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Essential Math of Chemistry. “No human endeavor can be called science if it can not be demonstrated mathematically.” Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). 5.2 kg (2.9 m). 4.8 kg (23 s). kg-m. =. =. (18 s)(1.3 s). (5.2 s)(37 s). s 2. kg. s. The Importance of Units. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Essential Math of Chemistry
“No human endeavor can be called science if it can not be demonstrated mathematically.”
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
The Importance of Units
Units must be carried into the
answer, unless they cancel.
0.64 kg-ms2
5.2 kg (2.9 m)
(18 s)(1.3 s)=
4.8 kg (23 s)
(5.2 s)(37 s)= 0.57 kg
s
Basic Algebra
Solve the following for x. x + y = z
x + y = z – y – y
x = z – y
x and y are connected by addition. Separate them using subtraction. In general, use opposing functions to separate things.
The +y and –y cancel on the left,
leaving us with…
Basic AlgebraSolve for x. x – 24 = 13
x – 24 = 13 +24 +24
x = 37
x and 24 are connected by subtraction. Separate them using the opposite function: addition.
The –24 and +24 cancel on the left,
leaving us with…
Basic Algebra
Solve for x. F = k x
F = k xk k
x = Fk __
x and k are connected by multiplication. Separate them using the opposite function: division.
( )__1k
F = k x( )__1k
(or)
The two k’s cancel on the left,
leaving us with…
x = 87 __
Basic Algebra
Solve for x. 8 = 7 x
8 = 7 x7 7
x and 7 are connected by multiplication. Separate them using the opposite function: division.
( )__17
8 = 7 x( )__17
(or)
The two 7’s cancel on the right,
leaving us with…
___BAHTR
x =
Basic AlgebraSolve for x. ___
xBA = TR
H___
BAH = xTR
One way to solve this is to cross-multiply. BAH = xTR
Then, divide both sides by TR.
The answer is…
1TR( )___1
TR( )___
Solve for T2, where…
P1 = 1.08 atm
P2 = 0.86 atm
V1 = 3.22 L
V2 = 1.43 L
T1 = 373 K
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
____ T1
P1V1 = P2V2
T2
____
1P1V1
( )____ 1P1V1
( )____
T2 = P1V1
______P2V2T1
130T2 = (1.08 atm)(3.22 L)_____________________(0.85 atm)(1.43 L)(373 K)
= K
A General Procedure for Solving Problems
• Read the problem carefully and make a list of the “knowns” and the ‘unknowns”
• Look up all needed information– Your lecture notes will have much, if not all, of the
needed information
• Work out a plan and, following your plan, obtain an answer by carrying out the required math.
• Check over your work– This is best done by estimating your answer– Ask yourself: “Does the answer seem reasonable?”
How to Succeed in Chemistry
• Learn the language
• Use the illustrations
• Review your notes frequently
• Work as many problems as possible
• Do NOT cram for exams.
Hollow PennyData Table
Pre-1982 Post-1982 Post-1982with scratches
Initial mass 3.086 g 2.354 g 2.329 g
Final mass 3.067 g 2.304 g 0.130 g
What metal disappeared from the penny...copper or zinc?
Score side of penny in 3 locations
Place penny in HCl acid overnight
Percent Composition
www.usmint.gov
THE END
This PowerPoint has been
made possible through
LOTS of my free time!
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Episode 4 - Modeling The Unseen
Episode 3 – Measurement: The Foundation of Chemistry
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