gabriel Tagauri

qarTuli folkloris kvali

`vefxistyaosanSi~

Tbilisi

2017

3

Sesavali

arakadac ki Tqmula legendebi „vefxistyaosansa~ da mis avtorze. SeiZleba iTqvas, es erTaderTi qar Tuli nawarmoebia, romlis irgvlivac Seqmnila uamravi xalxuri Tqmuleba Tu legenda. xalxis cno­bierebaSi, odiTganve didi pativiscemiTa da siyvar­uliT sargeblobda TviTon poemaca da poemis Sem­qmnelic; faqtobrivad, xalxma sakralur nawarmo ebad Seracxa „vefxistyaosani~, rac kargad Cans, Tundac iqidan, rom mTavari personaJebis saxelebi daarqves TavianT Svilebs, im personaJebisa, romelnic muxl­Cauxrelad ibrZvian sikeTis borotebaze gamarjvebi­saTvis, romelTa saxec mudmivi dinamikidan ikveTeba da sabolood, maTi moqmedebis Sedegad mkiTxveli igebs da aRiqvams poemis dauZle vel da ukvdav idea­suls (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs: tarieli, avTandili, fridoni, asmaTi, nestani, TinaTini). amgvard, poemis Seqmna gaxda sawindari qarTul sivrceSi axa li saxe lebis gaCena­damkvidrebisa da metic, maT iseTi aqtiuri gamoyeneba hpoves SemdgomSi, rom dResac ki ar daukargavT aqtualoba da xsenebul saxelebs axlac ki aniWeben axalSobilebs. albaT, didi pa­tivi iyo bavSvisaTvis, rodesac mas „tariels~ daar­qmev dnen, radganac garegnuli da aseve Sinagani TvalsazrisiT, is swored tariels miamsgavses. aRniSnuli, SesaZloa, mSoblebis mxridan Svilis dalocvis ritualadac gaviazroT: maT, jer kidev, mcirewlovan Svils, daucvelsa da umweos, usur ves ta rie lis ga regnoba, axovaneba, gamZleoba („Wirsa Si gan gamagreba isre unda, viT qvitkirsa~), brZo­

redaqtori: amiran arabuli

© gabriel Tagauri, 2017

gamomcemloba `musfondi~, Tbilisi, 2017

ISBN 978-9941-27-180-9

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lisunarianoba, Seud rekeloba, dasaxuli miznisa­ken swrafvis survilis gauqarvebloba da momavali dideba. bevrma maTganma poemis personaJebi re alur pirovnebebadac ki aRiqva, gaacocxla da gaaTamaSa qarTul realobaSi, imi tom rom isini uzadod da unaklod bunebrivi gaxldaT qarTuli azrovnebisaT­vis, SesaniSnavad miesadaga gamogonil pirovnebaTa xasiaTi qarTul yofas, moTavsda ararealuri „re­aluris~ CarCoSi da damaxinjebis magier, gaalamaza da gaamdidra qarTuli si namdvile. „vefxistyaosan­ma~ CamoZerwa misabaZi da axleburi gmirebi, visT­visac siyvarulisaTvis Tavganwirva aRaraa ucxo, isini umRerian, ugaloben, Sehxarian, Seh frfvinvian siyvaruls, rogorc zecadamamaRlebel, aRmyvanel movlenas:

„wagikiTxavs, siyvarulsa mociqulni ragvar weren?

viT ityvian, viT aqeben? can, cnobani miaferen!

siyvaruli aRgvamaRlebs, viT eJvanni amas JReren...~

gamomdinare aqedan, rusTavelma qarTul sinamdvi­leSi dabada axali tradicia, romelsac kidev sxva mravali saTuTi tradiciis Seqmna mohyva. Cven aq mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs hagiografiaSi damkvidrebu­li xazis gagrZeleba­ganviTareba, rac gansxeule­bas hpovebs `qristes mxedris~ transformirebaSi, rom poemaSi moyvasisaTvis, megobrisaTvis Tavdade­ba qristesTvis sicocxlis gawirvas, mowameobriv Rvawls utoldeba. amitomac, imgvarad axlobeli aRmoCnda qarTveli xalxisaTvis araerTgzis SeniS­nuli nawarmoebi, rom maT araerTi interpretacia SemogvTavazes poe ma „vefxistyaosnisa~ da Seqmnes kidec e. w. „xalxu ri vefxistyaosnebi~, igive `tari­eliana~, rac kar gad warmoaCina qarTulma samec­niero sivrcem. poemis xalxurobaze muSaobdnen is­

eTi titani profesor­mecnierebi, rogorebic iyvnen: vukol beriZe, aleq sandre xaxanaSvili, mixeil Ci­qovani, maT Soris, did ma vaJa­fSavelamac miaqcia Tavisi yuradReba `vefxis tyaosans~ da CaerTo am mw­vave literaturul kritikaSi. swored maTs saxels ukavSirdeba lite raturul skolaSi am samecniero mimarTulebis, gnebavT qvedargis Camoyalibeba. zemo­dasaxelebul mkvle varTa samagido kvlevebma xeli Seuwyves mRvive interesis gaCenas Semdgom TaobebSi da dResdReobiT ukve uamravi naSromi arsebobs poemis xalxur motivebTan da warmomavlobasTan dakavSire­biT. vfiq robT, vaJa­fSavelas warmoCena literatu­ris kritikosad, da ara­mwerlad, erTob sasrgeblo da sa Wiro saqme unda iyos, vinaidan emsaxureba mwerlis naklebad cnobili mxaris warmoCenas. aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi misasalmebeli faqtic: am cota xnis win, Tanamedroveobis gamorCeulma mweralma da SesaniSnavma mkvle varma b­n rostom CxeiZem daiwyo pavle ingoroyvas `rusTvelianas~ xelaxali gamoce­ma (sul gamova 4 tomi), rac, udaod, did erovnul saqmed migvaCnia. gasul saukuneSi saqarTvelos sof­lebSi SexvdebodiT wera­kiTxvis ucodinar xalxs, romelnic miuxedavad wera­kiTxvis arcodnisa, iy­vnen saqveynod cnobili ganTqmuli „mTqmelebi~, e. i. xalxuri sibrZnis zepiri gziT gamavrcelebel­ni. (Sen. zepiri gziT gavrceleba oTx moTxovnaTagan erT­erT kriteriums warmoadgens „xalxurobisa~, rac wonad mniSvnelobas iZens masalis xalxurad miCnevaSi). sakvirveli is aris swored, rom maT mTe­li vefxistyaosani zepirad icodnen, Tu mTeli ara, _ naxevari mainc, romelTac „mesaganZureebs~ eZax­dnen. vfiqrobT, sityva „saganZuriT~ Semkoba „vef­xistyaosnisa~, gamoxatavs qar TvelTa mowiwebiT da­mokidebulebas aRniSnuli wminda da Seuryvneli Se moqmedebiTi naxelavisadmi da igi aranair damate­

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bas aRar saWiroebs, amiT yvelaferi naTqvamia. yove­live zemoTqmulidan, „vefxistyaosani~ gvevlineba sakulto mniSvnelobis nawarmoebad, amitom misi mxo­lod literaturul planze ganxilva araa swori, is ganxilul unda iqnes eTnologiur, folklorul, Teologiur, istoriul, fsiqologiur, socialur, sociolingvistur, leqsikologiur donezec. bevri cdila poemis axsnas aRmosavluri samyarodan, naxu­loben iq aRmosavluri kulturisaTvis damaxasia­Tebel atributebs, Cvens mokrZalebul mizans ki warmoadgens, warmovaCinoT poemis fabulis qarTuli samyarodan momdinareoba, da ara _ aRmosavluridan, sxvagvarad, amovxsnaT poemaSi aRwerili ambis qar­Tul fesvebTan Tanaziarobis saidumlo.

qarTuli folkloris kvali

„vefxistyaosanSi~

XIX s­is bolos al. xaxanaSvilma wamoayena idea, romlis mixedviTac SoTa rusTavelis „vefxistyao­sans~ safuZvlad unda dadeboda xalxSi gavrceleb­uli tarielis ambavi; miuTiTebda ambis zepiri gziT aRmosavleTidan Semosvlis SesaZleblobazec; igi gazeT ̀ iveriaSi~ werda: (N25, 1890w. 1 Tebervali, xuT­SabaTi; statiis saxeli: ̀ xalxSi darCenili tarielis ambavi da SoTas `vefxis tyaosani~, gv. 2­3)~ xalxSi darCenili tarielis ambavi jerjerobiT viciT xuT variantad. vrceli da damTavrebuli xal xuri `vef­xis­tyaosani~ Cawerilia fSaveTSi d. x­lis* mier.Aamas garda nawyvetebi am poemisa Segvxvda `iveriis~ 45­e nomerSi (1888w.) da me 224 nomerSi (1887 w.); ori variantic me Cavwere yizlarSi (N131, 1888w.) da biw­

mendSi (N165, 1888w.)... yovel amis gamo kaci uneb lied ekiTxeba Tavis Tavs, rogor aix snas es erT­gvaroba deda­azrisa da gansxvaveba mis formalur SemuSavebi­sa? SoTas poemam imoqmeda eris mexsiereba zed da daaswavla, rogorc erisganve Sedgenili moTxroba, Tu saerod gavrcelebulma `vefxis­tyaosanma~ mis­ca masala poets tarielis ambavi salite raturo, xelovnebiT agebul nawerad gadaeqcia? Tu SoTas `vefxis­tyaosanma~ daaCnia Tvis zed moqmedebis kva­li saero leqsebs, maSin rad aris Si naarsiT sak­virveli msgavseba da formiT didi gansxvaveba maT Soris?Aazri, mokled gamoTqmuli xalxis poemaSi, xelovnur nawarmoebSi Sevsebulia da gandidebul­gazviadebulia. ...(mkvlevars sailustraciod mohyav­da strofebi rogorc SoTas, aseve xalxuri `vef­xistyoasnidan~ da gvTavazobda Sepiris pirebiT Se dareba­analizs). Semdeg agrZelebda: SoTas ufro dawvrilebiT aqvs aRwerili piri­saxe, tani, Casacme­li, iaraRi tarielisa, vidre saero poemaSi vxedavT. poeti aZlevs sisrules, xelovneba Txoulobs azris gansazRvrul damTavrebas. nawyveti leqsebi xalxisa gardaqmnila literaturul poemad. poets Seutania kacis amamaRlebeli da ganmaspetakebeli grZnoba siy varulisa, Tavidgan bolomde gautarebia es az ri da amiT SeuerTebia dawyvetili saero leqsebi. So Tas gaumSvenebia xalxuri poema fi losofiuris mosazrebiT, metyvelis eniT, poeturis aRmafreniT. ...SeiZleba es Sinaarsi aziidam iyos gadmosuli da erSi gavrcelebuli. am SemTxve vaSi erTi mosazreba unda warmoiTqvas: Semotana tarielis ambisa pira­dad SeiZleboda, radganac ver vxedav am SemTxvevaSi literaturul gavlenas sxva erisas qarTvelebzed. ...SeiZleba azri saero da saliteraturo vefxis­tyaosnisa ekuTvnodes im ciklis nawarmoebaTa, ro­

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melic agebulia esred wodebul mosiarule, anu moarul siuJetzed, rogorc maga liTad Cveni solo­mon brZeni, sibrZne balavarisa. am mosiarule ambav­Ta Sesaxeb ixile am sagnis mcodnesi, akademikosis veselovskis sxva­da­sxva Txzu lebani (CamoTvlaa)... rom saero tarielis zRapari ufrosia xniT Tavis saliteraturo moZmezed, amas amtkicebs kidev erTi sabuTi, Cvenis azriT, friad sayuradRebo. aqamdis cnobil yvela variantebSi gamoukleblad ipoeba er­Ti leqsi. im leqsSi dasaxelebulia ori kaci: edem da omare.

`adeqiT, aiyareniT,Zmano: edem da omare, is kaci aq momiyvaneT,

vin aris velTa mdgomare.~

`edem da omare~ SoTas poemaSi ar ipoveba. poet ma imaTis saxelebis aRniSvna saWirod ar icno. amiT, rasakvirvelia, imis qmnilebas ara akldeba­ra, magram Sesadareblad­ki gvaZlevs gamosadeg Rones. `edem da omare~ qarTuli saxelebi ar aris; saca tarieli, farsadani da sxva ipoeba, iqve unda moiZebnos am or `ZmaTa~ saxelic. Tu SoTas poema gavrcelda xalxSi, maSin imisi sami usaxelo Zma usaxelod darCebod­nen saero gardmonacemSiac.~ (citatis dasasruli). vfiqrobT, SesaZloa mZlavr kontrsaagrumentacio mosazrebad gamodges is Semdgomi garemoeba, rom rusTavelis poemamac, Tavis mxriv, gavlena iqonia xalxur warmodgenebze da STaagona mas ramdenime brZnuli gamonaTqvami, ai magaliTad: „bindisgva ria sofeli, ese­Tur, amad binddebis, kokasa Sigan raca dgas, igive warmodindebis.~ (vefx.) _ „bindisferia sofeli, TandaTan ufro binddeba, ra aris Cveni si­cocxle, CitiviT gagvifrindeba!~ (xalx.); Sen. SeniS­

nul msgavsebaze yuradReba mimaqcevina prof. mindia ugrexeliZem. vaxtang kotetiSvilma Tavis wignSi `xalxuri poezia~ 1934 gv. 5 Semogvinaxa sakma od sain­tereso varianti `bindisferia sofelisa~ romelsac srulad davimowmebT:

bindis feria sofeli

bindis feria sofeli, ufro da ufro binddeba, ra ari Cami sicocxle CitiviT gagvifrindeba. wamogeweva sibere mgeliviT wamogvardeba, sikvdili gzaSi giyelebs, Tvalebi gaavdardeba. mogigoneben Svilebi, mzes Sexedaven maRliTa: sofelSi SemoaRamda, bindma ZaRliviT dafliTa. neta sicocxlis mamgoni RmerTi Tu jojoxeTia? bevri simware minaxavs, bevric sxva gadamxedia.

imave wignSi (gv.2­3) moyvanili gaxlavT nimuSi, sa­xelwodebiT `leqso amogTqom~; is ase iwyeba:

leqso amogTqom oxero

Toro iqneba vkvdebode,

da Sen ki Cemad saxsovrad

saaqaosa rCebode,

gimRerden Cemebr sworebi,

fanduris xmaze hyvebode,

qveyana mxiarulobdes

da me saflavSi vlpebode.

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cxadi xdeba, dReisaTvis arsebul amave saxelwo­debis qarTul xalxur simReraSi teqstis pirveli nawili aRebulia zemomoxmobili leqsidan `bindis feria sofeli~ xolo danarCeni nawili ki Sevsebu­lia leqsidan `leqso amogTqom~. erTi versiiT, es leqsi ekuTvnis mixa xelaSvils da amdenad, is aRar iqneba `xalxuri~ vinaidan ucvleli wesis Tanax­mad, aucilebelia anonimurobis dacva; amito macaa rom xalxur leqssa Tu zRapars avtori ar hyavs da swored es faqti apirobebs variantulobis movle­nasac. rogorc Cans, aramarto cnobili piri, sax­elmoxveWili mwerali mimarTavda xalxuri nawar­moebis saliteraturod qcevas, aramed TviTon xal xic ereoda uxeSad da TviTneburad asxvafereb­da manamde Seqmnil nimuSebs da xalxurad asaRebda, metsac getyviT, araa gamoricxuli romelime erT konkretul pirovnebas gadaekeTebina xalxuri uZve­lesi nawarmoebi, Tu mTlianad ara, nawili mainc da amgvari saxecvlili variantiT moeca, Semdeg ki gaseaRebina originalad. amis faqti zemoT vaCveneT simReris teqstTan dakavSirebiT. rasakvirvelia, aseT viTarebaSi rTulia gamorkveva imisa, Tu rom­eli maTgania originali. Cven mainc migvaCnia, rom ase gadaWriT Tqma da mtkicebuleba im azrisa, rom tarielis ambavi Semosulia aziidan moaruli siuJe­tis wyalobiT, _ arasworia, Tan sakmaod saxifaToc. a. xaxanaSvils vaJa­fSavela gamoexmaura weriliT `vefxis­tyaosnis~ Sesaxeb (oriode sityva pasuxad b­n a. xaxanaSvils)~ romelic dabeWda gazeT iveriis 39­e nomerSi, 1890w. 21 Tebervali, oTxSabaTi; gv.1­2. moviyvanT amonaridebs, maS: `cxadia yvelasaTvis, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs meTods samecniero movlenaTa gasageb­Sesagneblad. meTodi sasworia, sazomi, rom­liTac unda aiwonos da gaizomos asawoni da gas­azomi. xSirad SeiZleba, rom es sazomi yalbi iyos

da maSin sandobi ar aris am gvaris saswor­sazomiT aReb­mimcemi kaci. ... b­ns a. xaxanaSvils swored es yalbi saswori auRia xelSi `vefxis­tyaosanis~ is­toriis gasarCevlad. winaswar Sedgenilis azriT dauwyia sabuTebis kvleva­Cxreka, Tumca­ki TiTonac kargad icis, rom jer sabuTebis Segnebaa saWiro da mere azri Tavis Tavad dadgindeba, xolo maSin SeiZleba azris gamoyvana. ... (mokled ganixilavda istoriul WrilSi. SevniSnavT, poemis siuJetis, Si­naarsis misadagebis mcdeloba realur ambavTan da­beWdilia amave gazeTis amave wlis me­14 nomerSi, 19 ianvari, paraskevi, saxeliT `vefxis­tyaosnis~ gamo; avtoris vinaoba ver davadgineT, radgan fsevdonimiT ixseniebs Tavs) gagrZeleba: `vefxis­tyaosnis~ lit­eraturuls Camomavlobas isic amtkicebs, rom sxva­da­sxva taeps sxva­da­sxva riTma(daboloveba) aqvs da saero `vefxis­tyaosanSiac~ amasve vxedavT. namdvils erovnul leqsebs am Tvisebas ver vamCnevT: romeli dabolovebaca aqvs leqsis pirvels striqons, igive daboloveba rCeba yvela striqons. Cvens xalxs ar uyvars, sazogadod rom vsTqvaT, leqsad zRaprebi da verc ipovniT qarTuls­erovnuls zRapars galeq­sils. rac galeqsilebia, isinic ucxo naTesavisani arian(beJaniani, eTeriani da sxv.) ... ̀ nawyveti leqsebi xalxisa gardaqmnila literaturul poemad. poets Seutania kacis amamaRlebeli da ganmaspetakebeli grZnoba siyvarulisa, Tavidgan bolomde gautarebia es azri da amiT SeuerTebia dawyvetili saero leq­sebi. SoTas gaumSvenebia xalxuri poemac filoso­fiuris mosazrebiT, metyvelis eniT, poeturis aR­mafreniT.~ rogor? nawyveti leqsebi iyo da mere am leqsebs azri araferi hqonda? amis Tqma saSineleba rom ar iyos, sasacilo iqneboda. rCeba sawyals So­Tas marto burTi da moedani gmirebis tanisamosis, piri­saxis, abjar­afqrisa, da amis gamoxatvas xom

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azri ara hqvian. aq raRa SuaSia, Cemo kargo, aRmafre­na poeturi?! gamovida, rom rusTavels marto erT­manerTze miukowiwebia es leqsebi, mouquCebia erTad, rogorc exla agroveben bevrni saxalxo leqsebs. ... SevadaroT saero `vefxis­tyaosnisa~ da literatu­rulis gamoTqma, Tu marTla erTmaneTs ara hgavs: saliteraturo: ̀ naxes ucxo moyme vinme, jda mtirali wylisa pirsa~ da sx. saero: `erTi kaci zRvisa pirsa namtirali gvanda gmirsa~ meti­Ra msgavseba SeiZleba wyobiT, riTmiT, Tu SinaarsiT? b­ns xaxanaSvils moh­yavs sxva alagi poemidam da ambobs: `azri mokled gamoTqmuli xalxis poemaSi xelovnur nawarmoebSi Sevsebulia da gandidebul­gazviadebuli~ xolo sa­e ro `vefxis­tyaosani~ moWriT gvacnobebso. Sevada­roT es SoTas `gandideb­gazviadeba~ da `moWriT

cno beba~ xalxisa erTmaneTs. ai es magaliTi:

saliteraturo: xvarazmSas sisxli ubralo saxlad rad damadebine, Tu Cemi qali gindoda, rad ara Semagebine? me bersa Sensa gamzdelsa sicocxle maarmebine, dRed sikvdilamde Senica Tavi ar maaxlebine.

saero: tariel dagsvi vezirad, sityva Sen gagabWobine; giyvarda nestan­darejan, ratom ar Sematyobine? ra aris aq erTSi gazviadebuli da meoreSi `moW­

riT~ naTqvami? rusTaveli mets ambobs, minam eri, da, rasakvirvelia, gazviadebulad moeCveneba zogs. nes­

tan­darejanis mama farsadani, saliteraturo vari­antis mixedviT, marto imas rodi sCivis, Tu tari­elma ratom ar gamoucxada mefes, rom misi qali nestan­darejani uyvarda, rogorc xalxuri varianti mogviTxrobs, mefe kidev imas sCivis xvarazmSas ubralo sisxli rad damade kiserze, sxvis codvaSi rad Camayeneo. ra simarTle iqneba, amis Semdeg, vab raloT erTs `gazviadeba~ da meores `moWriT~ Tqma?!Ggana is ufro marTali ar iqneba vsTqvaT, rom xalxis mexsierebaSi fexi ver moikida am `ubralo

sisxlis saxlad dadebam~ da daaviwyda ers?! am zemo moyvanils leqsebSi sxva ra garCevaa formaSi: riTma erTi aqvs da pafosi, erTisa da imave sityvebiT aris

gamoTqmuli azri. SevadaroT sxva leqsebic.

saliteraturo: ubrZana: `xelTa aiReT abjari Tqven saomare, midiT da aqa momgvareT, vin aris iqa mjdomare!~

saero: adeqiT, aiyareniT Zmano: edem da omare, is kaci aq momiyvaneT, vin aris velTa mdgomare.

es nu Tu msgavseba ara hgonia formaSi b­ns xaxa­naSvils? saeroSi marto ucxo saxelebs vxedavT, `edem da omare~ romelic ufro imas amtkicebs, rom xalxs daviwyebia dedanis: ̀ abjari Tqven saomare~ da nacvlad amisa CauCxiravs `edem da omare~ striqo­nis Sesavseblad, da kidev imas, rom literaturu­li `vefxis­tyaosani~ winad yofila gavrcelebuli xalxSi, xalxs Sehyvarebia poema da, rac dahviwyebia poemidam; is TiTon ukeTebia da umatebia. ... dasas­

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ruls visurveb, rom b­ni a. xaxanaSvili frTxilad da fxizlad moekidos `vefxis­tyaosans~ ufro is­toriulis TvaliT ucqiros. darwmunebulica var, roca Seadarebs yvela variants da daupirdapirebs erTi­erTmaneTs, dagveTanxmeba da bedauridam ar Ca­moaxdens SoTas.~ (werilis dasasruli). rogorc xe­davT, vaJas toni sakmaod mkacria, rac miuTiTebs mis pirovnul siZlieresa da xasiaTis gautexloba­ze, bunebiT Seudrekelobaze. man yvelanairi eTikis dacviT umkacresi ganaCeni gamoutana a. xaxanaSvilis hipoTezas da misi avtori, ase vTqvaT, samsjavros winaSe daayena. vaJa­fSavelas amiT ar daumTavre­bia fiqri `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb da 21 wlis Sem­deg, 1911 wels Jurnal ganaTlebaSi (VIII, oqtomberi) sakmaod vrceli statia gamoaqveyna saxelwodebiT `fiqrebi `vefxis­tyaosnis~ Sesaxeb~ gv.441­452. ai epi­zodebi aRniSnuli statiidan: (gv.441­442) `sakvirve­li mkvlevarni aRmouCndnen am bolo dros `vefxis­tya osans~ da saqme iqamdis mihyavT, lamis bedaurze mjdomi misi avtori lamanCeli aznauris jaglaga rosinantze Sesvan. saRerReli `ganqeqilebisa~ Cvens orientalistebs auSala b. n. marrma, romelmac am ocis wlis winad sajarod aRiara, Tumca dRemde araviTari damamtkicebeli sabuTi mas ar warmoud­genia, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ msgavsi Txzuleba mas enaxos britaniis muzeumSi. Cveni molodini b. marrma ver gaamarTla, araferi msgavsi `vefxis­tyaosnisa~ man versad veraferi hpova, mainc ar iSlis dResac da mainc sjera rom `vefxis­tyaosnis~ dedani adre Tu gvian usaTuod aRmoCndeba sparseTSio. me orgulo­bas, Cvendami mtrobas, ganzrax simarTlis damaxinje­bas veravis Sevwameb amgvari TqmisaTvis, magram vinc zneobrivad imarTlebs Tavs, igi gonebrivis mxriT mainc damnaSaved CaiTvleba. pir da pir vityvi, rom amisTana adamians ara aqvs unari gaigos da daafa­

sos xelovnuri nawarmoebi, ar icis rogor iwereba xelovnuri nawarmoebebi sazogadod, erTi sityviT, ver Seugnia Semoqmedebis procesis Tviseba, xasiaTi... gana aRuSfoTeblad SeiZleba movisminoT `vefxis­tyaosnis~ Sesaxeb is, rac am mkvlevarTagan gvesmis, Tunda araki poemisa Tavidan bolomde sparsulic iyos? gana amis mTqmeli, Tu ki is guliT ambobs amas, rogorc sakuTars rwmenas, da ara ganzrax,­SeiZleba viwamoT xelovnuri nawarmoebis damfaseblad? ara da aTasjer ara. Tu ki b. marrs axlavs es unari poeturi nawarmoebis dafasebisa, aqvs alRo, rusebi rom `niuxs~ eZaxian, unda egrZno `vefxis­tyaosnis~ kiTxvis dros diadi niWis Zliereba da Zliereba Semoqmedebisa, romliTac es Txzuleba Tavidan bo­lomdea gaJRenTil­gaciskrovnebuli... eri rom agre advilad aRmerTebdes ubralo mTargmnelebs, ro­gorc SoTa hyavs gaRmerTebuli qarTvel ers, saT­valavi ar eqneboda, imdeni geniosebi da rusTavele­bi eyoleboda kacobriobas, magram egre advili ar gaxlavT eris siyvarulis moxveWa... b. marrs mimbaZ­velni aRmouCndnen­mkvlevarni, Sehxedes `vefxis­tya­osans~ kritikulis TvaliTa: daiwyo ganqeqileba. erTma yalbi adgilebi aRmoaCina, rac marTalia, mag­ram Tavi ver Seikava da yalbs adgilebs namdvili rusTavelis dawerili taepebic zed miayola. mesa­mem sruliad uarhyo vefxistyaosnis wina da ukana sityvaoba. meoTxem kveri daukra marrs da `vefxis­tya osani~ sparsulidan naTargmnad aRiara da sxv. da sxv. vis SeuZlian kvleva­Ziebis winaaRmdeg sityva sTqvas? vin iqneba iseTi ubiri, Tavxedi gadmodges da daiZaxos: iwameT yovelive rac Zvelad dawerila ukritikod, auwon­dauwonladao!.. (gv. 443) sawyino Cveni axalmodis mkvlevarebisagan is ari, rom b. mar­ri miuCneviaT iseT avtoritetad, romlis yovelive azri unda ukritikod miiRos yvelamao. igi kaci ar

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motyuvdebao; amaT ar uwyian, rom Tavis Tavs abezRe­ben, Tavis gonebrivs uZlurebas aRiareben. rogor? maS sakuTari azri, sakuTari msje loba aRar viqo­nioT? es gana ekadreba romelsame mecniers!.. amisTana mkvlevarT rom avyveT, SeiZleba mTel Cvens isto­riul warsulze xeli agvaRebinon, radgan cdilo­ben mTeli Cveni istoria, kultura qar sa da wyals waaRebinon. ... (gv. 444) ai amisTana mkvlevarT Caig­des `vefxis­tyaosani~ xelSi da swewen aRma­daRma, gardi­gardmo da scdiloben saiTac rogorc iqneba, dagvimtkicon misi sparsuloba, `obieqturobac~ ga­namtkicon. `siuJeti mainc SoTas sparsulidan aqvs nasesxebio~. ... mkvlevari da amxsneli swored amisTa­na or­magad, da orWofad naTqvams unda da ara imas, rom vardi ueklod ar moikribebiso. Cveni mkvlevarni aRar gascdnen dednis asoebs,­dauwyes ReWa imasac, rac amoikiTxes... aq gaiyina imaTi kvleva­Zieba. `vef­xis­tyaosnis~ kritikosebma Tavdapirvelad, ratom es ar ifiqres, rom Tu `vefxis­tyaosnis~ araki mar Tla sparsulia, amisTana Sinaarsians araks gamleqsavi, damweri TviT sparseTSiac bevri aRmouCndeboda, rad gan mgosnebi, poetebi, rogorc me­11 saukuneSi, ise me­12­Si sparseTs auarebeli hyavda. rogor moxda rom qarTvelma saqarTvelodan ipovna es ambavi spar­seTSi, xolo spar selebma ki veRar Tavis mSobel qveyana­sparseTSi? nu Tu didebuli firdousi (XI sauk.) `Sahnames~ avtori, am gvar araks gauSvebda xe­lidan? an Tu sparsel xalxSi iyo es Tqmuleba, ro­gor SeiZleba aseTi SesaniSnavi zRapari ise Cak vda, ise daikarga, rom misi natamali aRarsad darCa?! Seu­Zlebelia yovlad da, maSasadame, imis povna rac ar arsebobs, warmoudgenelia.~ (cit. dasasruli). imave werilSi vaJa erT friad mniSvnelovan momentze amax­vilebda yuradRebas, kerZod avtoris enaze, stilsa da weris maneraze. man, SeiZleba iTqvas, kalmis erTi

mosmiT Zalian mokled da moxerxebulad gadmogvca is, razec aTasgverdiani naSromis dawerac ki SeiZ­leba; 449­e gv­ze werda: `gana WkvaTa myofeli ada­miani am taeps an SeusabamoT icnobs (29 taepi) da an ar ifiqrebda rusTavels garda ase lamazad, ase mkveTrad sxva veravin ityoda...

`mijnuri Smagsa gviqvian arabuliTa eniTa, miT rome Smagobs misisa ver mixdomisa wyeniTa; zogTa aqvT samRvTo siaxle, daSvrebis aRmafreniTa, kvlav zogTa qve­uZT buneba keklucTa zedan freniTa.~

ra vqna me am taepis siyalbes ver vityvi, radgan sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT sityvebi `keklucTa zedan freniTa~ mxolod SoTas SaeZlo eTqva~ (citatis dasasruli). martivad SesamCnevia, damowmebul we­rilSi iseTi mZime braldeba gaxlavT wayenebuli mkvlevarTadmi, rom amis damwers sakmao argumentebi­sa da didi gulis, gambedaobis qona esaWiroeboda, magram es xom vaJa iyo... dRes, samwuxarod, daviwye­bas eZleoda am ori didi bumberazis _ vaJasa da al. xaxa naSvilis es brwyinvale samecniero polemika `vef xistyaosnis~ urTules sakiTxebTan dakavSire­biT; aqve aRvniSnavT, rom yvela aw dasabeWdi lietar­turuli Tu sxva saxis mecnieruli kritika swored im kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes, rac vaJasa da xaxanaSvilis polemikidan naTlad gamosWvivis. fri­ad sasixarulo aRmoCnda is faqti, rom dReisaTvis gamorCeulma rusTvelologma, prof. murman TavdiS­vilma iTava saSviliSvilo saqme da miviwyebas ar da aneba, gaaxsena axal Taobas 1890 wels dawyebuli Rrmamecnieruli da WeSmaritad saintereso, umniS­vnelovanesi msjeloba; igi Tavis erT­erT werilSi, `vaJa­fSavela, rogorc rusTvelologi~ sagangebod Seexo jer kidev saukunenaxevris win gaCaRebul

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eTikur kamaTs. (daibeWda: saliteraturo­samecnie­ro Jurnali `paraleli~ N8 2016 w. gv.: 237­246). b­nma murmanma sazogadoebas miuTiTa is Jurnal­gazeTebi Tavisi nomrebiT, sadac zemoxsenebuli 2 didi mec­nieris naazrevi ibeWdeboda. mogexsenebaT, yvela av­tors Tavisi xelwera gaaCnda, risi wyalobiTac xer­xdeba `atribucia~ amitom yoveli patara niuansic ki Zvirfasi da gasaTvaliswinebelia istoriisaTvis, raTa ar daikargos avtoris suli. vaJa werda `vef­xis­tyaosani~ da ara erTad­`vefxistyaosani~; aseTi daweriloba poemis saTaurisa, `vefxis­tyaosani~ didi vaJas sakuTrebaa da ar unda wavarTvaT mas es, ra viciT ramxela azrs debda SigniT... `vefxis­tyaosnis Sesaxeb~ am saTauriT, SesaZloa romelime sxva avtorTanac gadavawydeT statias, da kidev er Ti: maZiebeli mkiTxvelisaTvis saorientaciod da misTvis gzis gasamartiveblad, ukeTesi iqneba miTiTeba imisa, Tu vis pasuxadaa dawerili; aba vaJa­fSavela, aranairi azri rom ar hqonoda, TviTonve xom aRar miuwerda frCxilebSi (`oriode sityva pa­suxad b­n a. xaxanaSvils~)­o?! amrigad, saTauri sru­lad unda iqnes gadatanili nebismier gamocemaSi da sasurvelia mieTiTos mwerlis bolo varianti sityva­formis dawerilobisa. piradad CvenTvis, po­emis ambis warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT, ufro­re vaJa­fSavelas azria misaRebi, Tumca­Ra es mcire­odenac ki ver daakninebs aleqsandre xaxanaSvilis didi xnis naRvawevsa da naazrevs. a. xaxanaSvilis idea gaiziara prof. m. Ciqovanma, romelmac ufro gaaRrmava da ganavrco misi hipoTeza. misi azriT, XII s­dan moyolebuli „tarielianam~ „vefxistyaosnis~ didi gavlena ganicada. poetis virtuozobam ajoba saxalxo momRerals da daimorCila igi. SoTas qmni­lebam adrindeli Tqmuleba daimsgavsa, daiaxlova da pirvandeli saxe daukarga, ris gamoc CvenTvis

axla, TiTqmis SeuZlebelia aRvadginoT „tarielia­nas~ pirvandeli varianti. raRa Tqma unda, sar wmunoa poemis Sinaarsis siaxlove qarTul xalxur tradi­ciasTan, magram sirTules warmoSobs „oridan pirve­ladobis~ sakiTxi. zemoCamoTvlil mecnierTagan gansxvavebiT, Cven migvaCnia, rom pirveli iqneboda, TviT poema, xolo Semdgom misi narativi da erTob imanenturi xasiaTi gamsWvalavda xalxis mier axle­burad warmoCena­gaazrebis tendenciebs da daede­boda kidec safuZvlad uamrav „tarielianas~. sain­teresoa, rom ara „vefxistyaosani~,rogori iqneboda tarielis personaJi, rogorc pirovneba? gveqneboda ki, Tvinier poemisa, dRes tarielis amdeni saxecvli­li varianti, anu ramdenad SeZlebda adamiani erTi konkretuli siuJetis ararsebobis fonze personaJiT manipulirebas?... faqtobrivad, ramdeni mkiTxveli­caa, imdeni „tarieli~ arsebobs. 1917 wels gamosul `vefxistyaosnis~ ungrul gamocemas ydaze pirdapir `tarieli~ aweria, (mTargm. bela vikari), romel ga­mocemasac da mis mTargmnels batonma guram SaraZem sagangebo naSromi miuZRvna: `masalebi bela vikaris arqividan~ Tb. 1981; inglisur da rusul enebze sa­Taurs Targmnian rogorc `raindi panteris (ing.) /vefxvis (rus.) tyavSi.~ amgvari gandideba da agreri­gad Seyvareba tarielisa arcaa gasakviri, radganac, swored mis garSemo xdeba da trialebs movlenebi nawarmoebSi. aRmosavluri filosofiis qveteq stua­luri wakiTxvadoba unda gaviazroT rogorc, mxo­lod poemis mxatvruli Rirebuleba da avtoris gan swavlulobis mimaniSnebeli individualuri aka­demiuri gadawyvetileba. saerTodac, „vefxistyao­sani~ aris ara ontologiuri, aramed gnoseolo­giuri gaSinaarsebis mqone „xeli­xel sagogmanebi~ obieqti, amitomac mkvlevarTagan moiTxovs kogni­tur Sefasebasa da „racios~ daZabviT Seswavlas

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TiToeuli umniSvnelo detalisa, vinaidan saboloo jamSi, saerTo suraTis warmoCenis saqmeSi es mcire niuansebi iqcevian uzarmazar „codnis svetad~ da Seasruleben kidec mTavar rols ideur asparezze. maS, vnaxoT isini... moviyvanT amonaridebs v. koteti­Svilis wignidan­„xalxuri poezia~, 1934 da Sesabamis adgilze miTiTebiT (komentari:) davurTavT Cvens ko­mentarebs.

„iav­nana: am simReras, TiTqmis dakarguli aqvs pirveladi saweso xasiaTi. dRes, met wilad akvnis simRerad aris gadaqceuli... (Semdeg mohyavda ingilo­ebSi Semonaxuli „nana~)... es aris tipiuri akvnis sim­Rera, romlis hangic aucileblad sxva aris. akvnis „nanis~ sakuTari kilo dResac Senaxu lia saqar­Tvelos zogierT kuTxeebSi. „iav­nana~ ki garkveuli saweso xasiaTis simRera aris, savse uZvelesi miTi­uri warmod genebiT. am leqsSi yoveli calke fraza mTeli miTosia.

ras niSnavs TviT „iav­nana, vardo nana~, _ gadawyve­tiT Tqma ar SeiZleba. nagulisxmevia „ia~ da „vardi~ yvavilebis mniSvnelobiT; Tu sul sxva saxelebia, romelT mniSvnelobac daikarga da SeemTxva, SeeTvi­sa sul sxva rigis cnebebs, garkveuli pasuxis gace­ma jer Znelia. ... sagulisxmoa, rom sulxan saba or­belianis ganmartebiTve, qunTruSas ewodeba agreTve vard­goxa. ueWvelia rom am „vards~ da „batonebis~ vards naTesaoba aqvT, es „vardi~ avadmyofobasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

am leqsis asaxsnelad Cven viRebT im sakralu­ri xasiaTis ricxvs „Svids~, romelic am teqstSi gansa kuTrebul mniSvnelobas iRebs. rasakvirvelia, es „Svidi~ ar aris mxolod am leqsis kuTvnile­ba. am ricxvis RvTaebrivoba mraval adgilas iyo modebuli... Cven aq ufro is momenti gvainteresebs,

romelsac gadavyevarT wina aziis Zvel qveynebSi, mag. babilon Si, da iqaur ZeglebTan dakavSirebiT, Cvens leqsSi xmarebuli ricxvi sruliad garkveul da damTavrebul saxes iRebs. Cven viciT, rom babi­lonSi (sumerebis kultura), ricxvi „xuTi~ miRebu­li iyo zeciur qveynis ricxvad, xolo „Svidi~ _ qve­ciuri qveynisa; es ukanaskneli iTvleboda cud ricxvad, romelic SeiZleboda gadaqceuliyo karg anu samRvTo ricxvad, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli TvaliT SevxedavT maT, mTvarisa Tu mzis moZRvre­baTa safuZvelze. „SeiZleboda dagvedgina rogorc ZiriTadi azri, rom moZRvreba mTvaris mixedviT, ricxvs Svids CasTvlida cud ricxvad, moZRvreba ki mzis mixedviT,­kargad. babilonSi sWarbobs aRric­xva mTvaris mixedviT da aqedanve SeiZleboda war­momdgariyo warmodgena ricxvi Svidis cudi Tvise­bebis Sesaxeb~. (ix. vinkleri: babil. kultura, r. T. gv. 75­86)~ (cit. das.) komentari: xedavT, marTlac ukidegano miTosuri rwmena­warmodgenebi imaleba ricxvebs „xuTsa~ da „Svids~ miRma. Tu es ricxvebi Tavs iCenen poema „vefxistyaosanSi~,maSin isini, didi albaTobiT, zemoTqmuli gaSinaarsebiT aRiWurvebi­an, radganac ma Ti warmoCena oden ritmul da riT­mis Semqmnel elementebad, dahfaravs im Rrma ideas, romlis Tqmac surda Tavad avtors amgvari enig­maturi xerxiT; metic, riTmisa da ritmulobisaT­vis xsenebul ricxvTa garda or marcvals Sehqmnida yvela cifri 1­dan 10­is CaTvliT „rvisa~ da „cxris~ gamoklebiT da aseve ricxvi 20. cxadia, saTvalavi ar unda ascdes adamianTa sicocxlis saSualo asaks. (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 20). sainteresoa, rusTavels SeeZlo kidev sxva 7 cif risa Tu ricxvis gamoyeneba, magram man uxvi savaraudo SesaZlo variantebidan maincda­mianc „5~ da „7~ amoarCia, rac arcerT SemTxvevaSi versifikaciasa da SemTxveviTobas ar unda mivawe­

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roT. maS, citatebi „vefxistyaosnidan~: Tavi: „tari­elisagan Tavis ambis mboba, odes avTandils uambo~.

„me xuTisa wlisa viyav, daorsulda dedofali~. ese ra Tqva, ymaman sulTqvna, cremliT brZana:

„Soba qali~. dabnedasa miewura, asmaT asxa gulsa wyali, Tqva: „maSinve mzesa hgvanda, aw medebis visgan ali!~ (326)

„mas qalsa nestan­darejan iyo saxelad xmobili. Svidisa wlisa Seiqmna qali wynari da cnobili, mTvarisa msgavsi SvenebiT, mzisagan ver­Sefrobili, missa viT gasZlebs gayrasa guli almasi, wrTobili.~

(331)

niSandoblivia, nestani TxrobaSi, swored am ze­momoyvanili strofiT Semodis, rodesac is ukve 7 wlisaa, e.i. poemaSi masze manamde araferia naTqvami, sxvagvarad, CvenTvis ucnobia nestan­darejanis saxe 7 wlamde asakSi. axla, raze metyvelebs es faqti, anu ra winaswar gafrTxilebas Seicavs avtoris mxridan. Cven ukve viciT, rom „7~ qveciuri qveynis ricxvia da moZRvreba mTvaris mixedviT mas cud ricxvad Tvlis, maSasadame hmosavs mas ubedobis samosliT da kargs arafers uqadis. Tu amis Semdeg nestanis epiTetad gamova mTvare da igi swored masTan iqneba Sedare­buli, maSin es yovelgvari WoWmanis gareSe unda mivi­RoT nestanis momavali didi ubedurobis momaswaveb­el miniSnebad (uari tarielTan SeuRlebaze da misi qajeTSi gadakargva). marTlac, momdevno striqon­Sive vkiTxulobT: „mTvarisa msgavsi SvenebiT, mzisa­gan ver Sefrobili~. xolo amis Semdgom striqonSi, tarieli daSifruli saxiT auwyebs mis win mjdom avTandils „7 wlis qalisa~ da Tavisi siyvarulis

tragikul ambavs da amgvari xerxiT ganawyobs uc­nobi ambis maZiebel Wabuks ukeT, meti interesiT smenisaken: „missa viT gasZlebs gayrasa guli almasi, wrTobili~, riTic tarieli pirdapir, daufaravad acxadebs: CemsaviT Zlier, gautexel pirovnebasac ki ar ZaluZs satrfos gareSe cxovreba da Cemi, erT dros sicocxliT aRsavse guli, umisod axla kvdeba da suls Rafavs; amis dasturia, Tundac es faqti: mas sayvareli qalis saxelis xsenebaze, TiT qmis yoveljerze misdis guli:

„me xuTisa wlisa viyav, daorsulda dedofali.

ese ra Tqva ymaman sulTqvna, cremliT brZana: „Soba

qali.~

dabnedasa miewura, asmaT asxa gulsa wyali,

Tqvva: „maSinve mzesa hgvanda, aw medebis visgan ali!~

SevniSnavT, vinaidan poemis originali ar mogve­poveba da didi xnis manZilze „vefxistyaosnis dam­dgeni komisia~ adgenda da asworebda teqsts, Cvenc gvaqvs ufleba sul mcireodenze gamovTqvaT Cveni mosazreba: umjobesia aq: „Tqva:~ maSinve mzesa hgvan­da, aw medebis visgan ali~, daiweros: „Tqva: `ma Sinve mTvares hgvanda, aw medebis visgan ali~. albaT, ase ufro swori iqneba, radganac ar dairRveva ideuri nawili; naxeT? tarieli erTgan ambobs: „mTvarisa msgavsi SvenebiT, mzisagan ver Sefrobili~, e. i. mze­ze ufro maRali, mzisTvisac ki miuwvdomeli, miuR­weveli substanciaa, da amis Semdeg raRatom daam­cirebda satrfos da ratom ityoda masze „mzesa hgvandao`? faqtobrivad, tarielis cnobierebaSi mT­vare mzeze maRla dgas da masze Zlieria, Sesabami­sad igi am naTqvamiT Tavis TavTan winaaRmdegobaSi movidoda; (ix. Cemi wigni „rusTvelologiis sakvan­Zo sakiTxebi~,red. a. arabuli; Tb.2015. _ ganTavse­

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bulia saqarTvelos erovnuli sajaro biblioTe­kis eleqtronul veb­gverdzec: http://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/132854/1/RustvelologiisSakvandzoSakitxebi.pdf) Tan isic ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom TiToeuli sit­yvis miRma udidesi miTosi imaleba.

saocaria! _ Tu nestani 7 wlis asakSi gaicno mkiTxvelma, tarieli poemis SinaarsSi, rogorc per­sonaJi da moqmedi piri, swored maSin iWreba, rode­sac is 5 wlis gaxlavT. mkiTxevlisaTvis ucnobia „5 wlamdeli~ tarielis saxe. maS, amiT ra gvamcno rusTavelma?­is, rom nestani mTvare da aqedan gamom­dinare qveciuri qveynis Svili, xolo tarieli mze da zeciuri qveynis Svili iyo. isini zustad mTva­risa da mzis metaforebiT Semodian „vefxistyaos­nis~ narativSi da ase gvacnobs avtori CvenTvis jer kidev ucnob personaJebs: „mTvarisa msgavsi SvenebiT, mzisagan ver Sefrobili`(nestan­darejani), „Tvalni mzeebr gamiretdes, guli metad SemiZrwunda~ (tari­eli; rostevanis gamorCeulma raindebma Tvali ver gauswores tariels, amis mizezi misi „mzeobaa~. Tu fridoni umzers mzes da saWiro daxmarebasac uwevs, maSin es avtorma raRaciT unda gaamarTlos, da, marTlac, fridonis saxe lomis eidosis saSuale­biT daxata: „SevsTvale: „dadeq, miCvene, lomsa vin gawyens romeli?~ bunebaSi lomi da arwivi orado­ri arsebani arian, romelnic mzes Tvalebgaxelili Sescqerian. vrceli msjelobisaTvis ix. miTiTebuli wigni Cemi avtorobiT). amgvari axsniT, nestanis mSoblebi gaiazrebian qveciuri qveynis mbrZaneblis msaxurebad, maT dahbades mTvare da Sehxarian mas. mTvaris dambadebeli an TviT mTvarea, an kidev misi ganmadidebeli, anu is, visTvisac mTvare RmerTis Camnacvlebel gansadidebel, Tayvansacem obieqts warmoadgens. farsadanma mTvare koSkSi gamoketa da qalis momavali bedis ganmweseblad Tavad iqca, meo­

renairad, mouspo qaliSvils sakuTari arCevanis ga­keTebis ufleba, riTic man daarRvia qristianuli morali da Tavisive samefoSi Tavadve ganamravla Wiri. saridanma 1 samefo farsadanis eqvs samefos SeuerTa, jamSi aqac 7­s viRebT, 6+1=7. figurirebs ra ricxvi 7, es imas niSnavs, rom farsadanis samefo­Si moxdeba ubedureba da sixarulisaTvis ganmzade­bul samefoSi datrialdeba moulodneli gansacde­li. mamis aseTma udierma mopyrobam qalSi gaaRviZa dapirispirebis sindromi, Tavis namdvil mijnurs moakvlevina misTvis saqmrod SerCeuli xvarazmSas princi, rac mas ukacur, amoralur, arahumanur qa­jeTSi gadasaxlebis tolfasad daujda; amrigad, farsadanma da misma meuRlem dakarges is adamiani, romelic samefos didebas moutanda. sxvaTaSoris, koSki aramarto ubedobis, WirTaTmenis, martoobis, amqveyniuri cxovrebidan mowyvetis, gansacdelebis simboloa, aramed is gvevlineba sibrZnis Secnobis etalonadac; wm. didqalwulmowame barbarem, swored koSkSi Seicno Semoqmedi RmerTi da iq eziara WeS­maritebas. pirdapiri paralelis daZebna SeiZleba „sibrZne balavarianTan~ _ iq iodasafi brZendeba koSkSi. maSasadame, martoobas gaaCnia kargi mxarec, kerZod is aZlierebs pirovnebas sulierad da es motivi gaxda safuZveli nestanis qajTa samflobe­loSi gautexelobisa, is ar eziara qajTa uwmindur saqmeebs. Cans, nestanis mSoblebma icodnen tarielis „mzeobis~ Sesaxeb da amitomac uketavdnen Segnebu­lad nestan­darejanamde misasvlel gzas. CvenTvis ukve cnobilia erTi friad sayuradRebo niuansi: „Svidi~ miiCneoda cud ricxvad iyo ra sakuTreba qveciuri qveynisa, magram SeiZleboda misi transfor­macia karg ricxvad, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli Tva­liT SevxedavdiT mas,­mzisa Tu mTvarisa. aq ukve erTi ram dResaviT naTelia: tariels (mzes) SeeZlo

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nestanis(mTvaris) borotebis klanWebisagan daxsna, mxolod mas epyra xelT is Zala, romelic dedof­lobas Camocilebul umSvenieres qals ubedobas bednierebiT Seucvlida; bunebaSic xom asea? _ mTva­re naTdeba mzis sxivebiT, is mzis sxivebis mimRebi da amrekli ciuri sxeulia, amitomac iRebs aseT pompezur mniSvnelobas poemaSi nestanis qajTagan xsna: Tu tarieli Tavis mTvaris msgavs satrfos ar daixsnida, maSin igi samudamod Caqreboda, Caqroba ki sikvdils udrida, vinaidan mas aRar moxvdeboda mzis Suqi da veRarc gaanaTebda. mkiTxvelisaTvis uc nobia tarielis deda, nawarmoebSi araferia masze naTqvami. vfiqrobT, SeniSnuli garemoeba aixsneba momavali ambis winaswar gaucxadeblobis motiviT, kerZod, Tu tarieli zeciuri mbrZaneblis Svili gaxldaT, is aucileblad daixsnida nestan­dare­jans da amgvarad, Tavidanve daukargavda rusTaveli poemas mTel interess. SeiZleba iTqvas, „vefxistya­osani~ aris pirveli qarTuli deteqtivuri Janris nawarmoebi sakmaod daZabuli siuJetiT. es azri, rom poema warmoadgens pirvel qarTul deteqtivs Cven ar gvekuTvnis, _ movismineT b­ni amiran gomarTelis leqciebze. faqtobrivad, tariels dedis magivrobas asmaTi uwevda: „mze ar maxlavs, Segetyvebis, TrTvi­lo asre miT mawyeno?`(avTandilisa da asmaTis sau­bari). maS, qveteqstualuri wakiTxvadobiT, mzis Sem­cvleli asmaTis saxe gaiazreba varskvlavad, da am faqts ver Secvlis is, rom avtori mis metaforad „varskvlavs~ ar iyenebs, is metaforis gareSea war­modgenili poemis narativSi; varskvlavi _ rogorc patara mze).

citata: „Cvenamde Senaxulia Teologiuri medici­nis dargidan erTi vrceli nawarmoebis nawyvetebi, sadac ganxilulia „Svidi avi sulis~ moqmedeba da

mocemulia magiuri formulebi, am sulTa avi gavle­nis asacdenad. avadmyofoba da yovelgvari ube­dureba maTgan momdinareobs. amas yvelaze naTlad mTvare aaSkaravebs, romelic maTi gavleniT yovel Tve bneldeba. (epilefsiur Semotevas da gul­yras dResac xalxi axal mTvaresTan akavSirebs). ... Cvenis azriT, Cvens „iav­nanaSi~ xsenebuli „Svidi batoni da­Zmani~ emTxvevian Zvel babilonur „Svid av suls~, romelTac avadmyofoba SeaqvT yovel ojaxSi, da es sasimRero formulebi , romelnic „iav­nanas~ teqts warmoadgenen, receptia maTi avi gavlenis asacdenad.

ricxvi 7­is mavneblobis Sesaxeb Cvens Selocveb­Sic vxvdebiT garkveul cnobebs: arsebobs Selocva „samecniero TormetTa da TeqvsmetTa varskvlavTa~, sadac sxvaTa Soris naTqvamia: ... „ayare kenWi uTva­lavi da axsene gulSi rac gedvas da dahyav xeli... erTi dagrCes, qen rasac lami, Tu ori dagrCes, kidev qen, keTilad mogixdes... Svidi dagrCes, _ nu iq, boroti moaqvs~... (cit. das.) v. kotetiSvils aq moh­yavda erT­erTi rusuli Selocvac, romlis qarTul Targmansac SemogTavazebT: „sworedac rom meSvide cieb­cxeleba aris yvelaze Zlieri da daundobeli seni sxva yvela saSinel daavadebaTagan. sxvaTaSo­ris, qarTulma xalxurma simReramac Semoinaxa er­Tob saintereso Selocva: ̀ guSin Svidni gurjanelni sanadirod wasuliyvneno, iq enaxaT erTi jixvi, mis kvalzed wasuliyvneno; SvidTav esroles Svid­Svidi arcerTi moekidao, esrola berma papama, jixvi rqiT daekidao.~ (Sen. simReris meore striqoni, vfiqrobT SecdomiTaa mosuli Cvenamde: `iq moeklaT TeTri taxi, sxva nadirze wasuliyvneno~­mcireoden gadava­keTeT; pirvel rigSi, ra SuaSia TeTri taxi, ar SeiZ­leba aseTi mciremoculobiTi leqsi orsiuJetiani iyos, meorec, Svid monadireze `Svidi avi suli~

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moqmedebs, anu TiToze TiTo; rogor?­ maT imxela taxi mokles da jixvs ver moklavdnen? Ggamomdina­re aqedan, Tu maT `jado ar aexsnebodaT~ isini na­di robidan xelcarielebi dabrundebodnen. Cans, jados asaxsnelad saWiroa `rva~ (7+1=8), amitomac simReris teqstSi Semodis me­8 monadire, romelic klavs jixvs. wesis Tanaxmad, mas nanadirevi Svidive monadirisaTvis unda gaeyo; amas gvidasturebs vaJas `stumar­maspinZelic~). komentari: savaraudoa, tari­elze moqmedebs „Svidi avi suli~ (is cxovrobs erT samefod gaerTianebul Svid samefoSi, aRarc saxli aqvs da aRarc mSoblebi hyavs), ris gamoc mas axali mTvaris, anu axalgazrda nestanis danaxvaze guli wauvida:

„asmaT fardagsa azidna, gare vdeg mofardagulsa, qalsa Sevxeden, laxvari meca cnobasa da gulsa.~...

„durajni mivscen gaviRe, sxva vera gzaRa Tavisa,

daveci, davbndi, wamixda Zali mxarTa da mklavisa...~

iciT, tarieli 3 dRe ugono mdgomareobaSi imyo­feboda, bodavda da xilvebi awvalebda, mis Svelas ki veravin axerxebda, verc eqimebi da verc dedofa­li. sad unda veZioT amis mizezi? ra Tqma unda, isev „iav­nanaSi`; Cans, zemoTqmuli magiuri formulebi mxolod dedis namRerze moqmedebdnen da iRebdnen magiur, makurnebel Zalas, sxvagvarad, Tu deda ar umRerebda avadmyof bavSvs, Tvinier misa, sxvas ara­vis SeeZlo senSeyrilis gankurneba­mobruneba. amis dasturad gamodgeba iakob gogebaSvilis moTxro­ba „iavnanam ra hqmna~ da aseve, xsenebuli moTxro­biT STagonebuli SesaniSnavi qarTuli filmi amave saxel wodebiT. gulwasuli tarieli ver moabrunes verc rjulis msaxurebma (muyri­yuranis mcodne,

mola), misnebma (mulimi­mahmadiani misani, mkiTxavi, mkur nali), verc ganTqmulma eqimebma da verc dedo­falma, rome lic uamrav cremls Rvrida, imitom rom is ar iyo tarielis deda.

„srulni muyrni da mulimni me gare Semomcvidian,

maT xelTa hqonda musafi, yovelni ikiTxvidian...~

iqve:

„aqimnica ikvirvebdes: „ese seni ragvaria?

samkurnalo ara sWirs ra, sevda rame Semohyria~.

zogjer Smagad wamoviWri, sityva mcTari wameria.

dedofali zRvasa Seiqms, mas rom cremli dauRvria.~

nadirobidan dabrunebul, daRlil tariels xSi­rad Wamis Ronec ki ar gaaCnda da umalve mSvidad eZineboda. safiqrebelia, asmaTi mas „iav­nanas~ um­Reroda, rac icavda mas borot ZalTagan da sabo­lood xdeboda safuZveli velad gaWrili tarielis qvabulSi uvneblad dabrunebisa. sagulisxmoa, magia grZnobs dedobriv mzrunvelobas, amitomac dedis movaleobis Semsrulebeli asmaTi aRWurva avi su­lebis gandevnis jadoTi. axla ki droa, uSualod „iav­nanas~ teqsti moviyvanoT:

`iav nana, vardo nana, iav naninao, aq batonebi mobrZandnen, vardo naninao. mobrZandnen da gagvaxares, iav naninao. batonebis mamidasa iav naninao,qveS gauSliT xaliCasa, vardo naninao, imasac ar davajerebT, iav naninao, zed gaufenT orxosaca vardo naninao. am batonebis dedasa iav naninao, udgia oqros akvani, vardo naninao. Sig uwevT batoniSvili iav naninao, usxiaT oqros qoCori, vardo naninao,

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atlasis sabani hxuravs, iav naninao, zar­babTisa artaxebiT vardo naninao, movis perangi ucviaT, iav naninao, mTvare grexilaT uvliaT, vardo naninao, varskvlavi Rilad ubiaT, iav naninao, lalis CanCxura ubiaT, vardo naninao. gadahkvren, gadaarweven, iav naninao, amod brZaneben nanasa: vardo naninao. ­Svidi batoni da­Zmani, iav naninao, Svid sofels movefineTo, vardo naninao, Svidganve davciT karavi, iav naninao, Svidganve movilxineTo, vardo naninao, iagundis maranSia iav naninao, Rvino sdgas da lali sWvivso, vardo naninao. Sig alvis xe amosula iav naninao, totebi aqvs nargiziso, vardo naninao. zed bulbuli Semomjdara, iav naninao, Savardeni frTasa Sliso, vardo naninao, ia vkrife, vardi vSale, iav naninao,

win batonebs gauSale, vardo naninao.~

(`iav­nanas~ es varianti daculia v. kotetiSvilis

wignSi `xalxuri poezia~ 1934).

moxmobili nimuSi gvafiqrebinebs imasac, rom am simReras mxolod maSin ki ar umRerodnen bavSvs, rodesac mas raime saxadi Seeyreboda, aramed ma­Sinac, roca is saxsalamaTi da sruliad janmrTeli iqneboda, raTa ar Sehyroda mosalodneli daavadeba. Aamrigad, deda yoveldRiurad icavda Svils `iav­nanas~ simReriT av sulTa Tu yovelgavri borotebi­sagan. maSasadame, `iav­nana~ ar aris mxolod hangi da melodia, is gaxlavT savedrebeli locva da misi ganxilva aramxolod folkloris TvaliT, ara med religiuri kuTxiTac SeiZleba. sacodnelia,

ikrZaleba `batonebis~ gakicxva, radgan daavade­bulze sasikvdilo Sedegs gamoiwvevs(Tu dResac Sesruldeba sadme es rituali, aRniSnuli momenti gasaTvaliswinebelia). Llogikurad, araa gasaxari avadmyofobis Semosvla ojaxSi, magram amitomacaa rom teqstSi vkiTxulobT:

`aq batonebi mobrZandnen, vardo naninao. mobrZandnen da gagvaxares, iav naninao. batonebis mamidasa iav naninao,qveS gauSliT xaliCasa, vardo naninao, imasac ar davajerebT, iav naninao,

zed gaufenT orxosaca vardo naninao.~

Cans, qeba da pativiscema daavadebas keTilad ga­nawyobda ojaxisadmi da maleve wavidoda, ris Semde­gac bavSvi ikurneboda da saxlSi kvlav bedniereba isadgurebda. sasimRero­saritualo leqsSi CamoT­vlilia saWiro atributebi: oqros akvani, oqros qo­Cori, atlasis sabani, zar­babTis artaxebi, movis perangi, lalis CanCxura; zemomoyvanil nimuSSi ar weria, Tumca esecaa: oqros beWdis Semotareba ak vnis garSemo. zemoTqmulidan viciT, `vardica~ da `iac~ orive daavadebis, e. w. `batonebis~ simboloa.

`batoni~ aramarto saxadi, nebismieri avadmyofo­ba SeiZleba iyos. erTgvari wyveta SeiniSneba le­qsis sawyissa da bolos Soris, daswyisi: `iav nana, vardo nana, iav naninao, aq batonebi mobrZan­den, vardo naninao, mobrZandnen da gagvaxares, iav naninao.~Ddasasruli: `ia vkrife, vardi vSale, iav naninao, win batonebs gauSale, vardo naninao.~ maS, leqsi iwyeba gandidebiT, xolo sruldeba imisve ga­nadgurebiT, rasac ganadidebdnen. SevadaroT deme­tre pirvelis avtorobiT cnobili himni `Sen xar venaxi~: dasaw. `Sen xar venaxi, axlad ayvavebuli...

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dasasr. da TaviT TvisiT mze xar gabrwyinebuli~. aq visi didebiTac iwyebs avtori, misive didebiT as­rulebs, Zalian organulia sagalobelis prologi da finali.Aaxla vnaxoT, ra saxe­simboloebi meor­deba `vefxistyaosanSi~ da ra sixSiriT. davsvaT ase­Ti kiTxva: koSkSi martodSTenil nestan­darejans vin umReroda `iav­nanas~?­aravin! Cven vTqviT, Tu yoveldRiur saxes ar atarebs am saritualo simRe­ris Sesruleba dedis mxridan Svilis mimarTule­biT, maSin deda veRar SeZlebs Svilis dacvas da amgvarad gaswiravs mas didi ubedurebisaTvis. rode­sac farsadanma miiRo nestanis qajeTSi gagzavnis gadawyvetileba, indoeTis samefos dedofals, nes­tanis dedas amis sawinaaRdegod araferi gaukeTebia, igi uZluri gaxldaT win aRdgomoda usamarTlobas, vinaidan manve miiyvana qaliSvili `usamarTlobis ufskrulamde~. amrigad, nestani koSkSi gamoketvis dRidanve, rodesac is moSorda dedobriv zrunvasa da siTbos, ganwiruli iyo cudisaTvis. savaraudod, Svid av suls bavSvze negatiuri zegavlenis mox­dena 7 wlis asakis CaTvliT SeeZlo, 8 wlisaze ki misi moqmedeba aRar vrceldeboda. niSandoblivia, rom adre Svilebs skolaSi swored am asakSi uS­vebdnen, rodesac magiur formulebs aRar SeeZloT bavSvisaTvis zianis miyeneba. maSasadame, `iav­nanas~ deda Svidi wlis CaTvliT umReroda Svils, Svidi wlis Semdeg individi ukve mozardad iTvleboda da midioda kidec saswavleblad skolaSi, e. i. hqonda damoukideblad azrovnebis unari, xolo piorvneba, romelic aRWurvili gaxlavT aRniSnuli SesaZle­blobiT, is ukve bavSvad aRar CaiTvleba. nestani Svidi wlis iyo koSkSi rom Casves, e.i. masze jer kidev uflebamosilebiT sargeblobda `Svidi avi suli~ da marTlac, erTi welic ki sakmarisi aR­moCnda qalis momavali cxovrebis Savi ZafiT mosa­

qargad. Tu `rva~ imarjvebs magiaze da fantavs ja­dos, maSin rva wlamde ratom ar daacades nestans, mSoblebma xom uwyodnen amis Sesaxeb? Cven gamiznul qmedebad migvaCnia farsadanisa da misi meuRlis saqcieli, rom maincdamainc 7 wlisas auges koSki da SigniT gamoketes. maT, albaT, erTi weli didi dro ar egonaT da amitomac fiqrobdnen, erT welSi ra ise unda dazaraldes Cveni Svili, magram amiTi Cven mas ufro did safrTxes movaSorebT, kerZod­davaSorebT tariels, magram isini sworedac rom aq Secdnen... SoTa rusTaveli koSkSi gamoketili nes­tan­darejanis saxes ase gvixatavs:

`mefeman koSki aago, Sigan sayofi qalisa, qvad fazari sxda, kubo dga iagundisa, lalisa, pirsa baRCa da sabanlad saraji vardis wyalisa, igi mun iyvis medebis, visgan saxmili alisa. dRe da Rame mujamriTa ekmeodis alva Tlili, zogjer koSks jdis, zogjer baRCas Camovidis, ra

dgis Crdili, davar iyo da mefisa, qvrivi, qajeTs gaTxovili, mas sibrZnisa saswavlelad TviT mefeman misca

Svili. sra edga mofardaguli oqsinoTa da vardiTa, vervin vxedevdiT, Seiqmna piriTa mina­vardiTa, asmaT da orni monani hyvian, imRerdis nardiTa, mun izrdebodis taniTa, gabaons ganazardiTa.~

axla SevadaroT `iav­nanas~ teqsti da Cven srul damTxvevas miviRebT:

iav­nanaiagundis maranSia iav naninao, Rvino sdgas da lali sWvivso, vardo naninao. Sig alvis xe amosula iav naninao, totebi aqvs nargiziso, vardo naninao. ...

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am batonebis dedasa iav naninao, udgia oqros akvani, vardo naninao. Sig uwevT batoniSvili iav naninao, usxiaT oqros qoCori, vardo naninao, atlasis sabani hxuravs, iav naninao, zar­babTisa artaxebiT vardo naninao, movis perangi ucviaT, iav naninao, mTvare grexilaT uvliaT, vardo naninao, varskvlavi Rilad ubiaT, iav naninao, lalis CanCxura ubiaT, vardo naninao.

vefxistyaosani

`mefeman koSki aago, Sigan sayofi qalisa, qvad fazari sxda, kubo dga iagundisa, lalisa, pirsa baRCa da sabanlad saraji vardis wyalisa, igi mun iyvis medebis, visgan saxmili alisa. dRe da Rame mujamriTa ekmeodis alva Tlili, zogjer koSks jdis, zogjer baRCas Camovidis, ra

dgis Crdili, davar iyo da mefisa, qvrivi, qajeTs gaTxovili, mas sibrZnisa saswavlelad TviT mefeman misca

Svili.~

iav­nana batonebis mamidasa iav naninao,qveS gauSliT xaliCasa, vardo naninao, imasac ar davajerebT, iav naninao, zed gaufenT orxosaca vardo naninao. vefxistyaosani `sra edga mofardaguli oqsinoTa da SardiTa, vervin vxedevdiT, Seiqmna piriTa mina­vardiTa, asmaT da orni monani hyvian, imRerdis nardiTa, mun izrdebodis taniTa, gabaons ganazardiTa.~

xedavT, epizodebi, gnebavT suraTebi, organve erTnairi simboloebiTaa daxatuli, e.i. simboluri gaazreba da ideuri datvirTva erTi eqnebaT. `iav­nanas~ teqstSi garkveviTaa naTqvami: batonebis mami­daso, maSasadame am mamidas xelT epyra garkveuli Zala sxvisaTvis zianis miyenebisa, amitomacaa rom gansakuTrebul pativs miageben mas, rom iqneb man Tavisi mrisxaneba ukan waiRos da daindos `msxver­pli~. xom SeeZlo rusTavels mamidis magivrad romelime sxva naTesavi mieCina maswavleblad nes­tanisaTvis? Tanac, nestanis epiTeti mTvarea; (`mT­vare grexilaT uvliaT~) avtori is gaxldaT da ga dawyvetilebebsac is iRebda, magram­ara, is amiT ideurad daazianebda poemas. davari nestanis mami­da iyo, da swored is zrdida dedofals, raSic Ta vidanve dafaruli azri Caido: Tu nestani uars ityoda misTvis SerCeul saqmroze, maSin mas, yovel­gvari eWvis gareSe, qajeTSi gagzavnidnen; ase rom, sasjelis es zoma adrevec mofiqrebuli hqondaT farsadansa da davars da swored amitomac, qajeTSi gaTxovili, Sesabamisad, qajeTis teritoriebisa da TviTon qajebis uzado mcodne miuCina qaliSvils damrigeblad. mcirediT SevCerdeT vardisa da iis simbolikaze, rac ufro naTels gahxdis Cvens msj­elobas. vardi da ia binaruli semantikiT xasiaTde­bian, iteven iseT or ukiduresad gansxvavebul cne­bas, rogoricaa sicocxle da sikvdili, amrigad, warmogvidgenen sxvadasxva azrobriv plans. vardi iis msgavsad sicocxlis, energiulobis, mudmivmo­qmedebis, silamazis, zeciuri samyaros, RvTaebrio­bis, siwmindis, umwikvlobis, sixarulis, siyvarulis, gamarjvebis, sikeTis simboloa, magram amave dros gvevlineba omis, brZolis, borotebis, ukeTurebis, uwmindurobis, tanjvis, mwuxarebis, ngrevis, uRmer­Tobisa da sikvdilis simbolodac. sparselebi vards

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gamwmend Zalas aniWeben. TeTri vardi, Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, muhamedis cremlis wveTebidan aRmocenda, rodesac is locvis dros Rame cad amaRlda. amis gamoa, rom arc erTi muslimani vards fexiT ar gaTelavs, aiRebs da wminda yvavils sufTa adgilas moaTavsebs. vardi Zvel indoeTSi, Turme iseTi pati­viscemiT sargeblobda, rom arsebuli kanonisamebr, yvela kacs, vinc vardis Taiguls miarTmevda mefes, yvelafris Txovna SeeZlo qveynis mbrZaneblisagan. vardiT agebdnen taZrebs, sadac unda gaevlo sad­Resaswaulo msvlelobas, aseve vardebiTve rTavdnen mefeebis gansasvenebel savaneebsa da darbazebs. Ci­neTis imperatoris biblioTekaSi 18 000 wignidan 500 tomi vards eZRvneboda da saerTodac, adreul peri­odSi nebismieri dResaswauli uvardod ar Caivlida. maS, vardi samefo yvavilic gaxlavT, amSvenebda ra mefe­didebulebis sasaxleebs. arkeonis gadmocemiT, vardi saberZneTSi dabadebula. rodesac siyvarulis qalRmerTi afrodite banaobis Semdeg zRvis napirze gavida, misi sxeulis mfaravi unazesi TeTri qafi vardad iqca; misi mSvenebiT moxib lulma qalRmerTma vards neqtari Seasxura, ramac RvTaebrivi surneleba daumkvidra samudamod. zevsma promeTes Zmis, titan atlasis erT­erTi qaliSvili iad gadaaqcia, raTa exsna igi mzis RmerT apolonis Semwveli sxivebisa­gan. niSandoblivia, RmerTTagan dasjil atlass cis TaRi eWira xelSi, igi welSi moxrili Tavisi zur­giT amagrebda TaRs, rom ar Camo vardnoda. adreuli qristianebis warmodgeniT, mTavarangelozma gabri­elma adams RvTis neba gadasca, romliTac Rmer­Ti mas Cadenil pirvel codvas patiobda; am ambiT gaxarebul adams Tvalebidan cremlebi waskda da misi wminda cremlebidan daibada vardi. (Sen. Zalian hgavs sparsuli da qristianuli xedva erTmaneTs, amitomac ar unda gavuwyreT SoTas sityva `sparsu­

lis~ xmarebisaTvis; amave dros, `sparsi~ urjulos, uRmerTos, urwmunos sinonimia; gamrCev saSualebad konteqsti warmogvidgeba). am kuTxiT sainteresoa gvirilas simbolikac, vinaidan warmoadgens xsenebu­li 2 yvavilis­vardisa da iis simbolur kompila­cias. gvirila ojaxis keTildReobis, siyvarulis, erTgulebis simboloa, mas SuaSi yviTeli guli, xolo garsi TeTri aqvs. aqve unda aRiniSnos erTi ramac: rogorc Cans, materialuri ferebis simbo­luri gaazreba pirdapir gadadis misive Seferilo­bis nivTze, feri sZens sagans konkretul simbolikas, anu yviTeli sagani yviTlis simboluri semantikiT aRiWurveba, TeTri­TeTrisaTi da a.S. vardisa da iisaTvis gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs wiTeli da lurji ferebi. iciT, TeTri RmerTis, sispetakisa da siwmindis simboloa, yviTeli­sixarulisa, amitomaa rom gvirila saboloo jamSi ojaxis keTildReobis, siyvarulisa da erTgulebis simbolod gvevline­ba. maS, ra miviReT? – is vinc warmaval siyvaruls, sixaruls, bednierebas, erTgulebas maradiul cne­bebad giqcevs, Segicvlis da Senc am maradisobis mkvidrad Segqmnis, Tavad RmerTia, es erTob sain­tereso sqema ki gvirilaze gaxlavT gamosaxuli. (SuaSi yviTeli­amqveyniuri siyvaruli, sixaruli; garSemo TeTri­maradiuli, dausrulebeli, uSreti da ganuqarvebeli siyvaruli, sixaruli; maTi momni­Webeli erTi RmerTi). qristianul samyaroSi (ufro orTodoqsebTan) wiTeli vardi ormagi simbolikiT daitvirTa, razec zemoTac visaubreT. wiTeli feri ganasaxierebs ra mowa meTa daRvril sisxls, Seiq­mna dResaswaulis, sixarulis, eklesiisa da suli­eri sisufTavis simbolod; wiTeli vardi amis gamo­Zaxilia. swored amitomaa, rom dResaswaulebze mRvdelmsaxurni da eklesiis sxva danarCeni msaxur­ni wiTeli feris SesamoslebiT imosebian da xatebs

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wiTeli vardis furclebiT rTaven. SevniSnavT, evro­paSi amgvarma gaazrebam fexi ver moikida da wiTel vards SerCa oden uaryofiTi azrobrivi datvirTva. aseTi wiTeli vardi yovel Tvis msxverpls iTxovs da dasaRupad swiravs sikeTis mqmnels azrs ukargavs ra mis dauRalav mondomebas, sabolood misi mcde­lobebi uSedegod mTavrdeba. faqtiurad, boroteba imarjvebs sikeTeze. or magaliTs moviyvanT naTqva­mis sailustraciod: oskar uaildis `bulbuli da vardi~ yvelasaTvis cnobilia; iq axaldawyebuli siy­varulis gagrZelebisa da gaRrmavebisaTvis Tavgan­wiruli keTili bulbulis gulidan gadmonawurma sisxlma TeTri vardis furclebi wiTlad SehReba. igi mTeli Rame daudumebelad galobda da mis gul­Si gamWolad gamavali ekali nel­nela, wveT­wveTad sisxlisagan clida. (pasaJi SeiZleba gaviazroT, rogorc vardis inkarnacia, desakralizeba). diliT bulbulma sunTqva Sewyvita. axalgazrda Wabukma, Txovnisamebr, satrfos swored es wiTeli vardi mi­arTva, magram qalma daiwuna­Cems kabas ar mouxde­bao, gabrazebulma ymawvilma ki wminda da uspetakesi yvavili mtvriani quCis mdinarebas gaatana. nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsSi `bulbuli vardzed~ keTilmo­surne bulbuls ar sTxoven zvarakad, msxver plad Sewirvas, is cocxali rCeba gansxva vebiT uaildis bulbulisagan. miuxedavad imisa, rom baraTaSvil­Tan bulbulis galobam Sedegi ar gamoiRo, rodi miiCneva es leqsi pesimisturi ganwyobisad? metic, bulbuli Tavisi swori saqcielis gamo sxvaTaTvis Seiracxeba WeSmariti gzis manaTobel lamprad.

`ganTiadiT Ramedmde Sevfrfinvidi kokrobas, ar vzogavdi sicocxles, uZilobas, galobas, mqonda mcire wadili, ver mivxvdi­ki Znelobas:

msurda gaSla vardisa, ar vhfiqrobdi daWknobas!~

amgvari simboluri dapirispirebani kargadaa war­moCenili sxva qarTvel poetebTanac, ai ramdenime maTgani:

`gulSi ifeTqa siamem,

sevdebi ukuvyareo,­

ia da vardi damWknari

xelaxlad gamixareo!..~

a. wereTeli `ganTiadi~

d. yifianis neStis win mdgarma mgosanma uwyoda, rom gansvenebuli am sikvdiliT ufro gacocxlda, vi­naidan SeerTo maradiulobas, igi amaRlda sikvdil­ze da mowameobrivi gvirgviniTac Seimko. amitomac, poetis sixaruli da Tanagancda, Tanaziaroba RvTi­ur saidumloebaSi udidesi gaxldaT da misi erT dros dadardianebuli guli kvlav sixaruliT aiv­so, masSi bedniereba uxvad CaiRvenTa. faqtobrivad, `ia da vardi damWknari xelaxlad gamixareo~ si­cocxlis sikvdilze gamarjvebis, anu aRdgomis sim­boloa, Tanac a. wereTeli moyvanil sityvebs Tavad d. yifians aTqmevinebs Tavis leqsSi: `da gulis pa­suxs narnarad umReris turfa mxaresa~...

`dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,

Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde. ...

Sexede! dastkbi! Cemi Tvalebi

winaT rom feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT,

RamenaTevi da namTvralevi

savsea cremlTa SurisZiebiT!~...

g. tabiZe `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~

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galaktionis am leqsSi vardisa da iis uaryofi­Ti mxareebia warmoCenili; maS, poetma amgvari mxat­vruli xerxiT gadmogvca da gagviziara Tavisi Sina­gani gancdebi, rom is imxanad sulierad itanjeboda, xolo es mSfoTvare sulieri mdgomareoba fizi­kurzec hpovebda asaxvas, da erTaderTi visac gasa­WirSi misi daxmareba SeeZlo da Tavadac sjeroda Txovnis adresatisa, es RvTismSobeli mariami iyo, amitomac igi deda RvTismSobels sTxovda Semweobas.

`aq Cems axlos moxucis lands sZinavs mefur ZiliT,

aq mwuxare sasaflaos vardiT da gviriliT efineba varskvlavebis krToma mxiaruli... Tu sikvdilis siaxlove rogor asxvaferebs momakvdavi gedis hangTa vardebs da CanCqerebs, Tu rogor vgrZnob, rom sulisTvis am zRvam rom aRzarda,

sikvdilis gza arra aris vardisfer gzis garda!~...

g. tabiZe `mTawmindis mTvare~

vardi da gvirila migvaniSnebs wminda saflavze, rom iq marTali adamianis suli ganisvenebs. Cans, ga laktioni Caswvda cxovrebis Rrma azrs, amoxsna sikvdilis saidumlo da mas sikvdilis aRar eSinoda. igi werda kidec: `sikvdilis gza arra aris vardis­fer gzis garda!~ poetma ipova qriste, SeiTvisa, irwmuna da Seisisxlxorca igi; vardi sicocxlisa da RmerTis simboloc gaxlavT, maS am striqoniT galaktionma brZana: ar meSinia sikvdilis, vinaid­an amiT maradiulobaSi gadavinacvleb, mival WeS­marit RmerTTan, sikvdilis gza sxva araferia, Tu ara qris tesTan dabruneba da RmerTis saxe xom cno­bilia, rogorc `cxovrebis moniWebeli, sikvdilis sikvdiliT damTrgunveli~.

v. kotetiSvili batonebis mobrZanebasTan dakav­Sirebul wes­Cveulebebzec mogviTxrobda: (`xalx­uri poezia~ gv. 292) `an. erisTav­xoStaria, Tavis moTxrobaSi: `batonebma ar daiwunes~ ase aswers am scenas: avadmyof bavSvebs TaviT edgaT wiTeli suf­riT gadafarebuli skami, masze elagnen pawawa pure­bi, Saqrebi, sxva da sxva feri naWrebi, dedoflebi, bairaxebi, wiTlad daRebili kvercxebi da sxv. es gax ldaT batonebisaTvis gaSlili sufra. melana dabali xmiT iavnanas eubneboda Svilebs:

`iav­nana, vardo nana, iav­naninao, batonebo mwyaloblebo, iav­naninao, iasa vkref, vardsa vfinav, iav­naninao, Cems bavSvebs uSeRavaTeT, iav­naninao!~ melana wamodga da xelebis kvanwiT Camouara: `batonebis baRSiao, iav­naninao, TeTri TuTa asxiao, iav­naninao, Walas viyav, Wala vnaxe, iav­naninao, verxvi verxvsa exveoda, iav­naninao, TeTri zRvidan wamovediT, iav­naninao, Svidni Zmani, Svidni dani, iav­naninao, Svid sofels movefinebiT, iav­naninao, Svid sofels davscemT karavsa, iav­naninao, rogorc mosvliT gagvaxareT, ise wasvliTao, nana, nana batonebsa, iav­naninao!~

pirvel nawilSi vardisa da iisadmi Txovnaa aJ­Rerebuli, rom maT TavianTi meore, kargi mxarec gamoamJRavnon da ̀ bavSvebs uSeRavaTon~. ̀ wiTeli su­fra~ mwuxarebis, ubedurebis, usixarulobis maniS­nebeli gaxlavT. sixarulis Jams `lurj sufras~ Slidnen (aq lurji wiTlis antonimia), amitomac lurjma sufram sasixarulo, mdidruli, Tavaduri, TavadebisaTvis gaSlili sufris mniSvnelobac mi­

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iRo. arsebobs aseTi qarTuli xalxuri, kaxuri sim­Rera­`turfani~ sadac lurji sufris simboluri datvirTva naTladaa warmoCenili:

`turfani sxedan Cardaxsaarigeb­Carigebuli,win lurji sufra uSliaT,zed Rvino morigebuli;pursai sWamen da Rvinos smensimReras ar ityviano,alalme Senca da mecaSeni survili dameca,gogov, genacvlebi Sena,Senma cqeram damamSvena.~

teqstis meore nawili ki pirdapir moTxovnas Seicavs; melana daufaravad ambobs: `rogorc mos­vliT gagvaxareT, ise wasvliTao~ rac niSnavs, _ sikvdilo wadi, modi sicocxle! zustad analogi­uri formula gadava nestan­darejanzec. `qvad faz­ari sxda, kubo sdga, iagundisa lalisa, pirsa baRCa da sabanlad saraji vardis wyalisa~; nestanisaT­vis koSki SeiZleba iqces rogorc mwuxarebisa da sikvdilis, aseve bednierebisa da sicocxlis mom­tanad. unda CaiTvalos, rom dedis mzrunvelobas moSorebul nestans, ideuri TvalsazrisiT, dedo­bas tarieli uwevda, iseTive rols asrulebda, ro­gorc melana. misi umoqmedoba qals sikvdilisaTvis gaswiravda, samudamod Caagdebda borotebis xaxaSi, amitomaa rom poemaSi yvelaze meti moZraoba, ener­giuli moqmedeba, sworedac tariels evaleboda, amave mizeziT, gaCerebul da imedgacruebul tari­els avTandili mudmivad afxizlebda da brZolis ganaxlebisaken mouwodebda. SemTxveviTi araa, rom qajeTis cixis aRebasa da nestan­darejanis xsnaSi

mTavari dartyma, mTavari roli tarielma Seasrula. naxeT? friad saintereso movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme: nestans borotebisagan icavs tarieli, tariels­asma­Ti. Tvinier asmaTisa, axovani gmiri ver moaxerxebda mSvenieri satrfos daxsnas da misTvis bednierebis miniWebas. xalxuri sibrZnis Tanaxmad, yvelaze meti RvTiuri madli SuagulSi, centralur adgilze iyo davanebuli; misi moSla Temis daqceva­ganadgurebas gulisxmobda. vfiqrobT, nestanis koSki Suagul adgilad moiazreba. aqedan gamomdinare, alvis xesa­viT aziduli vardis(nestanis) mowyveta samSoblo­dan da ukacur qajeTSi gadasaxleba indo eTis same­fos dacemis tolfasi gaxldaT. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom davari grZneulebasa da magiaSi kar­gad erkveoda. roca RvTiuri Zala moisurvebs ama Tu im adgilas damkvidreba­dafuZnebas, im adgilis dasakuTrebas, keraze ifani aRmocendeba da Tan amohyveba gvelic, es ki Tvalxiluli niSania imi­sa, rom iq mcxovrebma adamianma sxvagan unda eZebos TavSesafari. Tu adamiani SeewinaaRmdegeba RvTis ne­bas, aucileblad daisjeba urCobisaTvis. qajis sim­bolur saxed gveli gamodis, gveli rogorc boro­ti, uwminduri, qvemZromi, TvalisaTvis SeumCneveli, grZneuli arseba; gvelis Sxamisagan samkurnalo wam­lebs amzadeben. gavixsenoT rogor mTavrdeba nes­tan­darejanis qajTagan xsnis epizodi: `naxes mzisa Sesayrelad, gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa~ anu tarielTan Sesayrelad qajebma nestan­darejani tyveobisagan gamouSves, gaaTavisufles. amrigad, es SesaniSnavi finali oden mxatvrulobis CarCoSi ver Caeteva, aq Rrma simbolika imaleba TiToeuli sityvis miRma da arcerTi sityva ar gaxlvaT SemTxveviT, ubralod dawerili, arc riTmis Seqmnis elements warmoadgens `sityva~ rusTavelTan. vrceli msjelobisaTvis ixi­leT Cemi wigni `rusTvelologiis sakvanZo sakiTxe­

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bi~ Tb.2015. maSasadame, Tu `qaji~ gvelia, e. i. da­varic avtomaturad gvelad warmogvidgeba. vinaidan koSkSi, sadac nestani imyofeboda, gveli aRmocenda, (gveli davaris saxiT), nestans umalve unda daetove­bina is adgili, magram mas amis neba ar hqonda, ar SeeZlo Tavisuflad moqmedeba da damoukideblad gadawyvetilebebis miReba Tavisive samflobeloSi. amas xvarazmSas princis momentic TvalnaTliv war­moaCens. gamomdinare aqedan, nestans aiZules winaaR­mdegobaSi mosuliyo RvTis wmida nebasTan, ris gamoc is aucileblad daisjeboda; Cven vambobT, axalgaz­rda qali gaswires didi ubedurebisaTvis, radganac mas Tavisi nebiT ar daur Rvevia RvTis kanoni. cxa­dia, sasjeli ar ascdeboda davarsac da metic, mas ufro mZime saxis sasjeli, sazRauri eloda rogorc RvTis wesis Segnebulad damrRvevs. marTlac, davars sicocxlis dakargvis tolfasad daujda RmerTTan brZola, nestani ki qajeTis cixeSi imyofeboda, mag­ram cocxali da fizikurad sruliad janmrTeli.

`zRviTke gaavlnes sarkmelni, maSinve gauCinarda. davar Tqva: ̀ mqmneli amisi, vin ar damqolos, vin ar­da! vire momklvides, movkvdebi, sicocxle gasawyinarda~.

dana daica, mo­ca­kvda, daeca, gasisxlmdinarda.~

rodesac saubaria Suagulur adgilebze, aq,EeWvgareSe, ivaraudeba didi doziT sakraluroba. aseTi niSniT gamoirCevian fSavSi laSaris jvari da laSaris bermuxa, xolo xevsureTSi­xmalas alvis xe. laSaris jvari mdebareobs ukana fSavSi, misi sab rZanisi ̀ xmelgoris~ saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. aq mdgara uzarmazari bermuxa, romelic kenweroze mob­muli oqros SibiT (jaWviT) ukavSirdeboda zeciur samyaros. Semoseuli mteri yovelTvis cdilobda am Suagulis moSlasa da damorCilebas, raTa Semdgom

Tavisi gavlenis qveS moeqcia mTeli kuTxe, Tumca amas ver axerxebda, radganac ar icoda bermuxis moWris saidumlo. bolos gamoCnda erTi moRalate, romelic variantebSi ixsenieba ariSaul berad. am gamcemma Seatyobina moZaladeebs, rom mieyvanaT kata, daeklaT da misi sisxli esxurebinaT xisaTvis, kma­roda erTi wveTic. laSaris bermuxis moWris isto­riuli aqti amgvarad gaiazreba xalxur poeziaSi:

`Sib gawyda, ciske wavida,

wioda rogorc gvelio.~

nestanis koSki oqros SibiT ukavSirdeboda in­doeTis sasaxles, Sesabamisad, koSkis moSla indoe­Tis samefos daqcevas moaswavebda. `vefxistyaosan­Si~ igive pasaJi gameorda, rac laSaris bermuxis moWris ambavSia gadmocemuli da imave simboluri gaazrebiTave itvirTeba. qajebma, anu gvelebma iwiv­les (Sen. `iyivles~ rusTavelTan `iwivles~ tolfa­sia) `ipi­ipia~; maT gamarjveba gauxardaT da TavianT enaze gamoxates emocia:

`man uTxra: ̀ wadiT, dakargeT, mun sada zRvisa Wipia,wmidisa wylisa ver naxos myinvare, verca lipia~; maT gaexarnes, xma­maRlad iyivles: `ipi, ipia!~

ese vnaxe da ar movkve, ara mgavs arca sipia.~

meore andrezi ukavSirdeba xmalas alvis xes, ro­melic mdgara xevsureTSi, saxeldobr barisaxoSi. xmala yofila Zveli salocavi da mis ezoSi mdgara Tvaluwvdeneli alvis xe. alvis xis ZirTan Zalzed Rrma darani (gvirabi) Cadioda. alvis xis monaJuri mironi am daranSi arsebul qvevrebSi grovdeboda. wiaRSi Sesvlis ufleba mxolod wminda kacebs hqon­daT da erT­erTi aseTi pirovnebis sityviT, ise Ti Rrma yofila darani, rom cxra fexi sanTeli das­Wirvebia CasvlaSi da amdenive­dabrunebaSi. aqac

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analogiuri istoria meordeba. alvis xe Tavisi Si biT ukavSirdeboda mopirdapire goraze mdgar Su­riscixes. alvis xis mokveTam ganapiroba kavSiris gawyveta alvis xesa da Suriscixes Soris. aRniS­nuli sakraluri siuJetebis SuagulSi dganan jvar­xatTa xelqveiTebi, kultmsaxurni, qadag­xevisbrebi da dekanozebi.

citata: (gv. 293­294; 303­304) `sazogadod oqro mi­Tologiuri eniT mnaTobTa atributia. oqros Tmebi, oqros qoCori da fafari, Cveulebriv, mzis damaxasi­aTebeli niSania. heliosi (mze) oqros qoCriani iyo. zRaprebSi xSiria oqros Tmiani qali, oqros qoCri­ani vaJi...oqros sawmisiani verZi. ... amave rigis cneba aris `oqros akvanic~ da tanisamosic, romelic ise poeturad aris CamoTvlili: `atlasis sabani hxur­avs, zar­babTisa artaxebiT... movis perangi ucviaT, mTvare grexilad uvliaT, varskvlavi Rilad ubi­aT~... uZvelesi warmodgeniT, ca RvTis samoselia, varskvlavi ki­Rili, romliTac es mantia aris Sek­ruli.~ ... wiTeli movis perangi: wiTeli feri am Sem­TxvevaSi Wabukis sikvdilTan aris dakavSirebuli. iqve aris `ukuni~ `wyvdiadi~ e.i. Savi. ... viciT isic, rom wiTeli feric sikvdilis ferad iTvleboda. berZnul­romauli miTologiis plutonos, qveskne­lis RmerTi, wiTel perangiania; homirosis thanatos (sikvdili) mewamulia, wiTeli. CvenSi, wiTlad Cama­val mzes, dResac micvalebulebis mzes uwodeben. `wiTeli xari~ cecxlic aris Cveni gamocanis mixed­viT da sikvdilic (balaxi aRar amova); Cvens zRapre­bSic `wiTeli~ sikvdilisa da gansacdelis feria, an qvesknelis feri. zRaparSi `vaSla~: _ `gauvso Wiqa wyliT da uTxra: sanam es wyali WiqaSi fers ar icvlis, cocxali miguleT, gawiTldeba da­mkvdari varo.~ (T. raz. fS. zR. gv. 21). zRapari `iadonisa

da bulbulisa~: `Savze ro Samjdariyo kaci, gaqan­gamoqandeboda, xan iqiT hkravda kldes da xan aqeT da ise mohklavda. is sikvdilis mociquli iyo. wi­Telze rom Semjdariyo kaci, ufro qveviT wavido­da, da TeTrze rom Semjdariyo,­zecas. am qveynad is naTlis mociquli iyo.~ (iqve, gv. 17) xogais mindis sikvdils xalxuri leqsi ase aswers: `xogais mindi kvdeboda, mze wiTldeboda, cxreboda.~ leqsSi `cis­karma amoanaTa~ `avidnen samcornozeda, mze wiTlad amodisao... ava deda mters biWebo, xma aris qistebis­ao,... RiRiniT savse Tvalebi udrood daxuWisao~... magaliTebis moyvana kidev mravlad SeiZleboda, ma­gram kmara. ra mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni leqsisaTvis am wiTel fers? is mniSvneloba aqvs, rom am niSni­Tac Cveni Tavfaravneli Wabuki dionises enaTesave­ba. dionise or­bunebovania, rasac gviCvenebs imisi ormagi niRabi. es ori bunebovaneba ki gamoixateba wiTeli da Savi ferebis simbolikiT. Cveni gmiric am ori feris simbolikiT xasiaTdeba: Savi wyvdiadi da wiTeli perangi. ise rom, Wabukis `wiTel movis pe rangs~ garkveuli azri eZleva.~ (cit. das.) komen­tari: xalxuri leqsi, kotetiSvili v. `xalxuri poe­zia~ 1934 gv. 13.

Sen Cemo dido imedo

`Sen Cemo dido imedo, koSko nagebo kiriTa, kaxeTs moWrilo isaro qalaqs naRebo iniTa! wiTelo movis perango Svidgan Sekrulo RiliTa, cav wmindav varskvlaviano, mzev dafenilo diliTa, ukvdavebisa wyaroo

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nadeno oqros miliTa, SenTanamc yofniT gamaZRo, SenTanamc wola ZiliTa.~

uzarmazar masalas Seicavs es leqsi, maS ganvixi­loT is: Tu ratom aris koSki `didi imedi~ amaze cota qvemoT mogaxsenebT. zemoTac iTqva garkveviT, rom wiTeli sikvdilis feria da wiTeli movis per­angic Wabukis sikvdilTanaa dakavSirebuli; iqvea ukuni, wyvdiadi, anu Savi. axla gavixsenoT `vefx­istyaosnidan~ is siuJeti, rodesac rostevani Tavis amalasTan erTad `ucxo moymes~ gadaeyara:

`naxes ucxo moyme vinme, jda mtirali wylisa pirsa, Savi cxeni sadaviTa hyva lomsa da viTa gmirsa, xSirad esxa margaliti lagam­abjar­unagirsa. cremlsa vardi daeTrTvila, gulsa mduRrad anatirsa.

mas tansa kaba emosa gare­Tma vefxis tyavisa, vefxis tyavisa qudive iyo sarqmeli Tavisa, xelTa naWedi maTraxi hqonda usxosi mklavisa; naxes da naxva mounda ucxosa sanaxavisa.~

moxmobil leqsSi vkiTxulobT: `wiTelo movis perango, Svidgan Sekrulo RiliTa, cav wmindav var­skvlaviano, mzev dafenilo diliTa.~ ca RvTis sa­moseli gaxlavT, varskvlavi ki­am samoselis Rili. amgvarad, ̀ cav wminda varskvlaviano~ miniSnebaa imisa, rom es wiTeli movis perangi RvTis Sesamoselia, amis Camcmel­matarebels Tavad RmerTi warmoadgens; man­tia varskvlavebiT ikvris, varskvlavebi aqvs Rilebis nacvlad mibmuli. vnaxeT isic, rom `Svidi~ magiuri ricxvia, SeuZlia rogorc avi, aseve sasargeblo gav­lenis moxdena adamiansa da nebismier cocxal ar­sebaze. `Svidi~ eqvemdebareba transformirebas, misi modifikaciisa da desakralizebis unari­Zala xelT

upyriaT gamorCeul, wminda, RvTis rCeul adamianebs. es perangi rom wminda adamianis Sesamoselia, amtki­cebs Semdegi fraza: `mzev dafenilo diliTa~ _ mze RmerTis simboloa, maSasadame `wiTeli movis perangi~ gamodis Ze qristes, anu RvTis adamianuri bunebis Sesamoseli; qriste dedamiwaze am perangiT dadioda... am leqsSi brwyinvaledaa naCvenebi wiTe­li perangis(da saerTod, wiTlis) desakralizeba, wiTeli xom sikvdilisa da sicocxlis simbolocaa. wiTeli perangi Wabukis sikvdils exmmianeba, mis aR­sasruls moaswavebs da raoden niSandoblivia, rom qristec mxsnelad moevlina amqveyanas da zvarakad daikla kacobriobis saxsnelad: `qriste aRdga mkv­dreTiT, sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunveli, dasa­flavebis SinaTa, cxovrebis mimniWebeli~. `vefxisty­aosanSi~ kaba ar aris qalis Sesamoseli, igi emijneba dRevandel definicias da iRebs amgvar semantikas: ka­ba­perangi, mosasxami, mantia. maSasadame, poemaSi tari­elis `kaba~ (`mas tansa kaba emosa~) wiTeli ferisaa, misi zeda Sesamoseli wiTelia. mantia gul­mkerdis midamo ebSi ikvreba varskvlavebiT, e. i. aqedanac cxa­dia is faqti, rom asmaTi, vinc guldamwvar gmirs gverdidan arasodes moSorebia, _ varskvlavia, anu mis simbolur epiTetad gamodis varskvlavi. wiTe­li perangis qoniT rusTavelma xazi gausva gmiri tarielis gamorCeulobas, ase vTqvaT, RvTiur war­momavlobas. aqve vityviT, sasurvelia `vefxistyaos­nis~ ilustraciebze, romelic amis Semdgom gamova, tarieli gamoisaxos ̀ wiTeli perangiT~ mosili, raTa maqsimalurad SenarCunebul iqnas poemis ideuri suli da avtoris saTqmeli. ra Tqma unda, wiTeli mo­sasxami, eWvgareSe, asaxavs tarielis Sinagan, sulier da aseve xorciel, fizikur mdgomareobasac; Tu wi­Teli feri Wabukis sikvdils ukavSirdeba, marTlac,

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imxanad tarieli sulierad mkvdari da xorcielad daZabunebuli iyo, radganac waarTves satrfo, ugzo­ukvlod dakarges da mijnurisagan moSorebulma ar uwyoda qalis (aq: nestan­darejanis) avan­Cavani. gasaT­valiswinebelia tarielis `Savi cxenic~:

`Savi cxeni sadaviTa hyva lomsa da viTa gmirsa, xSirad esxa margaliti lagam­abjar­unagirsa~.

tarieli glovis procesSi imyofeboda da iciT, adamiani vismes an rasmes rom glovobs, is yvela­nair garegnul samSveniss, samkauls ixnis da Saveb­Si imoseba, tarielis cxeni ki mdidruladaa aRkaz­muli, Zvirfasi TvlebiT gaxlavT morTuli da bu nebrivad Cndeba iseTi asociacia, TiTqos tarieli ar unda glovobdes satrfos dakargvaso. qarTul folklor Si aris ̀ cxenis dakurTxvinebis~ tradicia. am tradiciis mixedviT, romelic ufro mTis xalxSi sruldeboda, adamians axlobeli rom gardaecvle­boda, gamoiyvanda sakuTar cxens, Tu sakuTari ar hyavda, naTesavs eTxoveboda, morTavda mdidrulad da soflis wyaroze waiyvanda, sadac am wyals daa­levinebda da miapkurebda. am movlenas `cxenis da­kurTxvineba~ anu cxenis kurTxeva, ganwmenda ewodeba. xSirad yofila SemTxvevebi, rodesac am ritualis Sesrulebis dros, cxens Tvalebze cremli mosdgo­mia. maS, morTuli Savi cxeniT mkiTxvels tarielis ubedurebis Sesaxeb euwya, rom man warsulSi Tavi­saTvis Zalian Zvirfasi adamiani dakarga, es Zvir­fasi adamiani ki nestan­darejani gaxldaT. Wabuki qals, rogorc mkvdars ise dastiroda, vinaidan arc­erTi sulieri ar moiZebna, visac nestanis adgilsa­myofeli ecodineboda. Savisa da wiTlis erToblivi simbolika gmiris orbunebovnebas warmoaCens, rac garedan momzirali TvalisaTvis rTulad SesamCnevi

da amosakiTxia Tavisi enigmaturi xasiaTis gamo. Tu tarielis mosasxami wiTeli ferisaa, cxeni ki _ Savi, es imas niSnavs, rom mkiTxvelis winaSe warmomdgari gaxlavT ori bunebis, rogorc adamianuris, aseve RvTaebrivi buneba­warmomavlobis mqone protago­nisti. amgvari gaazrebiTa da gaSinaarsebiT, tari­elis amqveynad movlineba RvTisSvilis, RmerTkacis dabadebas warmoadgens. savaraudod, naxevarRmerTs morige RmerTisagan samarTlianobis aRdgena dae­valeboda, risi daskvnis gamotanis saSualebasac, TviT, narativi iZleva. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis: mas tyuilad, umizezod, mxolod sakuTar survilTa kmasayofelad ar mouklavs xvarazmSas princi, maSa­sadame, misi es gadawyvetileba ar iyo gamowveuli nestanis xelSi Cagdebis mizniT, da amdenad, tari­elis gadawyvetileba antigones brZnul, mamacur nabijsa da arCevans utoldeba. zogadad rTulia, amoarCio: _ `pirovneba, Tu samSoblo?~ magram am SemTxvevaSi orive protagonisti swored moiqca, vi­naidan maT gacnobierebuli aqvT is, rom pirovneba qmnis samSoblos da pirovnebebze dgas qveyana. poemi­dan vuwyiT tarielis mamis personaJi, Tumca, arafe­ria naTqvami (tarielis) dedis Sesaxeb. mivadeqiT `vefxistyaosnis~ amocanas~­sworedac esaa rusTave­lis udidesi gamocana, rom man Segnebulad dama­la tarielis dedis vinaoba; deda gaxlvaT RmerTi, gnebavT, RmerTqali, tarieli RvTis danabadia! amiT aixsneba misi yvelaferSi gamorCeuloba, araadami­anuri Zalis, energiis floba, wamieri gauCinareba, xalxisagan moSorebiT cxovreba (beruli cxovrebis wesi), lom­vefxvze gamarjveba, qajebze Zleva, gam­Wriaxoba, mofiqrebuloba... ar SeiZleba avtorma pirdapir miawodos mkiTxvels amocanis pasuxi, me­tad­re, Tu dedaazris funqcia ekisreba. pirvel rig­

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Si, erTpirovnuli gmiris saxes Camoqnida, Tavadve dakargavda mravalgvari gaazrebis interpretirebis SesaZleblobas, meorecerTi, uinteresos gaxdida nawarmoebs, windawin gaxsnida ra saidumlos.

`naxes ucxo moyme vinme, jda mtirali wylisa pir­sa~ – moyvanil konteqstSi `wyali~ winaaRmdegobis simbolod warmogvidgeba. wyali rogorc winaaRmde­gobis Semcveli elementi, xels uSlis pirovnebas, an individTa jgufs sanukvari miznis miRwevaSi. am kuTxiT sainteresoa odisevsis xetiali ukide­gano wyalSi da moses mier ebraelebis gamoyvana egviptelTa batonobidan, monobisagan; odisevss troadan mSobliur iTakaSi dabrunebis saSualebas poseidonis brZanebiT aRzevebuli, aRelvebuli wya­li ar aZlevda, ebraelebs monobis umZimesi uRlis zidvas wiTeli zRva aiZulebda. mosem aRamaRla kverTxi da es zRva orad ganapo, orad ganyo, ris Semdegac ebraelebma mSralze gaiares da gaTavi­sufldnen egviptelTa batonobisagan, amieridan maT egviptelebis brZanebebis Sesruleba aRar mouwev­daT. maS, wylis stiqiis daZlevis, gadalaxvis Zala RvTaebrivi bunebis mqone adamianebs upyriaT xelT, kacobrivi warmoSobis `ubralo adamiani~ daiRupe­ba wyalSi. (klasikosTa Semoqmedebidan ikveTeba da gamosWvivis xsenebuli motivi; mag. ak. wereTlis `naTela~, sadac aw ukve kanonizirebulma cotne dadianma naTelas gulis mosagebad, TeTri raSiT adidebuli yvirila gadalaxa. iliasTan Tergi `qar­Tvelobadakarguli qarTvelis~ dasustebuli sa­qar Tvelos simboloa. konstantine gamsaxurdias ro manSi `mTvaris motaceba~ momakvdavi fexmZime Tam­aris naxvis msurvel TaraS emxvars adidebuli en­guri moitacebs da iRupeba). SeiZleba asec gavigoT: damwuxrebul tariels satrfos dabrunebaSi mis win

Camomdinari wyali uSlida xels. vinaidan man gada­laxa wyali da sabolood, bevri Tavdauzogavi brZo­lis Sedegad daibruna umSvenieresi mijnuri, e. i. is, marTlac, naxe varRmerTi iyo. wylis zemoSeniSnuli simboluri datvirTva uxsovari droidan iRebs sa­Taves, masSi uSoresi warsuli irekleba. amaze, jer kidev, vaxtang kotetiSvili miuTiTebda(miTiTebuli wigni, gv. 295): `Tavfaravneli Wabuki (gv.10) am leqsis zerele gadakiTxviTac ki mkiTxveli igrZnobs raRac zRaprul, fantastiur qveyanas. marTalia leqsi Za­lian daaxlovebulia satrfialo romantikasTan, mag ram mainc SerCenia ramdenime dokumenti, romelic amJRavnebs leqsSi daculi miTosis nawilebs da maT Zvelis Zvelobas. ... arsebobda Zvel saberZneTSi mi­Tosi herosa da leandrosis Sesaxeb. imaT erTmaneTi uyvardaT. qali koSkSi ijda, vaJi ki zRvis meore mxridan miscuravda qalisaken, romelic koSkSi Ci­raRdans unTebda gzis gasakvlevad. erTxel zRva aboboqrdeba, CiraRdani Caqreba, vaJi gzasa hkargavs da iRupeba. vaJ­ufliswulis cxedars mebaduri dai­Wers da napirze gamoitans. hero dastiris da Tavs iklavs. es fabula baladis saxiT daswera ovidi­usma, romelic Semdeg, saSualo saukuneebSi aTas­nairad gadamuSavda.~ mohyavda `Silleris~ varianti da aseve miuTiTebda `hero­leandresa~ da `Tavfarav­neli Wabukis~ struqturul da ideur siaxloveze. vgonebT, orive Sedevrs erTi zepiri gardamocema, Tqmuleba unda dadeboda safuZvlad, amitom, miuxe­davad ovidiusis dabadebis TariRis codnisa(Zv.w. 43w. 20 marti), mainc gaZneldeba romelimesaTvis pirveladobis miniWeba.

Tavfaravneli Wabuki `Tavfaravneli Wabuki aspanas qalsa hyvarobda,

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zRva hqonda winad savali, gasvlas Sig ara zarobda. qali anTebda sanTelsa, sanTeli kelaptarobda, erTi avsuli beberi vaJisTvis avsa lamobda, sarkmelze anTebul sanTels aqrobda, abezarobda, Tan imas eubnebodawinadac ega gyvarobda. vaJi miangrevs talRebsa, gul­mkerdi ara Cqamobda, calxeliT dolabi miaqvs, calxeliT niav­qarobda, zRvis gaRma erTi sanTeli gamoRma kelaptarobda. Rame Camodga wyvdiadi ukuns ramesa hgvanobda, talRa talRaze nacemi vaJis CanTqmasa lamobda. dahkarga foni, SeSWirda, morevi boboqarobda, gaTenda dila lamazi, keklucis Tvalebs hgvanobda, wyalsa daexrCo Wabuki, Woroxze egdo, qanobda, wiTeli movis perangi zevidan dahfarfarobda, leSs dasjdomoda zed orbi, guls uglejavda, xarobda.~

(v. kotetiSvili, `xalxuri poezia~ 1934; gv.10)

vfiqrobT, `Tavfaravnel WabukTan~ mimarTebiT saeWvo unda iyos RvTaebrivi warmomavlobis kvalis Zieba. Cans, rusTavelic daesesxa xsenebul miToss,

kerZod ki, tarieli daxata `Tavfaravneli Wabukis~ darad. nestani mSoblebma koSkSi Casves, saidanac iwyeba qalis ubedureba; amiT is moaSores tariels, arafrad Caagdes maTi siyvaruli. Semdeg, avsulma beberma davarma is yvelasaTvis gaugonar qajeTis cixeSi gaatana Tavis 2 monas (`wamodges orni monani piriTa miT qajebiTa~), sadedoflod gamzadebul qals sanTeli Cauqro da sikvdilis merec ̀ abezarob­da~ gamudmebiT uqrobda sanTels, Tumca­Ra RmerTi­saTvis (aseve naxevarRmerTisaTvis) araferia SeuZle­beli. Tu davakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom tariels 2­jer mouwia winaaRmdegobis daZleva­gadalaxva, razec miuTiTebs nestan­darejanis erTi koSkidan meoreSi gadayvana, davazustebT, indoeTis koSkidan _ qajeTis koSkSi. aucilebelia mcirediT SevCerdeT `koSkis~ simbolikaze. koSki aris miuRwevelobisa da idumalebis simbolo, amitomac yvela koSki mTis, kldis wverze, an ukidegano wylis SuaSi, centrSi gaxlvaT aRmarTuli. SeniSnuli semantikuri veli `koSkisaTvis~ uamrav wels iTvlis ukan da `wylis~ simbolikas enaTesaveba.

`mTis mwvervalze, cis maxloblad, mercxlis buded raRac mosCans; TvalT isari Senatyorcni ver arCevs mis sigrZes da gans. is facxaa mRvimis pirad, mownuli da migrexili...~ (`gamzrdeli~ akaki)

`sadac didebuls mTasa myinvarsa orbni, arwivni ver Sehxebian, sad wvima­Tovli yinulad qmnilni mzisgan arodes ara dnebian, sad udabursa mas myudroebas,

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kacT Jriamuli ver Seswvdenia, sad meufeba Weqa­quxilsa yinuls da qarTa mxolod hSTenia,­ uwindels droSi RvTisa mosavTa gamouqvabavT mun monsateri da im yinulSi SeTxrils RvTis taZars beTlems uwodes dResaca eri~. (`gandegili~ ilia)

`Ramis wydviadSi Cafluli gamtknarebulis saxiTa, mosCans qisteTis midamo salis kldeebis taxtiTa... gaRma sCans qistis sofeli arwivis budesaviTa, saamo aris sacqerladdiacis ubesaviTa... mividnen, koSkebi daCnda, aqa­iq hyefen ZaRlebi, karebSi icqirebian cnobismoyvare balRebi.~

(`stumar­maspinZeli~ vaJa)

koSkis sinonimebadaa gasaazrebeli `monasteri~ `so feli~ `gamoqvabuli~ `facxa~ da saerTodac, sa­va ra udod, nebismieri adgili, sadac adamians dae­dgomeba, gnebavT, ecxovreba. konkretul sakulto adgilze misul uRirs pirovnebas daRupva uweria, e.i. gardauvali gaxlavT misi tragikuli sikvdili; faqtiurad, uRirsi aRTqmul nayofs ver iRebs....

koSki uxvad figurirebda qarTul xalxur zRa­prebSi, sadac analogiuri ideuri datvirTva gaaCnda. bunebrivia, qarTvelma mwerlebma koSkis aseTi modi­fikacia asaxes TavianT nawarmoebebSi, rac imTaviTve

cxadhyofs im utyuar faqts, rom qarTvel mweral­Ta Semoqmedeba gaJRenTilia qarTuli Tu msoflio folkloris uRrmesi plastebiT. am TvalsazrisiT erT ideur zolze dalagdebian `verxklis cixe~ `idumlis koSki~ `qajeTis cixe~. tarielis person­aJSi imzireba qarTuli zRapris gmiri, WinWraqa iqne­ba es, xuTkunWula, nacarqeqia Tu asfurcela. man moxer xebulobiT dajabna devebi da dasaxlda deve­bis gamoqvabulSi. devebis moreva sikeTis msaxur Rv­TisSvils (gamorCeul gmirs) SeeZlo da im adgilze sikeTis daTesvas, motanas gulisxmobda. maS, devebis dammarcxebeli naxevari bunebiT mainc RmerTi unda yofiliyo. (am kuTxiT ix. m. Ciqovanis ̀ SoTa rusTave­li da qarTuli folklori~ Tb. 1966, gamomc. mecn.). koSkis Tavze Semoskupebulma WinWraqam devs uTxra: koconi daanTe, Sig Caxti da ali aq amogiyvanso; dev­mac daijera, Caxta da Seixruka kidec, nacrad iqca. xuTkunWulam msgavs xerxs mimarTa: lodi aitana da devs CamosZaxa: daweqi gulaRma, lods Camovagdeb da rom dagecema aq amogaxtunebso; devi Suaze gaix­liCa. gansakuTrebiT mdidaria simboluri saxeebiT da ̀ vefxistyaosnis~ siuJetTan siaxloves amJRavnebs zRapari `asfurcela~. erT moxuc qals 2 vaJi da erTi qaliSvili hyavda. Zmebis kvals gayolili da uzarmazari devis gamoqvabulSi moxvda; devis dedam gadamala is. nadirobidan dabrunebulma devma ada­mianis suni igrZno da mxolod maSin ga mouCina qali dedam, rodesac misgan `SeuWmelobis~ piroba miiRo­ar SevWamo. devma Seasrula sityva da coladac ki SeirTo. dis wamosayvanad misuli Zmebi devma gaday­lapa. deda eloda maT, magram rom aRar dabrund­nen, mixvda raSic iyo saqme. dadardi anebul dedas erTma moxucma berikacma wiTeli vaSli gauwoda da uTxra as nawilad gaeWra is da yoveldRe TiTo cali eWama. mease naWris miRebis Semdeg dedas as­

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furcela gauCnda(Sen. Cveni azriT, logikuria da­vuSvaT asfurcelas nawilianobis hipoTeza). asfur­celam devi yvelaferSi dajabna: sanam devi erT irems gaatyavebda, mas 2 ukve gaetyavebina da moexarSa, da­jabna WidaobaSic. moxerxebulobiTa da gonebamaxvi­lobis wyalobiT, devs Tavebi waaWra, amoiyvana Ta­visi Zmebi, dac gaaTavisufla devis samsaxurisagan da saxlis gzas daadgnen. asfurcelam Tavisi da xelmwifis vaJze gaaTxova, Zmebic daojaxdnen. esaa Zalian mokled am zRapris Sinaarsi. mcire monax­azidanac ki bevri saerTo SeiniSneba `vefxistya­osanTan~. SoTa rusTavelis mier interpretirebu­lia adamianis kidobanSi gadamalvis suraTi, (asmaTi pirispir mxolod maSin Seaxvedrebs avTandilsa da tariels, rodesac am ukanasknelisagan miiRebs pi­robas, rom is ar moklavda masTan misul Wabuks), asfurcelas yvela Tviseba gaaCnia tariels, igi Sem kulia araadamianuri ZalebiTurT. yovelive es sruli ueWvelobiT daamtkicebs `vefxistyaosnis~ fabulis qarTuli sivrcidan warmoSobilobas, rom is amoizarda qarTuli miTosuri samyarodan. SesaZ­loa saubari tarielis nawilianobaze; am mxriv, po­emis mTavari gmiri amiranis darad warmogvidgeba. (Sen. mosazreba ekuTvnis akad. Salva nucubiZes) igi amiranis eposs `warmarTul vefxistyaosans~ uwo­debda. Sinaarsoblivi mravalferovnebiT, motivebis siuxviTa da kompoziciuri mTlianobiT gamoirCeva fSavuri versia. amiranis dabadeba saswaulebriv mo­tivebs Seicavda. svanuri variantis Tanaxmad, amira­nis deda nadirobis qalRmerTi dali gaxldaT, mamas darjalani, an sulkalmaxi erqva. faqti, rom amirani aRWurvilia RvTiuri warmomavlobis niSnebiT, xazs usvams mis araCveulebriobas. mas Cveulebrivi mok­vdavebisagan gansxvavebiT dReSi maTraxis taris si­maRle emateboda, hqonda oqros kbili. gansxvavebu­

lebi da gamorCeulebi iyvnen amiranis Zmebic (zogi versiis Tanaxmad, biZebi an biZaSvilebi). usups be­Webs Sua mzis niSani ejda, badrs­mTvarisa. xalxuri leq si maT ase axasiaTebs:

`badri qalsa hgav lamazsa,

saqmared gamzadebulsa,

usupi brolis cixesa

Tav­bolo gamzadebulsa,

amiran Savsa Rrubelsa,

saavdrod gamzadebulsa.~

usupi gonierebiT, badri garegnuli silamaziT, xolo amirani usazRvro Zal­Ronis qoniT ga mo irCeoda. amirani borotad iyenebda Tavis fizi­kur SesaZleblobebs. ganawyenebulma qalma urCia, misi mamisaTvis Tvalis wamrTmevi devi daesaja. mar­Tlac, amirani daeria devebs da musri gaavlo. man aramarto piradi Suri iZia, aramed mTels sofelsa da saTavisianos mSvidoba moutana, rac boroti Za­lebisagan adamianTa sacxovrisi teritoriebis gaTa­visuflebaSi gamoixateboda. am kuTxiT amirani didad emsgavseba iaxsarsa da kopalas, romelTac agreTve demiurguli Rvawli miewerebaT saTanado miTosur siuJetebSi. amrigad, Zneli saTqmelia vin ufro adre mihyo xeli sociumis SeqmnisaTvis saWiro pirobebis momzadebas cisqveSeTSi. vfiqrobT, gveleSapTan brZo la sakuTar TavTan brZolis tolfasia, gvele­Sapze gamarjveba ki sakuTar Tavze, neba­survil ze gamarjvebad Seiracxeboda. badrim da usupma marti­vad daamarcxes gveleSapebi (ig. gvelveSapi/gvelvar­Sapi), badrim­TeTri, usupma _ wiTeli. Savis damar­cxeba friad gauWirda amirans da igi gveleSapis mucelSi aRmoCnda. Cans, feri Tanxvdeba adamianis Sinagan bunebas da swored aqedan gamomdinare, unda

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momxdariyo `Savi~­s desakralizeba, anu amiranis ganwmenda. Tu ufro zustad vityviT, borotebisaken mimarTuli goneba sikeTisaken unda motrialeboda. Zmebis daxmarebiT amiranma gveleSaps daniT muceli gauWra da samSvidobos gamovida. Tumca, am faqtma ar daafiqra Zal­RoniT savse gmiri, man ar isurva gonebis sruli ganwmenda, rac samomavlod misTvis sabediswero aRmoCnda. gaTamamebuli amirani Rru­belTbatonis qaliS vilis­yamaris mosataceblad gae­marTa. igi badris TeTroniT (TeTri raSiT) gaeSura caTa samefosaken. koS ki, sadac yamari imyofeboda, dakidebuli iyo Sua zRvis Tavze da iq aRwe va mxo­lod mfrinavi raSis daxmarebiT SeiZleboda. (para­leli gaivleba qajeTis cixesTan, identuri aqvs teritoriuli ganlagebac). gmirma warmatebiT gai­ara dabrkolebebi da moitaca Tavisi gulisswori. yamaris mamam qaj­eSmakebi daadevna. Zmebis daxmare­biT amiranma maTgan Tavis daRweva moaxerxa, magram amiT brZola ar damTavrebula; dadga gadamwyveti faza, _ Seibnen amirani da RrubelTbatoni. amiranis xmali yamaris mamis beqTarze naperwklebs yrida da mis patrons verafers aklebda. am dros yamarma Ta­vis rCeuls dauZaxa:

`amiran, col­deda mkvdaro, omi ver ici kilosa! maRla ki nu scem spilosa, dabla Semohkar rbilosa, ZarRvni ro daiWrebian,

daecemian Zirosa!~

amiranma daujera, gangmira beqTari da gamarjve­buli saxlis gzas daadga. (msgavsebaa evripides `medeasTan~) gzad ambri arabis deda Sexvda, romel­mac sTxova amirans urmidan gadmokidebuli Tavisi gardacvlili Svilis barZayi uremze Seedo, magram

gmirma Zvra ver uyo. am ambis Semdeg, sasowarkveTili amirani 1 weli sabneloSi ijda, gareT ar gamodio­da. (tarielic ase moiqca mamis gardacvalebis gamo). amiranma daxmareba Tavis naTlias sTxova, naTlia Tavad RmerTi gaxldaT. RmerTma mas ufro meti Zala uboZa. gaTavxedebulma da RTvis mowyalebiT waxa­lisebulma amiranma RmerTTan daWideba moisurva. (aq aSkaraa bibliuri pasaJi: adam­evas sindromi, maT RmerToba moisurves da swored amitomac daarRvies RvTis kanoni, rac akrZaluli xilis gemos xmevaSi gamoixateba; aseve, iakobis RmerTTan Serkinebis sce­na). RmerTma yavarjeni miwaSi Caaso da uTxra naT­luls: Tu samjer amoiReb, gaimarjvebo. 2 jerze mar tivad amoiRo, mesamed ki RmerTma imgavard Rrmad CaarWo miwaSi, fesvebi dedamiwis Suaguls miswvda. daarxeinebuli Wabuki daswvda mesamejer yavarjens, magram Zvra ver uyo, misi yoveli mcdeloba fias­koTi sruldeboda. (xalxuri gamoTqmebi: `RmerTi samobiTaa~ `mesame da samarTali~!) ganrisxebulma RmerTma amirani kavkasionis qeds miajaWva; mas yo­vel Rame arwivi ukortnida RviZls. erTi versiis Tanaxmad, im usqeles jaWvs, romliTac miWedebuli iyo kldeze ampartavani da gulzviadi gmiri, finia lokavda da aTxelebda; rodesac gaaTxelebda da gawyvetis zomamde miiyvanda, TeTri mtredi Semo­jdeboda jaWvze, RmerTi samjer Semohkravda uros jaWvs da kvlav amTelebda. qristianul kulturaSic, TeT ri mtredi RvTis simbolo gaxlavT. yovel Svid weliwadSi erTxel ixsneboda kavkasionis qedis Sua nawili da yvela sulieri cocxali arseba xedavda amiranis tanjva­wamebis suraTs. gaxsovT, zemoT vrclad visaubreT ricxvi Svidis magiur SesaZleb­lo bebze. maS, amiranTan mimarTebiT, ver Sesrulda `Svidis~ karg ricxvad qceva, misi desakralizeba da formis cvlileba­transformireba, ar isurva ra

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TviTon RvTisrCeulma. amiT amiranma dakarga RvTaeb­rioba, Camoexsna madli da Zala, riTic is `dace­mul angelozs~ miemsgavsa. amgvari gaazrebiT, ami­rani, vinc kopalasa da iaxsars unda gatoleboda, daemsgav seba TorRva Zagans. amiranis eposis varian­tebidan uaRresad sagulisxmoa Tedo razikaSvilis mier Cawerili leqs­varianti. yovelive zemoTqmuli warmoaCens erT Zalian mniSvnelovan aspeqts: Rmer­Tobas, RvTaebriv bunebasa da warmomavlobas Senar­Cuneba sWirdeboda, rac gamorCeuli gmirisagan mud­miv moqmedebas, gonebis mouduneblobas iTxovda. amgvarad, qristianulma kulturam bevri ram aiRo war marTuli xanidan. tarielis nawilianobas poema­Si nestan­darejani amJRavnebs qajeTidan tarieli­sadmi miwe ril werilSi. (Sen. aRniSnul msgavseba­ze migviTiTa da magaliTi gvapovnina prof. amiran arabulma).

`mze uSenod ver iqnebis, radgan Sen xar misi wili, ganaRamca mas eaxel misi etli, ar Tu wbili! muna gnaxo, madve gsaxo, ganminaTlo guli Crdili, Tu sicocxle mware mqonda, sikvdilimca mqonda

tkbili!~

mTeli poema gaJRenTilia baladuri suliTa da SemarTebiT, iqneba es satrfialo, sawesCveulebo Tu samonadireo balada. (ix. z. kiknaZis `avTandilis anderZi~ Tb. 2001w.) Zmadnaficobis tradiciis para­lelurad sxva uamravi qarTuli folkloridan na­sazrdoebi tradiciis kvali SeiniSneba, dailandeba `vefxistyaosanSi~.

amrigad, tarielis saxeSi kompilirebulia TiTq­mis mTeli qarTuli miTosi da antikuri xanis lite­raturuli azrovneba, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom Cven aq saqme gvaqvs ori udidesi, Tanadrouli da uar­

qaulesi kulturis TanakveTasTan _ berZnulisa da qarTulis.

yovelive zemoTqmulis, nafiqralisa da naazrevis gaTvaliswineba­gasigrZeganebiT, iqneb Rirdes dafiq­reba poema ̀ vefxistyaosnis~ fabulis qarTulobazec...

uwyebuleba:

naSromi gadagzavnilia SoTa rusTavelis dabade­bidan 850 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil samecniero kon­kursze, romelic gamoacxada gazeTma `liter­aturulma mesxeTma~. Semdgom aRniSnuli kvleva davamuSaveT wignad da gTavazobT mciredi Seswore­bebiT.

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damowmebuli literatura:

1. abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006 (t­1) 2007 (t­2) _ z. abzi­aniZe, q. elaSvili, `simboloTa ilustrirebuli encik­lopedia~ 2 tomad, gamomc. bakmi, Tbilisi.

2. arabuli 1992 _ g. arabuli, `SoTa rusTavelis bi og­rafia qarTul mecnierebaSi~, gamomc. `merani~, Tbilisi.

3. inwkirveli eT. `literaturuli teqstis folklor­izacia: ̀ vefxistyaosani~ da ̀ tarieliani~ weliwdeuli, t. IV, quTaisi, 2012/eZRvneba `vefxistyaosnis~ pirveli beW­duri gamocemis 300 wlisTavs. (quTaisis ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis samecniero biblioTeka).

4. kekeliZe 1981 _ k. kekeliZe, `Zveli qarTuli litera­turis istoria~, t. II, gamomc. mecn. Tbilisi.

5. nozaZe v. `vefxistyaosnis sazogadoebaT met yveleba~ santiago de Cile, 1958.

6. samxaraZe g. `xalxuri xotba rusTavelisa~ quTaisis sax. ped. inst.­is Sromebi; quTaisi 1966. t. 29, gv. 129­146.

7. sixaruliZe 1966 _ q. sixaruliZe, `vefxistyaosani~ da qarTuli xalxuri sagmiro poezia~ w. 2. Tbilisi, gv. 5­42 /dabeWdilia saiubileo krebulSic, romelic mieZ­Rvna rusTavelis dabadebis 800 wlisTavs; gv. 174­195.

8. sixaruliZe 1970 _ q. sixaruliZe, `qarTuli xal xu­ri sagmiro poeziis sakiTxebi~ w. 1. gamomc. ganaTleba, Tbilisi.

9. Ciqovani 1937 _ m. Ciqovani, `xalxuri vefxistyaosani: gamokvleva, teqstebi, leqsikoni~ Tsu­s gamomc. Tbilisi

10. WinWarauli 1982­ al. WinWarauli, `vefxistyaosnis enisa da teqstis sakiTxebi~, gamomc. ganaTleba, Tbilisi

11. xinTibiZe 2009 _ el. xinTibiZe, `vefxistyaosnis ideur­msoflmxedvelobiTi samyaro~, Tbilisi.

damowmebuli literaturidan zogierTi miTiTebulia naSromSi.