!"#$%&'()*(+&,$%-."&/$(

+0  1$&2$3’'(4"5'(+0  1$&2$3("&2(,-'(6$"(63"&.()7'$%8"9)&'(

++0  4"5()*('$:%$:"9)&("&2(-&,$%-."&/$()*("('-&:3$(.%"-.(+++0  4"5()*(-&2$6$&2$&.("'')%.;$&.("&2(-&,$%-."&/$()*(

;<3963$(.%"-.'0(++0  ="%-"9)&'()&(1$&2$3’'(4"5'(

+0  >?@("&2(?A>(-&,$%-."&/$()*(;)'.(.%"-.'(2)(BAC(*)33)5(1$&2$3’'(4"5'(

+++0  C,$(D,%);)');"3(E"'-'()*(+&,$%-."&/$(+0  >,$%$("%$(:$&$'(3)/".$2("&2(5,".(2)$'(;$-)'-'(,"8$(.)(

2)(5-.,(-.F(+=0  G$H(D,%);)');$'("&2(G$HI4-&J$2(K$&$'(

+0  >,L(2)('$HI/,%);)');$I3-&J$2(2-')%2$%'("M$/.(;)'.3L(;"3$'F(

1$-)'-'(='0(1-.)'-'(

?);)3):)<'(/,%);)');$'(/"%%L(2-M$%$&.(8$%'-)&'()*(.,$('";$(:$&$'(

“D%)''-&:()8$%”(;"J$'(/,-;$%-/(/,%);)');$'(

>,L(NA(/,-32%$&(%$'$;73$(.,$-%(6"%$&.'F(

O"%3L(-2$"'(*)%(,)5(.%"-.'("%$(-&,$%-.$2(

•  PQ.,(/$&.<%L(“E3$&2-&:”(,L6).,$'-'(

N)$'(“E3$&2-&:”(,L6).,$'-'("663L(.)(7-)3):LF(

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

x

K%$:)%(1$&2$3R(;)&JR(:$&$9/-'.0(

K%$:)%(1$&2$3("&2(,-'(6$"(

63"&.'(

>,".(2-2(1$&2$3(AEGOS=OF(

T%);(.,$'$(AEGOS=UC+ABG(/";$(*)<%(?@!AC?OGOGV(

1. There are different forms of “GENES” that account for different inherited characteristics.

2. For each characteristic, an organism inherits 2 ALLELES, one from each parent.

3. If the two alleles are different, the one that determines appearance is the DOMINANT ALLELE, the other is the RECESSIVE ALLELE. 4. A sperm or an egg cell carries only one form of the allele because the pair of alleles gets split up during meiosis. This is the LAW OF SEGREGATION.

>,".(2)(.,$'$(?@!AC?OGOG(;$"&F(

>,$%$("%$(:$&$'(*)<&2F(

1<."9)&'("%$(.,$(<39;".$(')<%/$()*("33$3-/(8"%-"9)&("&2("M$/.(6%).$-&(*<&/9)&(

C$'.(@)<%(W&)53$2:$(

•  >-.,(L)<%(&$-:,7)%R(/);63$.$(.,$(*)33)5-&:(!<&&$.(GX<"%$Y(

!"#$%&'()*(+(,%#%&"-./"01(2"&(*34"*’1(5%67($63&839%(

:6#$%&'(**;(,"<"-./"01(2"&(

1#&63/$#($63&839%(

1<3963$(/,"%"/.$%-'9/'(-&(6$"('$$2'(

How did Mendel determine what offspring peas would look like (phenotype) when he crossed peas with MULTIPLE characteristics?!

1$&2$3’'(4"5()*(+&2$6$&2$&.(U'')%.;$&.(

•  O"/,(6"-%()*("33$3$'(GOKSOKUCOG(-&2$6$&2$&.3L()*(AC?OS(6"-%'()*("33$3$'0(

!  +&().,$%(5)%2'Y(C,$(2-M$%$&.(8$%'-)&'()*($"/,(:$&$()&(,);)3):)<'(/,%);)');$'(5-33("'')%.(-&2$6$&2$&.3L()*().,$%(:$&$'0(

!  D)&8-&/$(L)<%'$3*(7L(2%"5-&:("(/,%);)');$(5-.,(Z(2-M$%$&.(:$&$'("&2(."J$(.,$;(.,%)<:,(;$-)'-'($H6%$''0(

C$'.(L)<%(<&2$%'."&2-&:(

!"#$%&’1(/%9"#.5%'(=6>?(

:6#$%&’1(/%9"#.5%'(==??(

?)5(.)(<'$("(.$'./%)''(.)(2$.$%;-&$("&(<&J&)5&(:$&).L6$(

1$&2$3’'(4"5'("%$(K)8$%&$2(7L(!%)7"7-3-.L([/,"&/$\(

?)5(2)(5$(J&)5(-*(2-'$"'$'(5$(,"8$(-&()<%(*";-3-$'(5-33(7$(6"''$2(2)5&(.)()<%(/,-32%$&F((!$2-:%$$'0(

C$'.(L)<%(<&2$%'."&2-&:(

@31A011(*3#$(."0&(9%3/$?"&'(

B$%(<68%(A$384(39(#$31(26<38.(5%43/&%%(31(6C%A#%4(*3#$(6(/%9%DA(

431"&4%&E((

F2(#$%(/%9"#.5%("2(#$%(431%61%4(1"9(31(GGH(*$6#(31(#$%(/%9"#.5%("2($31(

56&%9#1I(

)$6#(JKLM@(#$%(/%9"#.5%("2($31(13?839/1(?%I(

1"&L(:$&$9/(2-')%2$%'("%$(/)&.%)33$2(7L("('-&:3$(:$&$(

Achondroplasia- caused by a dominant allele for dwarfism.

Cystic Fibrosis- caused by a recessive allele carried by BOTH parents.

U(?$36*<3(+33<'.%"9)&(

U<.)');"3(%$/$''-8$(

2-')%2$%'(-&(6$2-:%$$'(

U<.)');"3(2);-&"&.(2-')%2$%'(-&(6$2-:%$$'(

+&,$%-."&/$()*(]I3-&J$2(%$/$''-8$(2-')%2$%'(

+&,$%-."&/$()*("&(]I3-&J$2(2);-&"&.(2-')%2$%(

@I3-&J$2(-&,$%-."&/$(

C,$(7-:(“E^C”Y(B)&I1$&2$3-"&(K$&$9/'(

•  1"&L(.%"-.'("%$(BAC(-&,$%-.$2(-&("(“G+1!4O(1OBNO4+UB”(*"',-)&0(

•  OH";63$'Y(– GJ-&(/)3)%(– E3))2(.L6$(– ?$-:,.(– 1"&LR(;"&LR(;"&L().,$%(.%"-.'0(

B)&I1$&2$3-"&(-&,$%-."&/$Y(D"'$(P(

What kind of dominance might we call this?

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

>,L(-'(6$"(/)3)%"9)&(2-M$%$&.(.,"&(/"%&"9)&(/)3)%"9)&F(

•  N-M$%$&.('$.'()*(:$&$'(/)&.%)3(.,$(/)3)%'()*(.,$'$(.5)('6$/-$'()*(_)5$%'0(

B)&I1$&2$3-"&(+&,$%-."&/$(D"'$(`ZY((1^4C+!4O(U44O4OG(

•  >,".(J-&2()*(2);-&"&/$(-'(.,-'(5,$%$(5$('$$(EAC?(.%"-.'F(

CO-DOMINANCE

>,".(2)$'(.,$(73))2(.$'.("/.<"33L(3))J(3-J$F(

B)&I1$&2$3-"&(-&,$%-."&/$(D"'$(`aY(A&$(:$&$(/"&("M$/.(;"&L(/,"%"/.$%-'9/'(

Pleiotropy

G-/J3$(D$33'("&2(B)%;"3(D$33'(

B)&I1$&2$3-"&(+&,$%-."&/$(D"'$(`bY()&$(.%"-.(/)&.%)33$2(7L(;"&L(:$&$'(

Polygenic inheritance

B)&I1$&2$3-"&(+&,$%-."&/$(S$8-$5$2V(

C,$($&8-%)&;$&.(/"&("3')("M$/.(6,L'-/"3(/,"%"/.$%-'9/'(

B69"&%N36(694(3#’1(A"91%O0%9A%1E(

K#$%&(134%(%C%A#1("2(696?"83A(1#%&"341(39A804%(6A9%H(&%40A%4(#%1DA8%(13-%E(

>,".(2)(1$&2$3’'(4"5'(,"8$(.)(2)(5-.,(D,%);)');$'F(

G);$(:$&$'("%$(')(/3)'$(.):$.,$%(.,".(.,$L(.$&2(.)(7$(-&,$%-.$2(

.):$.,$%(

We call these ‘LINKED GENES’

DSAGG+BK(A=OS(/%$".$'(&$5(/);7-&"9)&'()*("33$3$'(-&(:";$.$'(

D,%);)');$'(2$.$%;-&$('$H(-&(;"&L('6$/-$'R(-&/3<2-&:()<%()5&(

G);$(:$&$'("%$(3-&J$2(.)('$H(/,%);)');$'(

These genes are called “SEX-LINKED” genes.

G$HI3-&J$2(.%"-.'(',)5(<&<'<"3(-&,$%-."&/$(6"#$%&'(

G$HI3-&J$2(2-')%2$%'("M$/.(;)'.3L(;"3$'0((

,%<"5$3836(39(#$%(P011369(&".68(26<38.E(B$%(<"&68("2(#$%(1#"&.'(@KQ’B(!=PPR(RKLP(:FPSB(JKLSFQE(

F2(."0(A69’#(&%64(#$31H(F’<(1"&&.H(?0#(."0(A699"#(T.(

2"&(#$%(63&(2"&A%E((

1$&2$3c'(4"5()*(G$:%$:"9)&(/"&(7$(2$d&$2(7L(5,-/,()*(.,$(*)33)5-&:(

'.".$;$&.'F(

U0  U33$3$'()*(2-M$%$&.(:$&$'()&(2-M$%$&.(/,%);)');$'("%$(-&,$%-.$2(-&2$6$&2$&.3L0(

E0  U33$3$'()*(.,$('";$(:$&$("%$('63-.(<6(2<%-&:(;$-)'-'0(

D0  1$-)'-'(%$'<3.'(-&('$:%$:"9)&()*(:";$.$'0(

N0  G);$(:$&$'("%$(3-&J$2(.)('$H(/,%);)');$'0(

1$&2$3c'(4"5()*(+&2$6$&2$&.(U'')%.;$&.(/"&(7$(7$'.('<;;"%-e$2(

7L(5,-/,('.".$;$&.F(

U0  U33$3$'()*(2-M$%$&.(:$&$'()&(2-M$%$&.(/,%);)');$'("%$(-&,$%-.$2(-&2$6$&2$&.3L0(

E0  U33$3$'()*(.,$('";$(:$&$("%$('63-.(<6(2<%-&:(;$-)'-'0(

D0  1$-)'-'(%$'<3.'(-&('$:%$:"9)&()*(:";$.$'0(

N0  G);$(:$&$'("%$(3-&J$2(.)('$H(/,%);)');$'0(

C,$(*"/.(.,".(,<;"&(,$-:,.(/"&(7$("#%-7<.$2(.)(.,$(-&,$%-."&/$()*(;<3963$("33$3$'(-'("&($H";63$()*(

U0  C,$(3"5()*('$:%$:"9)&(E0  C,$(3"5()*(-&2$6$&2$&.("'')%.;$&.(

D0  !)3L:$&-/(-&,$%-."&/$(N0  !3$-).%)6L(

K$&$9/(3-&J":$(-'(;)'.(3-J$3L(.)(%$'<3.(-&(((

U0  K$&$'(&).(7$-&:(')%.$2(-&2$6$&2$&.3L0(E0  U33$3$'()*("(:$&$(&).(7$-&:('$:%$:".$20(D0  D%)''-&:()8$%0(N0  G$HI3-&J$2(2-')%2$%'0(

G$HI3-&J$2(2-')%2$%'(2-'6%)6)%9)&".$3L("M$/.(;"3$(

)M'6%-&:(7$/"<'$(

U0  U(;<."9)&()&("(*$;"3$(/,-32c'(](/,%);)');$(;"L(7$(/);6$&'".$2(*)%(7L(.,$().,$%(](/,%);)');$0(((

E0  U(;<."9)&()&(.,$(@(/,%);)');$(-'("35"L'(6"''$2(*%);(*".,$%(.)(')&0(

D0  U(;"3$(/,-32(&$$2'()&3L(.)(-&,$%-.()&$(7"2(]I3-&J$2("33$3$(.)(-&,$%-.(.,$(2-')%2$%0(

N0  U33()*(.,$("7)8$("%$(.%<$0(O0  B)&$()*(.,$("7)8$("%$(.%<$0(

>,-/,()*(.,$(*)33)5-&:(-'(&).("(')<%/$()*(:$&$9/(8"%-"9)&F(

U0  D%)''-&:()8$%(2<%-&:(;$-)'-'0(

E0  +&2$6$&2$&.("'')%.;$&.()*(:$&$'0(

D0  S"&2);("3-:&;$&.()*(2<63-/".$2(,);)3):)<'(/,%);)');$'(7$*)%$(.,$(d%'.(;$-)9/(2-8-'-)&0(

N0  K$&$9/(.$'./%)''0(