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نقشهاي مختلف پرستاردر عرصه نقشهاي مختلف پرستاردر عرصه بهداشت ودرمان:بهداشت ودرمان:

- نقش مراقبتي- نقش مراقبتي11-نقش محافطتي-نقش محافطتي22

- نقش درماني- نقش درماني33- نقش حمايت كننده - نقش حمايت كننده 44 - نقش هماهنگ كننده- نقش هماهنگ كننده55

-نقش آموزشي-نقش آموزشي66

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Teacher / Counselor

یکی از نقشهای اصلی پرستار:

آموزش مددجویان است

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communicatorcommunicatorManagerManagerResearcherResearcherAdvocateAdvocateDecision makerDecision makerCare GiverCare GiverComforterComforterTeacher/CounselorTeacher/Counselor

Roles of Nursing:

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اصول آموزش بيمار اصول آموزش بيمار

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2/3/2009 ميناكريمي 2

Patient teaching

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ف مهم آموزش بيمار:ف مهم آموزش بيمار:اا هد هداا

-حفط سالمتي و پيشگيري از بيماري-حفط سالمتي و پيشگيري از بيماري11

-اعاده سالمتي -اعاده سالمتي 22

- سازگاري با ناتواني و عوارض بيماري- سازگاري با ناتواني و عوارض بيماري33

- بهبود كيفيت مراقبت - بهبود كيفيت مراقبت 44

- تداوم مراقبت در بيمارستان و جامعه- تداوم مراقبت در بيمارستان و جامعه55

- تشويق بيمار به پذيرش مسئوليت بيشتر براي - تشويق بيمار به پذيرش مسئوليت بيشتر براي 66بهبود وضعيت سالمتي خودبهبود وضعيت سالمتي خود

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سه هدف مهم آموزش بیمارسه هدف مهم آموزش بیمار

11 حفظ سالمتی و پیشگیری از بیماری - حفظ سالمتی و پیشگیری از بیماری -Health MaintenanceHealth Maintenance)پیشگیری نوع اول( )پیشگیری نوع اول(

22 ) اعاده سالمتی )پیشگیری نوع دوم ( - اعاده سالمتی )پیشگیری نوع دوم -Restoration of HealthRestoration of Health

33 سازگاری با ناتوانی ها و عوارض - سازگاری با ناتوانی ها و عوارض - Coping with Coping withبیماری)پیشگیری نوع سوم ( بیماری)پیشگیری نوع سوم (

impaired functionimpaired function

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Goals of patient education:Goals of patient education:

Health maintenance and illness Health maintenance and illness preventionprevention

Restoration of HealthRestoration of Health

Coping with impaired functionCoping with impaired function

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Categories of learning DomainCategories of learning Domain::

Cognitive DomainCognitive Domain

Psychomotor DomainPsychomotor Domain

Affective DomainAffective Domain

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comparison of the Nursing process and comparison of the Nursing process and

the the teaching Activities Nursingteaching Activities Nursing

Basic StepsBasic Steps : : 11--AssessmentAssessment 22--DiagnosisDiagnosis

33--planingplaning 44--ImplementationImplementation 55--EvaluationEvaluation

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Basic Steps Basic Steps teaching Activities Nursingteaching Activities Nursing

11--AssessmentAssessment

22--DiagnosisDiagnosis

33--planingplaning

44--ImplementationImplementation

55--EvaluationEvaluation

:

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Patient teaching processPatient teaching process::

1- Assessment: Identify Ability to learn, willingness to learn. Nursing history, clients learning needs

2- Diagnosis: Identify clients learning needs on the basis Of the three domains of learning

3- Planning: Establish learning objectives ,……

4-implementation: -implement teaching methods,…

5-Evaluation:Determine outcomes of teaching learning process,..

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آموزش بیمار:

تجربه یادگیری از قبل طراحی شده ای است که در آن ترکیبی از روشهای مختلف یاددادن ، مشاوره ، تکنیکهای اصالح رفتار بکار گرفته می شود که بر

روی دانش و رفتارهای بهداشتی بیمار اثر می گذارد و فرایند متقابلی است که به شرکت فعال

بیماران در مراقبت از خودکمک میکند

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AssessmentAssessment

Identify the client's learning needs willingness to Identify the client's learning needs willingness to learn, ability to learn and teachinglearn, ability to learn and teaching

resources ,sources of data are the clientresources ,sources of data are the client..

Family, learning environmentFamily, learning environment..

Medical record, nursing history , and literatureMedical record, nursing history , and literature..

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::در مرحله بررسیدر مرحله بررسی

اصول اساسی یادگیری اصول اساسی یادگیریBasic learning Basic learning principlesprinciples

اصول آمادگی برای یادگیری اصول آمادگی برای یادگیری the reading to the reading to learnlearn

توانایی یادگیری توانایی یادگیریThe ability to learnThe ability to learn

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DiagnosisDiagnosis

Identify client's , learning needs on theIdentify client's , learning needs on the

basis of the three domains of learningbasis of the three domains of learning

EstablishEstablish

((Cognitive , Affective, PsychomotorCognitive , Affective, Psychomotor))

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EXAMPES OF NURSING DIAGNOSES RELATED EXAMPES OF NURSING DIAGNOSES RELATED TO CLIENTS LEARNING NEEDS NANDA –TO CLIENTS LEARNING NEEDS NANDA –

APPROVED NURSING DIAGOSESAPPROVED NURSING DIAGOSES..Knowledge deficit: Knowledge deficit: CognitiveCognitive, related to, related to newly Diagnosed diseasenewly Diagnosed disease Newly prescribed therapyNewly prescribed therapy Poor understanding of therapiesPoor understanding of therapies..

Knowledge deficit: Knowledge deficit: affective.affective. Related to Related to::Altered affective KnowledgeAltered affective Knowledge..Impaired social interactionImpaired social interactionMisunderstanding of prognosisMisunderstanding of prognosis Knowledge deficit :Knowledge deficit :PsychomotorPsychomotor ,related to ,related to:: Need for crutch WalkingNeed for crutch Walking

Need to learn self – injectionsNeed to learn self – injections Alteration in health maintenance related toAlteration in health maintenance related to::Lack of fine motor skillsLack of fine motor skillsADDITIONAL Nursing DIAGNOSISADDITIONAL Nursing DIAGNOSIS Reduced attention span related toReduced attention span related to::FatigueFatiguePainPain

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Teaching and LearningTeaching and Learning Potential LEARNING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED Potential LEARNING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED

WITH INTELLECTUAL SKILLSWITH INTELLECTUAL SKILLS

Math calculation. Computing drug dosages :Math calculation. Computing drug dosages : Measuring liquid or solid food allotment Measuring liquid or solid food allotment Reading a thermometer or syringe calibrationReading a thermometer or syringe calibration Reading directors and instructionsReading directors and instructions In teaching booklets and in medication Labs.In teaching booklets and in medication Labs.

Problem Solving .Leaning how to regulate insulin dosages on the Problem Solving .Leaning how to regulate insulin dosages on the basis of sings and symptoms .basis of sings and symptoms .

Comprehension and ApplicationComprehension and Application.. Understanding physical restrictions imposed by illness:Understanding physical restrictions imposed by illness: Following direction s in performing self – care in accordance With Following direction s in performing self – care in accordance With

limitationslimitations

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Topics for health teachingTopics for health teaching

Health promotion /Illness preventionHealth promotion /Illness prevention First aidFirst aid Avoidance of risk factors: smoking, alcoholAvoidance of risk factors: smoking, alcohol Growth and developmentGrowth and development HygieneHygiene ImmunizationsImmunizations Normal childbearingNormal childbearing NutritionNutrition ExerciseExercise Safety )in home and hospital(Safety )in home and hospital(

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Restoration of HeathRestoration of Heath

Clients disease or conditionClients disease or condition

@Anatomy and physiology of body system affected@Anatomy and physiology of body system affected

@Cause of disease@Cause of disease

@Origin of symptoms@Origin of symptoms

@Expected effects on other body systems@Expected effects on other body systems

@Prognosis@Prognosis

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Rational for treatmentRational for treatment

@Medications@Medications @Tests and therapies@Tests and therapies

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Restoration of HealthRestoration of Health

Rational of treatmentRational of treatment

@ Nursing measures@ Nursing measures

@Surgical intervention@Surgical intervention Expected duration of careExpected duration of care Hospital/Clinic environmentHospital/Clinic environment Hospital/Clinic staffHospital/Clinic staff Methods for client participationMethods for client participation

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Coping With Impaired FunctionCoping With Impaired Function

Home careHome care @Medication@Medication @Diet@Diet @Activity@Activity @Self-help devices@Self-help devices

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Rehabilitation of remaining Rehabilitation of remaining functionfunction

Physical therapyPhysical therapy Occupational therapyOccupational therapy

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Prevention of ComplicationsPrevention of Complications

Knowledge of risk factorsKnowledge of risk factors Implication of noncompliance with therapyImplication of noncompliance with therapy

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PlanningPlanning

Teaching plan . learning objectives stated Teaching plan . learning objectives stated in behavioral terms .identify priorities in behavioral terms .identify priorities

identify type of teaching method to use identify type of teaching method to use

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Plan Table Plan Table GIOGIO : :

EvaluationEvaluation

Out comeOut come

MediaMediaMethodMethod

TeachingTeachingTimeTimeKKAAPP SOBSOB

Educational Educational NeedsNeeds

Nurse educator:

Patient & Family

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SUMMERY OUTLINESUMMERY OUTLINE

11 - -GIOGIO

22 - -SOBSOB

Performance ObjectivesPerformance Objectives

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MEDIA SELECTIONMEDIA SELECTION

Visual FormatVisual Format

Audio FormatAudio Format

Audiovisual or MultiMediaAudiovisual or MultiMedia

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ImplementationImplementation

Implement teaching methodsImplement teaching methods. .

Actively Involve client in learning Actively Involve client in learning activatesactivates

Include family participation as apronInclude family participation as apron

desired outcomes of nursing caredesired outcomes of nursing care

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EvaluationEvaluation

Determine outcomes of teaching& Determine outcomes of teaching& learning process .Measure client's learning process .Measure client's

abilityability

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Evaluation MethodsEvaluation Methods

11 - -indirect observationindirect observationOral ExamOral Exam

True - FalseTrue - False 22 - -Direct observationDirect observation

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بررسی عوامل موثر بر یادگیریبررسی عوامل موثر بر یادگیریرشد وتکاملرشد وتکامل سطح تحصیالت سطح تحصیالت تجربیات گذشته تجربیات گذشتهوضع جسمانی بیماروضع جسمانی بیمارسالمت حواس پنجگانهسالمت حواس پنجگانهسالمت خلقیسالمت خلقیثبات اجتمایی اقتصادیثبات اجتمایی اقتصادیمسئولیت پذیری بیمارمسئولیت پذیری بیمارتصور ذهنی فرد از جسم خودتصور ذهنی فرد از جسم خود عالقه به یادگیری عالقه به یادگیری انگیزه یادگیری انگیزه یادگیریزمینه فرهنگیزمینه فرهنگیمهارت برقراری ارتباطمهارت برقراری ارتباطزبانزبان

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آمادگی ذهنی آمادگی ذهنیMental readinessMental readiness آمادگ جسمانی آمادگ جسمانیreadinessreadiness PhysicalPhysical آمادگی عاطفی آمادگی عاطفیAffective readinessAffective readiness آمادگی تجربی آمادگی تجربیExperimental readinessExperimental readiness

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What are cognitive levelsWhat are cognitive levels??

Cognitive levels describe the extent and depth of knowledge. Cognitive levels describe the extent and depth of knowledge. Perhaps the most well-known description is Bloom’s Perhaps the most well-known description is Bloom’s Taxonomy of 6 Cognitive LevelsTaxonomy of 6 Cognitive Levels::

11 . .KnowledgeKnowledge22 . .ComprehensionComprehension

33 . .ApplicationApplication44 . .AnalysisAnalysis

55 . .SynthesisSynthesis66 . .EvaluationEvaluation

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Cognitive Domain

اطالعات و دانش نظري است كه انتظار ميرود در طول برنامة درسي يادگيرنده كسب نمايد.

طبقه است كه از ساده به مشكل تغيير ميكند6حيطة شناختي داراي

Knowledge

comprehensionApplication

Analysis

Synthesis

Evaluation

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Affective Domain

مربوط به اهدافي است كه سبب تغيير نگرش ويا تعيير تفكر ميشود. بطور كلي اين حيطه ارزشها را

در بر دارد.

�ٌReceiving

RespondingValuing

Organizing

Characterization

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Psychomotor Domain

توانمندي عملي ومهارتي است كه يادگيرنده كسب مي كند.

Readiness

Independent Performance

Acceleration & Accuracy

Coordination of Action

Normality

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Basic Steps Basic Steps Nursing processNursing process

11--AssessmentAssessment

22--DiagnosisDiagnosis

33--planingplaning

44--ImplementationImplementation

55--EvaluationEvaluation

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AssessmentAssessment

identify the clients physical ,psychosocial client'sidentify the clients physical ,psychosocial client'sidentify the Ecological , social , culturalidentify the Ecological , social , culturalPotential And spiritual needsPotential And spiritual needs Sources of data are the clientSources of data are the client, ,

Family .diagnostic tests ,medical Record, Nursing history, and Family .diagnostic tests ,medical Record, Nursing history, and literatureliterature

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DiagnosisDiagnosis

Identify appropriate nursing – DiagnosesIdentify appropriate nursing – Diagnoses

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PlanningPlanning

Develop an individualized plan of Care .Develop an individualized plan of Care . set diagnosis priorities on The basis of client's set diagnosis priorities on The basis of client's

immediate Needs .immediate Needs . Nurse and client collator- rate on plan of careNurse and client collator- rate on plan of care

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ImplementationImplementation

perform nursing care therapies In – Cluedperform nursing care therapies In – Clued

client as an active portico Pant in care . client as an active portico Pant in care .

Involve family in client's care as meeting Involve family in client's care as meeting desired outcomes of nursing desired outcomes of nursing carecare

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EvaluationEvaluation

desired outcomes of nursing caredesired outcomes of nursing care

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