건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구

폐기물연구부 폐기물자원과폐기물연구부 폐기물자원과폐기물연구부 폐기물자원과폐기물연구부 폐기물자원과

최훈근 이형진 오길종 김규연 박수정 정일록최훈근 이형진 오길종 김규연 박수정 정일록최훈근 이형진 오길종 김규연 박수정 정일록최훈근 이형진 오길종 김규연 박수정 정일록, , , , , ,, , , , , ,, , , , , ,, , , , , ,

김성범 조문식김성범 조문식김성범 조문식김성범 조문식,,,,

A Study on Advanced Management of

Construction Waste

H. G. Choi, H. J. Lee, G. J. Oh, K. Y. Kim, S. J. Park, I. R. Chung,

S. B. Kim, M. S. Cho

Waste Resource and Recycling Division

Waste Research Department

National Institute of Environmental Research

2003

국 립 환 경 연 구 원국 립 환 경 연 구 원국 립 환 경 연 구 원국 립 환 경 연 구 원

- i -

요 약 문요 약 문요 약 문요 약 문

제 목 건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구제 목 건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구제 목 건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구제 목 건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안 연구1. :1. :1. :1. :

연구목적연구목적연구목적연구목적2.2.2.2.

가 건설폐기물로 제조되고 있는 재생골재의 품질분석 및 재활용방안 제시.

나 건설폐기물 선별이물질의 성분분석 및 적정처리방법 제시.

다 건설폐기물 중간처리공정의 물질수지를 감안한 합리적인 재활용율 산.

정방안 제시

연구내용 및 방법연구내용 및 방법연구내용 및 방법연구내용 및 방법3.3.3.3.

가 연구내용.

건설폐기물로 제조한 재생골재의 품질분석 및 품질을 고려한 재활용(1)

방안 검토

건설폐기물 선별이물질의 성분분석에 의해 소각처리의 적합 여부에(2)

대한 검토

건설폐기물 중간처리업체의 재생골재 생산공정의 물질수지 조사 및(3)

이를 고려한 재활용율 산정방안 검토

선진 외국의 건설폐기물로 제조한 재생골재의 활용 실태조사(4)

나 연구방법.

자료 및 관련문헌조사(1)

건설폐기물 및 선별이물질의 처리방법 재생골재의 용도별 규격 등o ,

관련법령 및 시험방법에 대한 규정 수집 및 분석

외국의 건설폐기물 관리제도관련 자료 수집 및 분석o

- ii -

국내 중간처리업체의 현지출장조사(2)

건설폐기물의 중간처리업체의 시설규모 재생골재 생산공정 등을 감o ,

안하여 대표성이 있는 업체 개 를 선정하여 재생골재 선별이물질(25 ) ,

의 분석을 위한 시료채취

재생골재 생산공정의 물질수지를 분석하기 위한 청취조사 및 관련자o

료 수집과 현장확인 조사

채취한 시료의 분석 및 평가(3)

처리방식별 재생골재의 품질o

- 최대직경 이물질함유량 흡수율 비중 마모율 강도 입도분포, , , , , , ,

중금속류등 등 개 항목(Cd, Pb 6 )

선별이물질의 성상 및 처리실태 파악o

투입폐기물의 종류를 감안한 중간처리 공정의 물질수지를 조사하여o

재생골재 생산공정의 수율을 파악

건설폐기물의 현장 관리실태와 관련 법규 및 제도를 종합적으로 검토(4)

하여 관리 개선방안 제시

연구결과연구결과연구결과연구결과4.4.4.4.

재생골재의 비중은 범위로 천연골재의 비중과 큰 차이를 보이1. 2.18 2.62～

지 않았으며 이물질함유량의 범위는 로서 현행 폐기물관리0.001 0.340%～

법상의 기준치인 범위내에 있는 것으로 분석되었고 최대직경의 경우1% ,

굵은 골재를 생산하는 개 업체에서만 기준치를 초과한 것으로 나타났다3 .

- iii -

조사대상 건설폐기물 중간처리업체에서 생산하고 있는 고품질 종 재생골2. 1

재의 강도범위는 업체의 경우 업체의 경우S-4 269 315kg/ , S-5 259～ ㎠ ～

로 조사되어 천연골재에 못지 않은 품질을 나타내고 있는 것으302kg/㎠

로 조사되었다.

개 조사대상업체에서 채취한 재생골재의 중금속 항목은 대부분의 시료3. 25

에서 불검출로 나타났는데 검출된 시료의 농도범위를 살펴보면 구리의 경

우 개 업체에서 카드뮴은 개 업체에서16 0.001 1.054 / , 8 0.001 0.004～ ㎎ ℓ ～

범위로 분석되었고 수은은 모든 시료에서 불검출로 나타나 폐기물/㎎ ℓ

관리법에 설정되어 있는 기준치를 초과하는 중금속 항목은 없는 것으로

분석되었으며 천연골재의 중금속 분석결과와 비교하여 볼 때 중간처리업

체에서 생산하고 있는 재생골재의 사용에 따른 중금속에 의한 환경에의

영향은 무시될 정도인 것으로 판단되었다.

조사대상업체에서 발생되는 선별이물질은 거의 발생량이 미미하였고 선별4.

이물질을 활용한 소각처리의 타당성은 거의 없는 정도로 확인되었다.

건설폐기물의 재활용율은 년 월말 기준하여 전국이 로 나타났5. ‘02 12 83.4%

으며 재활용율은 중간처리업체에서 재생골재로 생산되는 수율을 감안하고

실제사용량을 기준하여 산정되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

현재 국내 건설폐기물 중간처리업체에서의 종 재생골재 생산기술은 선진6. 1

국에 못지 않은 높은 기술력을 가지고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 생산된

재생골재의 적체해소와 재사용 활성화 방안으로는 국가 행정기관에서 사

용의무 기준을 설정하여 도로 건설현장이나 건설자재로서 재사용 될 수

있도록 법적제도적인 기반을 마련하여야 할 것이며 우선적으로 현재 사․

- iv -

용처 확보가 용이한 도로보조기층용으로의 의무사용 확대가 가장 바람직

할 것으로 판단된다.

공공기관의 재활용제품 우선구매제도 확립을 통한 재사용 활성화와 중소7.

기업 위주의 건설폐기물 중간처리업체에 대한 인센티브제 도입 및 금융지

원 조세감면지원 채무보증지원 제도 등이 필요하며 재생골재 재활용의, ,

실효성을 거두기 위한 지원대책이 다각적으로 마련되어져야 할 것이다.

재생골재의 이미지 개선을 위해 현재 사용되고 있는 용어를 순환골재8. “ ”

또는 그린골재 등으로 용어를 재정립하여 친환경적인 용어를 사용하는“ ”

것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.

- v -

목 차목 차목 차목 차

요약문 ························································································································ⅰ

목 차 ··························································································································ⅴ

표 차례 ··················································································································ⅹⅲ

그림 차례 ··············································································································ⅹⅶ

ABSTRACT ····································································································ⅹⅹⅱ

서 론서 론서 론서 론....ⅠⅠⅠⅠ ·························································································································· 1

연구내용 및 방법연구내용 및 방법연구내용 및 방법연구내용 및 방법....ⅡⅡⅡⅡ ··································································································· 5

조사대상1. ····················································································································· 5

연구내용 및 방법2. ····································································································· 5

가 자료 및 문헌조사. ································································································· 5

나 건설폐기물 관련법규 및 관리제도. ··································································· 6

다 재생골재의 생산공정 파악과 품질분석 및 재활용 방안. ····························· 6

라 선별이물질의 성상과 적정처리. ········································································· 7

마 재활용율 산정과 관리개선 방안. ······································································· 7

실험방법3. ····················································································································· 9

가 시료채취. ················································································································· 9

나 분석항목. ··············································································································· 11

최대직경(1) ··········································································································· 11

이물질함유량(2) ··································································································· 11

입도분석(3) ··········································································································· 11

밀도 및 흡수율(4) ······························································································· 14

- vi -

잔 골재의 비중㉮ ···························································································· 14

굵은 골재의 비중㉯ ························································································ 15

중금속류(5) ··········································································································· 15

강도(6) ··················································································································· 18

압축강도 시험을 위한 공시체㉮ ·································································· 18

압축강도 시험㉯ ······························································································ 18

공시체의 검사① ·························································································· 18

시험방법② ···································································································· 19

결과 및 고찰결과 및 고찰결과 및 고찰결과 및 고찰....ⅢⅢⅢⅢ ········································································································· 20

건설폐기물 관련법규 및 관리제도1. ····································································· 20

가 폐기물 관련법과 재활용법. ··············································································· 20

나 건설폐기물 관련법. ····························································································· 20

건설폐기물의 발생 및 처리2. ················································································· 31

가 건설폐기물의 개요. ····························································································· 31

건설폐기물의 정의(1) ························································································· 31

건설폐기물의 종류(2) ························································································· 34

콘크리트덩이㉮ ································································································ 34

아스팔트콘크리트 아스콘( )㉯ ········································································· 36

토사 잔토( )㉰ ····································································································· 36

건설오니㉱ ········································································································ 37

폐목재㉲ ············································································································ 37

기타 폐기물㉳ ·································································································· 37

건설폐기물의 발생(3) ························································································· 38

신축단계㉮ ········································································································ 40

- vii -

유지보수단계㉯ ․ ···························································································· 42해체단계㉰ ········································································································ 42

기능저하① ···································································································· 42

구조물내력의 저하② ·················································································· 43

사회적 요인③ ······························································································ 43

건설폐기물의 특성(4) ························································································· 46

건설폐기물의 처리(5) ························································································· 47

나 건설폐기물 발생원별 현황. ··············································································· 50

건설관련 지표(1) ································································································· 50

발생원단위(2) ······································································································· 57

국내 건설폐기물 발생 현황(3) ········································································· 65

다 건설폐기물의 처리. ····························································································· 67

국내 건설폐기물의 처리현황(1) ······································································· 67

건설폐기물 처리업체 현황(2) ··········································································· 69

매립지 현황(3) ····································································································· 71

선진국의 건설폐기물 관리 및 재활용3. ······························································· 75

가 미국. ······················································································································· 77

폐기물 정책(1) ····································································································· 77

건설폐기물의 발생 및 처리현황(2) ································································· 78

나 유럽. ······················································································································· 85

독일(1) ··················································································································· 88

네덜란드(2) ··········································································································· 91

영국(3) ··················································································································· 94

노르웨이(4) ··········································································································· 97

다 일본. ····················································································································· 100

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폐기물관리 정책(1) ··························································································· 100

건설폐기물 발생 및 처리현황(2) ··································································· 104

재생골재 생산기술 현황4. ····················································································· 116

가 국내의 재생골재 생산기술. ············································································· 116

재생골재 제조공급 시스템(1) ․ ····································································· 116재생골재 제조공정(2) ······················································································· 117

재생골재 제조설비(3) ······················································································· 119

장치의 형식에 따른 분류㉮ ········································································ 120

사용장소에 따른 분류㉯ ·············································································· 120

파쇄형식 및 원리에 의한 분류㉰ ······························································ 121

나 국외의 재생골재 생산기술. ············································································· 123

포라우더를 이용한 모르타르 제거(1) ··························································· 126

재생 조골재 세골재 생산시스템(2) , ······························································ 127

마찰법에 의한 재생골재의 제조(3) ······························································· 131

조사대상 중간처리업체의 재생골재 생산현황5. ··············································· 133

가 조사대상 중간처리업체의 개요. ····································································· 133

나 지역별 중간처리업체 현황. ············································································· 133

다 처리규모별 중간처리업체 현황. ····································································· 135

라 재생골재 생산공정. ··························································································· 136

습식처리 공정(1) ······························································································· 136

건식처리 공정(2) ······························································································· 138

중간처리업체별의 재생골재 생산공정(3) ····················································· 139

업체S-1ⓐ ····································································································· 139

업체S-2ⓑ ····································································································· 140

업체S-3ⓒ ····································································································· 141

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업체S-4ⓓ ····································································································· 142

업체S-5ⓔ ····································································································· 143

업체G-1ⓕ ····································································································· 144

업체G-2ⓖ ····································································································· 145

업체G-3ⓗ ····································································································· 146

업체G-4ⓘ ····································································································· 146

업체C-1ⓙ ····································································································· 147

업체C-2ⓚ ····································································································· 148

업체C-3ⓛ ····································································································· 149

업체C-4ⓜ ····································································································· 151

업체C-5ⓝ ····································································································· 152

업체K-1ⓞ ···································································································· 152

업체K-2ⓟ ···································································································· 154

업체K-3ⓠ ···································································································· 154

업체K-4ⓡ ···································································································· 155

업체K-5ⓢ ···································································································· 156

업체K-6ⓣ ···································································································· 157

업체J-1ⓤ ······································································································ 158

업체J-2ⓥ ······································································································ 160

업체J-3ⓦ ······································································································ 161

업체J-4ⓧ ······································································································ 162

업체J-5ⓨ ······································································································ 163

마 재생골재의 물성. ······························································································· 163

최대직경 및 이물질함유량 흡수율 비중(1) , , ············································· 163

석분㉮ ·············································································································· 164

- x -

25mm㉯ ········································································································· 165

굵은 골재㉰ ···································································································· 166

입도선별(2) ········································································································· 168

압축강도(3) ········································································································· 171

도로보조기층용 재생골재의 물성(4) ····························································· 173

바 재생골재의 중금속 농도. ················································································· 175

선별이물질 및 재활용율6. ····················································································· 179

가 선별이물질의 성상. ··························································································· 179

나 선별이물질의 발생 및 처리. ··········································································· 180

선별이물질의 발생(1) ······················································································· 180

이물질의 선별방법(2) ······················································································· 184

세척을 이용한 이물질 제거방식㉮ ···························································· 186

송풍을 이용한 이물질 제거방식㉯ ···························································· 186

자력을 이용한 이물질 제거기술㉰ ···························································· 186

인력을 이용한 이물질 제거기술㉱ ···························································· 186

선별이물질 처리(3) ····························································································· 188

다 생산공정 물질수지. ··························································································· 191

라 재활용율의 산정. ······························································································· 194

재활용율 현황(1) ······························································································· 194

국내의 재활용율㉮ ························································································ 194

일본의 재활용율㉯ ························································································ 197

재활용율 통계 작성상의 문제점(2) ······························································· 199

현실적인 문제점㉮ ························································································ 199

행정적인 문제점㉯ ························································································ 199

재활용율 통계작성상의 개선방향(3) ····························································· 200

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현실적인 개선방향㉮ ···················································································· 200

행정적인 개선방향㉯ ···················································································· 200

재활용율 산정개선 방안(4) ············································································· 201

건설폐기물의 관리개선 방안7. ············································································· 203

가 건설폐재 재활용에 관한 문제점. ··································································· 203

공사발주자 및 설계자(1) ················································································· 203

건설공사 시공자(2) ··························································································· 203

수집운반업자 및 중간처리업자(3) ································································· 203

나 관리개선방안. ····································································································· 204

건설폐기물 감량화(1) ······················································································· 204

건설폐기물의 적정처리(2) ··············································································· 206

폐기물처리업자의 교육홍보 강화㉮ ․ ······················································ 206건설폐기물 불법처리 방지 강화㉯ ···························································· 206

건설폐기물 재활용 촉진대책(3) ····································································· 206

건설현장의 재자원화 및 건설현장 의무활용 도입㉮ ···························· 207

㉯ 재활용 촉진을 위한 용도 품질기준 시공지침 등의 개발과 보급, , ······ 207

재활용자에 대한 인센티브 부여㉰ ···························································· 208

㉱ 분리선별 자재에 대한 처리비차등화와 분리선별 비용인정 기준마련 ······· 208

건설폐기물 분류 처리체계 및 용어 일원화,㉲ ······································· 208

건설폐기물 중간처리업체 경쟁력 강화㉳ ················································ 208

건설폐기물 재활용 산업의 육성㉴ ···························································· 209

건설폐기물 재활용을 위한 독일의 세제 및 금융지원 대책(4) ··············· 209

조세감면지원 제도㉮ ···················································································· 209

금융지원 제도㉯ ···························································································· 209

건설폐기물 재활용을 위한 일본의 세제 및 금융지원 대책(5) ··············· 210

- xii -

세제지원 제도㉮ ···························································································· 210

융자지원 제도㉯ ···························································································· 210

채무보증 제도㉰ ···························································································· 215

결 론결 론결 론결 론....ⅣⅣⅣⅣ ······················································································································ 217

참고문헌참고문헌참고문헌참고문헌 ··············································································································· 219

- xiii -

표 차례표 차례표 차례표 차례

표 현지출장 중간처리업체의 지역별 현황1. ························································· 5

표 시료분석항목 및 방법2. ······················································································· 7

표 시료의 채취량3. ··································································································· 10

표 체가름 시험 시료의 표준량4. ··········································································· 13

표 건설폐기물 관련법규의 제정 및 개정5. ························································· 21

표 건설폐기물의 관리 주체별 업무영역6. ··························································· 22

표 환경부와 건설교통부의 건설폐기물관련 법규7. ··········································· 24

표 건설폐재 재활용 목표율8. ················································································· 26

표 건축폐자재 사용비에 따른 완화 범위9. ························································· 27

표 건설폐재 용도별 관련규격 및 설계시공지침10. ․ ········································· 28표 건설폐기물의 종류11. ··························································································· 35

표 건설공사에 따른 건설폐기물의 발생12. ··························································· 39

표 재료별 할증율13. ··································································································· 41

표 부문별 내용 년수14. ( )耐用 ···················································································· 45

표 건설폐기물의 분류별 중간처리기술15. ····························································· 47

표 공사별 건설폐기물 발생과 처리실태16. ··························································· 48

표 국토개발지표17. ····································································································· 50

표 도심재개발 사업현황18. ······················································································· 53

표 주택재개발 현황19. ······························································································· 53

표 주거환경개선사업20. ····························································································· 54

표 아파트의 재건축 시기21. ····················································································· 54

표 일반국도 보수비 집행현황22. ············································································· 55

표 고속국도보수비 집행현황23. ··············································································· 56

- xiv -

표 단위 면적당 폐기물 발생량24. ··········································································· 58

표 건축물의 용도 및 구조별 신축건설부산물의 배출원단위25. ······················· 59

표 아파트 신축공사 현장의 건설폐기물 발생원단위26. ····································· 60

표 건축물의 용도 및 구조별 해체건설부산물의 배출원단위27. ······················· 61

표 아파트 해채공사 현장의 건설폐기물 발생원단위28. ····································· 62

표 건물의 용도규모별 배출원단위29. ․ ································································· 62표 건물해체에 따른 폐기물발생 원단위의 사례 일본30. ( ) ································ 63

표 도로면 개보수시 부산물 배출원단위31. ··························································· 64

표 도로굴착공사시 부산물의 배출원단위32. ························································· 65

표 건설폐기물 성상33. ······························································································· 66

표 연도별 건설폐기물 처리현황34. ········································································· 68

표 건설폐기물 처리업체 현황35. ············································································· 70

표 매립시설 현황36. ··································································································· 71

표 폐기물 종류별 수도권 매립지 반입량37. ························································· 72

표 수도권매립지 반입 건설폐기물 매립처리기준38. ··········································· 73

표 외국의 매립지에 반입되는 고형폐기물 중 건설폐기물 비율39. ················· 74

표 각 국가별 건설폐기물 발생량40. OECD ························································· 76

표 건축관련 폐기물의 발생41. (1996) ······································································ 79

표 비주거 신축 폐기물의 발생량42. ······································································· 80

표 주거 신축 폐기물의 발생량43. ··········································································· 81

표 비주거 해체 폐기물의 발생량44. ······································································· 82

표 주거 해체 폐기물의 발생량45. ··········································································· 82

표 주거 개보수의 폐기물 발생량46. ······································································· 83

표 미국 건설관련 건설폐기물의 처리처분 현황47. ․ ········································· 84표 미국 각 주별 건설폐기물 재활용율48. ····························································· 84

- xv -

표 유럽 건설산업의 거래액과 고용비율49. EU ··················································· 85

표 내수소비골재와 건축폐기물 발생과 대체비율50. ··········································· 86

표 유럽 건축폐기물과 재활용51. EU ····································································· 87

표 독일 건설폐기물의 발생 및 처리처분 년52. (1996 )․ ······································ 90표 네덜란드 건설폐기물의 발생 및 처리처분 년53. (1996 )․ ······························ 93표 영국 건설폐기물의 발생 및 처리처분 년54. (1996 )․ ······································ 96표 노르웨이 건설폐기물 발생 및 처리현황55. (2001) ·········································· 97

표 일본의 건설폐기물 대책의 경과56. ································································· 102

표 최종처분장의 잔존용량 및 잔여년수57. ························································· 104

표 일본 건설폐기물의 재활용 사례58. ································································· 113

표 고정식과 이동식 폐콘크리트 제조설비의 장단점59. ··································· 121

표 파쇄물의 크기에 따른 크러셔 종류별 특성60. ············································· 122

표 폐콘크리트 재활용 용도61. ··············································································· 124

표 재생골재 생산을 위한 각국의 기술개발 현황62. ········································· 125

표 일본 재자원화 시설 등의 설치상황63. ··························································· 125

표 조골재의 물리시험 결과64. ··············································································· 130

표 세골재의 물리시험 결과65. ··············································································· 130

표 재생골재를 이용한 콘크리트의 시험시공시의 각종 시험 결과66. ··········· 131

표 조사대상 중간처리업체의 지역별 현황67. ····················································· 133

표 조사대상 중간처리업체의 처리량 및 처리방법 현황68. ····························· 134

표 석분의 이물질함유량 및 최대직경 흡수율 비중69. , , ··································· 164

표 재생골재의 이물질함유량 및 최대직경 흡수율 비중70. 25mm , , ·············· 165

표 굵은 골재의 이물질함유량 및 최대직경 흡수율 비중71. , , ························· 167

표 석분의 입도선별 현황72. ··················································································· 168

표 의 입도선별 현황73. 25mm ················································································ 169

- xvi -

표 의 입도선별 현황74. 40mm ················································································ 170

표 석분과 의 입도선별 현황75. 25mm ·································································· 172

표 재생골재의 압축강도76. ····················································································· 173

표 도로보조기층용 재생골재의 물성77. ······························································· 174

표 재생골재의 중금속 분석결과78. ······································································· 176

표 토양오염환경보전법과 폐기물관리법상의 중금속항목 기준79. ················· 177

표 천연골재의 중금속 분석결과80. ······································································· 177

표 재생골재의 중간처리업체 자체분석 중금속농도81. ····································· 178

표 수도권매립지 반입 건설폐기물의 물리적 조성 비율82. ····························· 179

표 이물질의 성상별 배출원83. ··············································································· 182

표 건설혼합폐기물의 조성내용84. ········································································· 183

표 이물질 제거방법별 선별물질85. ······································································· 184

표 이물질 분리기술에 따른 이물질 제거효율86. ··············································· 185

표 건설혼합폐기물의 선별성적의 예87. ······························································· 185

표 최종선별물의 분포88. ························································································· 191

표 조사대상 중간처리업체에서의 선별이물질 처리89. ····································· 191

표 건설폐재 재활용 목표율90. ··············································································· 196

표 건설리사이클의 실적과 목표치91. ··································································· 197

표 일본 전국의 건설부산물의 재자원화율 년92. (2000 ) ······································ 198

표 신축해체 경우의 폐기물 대책의 개요93. ․ ··················································· 205표 건설부산물에 관한 주요 세제 지원제도 일본94. ( ) ········································ 211

표 건설부산물에 관한 주요 융자 지원제도 일본95. ( ) ········································ 213

표 건설부산물에 관한 주요 채무보증 지원제도 일본96. ( ) ································ 215

- xvii -

그림 차례그림 차례그림 차례그림 차례

그림 시료채취에 사용한 플라스틱 용기1. ····························································· 9

그림 순환골재의 이물질 함유량 시험 방법2. (KS F 2576) ····························· 12

그림 골재의 체가름 시험방법3. (KS F 2502) ····················································· 13

그림 잔 골재의 밀도 및 흡수율 시험 방법4. (KS F 2504) ····························· 14

그림 굵은 골재의 밀도 및 흡수율 시험 방법5. (KS F 2503) ························· 16

그림 순환골재의 중금속 전처리 및 용출실험 과정6. ······································· 17

그림 폐기물 관리법상 폐기물 분류체계7. ··························································· 20

그림 국내 건설폐기물관련 법규 현황8. ······························································· 23

그림 건설폐기물 처리재활용 체계도9. ․ ····························································· 25그림 국내 법규상 건설폐기물과 지정부산물 건설폐재 의 관계10. ( ) ·················· 29

그림 건설폐기물 개념도11. ······················································································· 32

그림 건설부산물 상호간의 관련성12. ····································································· 33

그림 구조물의 전과정 및 건설폐기물 발생과정13. ············································· 40

그림 연도별 주택건설 현황 주체별14. ( ) ·································································· 51

그림 연도별 주택건설 현황 유형별15. ( ) ·································································· 51

그림 연도별 도로현황16. ··························································································· 52

그림 건설폐기물 발생량 성상분포17. ····································································· 67

그림 연도별 건설폐기물 처리비율18. ····································································· 68

그림 지역별 처리방법별 비율19. ············································································· 69

그림 건설폐기물 처리주체별 처리현황20. ····························································· 70

그림 수도권매립지 연도별 폐기물 반입 증감추이21. ········································· 73

그림 미국 에 따른 건설폐기물의 분류22. RCRA ················································· 77

그림 건축물로부터 건설폐기물 발생현황23. ························································· 80

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그림 주거 신축시의 폐기물의 조성24. ··································································· 83

그림 건설폐기물 처리처분 흐름도 노르웨이 단위 천톤25. ( , 2001) ( : )․ ············· 98그림 선별 건설폐기물의 성상분포 노르웨이26. ( , 2001) ······································· 99

그림 지역별 건설폐기물처리설비 처리량 단위 톤27. ( : ) ······································· 99

그림 일본 건설부산물의 분류28. ··········································································· 101

그림 일본 건설폐기물 불법투기량 및 조성 년29. (2000 ) ···································· 104

그림 공사구분별 건설폐기물의 배출량 년30. (1995 ) ············································ 105

그림 공사구분별 건설폐기물의 배출량 년31. (2000 ) ············································ 105

그림 공사구분별 건설발생토 반출량 년32. (2000 ) ················································ 106

그림 건설공사의 이용토사 종류 년33. (2000 ) ························································ 106

그림 건설폐기물 품목별 배출량 년34. (2000 ) ························································ 107

그림 건설폐기물 종류별 배출량 단위 만톤35. ( : ) ··················································· 107

그림 공사구분별 건설폐기물의 재자원화율 년36. (1995 ) ···································· 108

그림 공사구분별 건설폐기물의 재자원화율 년37. (2000 ) ···································· 108

그림 건설폐기물의 종류별 재자원화 현황 년38. (1995 ) ······································ 109

그림 건설폐기물의 종류별 재자원화 현황 년39. (2000 ) ······································ 109

그림 일본 산업폐기물 최종처분량 년40. (2000 ) ·················································· 110

그림 건설폐기물 품목별 최종처분량 년41. (2000 ) ················································ 110

그림 건설폐기물 종류별 최종처분량 단위 만톤42. ( : ) ··········································· 111

그림 일본 건설폐기물의 장래예측43. ··································································· 111

그림 건설폐기물의 일반적인 처리공정 일본44. ( ) ················································ 112

그림 45. 중간처리일원화시스템에 의한 수집운반 중간처리 흐름도 일본, ( )․ ····· 112그림 일본 건설부산물의 활용 예46. ····································································· 115

그림 폐콘크리트 재생골재의 제조공급 시스템47. ․ ········································· 116그림 도로포장재로의 재생이용48. ········································································· 117

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그림 건설폐기물 재생골재 제조의 대표적인 공정49. ······································· 119

그림 포라우더의 단면 담바식 왼쪽 벨트휘더식 오른쪽50. ( - , - ) ························ 126

그림 포라우더의 구조51. ························································································· 127

그림 조골재 재생기52. ····························································································· 128

그림 세골재 재생 시스템53. ··················································································· 129

그림 기계마찰법의 재생골재 제조공정54. ··························································· 132

그림 전체 가열마찰법에 의한 재생골재 제조공정55. ······································· 132

그림 생산 규모별 중간처리 방문업체 현황56. ··················································· 135

그림 년도 중간처리 방문업체의 건설폐기물 처리규모57. 2002 ······················· 136

그림 재생골재의 습식처리 생산공정도58. ··························································· 137

그림 재생골재의 건식처리 생산공정도59. ··························································· 138

그림 의 생산공정도60. S-1 ······················································································ 139

그림 의 생산공정도61. S-2 ······················································································ 140

그림 의 생산공정도62. S-3 ······················································································ 141

그림 의 생산공정도63. S-4 ······················································································ 142

그림 의 생산공정도64. S-5 ······················································································ 143

그림 의 생산공정도65. G-1 ······················································································ 144

그림 의 생산공정도66. G-2 ······················································································ 145

그림 의 생산공정도67. G-3 ······················································································ 146

그림 의 생산공정도68. G-4 ······················································································ 147

그림 의 생산공정도69. C-1 ······················································································ 148

그림 의 생산공정도70. C-2 ······················································································ 149

그림 의 생산공정도71. C-3 ······················································································ 150

그림 의 생산공정도72. C-4 ······················································································ 151

그림 의 생산공정도73. C-5 ······················································································ 152

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그림 의 생산공정도74. K-1 ····················································································· 153

그림 의 생산공정도75. K-2 ····················································································· 154

그림 의 생산공정도76. K-3 ····················································································· 155

그림 의 생산공정도77. K-4 ····················································································· 156

그림 의 생산공정도78. K-5 ····················································································· 157

그림 의 생산공정도79. K-6 ····················································································· 158

그림 의 생산공정도80. J-1 ······················································································· 159

그림 의 생산공정도81. J-2 ······················································································· 160

그림 의 생산공정도82. J-3 ······················································································· 161

그림 의 생산공정도83. J-4 ······················································································· 162

그림 의 생산공정도84. J-5 ······················································································· 163

그림 석분의 입도곡선85. ························································································· 169

그림 골재의 입도곡선86. 25mm ············································································ 170

그림 골재의 입도곡선87. 40mm ············································································ 171

그림 석분의 입도곡선88. ························································································· 172

그림 골재의 입도곡선89. 25mm ············································································ 173

그림 합성수지류와 철근 및 고철류90. ································································· 180

그림 목재류와 종이 및 섬유류등91. ····································································· 181

그림 이물질함유량 분석시의 선별이물질92. ····················································· 181

그림 중간처리업체별 이물질 분리선별 방법93. ················································· 187

그림 건설혼합폐기물에 대한 선별처리시설 흐름94. ········································· 188

그림 중간처리업체별 폐기물 처리처분 방식95. ․ ············································· 189그림 건축현장폐기물의 조사흐름96. (Düsseldorf,1982) ····································· 190

그림 건설폐기물 중간처리업체에서의 물질수지 예97. ····································· 192

그림 건설폐기물 파쇄선별시의 물질수지 예 일본98. ( )․ ·································· 193

- xxi -

그림 건설폐기물 종류별 재활용율99. ··································································· 194

그림 지역별 재활용율100. ······················································································· 195

그림 건설폐기물의 발생 및 처리비율101. ··························································· 195

그림 건설폐기물 종류별 재활용율102. ································································· 196

- xxii -

ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT

The construction wastes were generated 120,141ton/day in 2002 fiscal

year and it has been increased gradually year by year from 1998.

Currently, a little quantity of this construction waste was recycled

and reused, but amount of rests were dumped or piled up any where place

irregularly.

Furthermore, because of the rack of natural aggregates it is needed

for using recycled aggregates recently.

In this study, 25 intermediate construction waste treatment companies

which producing recycled aggregates were surveyed.

The goal and scope of this study were as follows.

- To analyse physical characteristics of recycled aggregates which were

made from construction or demolished wastes, and to propose reusing

countermeasures for recycled aggregates.

- To analyse components of separated wasted matter derived from

intermediate recycling treatment process of aggregates, and to

propose sound disposal methods.

- On the base of material mass balance for recycled aggregates in the

intermediate recycling treatment process, the reasonable estimation

method for the reusing rates of construction waste was proposed.

The results of this study were as follows.

(1) The specific gravity range of recycled aggregates 2.18 2.62 were～

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as similar as that of natural aggregates. And impurity contents range were

0.001 0.340%. These results satisfy the maximum impurities of 1% by～

volume standard. There were three companies exceed the standard

diameter of 100mm.

(2) The compressive strength of first-grade recycled aggregates was

269 315kg/ in S-4, and 259 302kg/ in S-5. This strength was as～ ㎠ ～ ㎠

high quality as natural aggregates.

(3) Cu concentration range was 0.001 1.054 / in 16 companies,～ ㎎ ℓ

Cd concentration range was 0.001 0.004 / in 8 companies. And Hg was～ ㎎ ℓ

not detected in any samples. These results of heavy metal concentration

were not over present standards. So in the point view of this results, it is

considered that the recycled aggregates did not affect any harmful heavy

metal toxicity for on-site use.

(4) The amount of sorting impurity contents was very little from the

recycled aggregate treatment process, So it is not expected economic merit

by incineration.

(5) Reuse rate of construction waste was 83.4% in 2002. And in order

to acquire accurate reuse rate of construction waste it is necessary that

the production mass balance of recycled aggregate and real recycled

amount was considered for calculation.

(6) Our present technology for making recycled aggregate reached

high level in the world, But to promote using recycled aggregate and to

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prevent piled up recycled aggregates we put the public under on obligation

of duty usage officially. The duty usage for sub-base material in road

construction was recommended firstly.

(7) For promotion of construction waste rebuilding or revamping

relevant raw and standards was necessary first. Because the intermediate

processing companies deals with construction wastes is very weak for fund

and competition in market share, the commercial and tax support was need

for sound expansion of recycled aggregate.

(8) To improve the image of reused aggregate and establish a new

paradigm of construction waste, the term of "reused aggregate" changed

to "recycled aggregate" or "green aggregate".

- 1 -

서 론서 론서 론서 론....ⅠⅠⅠⅠ

국내에서 발생되고 있는 건설폐기물량은 년도 월말 기준 톤 일‘02 12 120,141 /

로서 년도에 비하여 증가하였고 이 가운데 수도권지역에서 발생하는’01 10.7%

건설폐기물량이 를 차지하고 있으며48.1% (1) 재건축과 재개발등의 활성화로 증

가하고 있는 건설폐기물의 발생량은 년대의 도시집중화 현상에 따른‘60 ’70～

최근의 건설 수요 등을 감안할 때 더욱 늘어날 것으로 전망되고 실제로 년‘98

이후 매년 지속적으로 증가하는 추세에 있다.

건설폐기물은 큰 유해성을 갖고 있지 않은 반면에 발생량이 많아 큰 사회적

문제를 일으킬 수도 있지만 비교적 쉽게 재활용할 수 있으며 자연골재를 대체

할 수 있는 장점을 가진 중요한 건설자원이다.

지난 년대 이후 경제성장과 이에 수반된 국토건설 및 주거환경 개선사업60

의 추진과 함께 건설산업에 대한 시설 및 투자규모가 비약적으로 증가하였고,

필연적인 결과로 건설폐기물의 발생량도 급속히 늘어나게 된 것이다.

이러한 양적인 증가에 반하여 건설폐기물로 제조한 재생골재가 재활용되지

못하고 다량 적체되고 있으며 또한 빈번하고 광범위하게 불법적으로 투기되고

있는 실정이지만 폐콘크리트 등은 재활용기술을 통해 도로보조기층재 콘크리,

트용 재생골재 등으로 재활용할 수 있는 자원이기 때문에 쓰레기로 방치하거

나 단순히 매립 처분할 것이 아니라 재생골재의 품질수준을 감안하여 현황파

악과 재활용방안을 강구하는 것이 필요하게 되었다.

현재 건축자재로서 사용하고 있는 골재는 국내 천연골재가 고갈되어 감에

따라서 국외로부터 많은 양을 수입하고 있는데 반하여 이를 대체할 수 있는

자재가 현저하게 부족한 실정이다.

더구나 석산에서의 자연골재의 생산량 감소 영향으로 골재의 구입이 점점

어려워지고 있고 강이나 육상골재 및 바다모래의 공급도 매우 부족하여 골재

- 2 -

의 가격 상승과 함께 공급부족 현상은 점점 심화되어 가고 있다 따라서 현.

건설폐기물 중간처리업체에서 재생산하고 있는 재생골재의 활용은 매우 시급

한 현안과제라 할 것이다.

또한 재생골재의 제조과정에서 발생하는 선별이물질의 처리방법이 법규에

명시되어 있지 않아 이에 대한 적정처리 방안에 대한 고찰도 필요하며 현재

건설폐기물에 대한 배출업체에서 보고한 처리실적보고에 의하면 년 월말‘02 12

현재 재활용율이 에 달하나 중간처리업체에 위탁처리한 전량이 모두 재83.4%

활용되는 것으로 산정되고 있어 중간처리업체에서 재생골재로 생산되는 수율

을 감안한 합리적인 재활용율 산정방안을 검토할 필요성도 대두되었다.

건설폐기물의 재활용사례는 독일의 경우 혼바흐 건자재매장에서는 재생건자

재를 다량 판매하고 있으며 재활용업체에서는 폐콘크리트를 자갈 모래 흙으, ,

로 분리하여 도로건설 건물지반공사에 사용하고 있다 일본에서도 운송비용을, .

절약하기 위하여 지역별로 에코파크를 건설하여 폐콘크리트를 재활용하고 있

는 데 동경의 사무소와ACTEC(Advanced Construction Technology Center)

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