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mTavarepiskoposi

anania jafariZe

qarTuli saeklesio

(saliteraturo) enis Camoya-

libebis sakiTxisaTvis

(ioane lazi)

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mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe

qarTuli saeklesio

(saliteraturo) enis

Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis

(ioane lazi)

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia

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qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enisCamoyalibebis sakiTxi

XIX_XX saukuneebamde rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT

IV saukuneSi, qarTvelTa gaqristianebis TanavesaqarTveloSi daiwyo `wmida werilis~ qarTuliTargmanebis momzadeba, romelSic monawileobdasaqarTvelos yoveli kuTxidan Semokrebili mecnierebi.am Rvawlma ukve V s. dasawyisSi gamoiRo Tavisi Sedegi- Sedgenili iqna wmida saxarebis pirveli qarTuliTargmani. es procesi uxv istoriul wyaroebzedayrdnobiT gadmocemulia mTavrepiskopos ananias wignSi`qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibe-bis sakiTxisaTvis (ioane lazi)~. wigni gankuTvniliastudentebisa da farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisaTvis.

Ó anania jafariZe, 2002

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saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris afxazeTsa, svaneTsa dasamegreloSi saeklesio da saliteraturo saWiroebisaTvismxolod Zveli qarTuli ena gamoiyeneboda. arc erTiadgilobrivi enakavi Tu dialeqti saRvTismetyvelo mizniTgamoyenebuli ar yofila. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio ena, romelic,amave dros, saerTo-saxalxo, saliteraturo enas warmoadgenda,xasiaTdeboda zogaderovnuli mTlianobiT, miuxedavad qveynisdaqsaqsva-dayofisa, ar amJRavneda tomobriv-geografiulmikerZoebas, arc enobriv-stilisturad, arc ideur-politikuriTvalsazrisiT. amitomac ar arsebobda aRmosavlur qarTuli,samxreTqarTuli da dasavlurqarTuli literaturulimimarTulebani, mTeli qarTuli sasuliero Tu saeroliteratura (mwerloba) arsebiTad iyo erTianqarTuli,saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSic ar unda Seqmniliyo esa Tu isnawarmoebi da romeli qarTuli tomis warmomadgenelic arunda yofiliyo misi avtori. `es movlena literaturisistoriaSi sayovelTao xasiaTisa ar aris, vinaidan msofliosbevri mowinave literaturis istoria tomobriv-kuTxurimimarTulebiT viTardeboda da es mimarTulebani Rrma kvalstovebdnen saerTo-erovnuli literaturis ganviTarebaze~(m.rexviaSvili, imereTis samefo, 1989, gv. 472).

ismis kiTxva, ratom ar warmoiqmna Zvel saqarTveloSiliteraturis kuTxur-tomobrivi mimarTulebani maSin, rocaiSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, Cveni qveyana warmoadgenda araerTian saxelmwifos, aramed Sidafeodaluri omebiT moculerTmaneTisagan damoukidebel politikur-administraciulwarmonaqmnebs, ufro metad ganawilebulT ucxo saxelmwifoTaSoris (igulisxmeba VI-XVIII saukuneebi)?

es kiTxva Zalze mniSvnelovania, rogorc iTqva, msofliosmaRalganviTarebulma mravalma erma Tavi ver aarida kuTxuriliteraturis Seqmnas, unda gairkves Tu ra iyo mizezi imisa,rom saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi Seqmnili qarTulimwerlobis Zegli saerTo qarTuli iyo enobrivi TvalsazrisiT.

swored am sakiTxis rkvevas qristianuli arqeologiismonacemebze dayrdnobiT Seexeba Ceni Tema. winaswar ki undaganvacxadoT, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli saeklesio(saliteraturo) enis zogaderovnuloba, erTaderToba dayovlismomcveloba gamowveuli iyo qarTveli eris enobrivimTlianobiT gvian Sua saukuneebamde (XVI-XVII ss-mde).saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis daSlamde, e.i. XV-

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XVI ss-mde, marTalia arsebobdnen kuTxuri dialeqtebi, magramisini Zalze axlos idgnen erTmaneTTan, riTac, saboloojamSi, qmnidnen enobriv mTlianobas. XVI-XVIII ss-Si kuTxurisaxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis – qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTissamefoebis, sxva samTavroebis warmoqmnis kvaldakval warmoqmnaSesabamisi dialeqtebi. qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli da sxvadialeqtebi arian ara uZvels dros warmoqnilni, aramed erTianisaqarTvelos daSlisa da kuTxuri samefo-samTavroebis Camoya-libebis Semdeg Camoyalibebulni, aseve unda vigulisxmoT,rom kuTxuri qarTveluri enebic SedarebiT axali warmonaqmniaigulisxmeba, rom saerTo - qarTuli fuZe enis daSla dialeqturdoneze da misgan zanuris gamoyofa moxda ara uZvels drosqristeSobamde aTaswleulebiT adre, aramed axaliwelTaRricxvis mijnaze, maSin roca safuZveli eyreboda erTianiqarTuli saRvTissamsaxuro enis Seqmnas. amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebdajer kidev ivane javaxiSvili. igi werda: ̀ qarTul ers Tavisimravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi samwerlobo ena hqondada aqvs, romelic megrelebisa da svanebisaTvisac erTaderTisamwerlobo da kulturis ena iyo da aris exlac, romlisSeqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da svanebsac TavianTi wvliliaqvT Setanili~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 1,1979, gv. 154).

maSasadame, iv. javaxiSvilis mtkicebiT, qarTulisaliteraturo enis Seqmna SemuSavebaSi megrelebsa da svanebsTavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili, romeli xana igulisxmeba?cxadia IV-V saukuneebi, rodesac mimdinareobda qarTulisaliteraturo enis Camoyalibeba, wmida werilis Targmna-gadmoReba qarTul enaze (saqme isaa, rom VI-VII saukuneebisSemdeg bizantiuri agresiis Sedegad dasavleT saqarTveloSisaRvTismsaxuro saWiroebisaTvis dainerga berZnulenovani wirva-locva da dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiebidan ganidevnaqarTuli ena TiTqmis IX-X ss-mde. amitomac dasavlelqarTvelebs qarTuli samwerlobo da kulturis enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi TavianTi wvlili unda SeetanaT iqamde. e.i. VI-VII saukuneebamde. ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc aRiniSnagulisxmobda IV-V saukuneebs - qarTuli saeklesio-saliteraturo enis Seqmna-SemuSavebis xanas).

SeeZlo Tu ara megrelebsa da svanebs IV-V saukuneebSiqarTuli samwerlobo (saeklesio) enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi

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monawileobis miReba? am kiTxvasac pasuxi gasca ivanejavaxiSvilma, man Tavisi kvlevis Sedegad daamtkica, rom jer-kidev warmarTobis dros, anu IV saukunemde gacilebiT adre,yvela qarTuli tomis mier, maT Soris samegrelosa da svaneTSiwarmarTuli kerpTmsaxureba, anu warmarTuli locva-ritualiqarTul enaze aResrulrboda. ivane javaxiSvili werda: ̀ aramcTusazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTuli tomisaTvis, maT SorismegrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramedrom am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enacqarTuli hqonia~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. 1, 1979, gv. 156).

qristianuli sarwmunoebis qadagebamde yvela qarTul tomshqonda saerTo sarwmunoeba (warmarTuli), saerTo qarTulieniTa da saerTo terminologiiT, amitomac unda vifiqroT,rom qristianobis pirvelmqadageblebi saqarTveloSiisargeblebdnen ukve arsebuli saerTo qarTuli sakulto eniTmas gamoiyenebdnen kidec.

saeklesio liturgikuli enis safuZvlebis Ziebis drosCven usaTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT qristianobis qadagebispirvelsaukuneTa saSualebani, radganac arqeologiurimonapovrebi miuTiTebs, rom saqarTveloSi qristianebis raRacraodenoba ukve II-III saukuneebSi cxovrobda. amis SesaxebwerilobiTi wyaroebic miuTiTebs.

II-III saukuneTa qristianuli samarxebi aRmoCenilia rogocaRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi erwo-TianeTidansaCxeremde (T.bibiluri, Tixis filasamagrebi, gv. 57, T.bibiluri, qristianobis gavrceleba, gv. 2). imaves adasturebsioane sabanis Ze, roca VIII saukuneSi qarTvelebs 500 wlovanqristianebad miiCnevda. eklesiis istorikosTa cnobebssaqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier qristianuli Temebis daarsebisada II-III saukuneebSi maTi yofis Sesaxeb wyaroebic miuTiTebs.magaliTad, II saukunis dasawyisSi cxovrobdnen Cveni eklesiiswmidanebi ̀ suqia da 16 qarTveli mowame~. TamaraSvilis cnobiT,I s-Si imperator maqsimilianes emsaxurebodnen qristianiqarTveli meomrebi, romelnic kolxidaSi gaaZeves. irineosiscnobiT, kolxidaSi episkoposma palmosma da misma megobrebma70 eklesia aaSenes. arqeologTa mier aRmoCenilia wmidaninomdeli eklesiebi sof. nastakissa da sxvagan. qarTliscxovrebis Tanaxmad, III s. qarTlis mefe rev marTalmasaxelmwifoSi qristianuli saxis reforma gaatara

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(mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulieklesiis istoria, axalcixe, 1988, gv. 447) da sxva. samTavrossamaravanze III s. dasawyisis mdidruli axalgazrda qalissamarxi #25 miuTiTebs qristianoba im droisaTvis gavrcelebuliiyo ara mxolod dabal fenebSi, aramed maRal fenebSic daimdenad iyo ganmtkicebuli, rom TviT saxelmwifos dedaqalaqSiuSiSrad dakrZales qriatiani mdidari qalbatoni mTeliRirsebis dacviT. es aris umniSvnelovanesi movlena qristianTadevnis fonze mTeli romis imperiaSi.

romis imperiasa da sxvagan arsebul qristianuli Temebiscxovrebas Seexeba uZvelesi Zegli ̀ swavla Tormeti mociqulisa~anu didaqe. igi asaxavs II-III saukuneTa yofas, Tumca TviTon amZegls IV s. dasawyisiT aTariReben. es Zegli Cven gamogvadgebaII-III saukuneTa saqarTveloSi qristianuli Temebis saeklesioenis sakiTxebis rkvevisas. `didaqes~ analizi aCvenebs, romqristianul TemSi JamiT-Jamad ucxo mxridan modiodnen xolmemosiarule mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da moZRvrebi. maTTemSi sam dReze meti xniT darCenis ufleba ar hqondaT.mociqulebi qristianuli Temis wevrebs ase arigebdnenmomsvlelTa Sesaxeb ̀ vinc TqvenTan mova da gaswavliT... miiReTigi... Tu moZRvari TviTon miiqceva sxva swavlebisken... arisminoT misi~ (didaqe, XI, 1,2). moZRvris movaleoba iyoxalxisaTvis eswavlebina zepiri sityviT - ̀ simarTle da codnaufalze~ mrevlis movaleoba iyo moesmina moZRvris sityva.aqedan Cans, rom pirvelqristianTa Soris mosuli moZRvrebizepiri sityvis meSveobiT da ara werilobiTi saxiT qristianebsgadascemdnen saqristiano codnas. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmiswinaswarmetyvelTa Sesaxeb, romelTac evalebodaT xmamaRaliqadagebda cocxali sityviT. winaswarmetyvelebi ̀ metyveleben~,kerZod esaa, ̀ sulis mier metyveleba~ (didaqe, XI, 8), amis gardaigi ̀ aswavlis WeSmaritebas~, anda ̀ aswavlis imas, rasac Tavadiqms~ (didaqe, XI, 11).

romeli eniT unda eqadagaT saqarTveloSi qristianwinaswarmetyevelbs, moZRvrebsa da mosiarule mociqulebs?

qristianobis upirvelesi wesis Tanaxmad, yovel xalxSiadgilobrivi eniT unda eqadagaT mociqulebs. es iyo aramociqulTa piradi survili, aramed saRmrTo neba suliwmidismier gacxadebuli. cxadia, II-III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebqristianTa Soris `mosiarule mociqulebs, moZRvrebsa dawinaswarmetyvelebs~ unda eqadagaT xalxis eniT. amasTanave

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unda iTqvas, rom SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos kuTxidan kuTxeSi,xevidan xevSi mosiarule mqadageblebs or-sam dReSiSeeTvisebinaT Temis, kuTxis Tu xevis dialeqti (ena), amitomaccxadia mqadagebelTa winaSe saqarTveloSi Tavidanve undadasmuliyo sakiTxi imisa, Tu rogor moegvarebinaT enobriviproblema ise, rom maTi naTqvami da naloci sityva xalxisaTvisgasagebi yofiliyo, amitomac maT unda gamoekvliaT hqonda Tuara am xalxs saerTo koine ena anda saerTo wmida -saRvTismsaxuro ena, romelic yvelas esmoda. aseve moiqcnenisini berZenTa Sorisac, maT berZnul dialeqtTa Sorisupiratesoba mianiWes saerTo koine enas, gasagebs yvela dialeqtismqone berZenisaTvis da am enaze ara mxolod gadasces sityva,aramed Caweres kidec wmida saxareba.

arsebobda Tu ara qarTuli saerTo wmida ena, anu ena,romliTac warmarTul kultmsaxurebas aRasrulebdnenqarTvelebi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, aseTi ena arsebobda dasamegrelosa da svaneTSic ki warmarTuli sakulto ceremonialiZvel qarTul (anu saerTo) enaze aResruleboda wmida ninosSemosvlamde didi xniT adre. swored es saerTo saRvTismetyveloqarTuli ena unda aeRoT gamosayeneblad II-III saukuneTamosiarule mociqulebs, winaswarmetyvelebsa da moZRvrebssaqarTveloSi.

enaTmecnierTa mier gamorkveulia, rom zogierTi qarTulisityvis lingvisturi analizis Tanaxmad qristianuli swavlebaCvenSi vrceldeboda zepiri gziT. `uZvelesi berZnulinasesxobebi qarTulSi istoriulad uSores periodTanaadakavSirebuli... sityvebi: - eklesia, kereoni, monazoni, guterida sxva qristianuli eklesiis upirveles wmindanTa daangelozTa saxelebTan erTad is sityvebia, romlebic umetesSemTxvevaSi zepiri gziTaa gavrcelebuli CvenSi, da, romelTacSemdeg qristianuli literaturis TargmanebSic ucvleladSeinarCunes zepiri gavrcelebis zogierTi niSani, pirvel rigSi,es iTqmis im sakuTar saxelTa mimarT, romlebic berZnuliwodebiTi brunvis formiTaa gadmocemuli qarTulSi: iesu qriste,pavle, damiane, da sxva mravali~ (neli maxaraZe, bizantiuriberZnulis warmoTqmis sakiTxebi, 1978, gv. 58).

`qristes saxeli `iesu~ mimarTvis formiT, vokativiTaaCvenSi Semosuli (es zepiri gziT gavrcelebul berZnulsaxelebSi gvaqvs), berZnuli sakuTari saxelebis gadmocemavokativis formiT imdenad xSiri iyo qarTulSi, rom sabolood

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gagebuli iqna, rogorc berZnul saxelTa gadmocemis saerTowesi~ (n.maxaraZe, bizantiuri berZnulis fonetikis sakiTxebi,I, gv. 22).

`didaqes~ epoqaSi unda warmoCeniliyo CvenSi axaliqarTuli sakulto sityvebi - `mRvdeli~, `zedaSe~, `marani~.rogorc garkveulia sityva ̀ mRdeli~ miRebulia sityvidan -RaRadi, xadili, m-eli mawarmoeblis darTviT (fuZe ̀ Rd~) m-Rd-eli. pirvelqristianTaTvis upirvelesi saxe mRaRadeblobisa(mqadageblobisa) iyo winaswarmetyveli da naTlismcemeli ioane(`xma mRaRadeblisa udabnosa Sina~), am winaswarmetyvelismagaliTis gamavrceleblebi unda yofiliyvnen didaqeSinaxsenebi ̀ winawarmetyvelebi~, romelTac 2-3 dRiT SeeZloTwveodnen pirvelqristianebs da eqadagnaT (eRaRadaT) maT Sorisda albaT moenaTlaT kidec isini. `xadil-RaRadidanaa~ aramarto mRdeli, aramed qadagic (aqedanaa qadagebac).pirvelqristianebi TavianTi erTadSekreba-locvebis bolos,romelic puris gatexviTa da Rvinis SesmiT mTavrdeboda,ambobdnen sityvas ̀ maranTa~ (I kor, 16, 22, didaqe, X, 6), aqedanunda iyos qarTuli `marani~ (Rvinis Sesmis anda Senaxvisadgili). pirvelqristianebs evalebodaT mierTmiaTmoZRvrisaTvis zeda, saukeTeso naRebi Rvinisa Tu zeTisa`pirvelTavi~ (didaqe, XIII, 6), aqedan unda iyos qarTuli ̀ zedaSe~(misi sapirispiroa - ̀ qvedaSe~, rac qvevris fskerze anda qvabisfskerze naleqs ewodeba). am sityvebis arsebobac adasturebsCvenSi qristianobis zepiri gziT gavrcelebas jer kidev wmidaninomde da qarTuli literaturis warmoSobamde.

IV s-mde qarTlSi qristianuli Temebis arsebobis SesaxebmiuTiTebda s.janaSia. misi azriT, qarTlSi (upiratesadqalaqebSi) unda arsebuliyo wvrili qristianuli TemuriurTierTobani, iseve, rogorc romis provinciebSi qristianobissaxelmwifo sarwmunoebad qcevamdis (s. janaSia, Sromebi, I, gv.213). p.ingoroyva, g.gozaliSvili da sxva mecnierebi am azrsiziareben. a.boxoCaZem es mosazreba daadastura arqeologiurimonacemebiT (F= <j[jxflpt- Htpeknfns- c= 8) (a.bogveraZe, ganviTareba,gv. 13-14).

samarxul ZeglebTan dakvirvebiT T.bibiluri wers, romarqeologiuri da naratiuli wyeroebi srul TanxmobaSi arian,radganac saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze (didi mcxeTa, erwo,axali Jinvali, aragvispiri, urbnisi, zRuderi, modnaxe) aRmoCnda

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II-III saukuneTa qristianuli samarxebi.filologiuri kvlevis Sedegad T.mgalobliSvilis

daskvniT, IV saukunemde qarTlSi gavrcelebuli iyo e.w. Zvelinakadi qristianobisa (gulisxmobs iudaur qristianobas),romelic wmida ninos dros da Semdeg Seicvala e.w. axalinakadiT anu ̀ elinisturi qristianobiT~ (klarjuli mravalTavi,T.mgalobliSvilis gamocema, 1991, gv. 171), misi azriT, ̀ qarTlSioficialurad qristianobis elinisturi nakadi iqna aRiarebuli.bunebrivia, droTa ganmavlobaSi qristinobis es axali nakadisruliad devnis ukve moZvelebul iudeur-qristianul tradicias,Tumca ̀ moqcevaisa~ da ̀ mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ mainc SeiniSneba amuZvelesi tradiciis naSTi (iqve, gv. 171).

T.mgalobliSvilis azriT maxlobel qveynebSic, magali-Tad, edesaSi (osroenaSi) iudevel-qristianTa mefem upiratesobamainc qristianobis axal, elinistur nakads mianiWa da missafuZvelze aRiara Tavis saxelmwifoSi qristianoba oficialurreligiad (iqve, gv. 173). edesis pirvel episkoposad miCneuliqna paluTi (serapion antioqielis mier TiTqosdaxeldasxmuli), Tumca es iyo mxolod berZnuli tradiciisaRiarebis faqti da ara istoriuli sinamdvile (iqve,. gv. 173).

qarTlSi, T.mgalobliSvilis azriT, II-III saukuneebSiarsebul iudeur-qristiani nakadi Seicvala mefe mirianis drosaxali, elinisturiT, mTeli misi SedegebiT.

Cvenamde moRweuli wmida ninos da petre iberis cxovrebidanCans, rom axali elinisturi nakadi Zveli iudaurisaganZiriTadad imiT gansxvavdeboda, rom monazvnuri suliskveTebisSemomtani da damnergavi iyo, kerZod axasiaTebda ̀ asketizmi danazareveloba~.

marTalia, saxarebis mcnebis (maTe 19, 21, I kor. 7, 32-35)Sesabamisad, zogierTi qristiani qalwulobis aRTqmas Isaukuneebidanve debda, magram mas III s-dan ufro masiuri saxemiuRia. qalwulebi da monazvnebi (marto myofeli, gandegilebi)ukve udabnoSi gadiodnen. antoni didi (251-354) pirveli SeudgaTavis garSemo meudabnoe gandegilTa Sekrebas. paxomi didma(282-346) organizaciuli saxe misca gandegilTa Tems, daarsapirveli qalTa monasteri, magram sirieli afraatis cnobiTgandegil qalwulTa (qalTa da kacTa) Zmuri kavSirebi iqamdecarsebobda. wmida nino ekuTvnoda msgavs Tems. kerZod, qalwulTakavSirs, romelic 52 wevri iyo, mas mematiane monasters uwodebs

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da wers `moixsenes maT ubiwo igi aRTqma da Rirsi qebisamartoebiT cxovreba, romelsa igi iyvnes ganswavlul...erTobiTYganzraxviTa dauteves qveyana da faruladormocdaTormetman sulman~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 82). wmidaninos mama - gandegili iyo ̀ da warvida wiaR iordanesa, kacTamaT Tana velurTa~ (q.c., I, gv. 77), qoneba glaxakebs dauriga.dedac ojaxs ganSorda da dadga ̀ msaxurad glaxakTa dedaTada uZlurTa~ (iqve, gv. 77). wmida ninoc bavSvobidanve sxvebsemsaxureboda `msaxurebda niaforsa~ (iqve, gv. 77). romSi man`ipova rifsime da dedamZuZe misi gaiane monastersa SinaqalwulTasa~. saqarTveloSi Semosvlis Semdeg qristianulmimarTulebas wmida ninom asketuri suliskveTeba mianiWa. eskargad Cans IV s. II naxevris qarTlis cxovrebis aRweridan.magaliTad, petre iberis papa, bakur didi da misi meuRleduxtia TavianTi mefobis dros monazvnur cxovrebas eweodnen.ramdenime Svilis gaCenis Semdeg erTmaneTSi dades aRTqmaxorcieli kavSiris uaryofisa (georgika, II, 1965, gv. 250).zedmiwevniT mlocveli da mmarxveli mefe bakuri Tavis xeliTaWmevda glaxakebs RaribTa TavSesafarSi. dedofalma gayidaoqros nivTebi da Raribebs dauriga. petres mamis (buzmariosis)Tanamedrove arsiliosi qalwulobis aRTqmis dacvas cdilobda(georgika, II, gv. 251). petres aRmzrdeli `ZuZo~ iseTi wmidaiyo, rom RamiT dgeboda da ucxouri wyaros Tanaxmad qarTuladloculobda da tiroda ise, rom netar petres cremlebiTasvelebda~. petres deda daqvrivebis Semdeg qalaqidan gavida,soflad cxovrobda asketurad, agebda ucxoTa TavSesafrebs,saavadmyofoebs, Caicva ̀ monazonis kaba~ (georgika, II, gv. 251).

v.goilaZis Tanaxmad petre iberi ganekuTvneboda qarTlissamefo dinastiis e.w. revianTa Stos, romelsac saTave daudomefe mirianis Ze revma, misi meore Zis baqaris STamomavlebma(baqarianebma) aseve Tavis xelSi aiRes samefo xelisufleba(v.goilaZe, farnavazTa saxlis qristian mefeTa qronologia,1990, gv. 159). imis Semdeg rac qarTli 369 wels orad gaiyvesiranma da bizantiam erTmaneTs Soris, revianebi marTavdnenmtkvris marjvena sanapiroze arsebul qarTul qveynebs, maTSoris TavianT xeldebulad miiCnevdnen klarjeTsa da egriss,xolo baqarianebi mtkvris marcxena mxris qveynebs. baqarianebissataxto iyo mcxeTa, xolo revianebisa armazi. armazTan erTadrevianTa samefos centri unda yofiliyo bolnisic, sadacrevianma mefeebma aaSenes erT-erTi udidesi taZari Tavisi

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droisaTvis. maSasadame, petres papa bakuri didi, mama buzmariosi,deda bakurduxti da sxvani cxovrobdnen bolnisSi andabolnisTan, im miwaze romelsac amJamad qvemo qarTli ewodeba,sadac iyo maTi samefos centri.

qarTuli saeklesio liturgikuli enis CamoyalibebisTvalsazrisiT, es momenti imiT aris saintereso, rom armazijer kidev warmarTobis dros warmoadgenda rogorc fiqrobenqarTuli warmarTuli saistorio literaturis Seqmnis keras,xolo bolnisSi IV s. bolos aigo taZari V-is dasawyisispirveli qarTuli warwerebiT. v.goilaZis mtkicebiT, ̀ ZveliqarTuli wyaroebis monacemebidan gamomdinare bolnisis sionisSekazmva, aRdgena qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis elias (383-397ww) Trdat revis Zis (383-395), farsmanis (395-397) da bakuris(396-416) zeobaSi xdeba~ (iqve, gv. 126). am droindelia misiwarwerebic, maSasadame pirvelni aqamde cnobilTa Soris.

es taZari, aqamde miiCneoda, rom agebuli iyo V s. bolos,magram aris sxva mosazrebanic, rogorc aRiniSna. `uaxloessamecniero literaturaSi ̀ friad sarwmuno bakuri~ (rogorcmas uwodeben gelasi kesari eli da rufinusi) ,identificirebulia qarTlis moqcevis qronikebSi dasaxelebulbakur Trdatis ZesTan da marTebulad aris gaigivebulifilosofos bakurTan, romelic iberiis mefe iyo 403-416 wlebSiTu bolnisis sioni marTlac TxuTmeti weli Sendeboda,samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli varaudiT bakurs 14wlis ganmavlobaSi SeeZlo eSenebina es eklesia, xolo farsmansmisi orwliani zeobis dros SeeZlo daesrulebina es taZari.amgvarad `friad sarwmuno bakuri~ ara mxolod bolnisiseklesiis maSeneblad SegveZlo migveCnia, aramed pirveliqristianuli erovnuli ikonografiis programis mesaZirkvledac~(g.abramiSvili, `friad sarwmuno bakuri~ qristianuliarqeologiis mesame samecniero konferencia, 1999, gv. 10).

rogorc aRiniSna, wmida ninos Semosvlis Semdeg CanssaqarTveloSi gaimarjva qristianobis axalma elinisturmanakadma, romelic ara mxolod monazvnuri suliskveTebiTgamoirCeoda, aramed RvTismsaxurebis sagangebo wesebisSemoRebiTac. axla ukve RvTismsaxurebisas wignebis gamoyenebaaucilebeli iyo. unda vifiqroT, rom TavdapirveladberZnulenovani saRmrTo wignebi gamoiyeneboda, magram, rogorcaRiniSna, am droisaTvis, qarTulad TiTqmis ukve Camoyalibebuliiyo Sesabamisi saeklesio zepiri terminologia, amitomac

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berZnuli teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg sagangebo mTargmneli masqarTul enaze Targmnida. aseve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom qarTulenaze locvebi im droisaTvis ukve arsebobda, amis Semdeggvaqvs wyaros pirdapiri miTiTeba. petre iberis gamzrdeli`ZuZo~ (Seadare - ̀ dedamZuZe~, ̀ ZiZa~) ioane rufusis sityviT,qarTulad loculobda Semdegi sityvebiT: ̀ ufalo ieso, RmerToCemo, Cemi sicocxlis Semqmnelo, Semibrale me~ (georgika, II, gv.251) V s. 10-in wlebSi.

rogorc iTqva, revianTa qarTlis samefo, romelic miiCneodaarmazis Zveli kulturul-istoriuli tradiciis memkvidred,teritoriuli siaxlovis gamo xSirad somxeTis gavlenissferoSi eqceoda. iranisa da romis 377 wlis SeTanxmebiTsomxeTis did nawilSi damyarda iranelTa xelisufleba, xolo387 wels moxda somxeTis gayofa am or imperias Soris. am drosrevianTa samefo anu qvemo qarTli iranis gavlenis sferoSimoeqca. somxeTSi irani krZalavda RvTismsaxurebis drosberZnulenovani wignebis gamoyenebas. movses xorenacis cnobiT,iranelTa xelisufali ̀ ra wignebsac ki waawydeboda, wvavda.brZana rom eswavlaT sparsuli da ara berZnuli wera-kiTxva,aravis hqonda ufleba elaparaka berZnulad, anda eTargmna amenidan~ (m.xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984, gv. 206).

am mizezis gamo, somxeTSi RvTismsaxurebi gamouvalmdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen , radganac tradiciuladRvTismsaxurebis dros wignis mkiTxvelebi jer berZnul enazekiTxulobdnen wignebidan teqstebs, iqve myofi mTargmnelebiki Targmnidnen somxur enaze, romelsac ismenda xalxi (iqve,gv. 216). IV s. bolosaTvis iranis xelisuflebis mier somxeTSimoispo berZnuli wignebi, wignebis uqonlobis gamo somxurieklesiis meTauri sahak didi iyenebda asurul wignebs. xoreneliganmartavs ̀ saqme isaa, rom mehruJanma dawva berZnuli wignebimTels Cvens qveyanaSi. amasTanave, somxeTis danawilebisas sparsTawil somxeTSi sparseli moxeleebi aravis rTavdnen berZnulimwignobrobis SeTvisebis nebas~, xelisuflebam moiTxova, romsaRvTismsaxuro saWiroebisaTvis somxebs TviTonve SeeqmnaTsomxuri anbani, anda berZnulis nacvlad gamoeyenebinaT asurulimwignobroba. aseTi iZulebis gamo somxebma daiwyes fiqri damzrunveloba somxuri anbanis Sesaqmnelad, romliTac daweriliwignebi daiWerda berZnulis adgils.

iranelebi TavianT xeldebul revianTa qarTlis samefoSicmsgavsadve unda moqceuliyvnen. xorenacis sityviT somxuri

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anbanis Seqmnis sakiTxebze zrunavda ̀ sahak didTan Sekrebiliyvela episkoposi~ (iqve, gv. 222), aseve qarTuli anbanisrestavracias Tu Seqmna-SemuSavebas xorenacis sityviT xelsuwyobda ̀ qarTlis mefe bakuri da mose episkoposi~ (iqve, gv.224). agreTve vinme jala, da mefis karze qarTuli provinciebidan(xorZenedan da taronidan) Camosuli sasuliero pirebi.

rogorc cnobilia, mesrop maStocma mTeli maxlobeliaRmosavleTis qveynebi moiara somxuri anbanis Ziebis Jams,aseve iqceodnen sxva maZieblebic. unda vifiqroT, romsaqarTveloSic msgavs moments hqonda adgili. qarTvelebs ansakuTari anbani unda SeeqmnaT anda gamoeyenebinaT saeklesiosaWiroebisaTvis sxva ukve arsebuli mwignobroba, berZnulissanacvlod, romelic akZaluli iyo. aseT dros safiqrebelia,qarTvelebs moeZebnaT is anbani, romelsac maTi winaprebi iqamdeciyenebdnen, kerZod, armazSi da sxva qalaqebSi iyenebdnen e.w.`armazul damwerlobas~. qristeSobis Semdeg saukuneebSi`armazuli anbaniT~ Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani warweraaris aRmoCenili arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad. Tavis mxriv,rogorc cnobilia, armazuli damwerloba aris arameulidamwerlobis Taviseburi saxeoba. mesrop maStocis epoqaSierovnuli anbanis qristianuli saWirobisaTvis ZiebisasqarTvelebi upirvelesad ifiqrebdnen armazuli anbanisgamoyenebis Sesaxeb. am axali saWirobisaTvis maT cxadia undamoeZebnaT armazuli damwerlobis pirvelsaxe, anu is anbani,romelic armazuli anbanis Tavdapirvel, amosaval saxedmiiCneoda.

dadgenilia, rom rogorc iTqva, armazuli anbani arameulidamwerlobidanaa warmomdgari. IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSiqarTvelTa mizani iqneboda moeZebnaT arameuli damwerlobis`swori~, maTi azriT, `Tavdapirveli~ saxeoba. aseTi undayofiliyo Zveli semituri weris arameuli ganStoebis e.w.`qilamuvas~ da ̀ mar-rebuqis~ saxeobebi (maTgan iqna miRebuliSemdgom `armazuli~ damwerlobac) (T. gamyreliZe, werisanbanuri sistema da Zveli qarTuli damwerloba, 1989, gv. 38).saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas esaa saSualo finikiuri damwerloba,romlidanac iqna miRebuli rogorc berZnuli, ise qanaanuridamwerlobani. qarTul asomTavrulsac, r.patariZe da sxvaqarTveli mkvlevarebi miiCneven maTgan miRebulad. ase, rom`armazul damwerlobasa~ da asomTavrul anbans erTi wyarogaaCniaT: semitur-finikiur-arameuli. rogorc aRiniSna, berZnuli

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wignis, anbanisa da enis gamoyeneba gansaxilvel periodSiakrZaluli iyo iranis xelisufalTa mier, amitomac qarTvelebs,berZnulis nacvlad unda gamoeZebnaT sxva anbani saRvTismsaxurosaWiroebisaTvis, aseTad ki unda mieCniaT erovnuli imJamad ukvearsebuli `armazuli damwerlobis~ Tavdapirveli saxeoba,romelic, rogorc Cans, qarTvelTaTvis qristeSobamde mravaliaswleuliT adre iyo cnobili. qarTuli anbanis paleografiulianalizis safuZvelze iv.javaxiSvilma qarTuli anbanis SeqmnaZv. w. VII s-Si ivarauda (iv.javaxiSvioli, qarTuli paleografioa,1949, gv. 236).

p.ingoroyva fiqrobda, rom qarTuli anbani undaCamoyalibebuliyo Zv. w. IX-VIII ss-Si, roca qarTveli xalxiserTi nawili, Tobalebi da mesxebi, mcire aziis teritoriazemkvidrdeboda (p. ingoroyva, Txz. t. IV, 1978, gv. 248). r.patariZisazriT, qarTuli anbani Zv. w. V s-Si Camoyalibda. SeiZlebavifiqroT, rom es iyo ara asomTavruli anbani, aramedzemoaRniSnuli semitur-finikiuri anbani. aseTi daSvebaT.gamyreliZes SesaZleblad miaCnia, oRond qarTuli anbanise.w. `danarTi~ nawilis mimarT (igulisxmeba sakuTrivqarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel bgeraTa aso niSnebi) (T.gamyreliZe,dasax. naSr., gv. 177). man am mxriv yuradReba miaqcia qarTulasomTavrulis ̀ wil~ asoniSans, romlis prototipad semituri(arameuli) Sesabamisi aso, kerZod armazuli arameulis erT-erTi asoniSnis forma miiCnia, misi mosazrebiT, es formaarsebiTad emTxveva ̀ wil~ asos moxazulobas qarTul nusxa-xucur damwerlobaSi (iqve, gv. 178). aseve aRsaniSnavia is, romqarTuli asomTavrulis pirveli niSani `an~-is grafikuliprototipi SesaZlebelia iyos semitur-finikuri `alefi~(mTlianad msgavsi arqauli berZnulis alfa niSnisa), romelsacqarTulSi miuweres damatebiTi horizontaluri xazi, romelicZiriTad grafikul elements - naxevarwrexazs, zemodan erTvis,qarTuli ban-is arqauli grafikuli saxeoba TiTqmis mTlianadmsgavsia Sesabamisi semituris ̀ bet~ niSnisa da ufro naklebhgavs arqauli berZnulis ̀ betas~. aseva ̀ gani~, ̀ doni~ da sxvaaso niSnebi rac kargad aRwera r.patariZem.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cven unda vigulisxmoT,rom IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi mefeebisbakurisa da farsmanis dros moxda berZnuli anbanis mixedviTZveli qarTuli (semitur-finikiuridan warmomavali)

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damwerlobis reforma. aseTi mosazrebis gamoTqmis uflebasiZleva is, rom am dromde saqarTveloSi namdvilad arsebobdada gamoiyeneboda adgilobrivi e.w. `armazuli damwerloba~,romlis Sesaxebac cxadia codna unda hqonoda `armazuliqarTlis~ anu ̀ revianaTa qarTlis~ samefo dinastiis mesveurebs,romelnic amave dros cnobili da saxelganTqmuli pirebiiyvnen mTel berZnul samyaroSi, viTarca berZnuli enisa dafilosofiis saukeTeso mcodneni.

qarTuli saeklesio-liturgikuli enis CamoyalibebisTvalsazrisiT sainteresoa isic, rom `revianTa qarTlis~Tavdapirvel dedaqalaqSi - armazSi specialistebis daskvniTiqmneboda warmarTuli xanis qarTuli saistorio Zeglebi,kerZod `moqcevai qarTlisaSi~ (uZveles saistorio ZeglSi)e.w. antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia `ucilobladavTenturobis beWeds atarebs~. am wyaros ̀ istoriuli teqsti,romelic exeba antikur xanas... momdinareobs warmarTuli xanisZeglebidan~ (p.ingoroyva, Tx. t. IV, gv. 254, 255). p.ingoroyvaseTanxmeba g.meliqiSvili, iv. loliSvili da sxvani. warmarTulimwerlobis mTeli rigi fragmentebi da nawyvetebi SemonaxuliaqarTuli saistorio TxulebebSi. r.baramiZis azriT, ̀ qarTliscxovrebaSi~ gvxvdeba warmarTuli xanis saukuneebSi SeqmnilimTliani nawarmoebebi dasrulebuli saxiT. v.goilaZis azriT,qarTuli warmarTuli mwerlobis arseboba ueWvelia, misi azriTqarTlis warmarTi mematianeebi momxdar ambebs iwerdnen qarTulenaze. s.kakabaZis azriT, es xdeboda arameuli enis saSualebiT,e.i. iqmneboda qarTlis istoriis arameuli wyaroebi. es wyarohqonda xelT IV s-Si grigol diakons, romelic moqcevaiqarTlisais berZnuli teqsti Seadgina. T.gamyreliZis azriTmematianis cnoba farnavaz mefis mier qarTuli mwignobrobisSeqmnis Sesaxeb SeiZleba niSnavdes am dros qarTuliswerilobiTi xmarebis SemoRebas `heterografiis~ saxiT, e.i.romelime gavrcelebul ucxour enaze, magaliTad arameuladSedgenili teqstis wakiTxviT adgilobrivi enis safuZvelze(T.gamyreliZe, weris anbanuri sistema da Zveli qarTulidamwerloba~, gv. 198). aseTi xerxic ki, gulisxmobs qarTulisaliteraturo (Tumca ki zepiri) enis Camoyalibebas warmarTulxanaSi, e.i. IV s-mde gacilebiT adre, rac cxadia safuZvladunda dadeboda SemdgomSi qarTuli saeklesio liturgikulienisa da saerTod qristianuli literaturis Camoyalibebas.

rogorc miRebulia, mesrop maStocim somxuri anbani Seqmna

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daaxloebiT 405-406 wlebSi. TiTqmis amave wlebSi somxurwyaroTa cnobiT Seiqmna qarTuli anbanic. rogorc imJamindelisaerTaSoriso mdgomareobis analizi aCvenebs, qarTuli uZvelesisemitur-finikiuri warmomavlobis damwerlobis reformaberZnuli anbanis gavleniT am epoqaSi unda momxdariyo mefebakuris dros (rogorc amas somxuri wyaroebic miuTiTebs)kerZod V s. avtori koriuni (Rjh.y- :bnbt Vfinjwf- Thtdfy- 1962-c= 100_101) da xorenaci (m.xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984, gv.231).

amave wlebis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs petre iberis cxovrebac.misi biografis zaqarias cnobiT, romelic qarTlidanve gahyoliaucxoeTSi monazvnad wasul petres, patara murvaniosisaqarTveloSive sami wlis asakidan ̀ misces samwignobred dadaiswava man yovelive swavlai da gulisxmis yofiT aRmoikiTxvnwmidaTa werilTa da iwurTin marad dRe da Rame~ (ZveliqarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, 1967, gv. 217).murvaniosi dabadebula daaxloebiT 411 wels, misi sami wlisasakSi e.i. 414-415 wlisaTvis qarTulad ukve arsebobda wmidawerilis Targmanebi, amas miuTiTebs is, rom misi biografebi,romelnic kargad icnobdnen misi siymawvilis garemos, weren:petre iberma berZnuli da asuruli enebi Seiswavla ucxoeTSi,da es enebi man qarTlSi ar icoda, kerZod, petrem 12 wlisasakSi konstantinopolSi ̀ daiswavla enai berZnuli da swavlai~(Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, gv.224), xolo ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg iq ̀ iswava enai daswavlai asurebrivi~ (iqve, gv. 224). e.i. asuruli ena. maSasadame,patara petres qarTlSi 3 wlis asakidan aswavlidnen qarTulmwignobrobas, kerZod ki wmida werils. swored mas swavlobdapatara petre ̀ dRe da Ram~ 9 wlis manZilze (3 wlis asakidan12 wlamde) 414-420 wlamde. amitomac araa gasakviri, rompalestinaSi beTlemis maxloblad petre iberis mier aSenebulmonastrebSi (ivaraudeba 433 wlis axlo xanebSi) aRmoCndaasomTavruli warwerebi, sadac ixseniebian petre da misiwinaprebi, maT Soris mefe bakuri (petres papa dedis mxriv).mkvlevarebis daskvniT im mcire enobrivi masalis mixedviTac,romelic warwerebSia warmodgenili, aSkarad Cans, rom ukve amdros (V s. pirvel naxevarSi) saliteraturo qarTuli enamtkiced iyo Camoyalibebuli. amave xanas ganekuTvneba petreiberis papis Zmis mefe arCilis mier dasmuli qarTlisepiskoposis mobidanis Sesaxeb daculi cnoba, rom igi ̀ farulad

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werda wignebsa sacTurisasa, romel Semdgomad missa dawvayoveli werili misi WeSmaritman episkoposman miqael~, mobidani,rasakvirvelia werda qarTulad, vinaidan misi mizani iyogaevrcelebina macduri moZRvreba Tavis samwysoSi - qarTvelTaSoris. im cnobis Tanaxmad, V s. I mesamedSi qarTul enazeiwereboda `wignebi~. amave epoqas ganekuTvneba cnoba arCilmefis (422-432) Svilis mirdtis meuRlisaTvis wmida saxarebisTargmanis Sesaxeb (igi qarTveli ar iyo) - ̀ sagduxt dedofalmangamoikiTxa sjuli qristesi rameTu qmarman misman mohgvarakacni sjulisa mecnierni da uTargmnes saxareba uflisa Cvenisaieso qristesi~. cnobaSi xmarebuli gamoTqva `uTargmnes~,bunebrivia, ise unda gavigoT, rom Targmnes an qarTulad, anqarTulidan (ufro bunebrivia qarTulidan uTargmnes anuganumartes).

qarTlSi IV saukuneSi gamarjvebuli qristianobiselinisturi mimarTuleba gulisxmobda asketur monazvnurmoSurneobas SekavSirebuls mwignobrobasTan. kerZod, petreiberi Tavis mowafeebs ase moZRvravda - rogorc urwyavi baRigaxmeba da unayofo iqneba. ̀ egreTve goneba monazonisa unayofoiqnebis Tvinier wignis kiTxvisa da smenisa swavlaTa sulierTa~(Zveli qarTuli agiogr. lit. Zegl., II, 1967, gv. 255). undavigulisxmoT, rom IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi qarTlSisamefo karisa da eklesiis ierarqTa meTaurobiT gaCaRebuliiyo yovlismomcveli mTargmnelobiT muSaoba, romelsac erTodasakuTriv qristianuli damwerlobis Seqmna-Zieba. qristianulimwignobrobis dafuZnebis am epoqaSi moRvaweobdnen wmidawerilis pirveli mTargmnelebi. ZiriTadad petre iberis ojaxiskarze, pirvel mTargmnelebs TavianTi moRvaweobis sayrdenadunda hqonodaT adgilobrivi literaturuli memkvidreoba.kerZod, aRniSnul samefo dinastias, iqamde ukve gaaCda sakuTarisaistorio matiane - ̀ moqcevai qarTlisai~, romelic v.goilaZisTanaxmad aris revian mefeTa istoria, Sedgenili IV-V saukuneebSi.reviani mefeebi iyvnen memkvidreni im miwa-wylisa, romelic`sapitiaxSod~ iwodeboda, mis dedaqalaq armazSi, rogorcaRiniSna, p.ingoroyvas Tanaxmad ̀ JamiT-Jamad~ iwereboda qarTlisantikur mefeTa~ qronikebi. e.i. qvemo qarTlSi warmarTobisdros da qristianobis gamarjvebis pirvel saukuneSi iwerebodaqarTlis istoriis erT-erTi varianti. es iyo is literaturulimiRweva, romelic safuZvlad unda dadeboda V s. dasawyisSi (anIV s. bolos) qristianuli mwignobrobis Camoyalibebasa da

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wmida werilis Targmanis saqmes. es literaturuli safuZveliar iyo adgilobrivi mniSvnelobisa, aramed warmoadgendazogadqarTuls, radganac ganekuTvneboda im epoqas, roca fuZeqarTuli enis daSlis procesi axali dawyebuli iyo, amitomackuTxuri enebi da miTumetes dialeqtebi Zalze axlos idgnenerTmaneTTan da fuZe qarTul enasTan. rogorc aRiniSnaarmazuli literaturuli safuZvlebi iqmneboda antikur epoqaSi,amave xanaSi iwyeboda fuZe qarTuli enis dialeqtur donezedanawevreba, amitomac, rogorc aRiniSna, warmarTobis dros yvelaqarTul tomSi, maT Soris, samegrelosa da svaneTSisakerpTmsaxuro ena anu locva-rituali qarTul enazeaResruleboda, arsebobda `saerTo warmarToba~ maT SorismegrelTa da svanTaTvis saerTo qarTuli eniTa da saerToterminologiiT (iv.javaxiSvili, YTxz. I, gv. 156).

IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi revian mefeTa karzegaCaRebul qristianuli samwerlobo da kulturis enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileoba unda mieRoT dasavleT saqarTveloswarmomadgenlebsac, radgan iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT ̀ mis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvrili aqvTSetanili~, amis pirovnul gamoxatulebad Cven unda miviCnioTpatara petre iberis (murvanosis) aRmzrdelad dasavleTsaqarTvelodan ioane lazis mowveva. ioane lazi patara petres`dRe da Ram~ 3 wlis asakidan vidre 12 wlis asakamde zrdidada mwignobrobas aswavlida, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo qarTulenaze. unda vigulisxmoT, rom igi aqtiurad monawileobda imdid SemoqmedebiT muSaobaSi, romelic samefo karzemimdinareobda saeklesio-literaturuli enis Seqmna-CamoyalibebisaTvis IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi. rogorcCans, dasavleT saqarTveloSi am dros arsebobda raRac skolaam mimarTulebisa, romlis warmomadgenelis mowveva qarTveliufliswulis aRmzrdelad saWirod miuCneviaT. s.yauxCiSvilisTvalsazrisiT, ioane anu miTridate lazi iyo kolxeTiscnobili ritorikuli skolis warmomadgeneli, ramdenimeaTeuli wliT ufrosi petre iberze. miuxedavad amisa, igipetres aswavlida ara berZnul mwignobrobas, aramed qarTuls,radganac berZnuli `ena da swavla~ petrem SeiTvisakonstantinopolSi, qarTlidan wasvlis Semdeg, rogorc esaRiniSna. ioane lazi unda yofiliyo qarTuli saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro enisa da literaturis fuZemdebelTa, pirvelmTargmnelTa wris aqtiuri wevri, qarTuli Tavdapirveli

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mTargmnelobiTi skolis erT-erTi lideri. am gancxadebisuflebas iZleva is, rom swored ioane lazis mier agebulpalestinis monasterSi aRmoCnda qarTuli warwerebi, zogierTimkvlevaris azriT, uZvelesni ucxoeTSi dRemde cnobilwarweraTa Soris, maTSi naxsenebi arian antoni, abai, da iosia.es ukanasknelni pirvelqarTvel mTargmnelebad iyvnen miCneulniZvel saqarTveloSi. palestinis aRniSnuli warwerebisaRmoCenamde didi xniT adre pirvelqarTvel mTargmnelTavinaobas Seexo kalistrate cincaZe (XX s. dasawyisSi), igiwerda, rom `petre maiumelis mier agebul monasterSi undamieRoT TavSesafari pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs samSobliosgareT - stefanesa da daviTs... amave monasterSi unda ecxovraTda emoRvawaT sxva Zvel mTargmnelebs antonsa da sabas, romelTasaxelebis moixsenieba wm. giorgi mTawmidelis piradad mcnobisefrem kiriles Zis CanawerebSi~ (Gfktcnbycrbq c,jhybr- X, c=181-wignidan ̀ saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 176).

maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis cnobiliiyo pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa saxelebi, eseni iyvnen daviTi,stefane, antoni da saba. palestinis qarTul warwerebSiixseniebian: antoni, abai, da iosia. miiCneva rom aba antoni iyoabati anu winamZRvari, YTumca SesaZloa aq iyos ori kacissaxeli antoni da aba, mesame ki aris iosia. maT monastrisiatakis dagebisaTvis uzruniaT. Tumca ki Zveli cnobebiT,isini mTargmnelebi yofilan. qarTuli istoriografia petreibers akavSirebda pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelobiT skolasTan,am skolis wevri unda yofiliyo petres aRmzrdeli da moZRvariioane lazi. s.yauxCiSvili maT agebulad miiCnevs palestinisim qarTul monasters, sadac aRmoCnda zemoaRniSnuli warwerebimTargmnelTa saxelebiT.

sabolood unda davaskvnaT, rom ioane lazisa da petreiberis, saerTod dasavlel da aRmosavlel qarTvelTa aqtiuriurTierT TanamSromlobis Sedegad unda Camoyalibebuliyo issaocari Zveli qarTuli saeklesio-liturgikuli da amasTanavesaliteraturo ena, romelic moicavda sruliad saqarTveloSiarsebul dialeqtebs (maT Soris megrulsa da svanurs) daiqvemdebarebda maT. saqarTveloSi im droisaTvis, TiTqmis 1600wlis win arsebuli dialeqtebi Zalze axlos unda yofiliyvnenerTmaneTTan, rogorc es mravalgzis aRiniSna, da erTmaneTisaganufro naklebi siSore unda hqonodaT, vidre maT amJamad gaaCniaT.rogorc cnobilia, erT dros qarTebis, megrelebisa da svanebis

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enebi erT enobriv mTlianobas qmnidna da mxolod SemdgomaTaswleulTa manZilze daSordnen isini erTmaneTs. farnavazismier erTiani, dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcvelisaxelmwifos warmoSobis Semdeg da ax. w. II-III saukuneebSi,qristianobis qadagebaTa Jams, Cans mTel saqarTveloSi jerkidev esmodaT is erTiani ena, romelic safuZvlad dasdebiawarmarTul kultmsaxurebis enas, Semdgom ki qristianulRvTismsaxureba-qadagebas. imJamad jer kidev arsebuli enobrivierToba daedeboda safuZvlad IV s. bolosa da V s. dasayisSipirvel mTargmnelTa saqmianobas. am procesSi, rogorc ioanelazisa da petre iberiis urTierTTanamSromlobis magaliTimiuTiTebs, monawileobas iRebda mTeli qarTveli erisinteleqtualuri zedafena. swored ase unda gavigoT, Cvenivane javaxiSvili gamoTqma, rom qarTuli saliteraturo enisSeqmna-SemuSavebaSi TavianTi wvlili SeutaniaT megrelebsada svanebs, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelobas, mxolodamis Sedegi iyo is, rom ̀ megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis erTaderTisamwerlo da kulturis ena iyo da aris dResac Zveli qarTuliena~ (iv. javaxiSvili). amis Sedegi iyo isic, rom rogorcaRiniSna, saqarTveloSi arasodes Seqmnila raime Txzulebaanda ubralo warwerebic ki romelime kuTxur enasa dadialeqteze. Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena sinamdvileSiiyo saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis mkvidrTaTvis mSobliuri,umTavresi anu deda ena.

8.03.2000

† mTavarepiskoposi anania