15000000.00
20000000.00
25000000.00
Carp Tilapia Catfish Bass andPerch
Snakehead
Sturgeon
2014
2015
Other main Aquaculture Species
Other main Aquaculture Species in China
Unit : Tons
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
2014
2015
Current ASC Standards Applicable to China
Tilapia
8 Farm Standards – 12 species groups
7 Principles - Addressing the key impacts on Environment, Social &
Community.
Pangasius Salmon Bivalves Trout Shrimp Seriola
& Cobia Abalone
Challenges in China Aquaculture for ASC
• Shortage of applicable standards for many major farmed species in China (particularly those traded domestically or within Asia)
• Difficulty for the large number of small scaled farm operators to afford costs affiliated
with certification • Weak AIP capacity： AIP implementation institutes （O2 and China Blue） AIP funding AIP tools • Insufficient market incentives for responsibly farmed seafood: International Market (NA, EU and JP) and Domestic Market
• Lack of public understanding and support
ASC Early Win in China - 1
– ASC Tilapia in China
Green the tilapia supply chain of China-EU From 2012 to 2015; Joint implemented by WWF China, CAPPMA and ASC First batch of ASC Chinese auditors First 3 ASC certified Tilapia Farms in 2015
ASC Early Win in China - 2
– ASC Shellfish (scallop) in China
From 2014.10 to 2017.4
Aquaculture Operation improvement: ● Bottom monitoring; ● Periodic seashore cleaning; ● Gear equipment improvement; ● Maintaining waters environment; ● The awareness and training of environment protection
Social responsibility: ● Construction to improve living facilities for staffs; ● The investment of staff's welfare; ● Community development.
New Standard in Development
Paving way for more responsible Chinese farms
Multi-site and Group Certification standard ASC feed standard Seaweed standard joint with MSC
More finfish standard： ASC Sea Bass, Sea Bream, and Meagre standard Tropical Marine Finfish (grouper, snapper, barramundi, pompano)
Flat fish standard (turbot, flounder, sole) with strong support from the industry association of China (CAPPMA) and South Korea – first standard for domestic/regionally traded species group http://www.asc-aqua.org/index.cfm?act=tekst.item&iid=311&iids=609&lng=1
ASC Certified farms – By 1 May 2017
Europe
173 (Norway: 100)
North-America
57
Africa
3
South-America
88 (Chile: 60)
Asia:
120 (China: 5, Vietnam: 76)
Australia
15
Potential AIP Priorities
Abalone association in Fujian province
Hainan Tilapia Sustainability alliance
Turbot commission of CAPPMA
Tilapia association in Maoming
Shrimp industry association in Zhanjiang
