Fuel QualitySupply ● Delivery ● Performance

Presented by: Tim A. Rivard, MBAManaging Partner, Fuel Right Global, LLC

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About Us

Established mid 90’s18 years R&D

Amine chemistry

#1 and #2 distillatesDiesel fuelHeating oilUnleaded fuel

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Bob Tatnall, PE

35 years with DupontMaterials Research EngineerExpertise – Bacterial Growth & MICExample Research Publications

NACE“Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion – Corrosion Fundamentals”“Identification of MIC”Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steel in Recirculating Cooling Water”Many others….

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International Distribution

Mission

Develop solutions that eliminate sludge in #2 distillates, prevent sludge recurrence, stop MIC corrosion and optimize engine and storage tank performance

Base of ResearchUnderstand how biofilms develop in #2 distillatesSeek out the “Achilles heel”Determine economical solutions

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Value Proposition

Engine Performanc

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Fuel Filtering & Delivery

Fuel Storage & Supply

Holistic fuel quality management

Clean Fuel - free of microbial contamination, corrosion by-products and water from the source of supply enhances the performance of the overall system by reducing maintenance and eliminating factors affecting engine performance.

What is Fuel Right?

FUEL RIGHT® - Unique technologyProprietary formulation of filming amine technologyNOT a conventional diesel fuel additiveNOT a biocide

Proven over 19 years of field experience

Properties of Fuel Right

Form a protective coatingWaterproof barrierInhibit corrosionIsolative (electrical impedence)

Penetrate the biofilm (Sludge)Impeding the growth and displace existing biofilmsDissolving the sludge back into a microscopic form to be dispersed safely into fuel and burned off.

Clean and control downstream deposits in the fuel systemFuel injectorsIntake valvesFuel pumpFilters

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Fuel Right® Versus Conventional Fuel Additives and Biocides

Feature Conventional Fuel Additive Biocide Fuel Right® Comments

Cetane Boost þ   þ reduce ignition delay (substitute for cetane)

Detergent þ   þ powerful surfactant

Dispersant þ   þFuel Right allows minute amounts of water it to be safely passed through the system

Lubricity þ   þ Improves Lubricity

Stabilizer þ þ Neutralizes free floating acids in fuel

Dissolve Sludge     þ "melt" binding agent that holds bacteria colonies together

Prevent Sludge     þ Hinder bio-film formation

Kill Bacteria   þ  

Clean Filters     þ dissolve deposited (sloughed) bio-films

Clean Strainers     þ dissolve sludge that blocks strainers

Prevent Fuel Line Freezing þ Fuel Right 15K includes anti-freeze ingredients

Corrosion Coating     þ Very effective corrosion coating behind (see 7 year test)

Help prevent MIC     þ Eliminate bacterial colonies preventing MIC

Reduce particulates     þ Clean injectors improving fuel atomization

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Fuel SupplyStorage, Maintenance

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Key Diesel Issues

Oxidative Stability

Microbial ActivityBacteria & Water

CorrosionMicrobially Influenced Corrosion (MIC)

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Oxidative Stability Factors

ULSD is more prone to oxidationRemoval of aromatic solventsFormation of peroxides during ageingCorrosion by-products (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni – oxidation catalysts)Thermal stress

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Microbial Activity

Form “complex” BiocoloniesAerobic/anaerobic bacteria

Produce organic/inorganic acidsOxidation contributors

Corrosion (MIC) produces oxidation catalysts

Tank failureMetal catalysts contribute to oxidation process

Slough deposits (Sludge) through fuel system

Filter clogging / contamination

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Bacteria – defining the problem

1. Bacteria attach to surfaces

2. Multiply and produce slime formers

3. Develop complex bacterial colonies (biofilms)

5. Sloughing 6. Re-attach downstream4. Highly developed bio-film

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Presence of Bio-film (Sludge)

Accelerates fuel degradation

Increases total acid number (TAN)Decreases corrosion inhibitor effectivenessIncreases fuel’s peroxide numberReduces fuel oxidative stability

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The Diesel Fuel “Ecosystem”

Hydro-peroxides

Bacteria

Water

Oxidation Catalysts

Fe, Mn, Co, Ni

Corrosion

All factors affect fuel quality, stability and performance

Interactive relationship

These factors are the Root Causes of diesel fuel stability Issues

BACTERIAL SLUDGE

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Fuel Right Process

Fuel Right clarifies fuelDeposits amine corrosion coatingScavenges peroxides (stabilizer)Dissolves bacterial sludge (producer of organic acids)Hinders agglomeration of particles (metal catalysts) to prevent formation of gumsCleans & lubricates injectorsReduces surface tension and improves “wetting” of fuels

Enhances atomization

Clarifies Fuel

Coats Surfaces

Dissolves Sludge

Scavenges peroxides

Prevents GUM

Formation

Cleans and Lubricates Injectors

Enhances Injector

Atomization

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Dissolve Sludge (Bacteria Colonies)

Fuel Right melts binding agent holding bacteria colonies together

Prevents formation of new sludge

Developed “jar” test at Brookhaven Laboratory

Fuel Right Dissolves Sludge

Fuel Right melts the “glue” that holds the bacterial colonies together.

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The Choice is Clear!

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Customer Results

Fuel Right Algae-X Original SampleMarch 18, 2013

Original Sample Algae-X Fuel Right July 21, 2013

Samples provided by Seasparrow Group, Perth, Australia.

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Fuel Right versus Fuel Additives

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Why NOT Use Biocides?

FACT: Biocides are widely used today because they were the ONLY option for many decades. However:

Biocides are inherently a serious health hazardBiocides only kill planktonic bacteria (not sessile)Biocides do not prevent sludge/MIC corrosionBacteria mutate to resist biocidesBiocides are EXPENSIVE to buy and use

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Fuel Right vs Biocides

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Fuel Right® & Mechanical Cleaning

Suitable for use with cleaning processFuel Right dislodges bio-film

Mechanical cleaning alone will not remove bio-film

Enhances cleaning processDeposits corrosion coatingFuel will store longerFuel Right will continue dissolve trapped microbial contamination after cleaning

Baffled tanksCornersWeld seams

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Microbially Influenced Corrosion

Anaerobic bacteriaExcrete organic acid

pH of biofilm (sludge) 5-5.5Electrolyte

Ion exchangeGalvanic corrosion cell

Accelerated corrosionPremature tank failure

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MIC Examples

Evidence

MIC Examples

Heating Oil TankUnderground Storage

MIC Examples

MIC Affects Fuel Pumps

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Corrosion By-Products

Contributors to fuel oxidation

OHFeCO3

Cl-

Fe2+

SO2+4

Mn

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Corrosion Coating

Filming amineMono-molecular film

Hinders formation of soluble salts sourced from base metal

Salts act as oxidation catalysts

Electrochemical impedanceImpedes formation of corrosion cells

Hydrophobic / water proof

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Fuel Right® STOPS Corrosion!

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PMAA Award 2014

Petroleum Marketing Association of AmericaRepresents 8000 companiesVoted Best “Anti-corrosion diesel fuel treatment”

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Conclusions

Diesel EcosystemMany “Interconnected” environmental/operational issues

Fuel RightSolves these issues

It PAYS to Fuel Right!

Hydro-peroxides

Bacteria

Water

Oxidation Catalysts

Fe, Mn, Co, Ni

Corrosion

SLUDGE

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Fuel DeliveryFuel Lines, Filters, Strainers, Lubricity

Fuel Right and Fuel Filters

Clean Fuel = less strain on fuel filter

Filming amines also coat filter cartridge and all other fuel system surfaces (fuel lines, pumps etc.)

Dissolves sloughed bio-film deposits on filter

Extend filter life 2-3x

Eliminate filter plugging due to sludge

Biofilm can be Transparent

Filters appear similarFar left (1) is pluggedSecond (2) is partially pluggedThird (3) is partially pluggedFourth (4) is operating fineEach filter weighs less as you go from left to right (biofilm (sludge) increases weight of filter)Photos show results of progressive treatment with Fuel Right over 4 fuel bulk treatments – filters cleaned!

1 2 3 4

Filters removed from a boiler system

Fuel Right Results!

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Lubricity

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Lubricity (Euro)

Fuel Sample

1st Measurement 2nd Measurement Average Value

D1 526 524 525D1 + 15K 461 457 459

D2 445 444 445D2 + 15K 442 433 438

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Engine Performance

Ignition, Combustion, Particulate, NOx Emissions, Diesel Exhaust Fluid,

Fuel Economy

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Injector Fouling

Power Loss6-12%

Increased fuel consumptionIncreased exhaust particulateSevere conditions

Failure to startPoor driveability

Reference: SAE International“Deposit Control in Modern Diesel Fuel Injection”

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Surfactant Properties

Amines are natural surfactants

Control deposits in the fuel system

InjectorsIntake valvesCombustion chamberInjection pumps

Piezo electric injector with 167,000 km – using Fuel Right

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Ignition/Combustion

• Fuel Right reduces droplet size (atomization)

• Improved fuel vapour• Shortens ignition delay• Results

– Improved combustion cycle– Improve fuel efficiency– Reduced particulate

• Evidence– Reduction in Particulate

• Euro Test > 6%

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Exhaust Particulate Reduction

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 580

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Pre AdditiveInitial AdditivePost-Drive-Additive

Pre Additive RESULTS Initial Additive RESULTS Post-Drive-Additive RESULTSMass Average [mg/m3] 0.779 Mass Average [mg/m3] 0.687 Mass Average [mg/m3] 0.621Mass Minimum [mg/m3] 0.024 Mass Minimum [mg/m3] 0.036 Mass Minimum [mg/m3] 0.031Mass Maximum [mg/m3] 12.6 Mass Maximum [mg/m3] 11.2 Mass Maximum [mg/m3] 9.23

20% reduction in exhaust particulate with 15KTest Performed by Mammoth Filters, Australia

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Summary

Engine Performanc

e

Fuel Filtering & Delivery

Fuel Storage & Supply

Clean, Clear Fuel Clean, Clear Filters Clean Injectors

• No sludge• No water• No corrosion

• Filter clogging eliminated• Longer filter life

• Smoother Operation• Reduced Emissions• Optimal Fuel Economy

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Treatment Ratios

Bulk Rate 1:15,0001 litre treats 15,000 litres, 1 ml / 15 litresBest suited for agitated tanks with high exchange rate

Shock dose 1:6,0001 litre treats 6,000 litres, 1 ml / 6 litresSuited to long-term storage tanksShock dosing 2x / year enhances amine corrosion coatingShock dose and let sit 21-30 days prior to cleaning tanksShock dose severely contaminated tanks