GIAO_TRINH_AUTOCAD_2007_FULL_ok

8/7/2019 GIAO_TRINH_AUTOCAD_2007_FULL_ok

1/111

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

TRNG CAO ANG KT-CN TP. HCM_ KHOA C KH XAY DNG

GIAO TRNH AUTO CAD 2007_ bien soan : PHAM GIA HAU - 1 -

GIAO TRNH

AUTO CAD 2007


2/111




Mc lcI. M u Gii thiu chung1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad

4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit5. Cc quy c

II. Cc lnh v File1. To File bn v mi2. Lu File bn v3. M bn v c sn4. ng bn v5. Thot khi AutoCad

III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im1. H to s dng trong AutoCad2. Cc phng php nhp to 3. Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Objects Snap )4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch chuy bt im thng tr5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to )6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to )

IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM3. Lnh y bn v Pan4. n v o bn v5. Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho6. Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v

V. Cc Lnh v c bn1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn )2. Lnh v ng trn Circle (C) ( hc trn )3. Lnh v cung trn Arc (A )4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC)7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL)8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit10. Lnh v im Point (PO)11. Lnh nh kiu im Ddptype12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)13. Lnh chia i tng ra cc on c chiu di bng nhau Measure (ME)

VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E)2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U)4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo


3/111




5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R)6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE)

VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O)2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR)

3.Lnh ct m rng Extrim4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR)5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX)6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA)8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit10. Lnh v mt ng thng hoc mt chm ng thng giao nhau. XLINE (Construction line)11.Lnh v mt na ng thng (RAY)12. Lnh v hnh vnh khn (DONUT )13.Lnh v cc on thng c dy (TRACE )

14.Lnh v min c t c (SOLID )15. Lnh to mt min t cc hnh ghp (REGION)16.Lnh Cng cc vng Region (UNION )17.Lnh Tr cc vng Region ( SUBTRACT )18.Lnh Ly giao ca cc vng Region (INTERSECT )19.Lnh to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn (BOUNDARY)

VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M)2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co)3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO)

4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC)5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI).6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S).7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)

IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L)2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale4. Bin CELTSCALE

X. Hnh ct mt ct v v k hiu vt liu1. Trnh t v mt ct2. V mt ct bng lnh Hatch (H) hoc BHatch3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit

XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en.5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT)6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED)


4/111




7. Lnh QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn

XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc1. Cc thnh phn kch thc2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng

4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc.6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc

XIII. To khi v ghi khi.1. Lnh to khi Block2. Lnh chn Block vo bn v Insert3. Lnh lu Block thnh File dng nhiu ln (lnh Wblock)4. Lnh ph v Block l Explode hoc Xplode

XIV. BANG PHM TAT MOT SO LENH TRONG AUTOCAD

XV. BAI TAP


5/111




I. M u Gii thiu chung

AutoCAD l phn mm mnh tr gip thit k, sng tc trn my tnh ca hng AUTODESK(M) sn xut.

1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng

Phn mm AutoCAD l phn mm thit k thng dng cho cc chuyn ngnh c kh chnh xc vxy dng. Bt u t th h th 10 tr i phm mm AutoCAD c ci tin mnh m theo hng3 chiu v tng cng thm cc tin ch thn thin vi ngi dng.

T th h AutoCAD 10 phn mm lun c 2 phin bn song hnh. Mt phin bn chy trnDOS v mt phin bn chy trn WINDOWS, xong phi n th h AutoCAD 14 phn mm mitng thch ton din vi h iu hnh WINDOWS v khng c phin bn chy trn DOS no na.

AutoCAD c mi quan h rt thn thin vi cc phn mm khc nhau p ng c cc

nhu cu s dng a dng nh : Th hin, m phng tnh, m phng ng, bo co, lp h s bn v...

i vi cc phn mm ho v m phng, AutoCAD to lp cc khi m hnh ba chiu vicc ch d bn v hp l, lm c s to cc bc nh mu v hot cnh cng trnh . AutoCAD cngnhp c cc bc nh vo bn v lm nn cho cc bn v k thut mang tnh chnh xc.

i vi cc phn mm vn phng ( MicroSoft Office ), AutoCAD xut bn v sang hoc chytrc tip trong cc phn mm dng nhng (OLE). Cng tc ny rt thun tin cho vic lp cch s thit k c km theo thuyt minh, hay trnh by bo v trc mt hi ng.

i vi cc phn mm thit k khc. AutoCAD to lp bn nn c th pht trin tip v

b xung cc thuc tnh phi a l, nh trong h thng thng tin a l (GIS)Ngoi ra AutoCAD cng c c nhiu tin ch mnh, gip thit k t ng cc thnh phn cngtrnh trong kin trc v xy dng lm cho AutoCAD ngy cng p ng tt hn nhu cu thit k hinnay.

2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad

C th ni, kh nng v v v chnh xc lu th chnh ca AutoCad. Phn mm c th th hin ttc nhng tng thit k trong khng gian ca nhng cng trnh k thut. S tnh ton ca cc itng v da trn c s cc to cc im v cc phng trnh khi phc tp, ph hp vi thc tinthi cng cc cng trnh xy dng.

AutoCad sa cha v bin i c tt c cc i tng v ra. Kh nng cng ngy cngmnh v thun tin cc th h sau. Cng vi kh nng b cc mi cc i tng, AutoCad to iukin t hp nhiu hnh khi t s t cc i tng ban u, rt ph hp vi tng sng tc trongngnh xy dng.

AutoCad c cc cng c to phi cnh v h tr v trong khng gian ba chiu mnh, gip ccc gc nhn chnh xc ca cc cng trnh nh trong thc t.

AutoCad cung cp cc ch v thun tin, v cng c qun l bn v mnh, lm cho bn vc t chc c khoa hc, my tnh x l nhanh, khng mc li, v nhiu ngi c th tham gian

trong qu trnh thit k.

Cui cng, AutoCad cho php in bn v theo ng t l, v xut bn v ra cc lai tp khc


6/111




nhau tng thch vi nhiu th loi phn mm khc nhau.

3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad

Khi ng AutoCad-Bt my, bt mn hnh

- Nhp p phm tri ca chut vo biu tng AutoCad 2007.-Hoc dng chut vo Start/Programs/Autodesk/AutoCad 2007.

Cc cch vo lnh trong AutoCad Vo lnh t bn phm c th hin dng "Command". Cc lnh c dch ra nhng ngnt thng dng ca ting Anh, nhline, pline, arc v thng c lnh vit tt. Khi ang thc hinmt lnh, mun g lnh mi, cn nhp phm ESC trn bn phm. Vo lnh t thc n th c thc hin thng qua chut. Cng c th vo lnh t thc n mnhnh bn phi Vo lnh t nhng thanh cng c. Nhng thanh cng c ny c thit k theo nhm lnh. Mi k hiu thc hin mt lnh. Cc cch vo lnh u c gi tr ngang nhau. Tu theo thi quen v tin nghi ca mi ngi sdng m p dng. Thng th ta kt hp gia g lnh vo bn phm v dng thanh cng c hay thcn s xung.

4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit-F1 : Tr gip Help-F2 : Chuyn t mn hnh ho sang mn hnh vn bn v ngc li.-F3 : (Ctrl + F) Tt m ch truy bt im thng tr (OSNAP)- F5 : (Ctrl + E) Chuyn t mt chiu ca trc o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc.- F6 : (Ctrl + D) Hin th ng to ca con chut khi thay i v tr trn mn hnh- F7 : (Ctrl + G) M hay tt mng li im (GRID)-F8 : (Ctrl + L) Gii hn chuyn ng ca chut theo phng thng ng hoc nm ngang

(ORTHO)- F9 : (Ctrl + B) Bt tt bc nhy (SNAP)-F10 : Tt m dng trng thi Polar

Phm ENTER : Kt thc vic a mt cu lnh v nhp cc d liu vo my x l.Phm BACKSPACE (


7/111




Chc nng ca cc phm chut:

- Phm tri dng chn i tng v chn cc v tr trn mn hnh.- Phm phi, tng ng vi phm ENTER trn bn phm, khng nh cu lnh.- Phm gia (thng l phm con ln) dng kch hot tr gip bt im, hoc khi xoay th s thuphng mn hnh tng ng.

5. Cc quyc

H to : Mi im trong khng gian c xc nh bng 1 h to x, y, z vi 3 mt phngc bn xy, xz, yz.

n v o: Thc t thit k trong ngnh xy dng cho thy, n v thng dng v l mm.Do vy nhn chung, ta c th quy c rng:

Mot n v tren mang hnh tng ng 1mm tren thc te.

Gc xoay:

- Trong mat phang hai chieu, xoay theo chieu kim ong ho la goc am(-), ngc chiu kimng h l gc dng (+).


8/111




II. Cc lnh v File

1. To File bn v mi

Menu bar Nhp lnh ToolbarFile\New... New hoc Ctrl + N

Xut hin hp thoi : select template. Chn biu tng acad

-Cui cng nhn nt OK hoc nhn phm ENTER .

2. Lu File bn v.

Menu bar Nhp lnh ToolbarFile\Save... Save hoc Ctrl + S

+ Trng hp bn v cha c ghi thnh File th sau khi thc hin lnh Save xut hin hp thoiSave Drawing As ta thc hin cc bc sau.-Chn thmc, a mc: Save In- t tn File vo : File Name-Chn Files of type chn ghi File vi cc phin bn Cad trc ( Nu cn)-Cui cng nhn nt SAVE hoc nhn phm ENTER

Ch : Nu thot khi CAD2007 m cha ghi bn v th AutoCad c hi c ghi bn v khng nu tachn YES th ta cng thc hin cc thao tc trn

+ Trng hp bn v c ghi thnh File th ta ch cn nhp chut tri vo biu tng ghi trnthanh cng c hoc nhn phm Ctrl + S lc ny Cad t ng cp nht nhng thay i vo file cghi sn .

3. M bn v c sn.

Xut hin hp thoi : Select File

Menu bar Nhp lnh ToolbarFile\Open... Save hoc Ctrl + O

-Chn thmc v a cha File cn m : Look in- Chn kiu File cn m (Nu Cn ) : File of type-Chn File cn m trong khung.-Cui cng nhn nt OPEN hoc nhn phm ENTER-Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Open

4. ng bn v

Menu bar Nhp lnh ToolbarFile\Close Close


9/111




Nu bn v c sa i th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi thay i khng. Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc Lu bn v). Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i

-Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.

5. Thot khi AutoCad

Menu bar Nhp lnh ToolbarFile\Exit Exit, Quit, Ctrl + Q

Hoc ta c th chn nt du nhn gc trn bn phi ca mn hinhHoc nhn t hp phm Alt + F4Nu bn v cha c ghi th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi file bn v khng Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc Lu bn v) Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.


10/111




III. H to v cc phng thc truy bt im

1. H to s dng trong AutoCada. H to cc.

xc nh v tr im ng, mt phng v cc i tng hnh hc khc th v tr ca chngphi c tham chiu n mt v tr bit. im ny gi l im tham chiu hoc im gc ta .H to cc c s dng ph bin trong ton hc v ho v dng xc nh v tr ca cchnh hc trong mt phng v trong khng gian ba chiu.

H to hai chiu (2D) c thit lp bi mt im gc to l giao im gia hai trcvung gc: Trc honh nm ngang v trc tung thng ng. Trong bn v AutoCad mt im trongbn v hai chiu c xc nh bng honh X v tung Y cch nhau bi du phy (X,Y). imgc to l (0,0) . X v Y c th mang du m hoc du dng tu thuc v tr ca im so vi trcto . Trong bn v ba chiu (3D) ta phi nhp thm cao Z

* To tuyt iDa theo gc to (0,0) ca bn v xc nh im. Gi tr to tuyt i da theo gcto (0,0) ni m trc X v trc Y giao nhau. S dng to tuyt i khi m bn bit chnh xcgi tr to X v Y ca im.

V d to 30,50 nhhnh v ch nh im c 30 n v dc theo trc X v 50 n v dctheo trc Y. Trn hnh v 1 v ng thng bt ut im (-50,-50) n (30,-50) ta thc hin nhsau:

Command: LineSpecify first point: -50,-50Specify next point or [Undo]: 30,-50

* To tng iDa trn im nhp cui cng nht trn bn

v. S dng to tng i khi bn bit v tr caim tng i vi im trc . ch nh to tng i ta nhp vo trc to du @ (at sign).

V d to @30,50 ch nh 1 im 30 nv theo trc X v 50 n v theo trc Y t im chnh cui cng nht trn bn v.

V d ta s dng to tng i v ng thng P2P3 t im P2 (30,-50) ckhong cch theo hng X l 0 n v v theo hng Y l 100 n v nhhnh v

Command: LineSpecify first point: 30,-50Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100b. H to cc.

To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong mt phng XY. To cc ch nhkhong cch v gc so vi gc to (0,0). im P1 trn hnh v 2 c to cc l 50


11/111




chun o gc theo chiu dng trc X ca h to cc. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kimng h hnh v

nhp to cc ta nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du mc nhn (


12/111




Hnh 1: Dng lnh v Line Command: Line Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k)Specify next point or [Undo] : @60


13/111


14/111




13. Tracking

Trong AutoCAD ta c th s dng la chn Tracking nhp to imtng i qua mt im m ta s xc nh. S dng tng t Point filtersv From

4. Lnh Osnap (OS) gn ch truy bt im thng tr

Menu bar Nhp lnh ToolbarTools\Drafting Settings... OSnap hoc OS

gn ch truy bt im thng tr bng hp thoi Drafting Setting. lm xut hinhp thoi Drafting Setting ta thc hin

G lnh OSnap (OS) hoc tools/Dsettings hoc bng Menu hoc gi Shift v nhp phichut trn mn hnh CAD s xut hin Shortcut Menu v ta chn OSnap Settings... ( Nu trc cha gn ch truy bt im thng tr no ta c th nhn phm F3)

Khi hp thoi Drafting Setting xut hin ta chn trang Object Snap Sau ta chn ccph ng thc truy bt im cn dng sau nhn OK thot.

5. Lnh v ng thng Line ( vi cc phng php nhp to )

Command : L Ch cn g ch ci l

Specify first point - Nhp to im u tin Specify next point or [Undo] - Nhp to im cui ca on thng


15/111




Specify next point or [Undo/Close] - Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on thng hoc g ENTER ktthc lnh ( Nu ti dng nhc ny ta g U th Cad shu ng thng va v. Nu g C th Cad s ngim cui cng vi im u tin trong trng hp vnhiu on thng lin tip)

-Trong trng hp F8 bt th ta ch cn a chut v pha mun v on thng sau nhp chiu dica on thng cn v .V d:Command : L- Specify first point - Chn mt im u tin Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut sang phi g s s c

on thng nm ngang di 100 Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 - Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut ln trn g s s c

on thng ng di 100

V d: Dng phng php nhp to tuyt i v tng i v cc hnh trong bi tp.

6. Lnh v ng trn Circle ( vi cc phng php nhp to )

C 5 phng php khc nhau v ng trn

Tm v

bn knh hoc

ng knh ( Center, Radius hoc Diameter)Command : C- Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr] - Nhp to tm (bng cc phng php

nhp to hoc truy bt im)-Specify Radius of circle or [Diameter]: - Nhp bn knh hoc to ca ng trn

(Nu ta g D ti dng nhc ny th xuthin dng nhc sau)

- Specify Diameter of circle: - Ti y ta nhp gi tr ca ng knh

V d: V ng trn c tm bt k v c bn knh l 50 v ng trn c ng knh l 50

3 Point (3P) v

ng trn i qua 3 im

Command : C Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr] : Ti dng nhc ny ta g 3P Specify First Point on circle : Nhp im th nht ( dng cc phng

php nhp to hoc truy bt im) Specify Second Point on circle : Nhp im th 2

Specify Third Point on circle : Nhp im th 3

Ngoi phng php nhp qua 3 im nh trn ta c th dng Menu (Draw\ Circle) dng phng

php TAN, TAN, TAN v ng trn tiu xc vi 3 i tng.


16/111




2 Point (2P) v ng trn i qua 2 im

Command : C Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr] : Ti dng nhc ny ta g 2P Specify First End Point of circle's diameter : Nhp im u ca ng knh (dng

cc phng php nhp to hoc truybt im)

Specify Second End Point of circle diameter : Nhp im cui ca ng knh

ng trn tip xc 2 i tng v c bn knh R (TTR)

Command : C Specify center Point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr] : Ti dng nhc ny ta g TTR Specify Point on Object for first tangent of Circle : Chn i tng th nht ng

trn tip xc Specify Point on Object for Second tangent of Circle : Chn i tng th hai ng

trn tip xc Specify Radius of Circle : Nhp bn knh ng trn


17/111




IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn

1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS

Sau khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCad, nhp chut vo Start from scartch v chn h o lMetric, ta s c mt mn hnh ca khng gian lm vic c ln mc nh l 420, 297 n v. Nuquy c 1 n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi 1 mm ngoi thc t, ta s v c i tng c kch 42cm x 29,7 cm. Nu v cng trnh, khng gian rt cht hp. Do vy ta cn nh ngha mt khnggian lm vic ln hn.

Nhp lnh:Menu : Format/Drawing Limits Bn phm : Limits

Command : limits G lnh gii hn mn hnhReset Model space limits : Nhp Enter ng vi to im uSpecify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] ca gii hn mn hnh. :Specify upper right corner Cho gii hn mn hnh ln bng mt khng : 42000,29700 gian rng 42 m x 29,7 m ngoi thc t

Lu :-Cho d khng gian c nh ngha rng hn 100 ln hin ti, mn hnh lc ny vn khng c gthay i. Ta phi thc hin lnh thu khng gian gii hn vo bn trong mn hnh bng lnh diy.

2. Thu khng gian c gii hn vo trong mn hnh - Lnh ZOOM.

Nhp lnh:Menu : View/Zoom Bn phm : zoom

Command : z - G lnh thu phng mn hnh-Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor - Nhp tham s cn dng sau g Enter(nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : a

Cc Tham s ca lnh ZOOM


18/111




Extens: Nhn tng quan tt c i tng trn mng hnh cad

Lu :-Nu c i tng v to hn hoc nm ngoi gii hn mn hnh th lnh ny s thu ng thi c gii

hn mn hnh (t to 0,0) v i tng v vo trong mn hnh.

3. Lnh y bn v Pan

5 Lnh Snap, lnh Grid, lnh Ortho

a) Lnh Snap

Lnh Snap iu khin trng thi con chy (Cursor) l giao im ca hai si tc. Xc nhbc nhy con chy v gc quay ca hai si tc. Bc nhy bng khong cch li Grid Trng thiSnap c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Snap trn thanh trng thi pha di hoc nhnphm F9.

b) Lnh Grid ( Ch li)

Lnh Grid to cc im li trn gii hn bn v khong cch cc im li theo phng X,Y c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau tu theo ta nh ngha trong hp thoi Drafting Setting...


19/111




Trng thi Grid c th tt m bng cch nhp p chut vo nt Grid trn thanh trng thi pha dihoc nhn phm F7.c) Lnh Ortho

Lnh Orthor thit lp ch v lnh Line theo phng ca cc si tc

d) Thit lp ch cho Sanp v Grid

C th trong hnh sau

6.Lnh Mvsetup to khung bn v

Sau khi nhp lnh xut hin cc dng nhc sau.

. Enable pager Space? [No/Yes] : (Ta nhp N v nhn Enter)

. Enter units type [.........../Metric] : (ta nhp M chn h mt v nhn Enter)

. Enter the scale factor : ( Nhp gi tr t l)

. Enter the Pager width : (Nhp chiu rng kh giy)

. Enter the Pager height : (Nhp chiu cao kh giy)

Bng nh gii hn bn v (Limits) theo kh giy in v t l


20/111





21/111


22/111


23/111




4. Lnh v ng a tuyn Pline (PL) : ng c b rng nt

Command : PL- Specify start point : - Nhp im u ca ng thng- Current line-width is 0.0000 - Th hin chiu rng hin hnh- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth - Nhp im th 2 hoc chn cc tham s khc

/Length /Undo/Width]: ca lnh Pline- .............. - ............ ( tim tc nhp im tip theo...)

- Cc tham s chnh+ Close + ng Pline bi mt on thng nhLine+ Halfwidth + nh na chiu rng phn on sp v

* Starting halfwidth: * Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u

* Ending halfwidth: * Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui+ Width + nh chiu rng phn on sp v

* Starting Width: * Nhp gi tr chiu rng u* Ending Width: * Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui

+ Length + V tip mt phn on c chiu nhon thng trc nu phn on trc l cung trn th n s tipxc vi cung trn .

* Length of line: * Nhp chiu di phn on sp v.+ Undo + Hu b nt v trc .+ Arc + V cung trn ni tip vi ng thng.

5. Lnh v a gic u Polygon (POL)

-V a gic ngoi tip ng trn Command : POL

-Enter number of side : Nhp s cnh ca a gic-Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp to tm ca a gic-Enter an option [.....] : C Ti dng nhc ny ta g C

-Specify radius of circle: Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ni tip agic hoc to im hoc truy bt im lim gia mt cnh a gic.

-V a gic ni tip ng trn Command : POL

-Enter number of side : Nhp s cnh ca a gic-Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp to tm ca a gic-Enter an option [.....] : I - Ti dng nhc ny ta g I-Specify radius of circle: -Ti y nhp bn knh ng trn ngoi tip

a gic hoc to im hoc truy bt im

l im nh ca a gic


24/111




-V a gic theo cnh ca a gic Command : POL

. Enter number of side : -Nhp s cnh ca a gic. Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E - Ti dng nhc ny ta goa E. Specify first endpoint of edge: Chn hoc nhp to im u mt cnh. Specify Second endpoint of edge: Chn hoc nhp to im cui cnh

6. Lnh v hnh ch nht Rectang (REC)

Lnh REC dng v hnh ch nht. Hnh ch nht a tuyn ta c th dng lnh Pedit hiu chnh v lnh Explode ph v chng ra thnh cc on thng.

Command : REC

- Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/ - Nhp gc th nht ca HCN hoc nhp ccElevation/ Fillet/ Thickness/ Width: tham s (nhp ch ci u ca tham s)- Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:] - Nhp gc th hai ca HCN hoc nhp tham s

D( cc tham s c th nhsau)

+ Chamfer (Sau khi vo lnh g ch C ) - Vt mp 4 nh HCN* Specify first chamfer distance........ * Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th nht* Specify Second chamfer distance........ * Nhp gi tr ca cnh cn vt th hai* Specify first corner........ * Sau khi nhp thng s cho vt mp ta nhp gc

th nht ca HCN

* Specify other corner point....... * Nhp gc th hai ca HCN

+ Fillet (Sau khi vo lnh g ch F ) - Bo trn cc nh ca HCN* Specify fillet radius for rectangles.. * Nhp bn knh cn bo trn* Specify first corner........ * Sau khi nhp bn knh ta nhp gc th nht

ca HCN* Specify other corner point....... * Nhp gc th hai ca HCN

+ Width (Sau khi vo lnh g ch W ) - nh b rng nt v HCN* Specify line width for rectangles: * Nhp b rng nt v HCN* Specify first corner........ * Sau khi nhp b rng nt v ta nhp gc th

nht ca HCN* Specify other corner point....... * Nhp gc th hai ca HCN

+ Elevation/ Thickness - Dng trong v 3D

+ Dimension - Tham s ny cho php nhp chiu cao v chiu di HCN theo cc dng nhc sauy.

* Specify lenght for rectangles: * Nhp chiu di ca HCN* Specify Widht for rectangles: * Nhp chiu cao ca HCN


25/111




7. Lnh v Elip Ellipse (EL)

Lnh EL dng v

ng Elip. Tu thuc v

o bin PELLIPSE

ng Elip c th l

PELLIPSE = 1 ng EL l mt a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cung trn.Ta c th s dng lnh PEDIT hiu chnh

PELLIPSE = 0 ng Elip l ng Spline y l ng cong NURBS ( xem lnh Spline) v takhng th Explode n c. ng Elip ny c th truy bt tm v im 1/4 nhng trn

Nu thay i bin ta g PELLIPSE ti dng lnh sau nhp gi tr ca bin l 0 hoc l 1Trng hp PELLIPSE = 0 ta c ba phng php v Elip

Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li

Command : EL

- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center] - Nhp im u trc th nht- Specify other endpoint of axis: - Nhp im cui trc th nht

- Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]: - Nhp khong cch na trc th hai. R ( nu chn tham s R ) * Chn R xc nh khong cch na trc th hai. Specify rotation around major axis: * Nhp gc quay quanh ng trn trc

Tm v cc trcCommand : EL

- ecify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]: - Ti dng nhc n

y ta g C- ecify center of Ellipse : - Nhp to hoc chn tm Elip-Specify endpoint of axis: - Nhp khong cch na trc th nht- Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]: - Nhp khong cch na trc th hai

* ( nu chn tham s R xem nh trn )

V cung ElipCommand : EL- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ center]: - Ti dng nhc ny ta g A- Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [center] - Nhp to hoc chn im u ca

trc th nht

- Specify other endpoint of axis : - Nhp to hoc chn im u catrc th nht- Specify distanceto other axis or [Rotation]: - Nhp khong cch na trc th hai- Specify start angle or [Parameter]: - Chn im u ca cung hoc nhp gi

tr gc y l gc gia trc ta va nhvi ng thng t tm n im uca cung

- Specify end angle or [Parameter/Include angle]: -Chn cui ca cung hoc nhp gi trgc y l gc gia trc ta va nh ving thng t tm n im cui cacung


26/111




8. Lnh v ng Spline (SPL) lnh v cc ng cong

Dng to

ng cong NURBS ( Non Uniform Rational Bezier Spline ) cc

ng congc bit. ng Spline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn cc im ny gi lCONTROLPOINT . Lnh Spline dng to cc ng cong c hnh dng khng u.

V d v cc ng ng mc trong h thng thng tin a l hoc trong thit k khung s n t, v tu thuyn ...

Command : SPL- Specify first point or [Object]: - Chn im u ca Spline- Specify next point: - Chn im k tip-Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] :-Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : ENTER kt thc- Specify start tangent: -Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hocENTER chn mc nh-Specify end tangent: -Chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hocENTER chn mc nh

. Tham s CLOSE - ng kn ng SPLINE ( ni im u viim cui)

. Tham s Fit to lerance - To ng cong Spline min hn. Khi gi tr- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] : f im ta chn. Khi gi tr ny khc khng th

ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny tong cong min hn

- Specify fit tolerance : 5 - ENTER hoc nhp gi tr dng

9. Lnh Mline v ng // v MlStyle v MLedit

Lnh Mline dng v mt bng cc cng trnh kin trc, xy dng, v bn . to kiung Mline ta s dng lnh Mlstyle, hiu chnh ng mline ta s dng lnh Mledit.

a. To kiu ng mline bng lnh MlstyleTrc khi thc hien lenh Mline ta phai tao kieu ng Mline va xac nh cac thanh phan

cua ng mline va khoang cach gia cac thanh phan , dang ng va mauchothanh phanSau khi vao lenh xuat hien hop thoai sau:


27/111


28/111


29/111


30/111


31/111




VI. Cc lnh hiu chnh cn bn.

1. Lnh xa i tng Erase (E)

Dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng ta chcn nhn phm ENTER th lnh c thc hin.

Command : E. Select object - Chn i tng cn xo. Select object - Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc ENTER thc hin xo

2. Lnh phc hi i tng b xo Oops

phc hi cc i tng c xo bng lnh Erase trc ta s dng lnh Oops. Tuynhin lnh lnh ny ch phc hi cc i tng b xo trong mt lnh Erase trc

Command : Oops Vo lnh sau ENTER

3. Lnh hu b lnh va thc hin Undo (U)

Lnh Undo hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc .Command : U Vo lnh sau ENTER

4. Lnh phc hi i tng va Undo l Redo

S dng lnh Redo sau cc lnh Undo phc hi cc lnh va hu trc

Command : REDO Vo lnh sau ENTER5. Lnh ti to mn hnh hay v li mn hnh Redraw (R)

Lnh Redraw lm mi cc i tng trong khung nhn hin hnh. Lnh ny dng xo ccdu "+" ( gi l cc BLIPMODE) trn Viewport hin hnh

Command : R Vo lnh sau ENTERLnh Redrawall lm mi li cc i tng trong tt c khung nhn bn v hin hnhCommand : Redrawall Vo lnh sau ENTER


32/111




6. Lnh ti to i tng trn mn hinh Regen (RE)

Lnh Regen s dng tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn khung nhn hinhhnh. Tng tl Regenall tnh ton v ti ti li ton b cc i tng trn c bn v


33/111




VII. Cc lnh hiu chnh to hnh

1. Lnh to cc i tng song song vi cc i tng cho trc Offset (O)

Lnh Offset dng to cc i tng song song theo hng vung gc vi cc i tngc chn. i tng c chn c th lLine, Circle, Arc, Pline ......

Command : O Vo lnh sau ENTER. Specify offset distance or [Through] : 2 - Nhp khong cch gia hai i tng //. Select object to offset or : - Chn i tng cn to //. Specify point on side to offset: - Chn im bt k v pha cn to i tng //

. Select object to offset or - Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhnphm ENTER kt thc lnh

Command : O Vo lnh sau ENTER. Specify offset distance or [Through] : T - Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp T. Select object to offset or : - Chn i tng cn to //

-Specify through point: - Truy bt im m i tng mi c to iqua

- Select object to offset or - Tip tc chn i tng cn to // hoc nhnphm ENTER kt thc lnh

2. Lnh ct i tng gia hai i tng giao Trim (TR)

Lnh Trim dng xo on cui ca i tng c gii hn bi mt i tng giao hocon gia ca i tng c gii hn bi hai i tng giao.

Command : TR Vo lnh sau ENTER.Select objects: -Chn ng chn

.Select objects: -chn tip

ng chn hoc ENTER kt thcvic la chn ng chn..Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or -Chn i tng cn xn

[Project/Edge/Undo]:.Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or -Tip tc chn i tng cn xn hay

[Project/Edge/Undo]: ENTER kt thc lnh

Xn bt i tng nhng thc cht hai i tng khng thc s giao nhau m chng chthc s giao nhao khi ko di ra.

Command : TR Vo lnh sau ENTER

-Select objects: -Chn ng chn- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch E[Project/Edge/Undo]: E


34/111




-Enter an implied edge extension mode -Ti dng nhc ny ta tip tc g ch E[Extend /No extend] : E

- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or -Chn i tng cn xn[Project/Edge/Undo]: hay ENTER kt thc lnh

3. Lnh ct m rng Extrim

Lnh Extrim dng ct b tt c phn tha ra v mt pha no so vi ng chn.

Command : EXTRIM Vo lnh sau ENTER-Select objects: - Chn ng chn- Specify the side to trim on: - Chn pha cn ct so vi ng chn

4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR)

Lnh Break cho php ta xn mt phn ca i tng Arc, Line, Circle, ....on c xngii hn bi hai im ma ta chn. Nu ta xn mt phn ca ng trn th on c xn nm ngcchiu kim ng h v bt u t im chn th nht.

C 4 phng php khi thc hin lnh Break

a. Chn hai im.

Thc hin theo phng php ny gm 2 bc sau

Bc 1: Chn i tng ti mt im v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn.Bc 2: Chn im cui ca on cn xn.

Command : BR Vo lnh sau ENTER- Select objects: Chn i tng m ta mun xn v im trn

i tng ny l im u tin ca on cnxn.

- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: Chn im cui ca on cn xn

b. Chn i tng v hai im.

Command : BR Vo lnh sau ENTER- Select objects: Chn i tng m ta mun xn- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: F Ti dng nhc th 2 ta chn F- Specify first break point Chn im u tin on cn xn- Specify second break pointChn im cui on cn xn.


35/111




c. Chn mt im.

Lnh Break trong trng hp ny dng tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp.im tch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break.

Command : BR Vo lnh sau ENTER-Select objects: - Chn i tng m ta mun xn ti im cn tch i tng.- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: @ - Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn phm

ENTER

d. Chn i tng v mt im.

Phng php ny tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp ti v tr xc nh. Phngphp ny c chc nng tng t phng php c

Command : BR Vo lnh sau ENTER

-Select objects: - Chn i tng tch thnh 2 i tng.. Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: F - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn F. Specify first break point - Chn im cn tch bng cc phng thc truy bt im v

im ny l im cn tch hai i tng.- Specify second break point : @ - Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn phm ENTER

5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX)

Command : EX Vo lnh sau ENTER. Select objects: Chn i tng chn. Select objects: Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt thc

vic la chn.- Select object to extend or shift-select to trim Chn i tng cn ko

or [Project/Edge/Undo]: di hoc nhn ENTER kt thc lnh.

6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)

Dng thay i chiu di ( ko di hay lm ngn li ) cc i tng l on thng haycung trn.

Command : LENVo lnh sau ENTER- Select objects or [DElta/ Percent/ Total / DYnamic]: -Ti dng nhc ny ta chn i tng th

Cad s hin th chiu di ca i tngc chn

* Nu ta g tham s DE ( xut hin dng nhc sau) -Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch

nhp vo khong tng. Gi tr khongtng m th lm gim kch thc gi trkhong tng dng lm tng kch thc


36/111




.Enter delta length or [Angle] + Nhp khong cch tng

.Select an object to change or [Undo] + Chn i tng cn thay i kchThc ( c th chn nhiu i tng

kt thc nhn ENTER)

* Nu ta g tham s Percent ( xut hin dng nhc sau) -Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn

trm so vi tng chiu di i tngc chn

.Enter percentage length : + Nhp t l phn trm

.Select an object to change or [Undo] + Chn i tng cn thay i kchThc ( c th chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn ENTER)

* Nu ta g tham s Total ( xut hin dng nhc sau) -Thay i tng chiu di ca mt iTng theo gi tr mi nhp vo.

.Specify total length or [Angle] Nhp gi tr mi vo

.Select an object to change or [Undo] Chn i tng cn thay i

* Nu ta g tham s Dynamic ( xut hin dng nhc sau) -Dng thay i tng chiu dii tng.

7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA)

Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer : u tin ta thc hin vic nhp khong cch vt mp

sau chn ng thng cn vt mp.

Command : CHA Vo lnh sau ENTER- Select first line or [Polyline / Distance / Angle / : Chn cc tham s t ch vt

Trim / Method / Ultiple] mp.

Chn tham s D (Distance) Dng nhp 2 khong cch cn vt mp.

First chamfer distance : Nhp khong cch th nhtSpecify second chamfer distance : Nhp khong cch th haiSelect first line or [Polyline /Distance / : Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp

Angle /Trim /Method/mUltiple]Select second line : Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp

Chn tham s P (Polyline) Sau khi ta nhp khong cch th ta chn tham s P vt mp 4cnh ca Polyline

Chn tham s A (Angle) Cho php nhp khong cch th nht v gc ca ng vt mphpvi ng th nht.

Chamfer length on the first line : Nhp khong cch vt mp trn ngth nht

Specify chamfer angle from the first line : Nhp gi tr gc ng vt mp hpvi ng th nht


37/111


38/111


39/111


40/111




Ver :To ng thng theo phng thng ng. Sau la chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc

truy bt im) mt im m ng thng i qua.

Ang :To ng thng xin theo mt gc no . Sau la chn ny AutoCAD yu cu ta

nhp vo

Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: nhp gc nghingSpecify through point: chn mt im thuc ng thng

Bisect :to ng thng i qua phn gic ca mt gc (thng qua 3 im), la chn ny AutoCAD yu cuta nhp vo 03 im. im (1) thuc v tm ca gc, im (2) v (3) thuc v hai cnh ca gc.

Command: XLineSpecify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: B Specify angle vertex point: bm chn nh ca gcSpecify angle start point: bm chn mt im thuc cnh th nht ca gcSpecify angle end point: bm chn mt im thuc cnh th hai ca gc

Offset : To mt ng thng song song vi mt ng thng c sn.

Command: XLineSpecify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: O Specify offset distance or [Through] : nhp khong cch hoc t Select a line object: chn i tng gc

Specify through point: chn mt im xc nh v tr ng thng s pht sinh

11.Lnh v mt na ng thng (qua tam ng tron) RAY

Command line: Ray Draw menu chn Ray

Lnh ny thc hin hon ton tng t nh lnh XLine nhng thay v v c ng thng lnhRay s ch v na ng thng xut pht t im nh ngha u tin.

Command: Ray

Specify start point: chn im u tin (im xut pht)Specify through point: chn im th hai (im nh hng cho na ng thng)Specify through point: chn im khc (im nh hng cho na ng thng mi i

qua im (1)Specify through point: kt thc lnh

12. Lnh v hnh vnh khn DONUT

Command line: Donut Draw / DonutSpecify inside diameter of donut : Gi tr ng knh trongSpecify outside diameter of donut : Gi tr ng knh ngoi


41/111




Specify center of doughnut: To tm

Hnh vnh khuyn s c t mu bn trong nu gi tr ca lnh Fill l ON v ngc li khi Filll OFF.

13.Lnh v cc on thng c dy TRACE

Command line: TraceSpecify trace width :Nhp khong cch, hoc vo gi tr, hoc Specify start point: Tr im (1)Specify next point: Tr im (2)Specify next point: Tr im (3) hoc kt thc lnh

on thng c t khi lnh Fill c gi tr ON

14.Lnh v min c t c SOLID

Mi 2D Solid

c m t bi 3 hoc 4 cnh. Vi cc hnh 3 cnh th cch nhp t

ng i ngin ch vic bm chn 3 im lin tip khng thng hng ta s c mt ming tam gic t c. Ringvi hnh Solid 4 cnh khi khai bo im phi ch th t im nhp vo. Nu im (1) - (2) l m tcnh th nht th (3) - (4) l m t cnh i din nhng phi c cng hng vi (1) - (2)

V hnh 2D Solid.

Command line: SolidSOLID Specify first point: bm chn im (1)Specify second point: bm chn im (2)Specify third point: bm chn im (3)

Specify fourth point or : bm chn im (4) hoc kt thc

15. Lnh to mt min t cc hnh ghp (REGION)

Lnh ny dng chuyn i mt i tng (dng hnh kn) hoc mt nhm i tng thnhmt i tng duy nht - gi l mt min (Region). Mi min c th c to ra t mt s i tngn gin. Tuy nhin nu to mt Region t cc cc ng (Line, Arc...) th cc i tng ny phito thnh mt vng kn.

Sau lnh Region c bn hnh dng th hin ca cc i tng trn bn v l khng thay i,tuy nhin tnh cht i tng ho thay i. V d mt hnh t gic ng kn c to bi lnhLine s gm 04 i tng Line, sau khi c Region s tr thnh 01 i tng duy nht. Mt vngtrn v bng lnh Circle nu cha Region th c th d dng thay i bn knh thng qua cc taycm, nu Region th s tr thnh 01 min trn.

T thanh cng c chnCommand line: Region T Draw /Region...


42/111




Sau AutoCAD s yu cu chn i tng cn Region (Select objects:). Khi chn xongbm Hy bm kt thc lnh.

16.Lnh Cng cc vng Region UNION

T thanh cng c chnCommand line: Union Modify/ Solids editings - Union...Lnh ny cho php hp nht cc vng Region ( nh ngha) nu cc vng c giao nhau th

phn nt nm trong vng giao nhau s c loi b.

a) Trc khi Union b) Sau khi Union

thc hin c hnh v hoa vn nh th hin trn hnh trn y. Th t cc bc thc hin nhsau:

*V cc hnh ch nht, trn v elip bng cc lnh v thng thng;*Gi lnh Region to ra 5 i tng Region*Gi lnh Union - nh du ton b 5 i tng Region to c hnh hoa vn

17.Lnh Tr cc vng Region (SUBTRACT )

Command line: Subtract Modify / Solids editings - Subtract...

Lnh ny loi b phn giao nhao ca cc min Region. Min (region) c chn trc chiu l min c s (min s cn li mt phn sau lnh Subtract), cc min chn sau c hiu l ccmin iu kin loi b.

a) Trc khi Subtract b) Sau khi Subtract chn c) Sau khi Subtractchn hnh ch nht trc chn cc hnh trn, elip trc

Command: subtractSelect solids and regions to subtract from ..

Select objects: chn min c sSelect objects: kt thc

Select solids and regions to subtract ..

Select objects: chn min iu kinSelect objects: kt thc


43/111




18.Lnh Ly giao ca cc vng Region (INTERSECT )

T thanh cng c chnCommand line: Intersect T Modify / Solids editings - Intersect...

Cch thc hin lnh n

y t

ng t nh

vi lnh Subtract nh

ng kt qu th ch nhng vnggiao nhau ca cc Region mi c gi li (hnh )

Hnh - S dng lnh Intersect

19.Lnh to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn (BOUNDARY)

Lnh Boundary to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn. Cc itng gc khng b mt i.

Command line: Boundary T Draw / BoundaryThy xut hin hp thoi hnh sau

Chn ri bm vo mt im bn trong vng ng kn (hnh). Kt thc lnhny mt i tng Pline c to thnh, s dng lnh MOVE ri di PLine ra bn cnh ta cth hin nhhnh sau.


44/111




Hnh - Minh ho s dng lnh Boundary.


45/111




VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh

1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M)

Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu i tng t v tr hin ti n 1 v trbt k trn hnh v. Ta c th v mt phn ca hnh v ti v tr bt k, sau s dng Lnh di dii tng Move (M)

Command : Move Hoc tModify menu chn Move- Select objects - Chn cc i tng cn di- Select objects - Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER

kt thc vic la chn,

- Specify base point or displacement - Chn im chun hay nhp khong di: cth dng phm chn ca chut, dng ccphng thc truy bt im, to tuyt i,tng i, cc tng i...

- Specify second point of displacement or dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng

thc truy bt im, to tuyt i, tungi, to cc tng i, direct distance,polar tracking...

Ch (1) im Base point v Second point of displacement c th chn bt k.

(2) Nu mun di i tng cn v tr chnh xc th ti Base point v Second point of displacement tadng cc phng thc truy bt im.

(3) im Base point ta chn bt k hoc truy bt im v Second point of displacement dng to tng i, cc tng i, direct distance hoc polar tracking.

(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y, khi ti dng nhc tip theo ta nhn phm ENTER.

2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co)

Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng tnh tin v sp xpchng theo cc v tr xc nh. Thc hin lnh Copy tng t lnh Move.

Command : Copy Hoc t Modify menu chn CopySelect objects Chn cc i tng cn sao chpSelect objects Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp

hay ENTER kt thc vic la chn.


46/111




Specify base point or displacement, Chn im chun bt k, kt hp vi ccor[Multiple]: phng thc truy bt im hoc nhp khong

di.Specify second point of displacement or :Chn v tr ca cc i tng sao chp, c th dng phm chn kt hp vi cc phng thc

truy bt im hoc nhp to tuyt i, tngi, cc tng i, direct distance, polartracking...

Multiple : Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, lachn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t nhmcc i tng c chn.

Select objects - Chn i tng cn sao chpSelect objects - Chn tip i tng hay ENTER.

- /Multiple: M-Base point - Chn im chun.Specify second point of displacement or - Chn im sao chp n

Specify second point of displacement or - Chn tip im sao chp n hoc ENTER

kt thc lnh

Ch (1) C th chn Base point v Second point l cc im bt k.

(2) Chn cc im Base point v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy bt im.

(3) Ti dng nhc " Specify second point of displacement or " ta cth nhp to tng i, cc tng i, c th s dng Direct distance v Polar tracking.

(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di.

3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO)

Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng c chn chung quanh 1 im chun (basepoint) gi l tm quay. y l 1 trong nhng lnh chnh hnh quan trng.

Command : Rotate Hoc t Modify menu chn RotateSelect objects - Chn i tng cn quaySelect objects - Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt thc

vic la chn.Select base point - Chn tm quaySpecify rotation angle or [Reference] - Chn gc quay hoc nhp R nhp gc tham

chiu Reference. Nu nhp R ti dng nhccui s lm xut hin:

Specify the reference angle - Gc tham chiuSpecify the new angle - Gi tr gc mi


47/111




4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC)

Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo 1 t lnht nh (php bin i t l)

Command : Scale Hoc t Modify menu chn ScaleSelect objects Chn i tng cn thay i t l.Select objects Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt thc

vic la chn.Specify base point Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i

t lSpecify scale factor or [Reference] Nhp h s t l hay nhp R

Reference Nu nhp R s xut hin dng nhc:

Specify reference length Nhp chiu di tham chiu, c th truy bt 2im A v B nh chiu di

Specify new length Nhp chiu di mi hoc bt im C

5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)

Lnh Mirror dng to cc i tng mi i xng vi cc i tng c chn qua 1 trc,

trc ny c gi l trc i xng (mirror line). Ni mt cch khc, lnh Mirror l php quay cci tng c chn trong 1 khng gian chung quanh trc i xng mt gc 1800

Command : Mirror Hoc t Modify menu chn Mirror. Select objects Chn cc i tng thc hin php i xng.. Select objects ENTER kt thc vic la chn.. Specify first point of mirror line Chn im th nht P1 ca trc i xng. Specify second point of mirror line Chn im th hai P2 ca trc i xng. Delete source objects? [Yes/No] Xo i tng c chn hay khng? Nhp N

nu khng mun xo i tng chn, nhp Ynu mun xo i tng chn. Nu mun hnh

i xng ca cc dng ch khng b ngc thtrc khi thc hin lnh Mirror ta gn binMIRRTEXT = 0 (gi tr mc nh MIRRTEXT= 1)

6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)

Lnh Stretch dng di v ko gin cc i tng. Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cci tng. Cc i tng l on thng c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra hoc ngn


48/111


49/111




. Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] Ti dng nhc ny ta chn P sao chp: P chung quanh mt tm.

. Specify center point of array or [Base]: Chn tm cc i tng quay xungquanh

. Enter the number of items in the array: 5 Nhp s cc bn sao chp ra

. Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw,-=cw): Gc cho cc i tng sao chp ra c th

m hoc dng.. Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] : C quay cc i tng khi sao chp

khng

Ch :Nu ta nhp lnh AR ti dng Command m khng c du tr ng trc th xut hin cc hp thoisau.a.Hp thoi Rectangular Array

b. Hp thoi Porla Array


50/111


51/111




-Gn dng ng cho lp :Chn lp cn thay i hoc gn dng ng. Nhn vo tn dng ng ca lp ( ct Linetype) khi s xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype (hnh sau) sau chn dng ng mong mun sau nhnnt OK.

u tin trn bn v ch c mt dng ng duy nht l CONTINUOUS s dng cc dngng khc trong bn v ta nhn vo nt LOAD... trn hp thoi Select Linetype. Khi xut hinhp thoi Load or Reload Linetype sau ta chn cc dng ng cn dng v nhn nt OK. Sau dng ng va chn s c ti vo hp thoi Select Linetype

Gn chiu rng nt v:Gn chiu rng nt cho tng lp theo trnh t sau.

Trong hp thoi to lp ta nhn vo ct LineWeight ca lp s xut hin hp thoi LineWeight (hnh sau) . Sau tachn rng nt cn gn cho lp cui cng nhn OK

Gn lp hin hnh:Ta chn lp v nhn nt Current. Lc ny bn phi

dng Current Layer ca hp thoi Layer Properties Managers xut hin tn lp hin hnh m ta va chn. Nu mt lp l

hin hnh th cc i tng mi c to trn lp ny s ccc tnh cht ca lp ny


52/111




-Thay i trng thi ca lpTt m(ON/OFF) ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi ON/OFF. Khi mt lp c tt th cc

i tng s khng hin trn mn hnh. Cc i tng ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu nhti dng nhc "Select objects" ca cc lnh hiu chnh ta dng la chn All chn i tng.

ng bng v lm tan bng (FREEZE/THAW) :Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi FREEZE/THAW. Cc i tng ca lp ng bng

khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chnh cc i tng ny ( Khng th chn cci tng trn lp b ng bng k c la chn All). Trong qu trnh ti hin bn v bng lnhRegen, Zoom....cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng tnh n v gip cho qu trnh ti hin cnhanh hn. Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng.

Kho lp (LOCK/UNLOCK)Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK i tng ca lp b kho s khng

hiu chnh c ( khng th chn ti dng nhc "Select objects" ) tuy nhin ta vn thy trn m nhnh v c th in chng ra c.

-Xo lp (DELETE) :Ta c th d dng xo lp a to ra bng cch chn lp v nhn vo nt Delete. Tuy nhin

trong mt s trng hp lp c chn khng xo c m s c thng bo khng xo c nh lp0 hoc cc lp bn v tham kho ngoi v lp cha cc i tng bn v hin hnh.

- Ngoi ra ta c th thc hin cc lnh lin quan n tnh cht v trng thi ca lp bng thanh cngc Objects Properties c mc nh trong vng ho

2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype

Dng ng, mu v chiu rng nt v c th gn cho lp hoc cho cc i tng. Thngthng khi bt u bn v trn hp thoi ch c mt dng ng duy nht lContinuous. nhpdng ng ta s dng lnh Linetype hoc vo menu Format\ LineType... xut hin hp thoiLinetype Manager v chn nt Load nh trong khi to lp ta gn dng ng cho mt lp no .


53/111


54/111


55/111




b. Trang Gradient

One Color:Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trong gia bng v mu nn sng ca mt mu. Khi

One Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse v thanh trt Shade and Tint(bin GFCLRSTATE)

Two Color:Xc nh vng t s dng s bin i trn gia bng v mu nn sng ca hai mu. Khi

Two Color c chn, AutoCAD hin th mu mu vi nt Browse cho mu 1 v mu 2 (binGFCLRSTATE)

Centered :Xc nh cu hnh gradient i xng. Nu thnh phn ny khng c chn, vng ph

gradient thay i v pha tri, to ngun sng o pha tri ca i tng (bin GFSHIFT)

Angle:

Xc nh gc ca vng t gradient. Gc xc nh quan h vi UCS hin hnh. La chn ny phthuc vo gc ca mu mt ct (bin GFANG)

3. Lnh hiu chnh mt ct HatchEdit

Cho php ta hiu chnh mt ct lin kt. Ta c th nhp lnh hoc nhp p chut ti itng cn thay i sau s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit cho ta hiu chnh.

Tng t nh hp thoi Hacth Gradient ta chn cc thng s cn thay i sau nhn ntOK hon tt cng vic.


56/111




XI. Nhp v hiu chnh vn bn

1. Trnh t nhp v hiu chnh vn bn

nhp v hiu chnh vn bn ta tin hnh theo ba bc sau

-To cc kiu ch cho bn v bng lnh Style- Nhp dng ch bng lnh Text hoc on vn bn bng lnh Mtext-Hiu chnh ni dung bng lnh Ddedit ( hoch nhp p chut)- Sau khi to cc kiu ch (text Style) ta tin hnh nhp cc dng ch. Lnh Text dng nhp cc dng ch trn bn v, lnh Mtext cho php ta nhp on vn bn trn bn v clm trong khung hnh ch nht nh trc. Dng ch trong bn v l mt i tng nhLine,Circle... Do ta c th dng cc lnh sao chp v bin i hnh i vi dng ch. V dngch trong bn v l mt i tng ho vy trong mt bn v c nhiu dng ch s lmchm i qu trnh th hin bn v cng nhkhi in bn v ra giy.

2. To kiu ch lnh Style (ST)hoc vo menu Format \ TextStyle

Sau khi vo lnh s xut hin hp thoi sau.

Ta c th xem kiu ch va to ti Preview. C th thay i tn v xo kiu ch bng ccnt Rename v Delete. Sau khi to mt kiu ch ta nhp nt Apply to kiu ch khc hoc munkt thc lnh ta nhp nt Close. Kiu ch c th c ng nhiu ni khc nhau.


57/111




3. Lnh nhp dng ch vo bn v Text

Lnh text cho php ta nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v. Trong mt lnh Text ta c thnhp nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau v cc dng ch s xut hin trn mn hnh khi tanhp t bn phm.

Command: Text. Current text style: "Viet" Text height: - Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao. Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style] - Chn im cn l tri dng ch hoc

nhp tham s S nhp kiu ch ta vato trn.

+ Style name (or ?): ( sau khi nhp S ta nhp tn kiu ch ti

dng nhc ny). Specify height - Nhp chiu cao ch. Specify Rotation Angle of Text - Nhp nghing ca ch

- Enter Text: -Nhp dng ch hoc Enter kt thc lnh

4. Lnh TextFill t en ch hoc khng t en.

Tu vo gi tr ca bin TEXTFILL cc ch c c t hay l ch xut hin cc ng vin.Nu bin TEXTFILL l ON (1) th ch c t v ngc li .

Command: TextFill- Enter new value for TEXTFILL : - Nhp gi tr mi cho bit l 0 hoc l 1

5. Lnh nhp on vn bn Mtext (MT)

Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung hnh ch

nht. on vn bn l mt i tng ca AUTOCAD

Command: MT. Current text style: "Viet" Text height: - Th hin kiu ch hin ti v chiu cao. Specify first corner: - im gc th nht on vn bn

Specify opposite corner or....... - im gc i din on vn bn

Sau xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting. Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn nhccphn mm vn bn khc.


58/111




Ta c th nhp dng ch trc sau bi en v thay i cc thuc tnh ca dng ch nhFONT ch v c ch, ch m, nghing, ch gch chn, mu ch.......

6. Lnh hiu chnh vn bn DDedit (ED)

Lnh DDedit cho php ta thay i ni dung dng ch v cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Ta c thgi lnh hoc nhp o chut vo dng ch cn hiu chnh.Nu dng ch chn c to bi lnh Tetx s xut hin hp thoi Edit Text cho php hiu chnh nidung dng ch.

Nu i tng chn c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting sau

ta thay i cc thng s cn thit v nhn nt OK.7. Lnh QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn

Vic th hin vn bn trn mn hnh thng chim nhiu thi gian v mi mt k t l mti tng v phc tp c to thnh t nhiu ng thng hoc cung trn. tit kim thi gian,trong trng hp khng cn phi c cc ch gii th hin trn bn v bn c th dng lnh QTEXT.Do lnh ny cho php cc ch gii th hin trn bn v c th hin nhanh di dng khung hnhch nht m chiu di hnh ch nht l chiu di ca dng ch v chiu rng ca n l chiu cao cach, nn thi gian ti hin rt nhanh. Cch thc hin nhsau:

Command line: qtext

ON / OFF : Chn ON hoc OFFNu bn mun th hin cc ch gii di dng khung ch nht tit kim thi gian ti sinh

do s dng lnh REGEN th bn nh chOn. Ngc li, nu bn mun c cc ch gii th bn ttcng tc trn bng chOFF. Hnh bn l cc th hin ca hai ch ON vOFF ca lnh QTEXT

QTEXT OFF QTEXT ON


59/111




XII. Ghi v hiu chnh kch thc

1. Cc thnh phn kch thc

Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:

Dimension line (ng kch thc) :ng kch thc c gii hn hai u bi hai mi tn (gch cho hoc mt k hiu bt

k). Nu l kch thc thng th n vung gc vi cc ng ging, nu l kch thc gc th n lmt cung trn c tm nh gc. Trong trng hp ghi cc kch thc phn t i xng th ngkch thc c k qu trc i xng v khng v mi tn th hai. Khi tm cung trn ngoi giihn cn v th ng kch thc ca bn knh c v gy khc hoc ngt on v khng cn phixc nh tm.

Extension line (ng ging):Thng thng ng ging l cc ng thng vung gc vi ng kch thc. Tuy nhin,

bn c th hiu chnh n thnh xin gc vi ng kch thc. ng ging c ko di qu ngkch thc 1 on bng 2 n 3 ln chiu rng ng c bn. Hai ng ging ca cng mt kchthc phi song song nhau.

Dimension text (Ch s kch thc):Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng c ghi kch thc. Trong ch s kch thc c

th ghi dung sai (tolerance), nhp tin t (prefix), hu t (suffix) ca kch thc. Chiu cao ch skch thc trong cc bn v k thut l cc gi tr tiu chun. Thng thng, ch s kch thc nmtrong, nu khng ch n s nm ngoi. n v kch thc di theo h Mt l mm, trn bn vkhng cn ghi n v o. Nu dng n v di khc nhcentimt hoc mt th n v o c ghingay sau ch s kch thc hoc trong phn ch thch bn v.

Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho) :K hiu hai u ca ng kch thc, thng thng l mi tn, du nghing, chem. hay mt

khi (block) bt k do ta to nn. Trong AutoCAD 2007 c sn 20 dng mi tn. Hai mi tn cv pha trong gii hn ng kch thc. Nu khng ch chng c v pha ngoi. Cho php thayth hai mi tn i nhau bng mt chm m.

i vi kch thc bn knh v ng knh th kch thc c 4 thnh phn: ng kch thc,mi tn (gch cho), ch s kch thc v du tm (center mark) hoc ng tm (center line). Khi ta xem ng trn hoc cung trn l cc ng ging.

2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style

S dng lnh ny to kiu kch thc mi, hiu chnh kch thc c sn. Trn cc hpthoi c cc hnh nh minh ho khi thay i cc binSau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau


60/111




Cc mc trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager

. Style : Danh sch cc kiu kch thc c sn trong bn v hin hnh. Lits : Chn cch lit k cc kiu kch thc. SetCurent: Gn mt kiu kch thc ang chn lm hin hnh

. New...: To kiu kch thc mi lm xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension StyelSau ta t tn cho kiu kch thc sau chn Continue s xut hin hpthoi New Dimension Style v sau ta gn cc ch cho kiu kch thcmi ny.

. Modify...: Hiu chnh kch thc sn c. Override... Hin th hp thoi Override Dimension Style trong bn c th gn chngtm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc hin hnh. AutoCad ch gnchng khng ghi li trong danh sch Style

. Compare....: Lm hin th hp thoi Compare Dimension Style trong bn c th so snhga tr cc bin gia hai kiu kch thc hoc quan st tt c gi tr cc binca kiu kch thc.

a. To kiu kch thc mi : to kiu kch thc mi ta chn nt New khi xut hin hp thoi Create New DimensionStyle

- Khung New Style Name: t tn kiu kch thc mi-Khung Start With: C s ca kin kch thc mi V d ISO-25


61/111


62/111




gia tr bang 1,0 vi bang ve A4). Suppress: B cc ng ging.

b. Trang symbols and Arrows

-Arrowheads : Thit lp m tn ca ng kch thc. Fist : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th nht. Second : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th hai

. Leader: Dng m tn cho u ng dn dng ch thch

. Arrow size: ln ca u m tn (1,2ban ve A4)

-None, Mark, line : t kiu du tm v ng tm- Size : Kch thc du tm.

Chu y: Cac gia tr tren dung cho ban ve A4, A3 cac gia tr nay c cong them 0,5 choban ve A2; 1,0 cho ban ve A1,Ao..).Gia tr nay ch mang tnh tham khao, tuy theo yeu cau ngive ma co thong so hp ly.

c. Trang Text : Gip ta hiu chnh cc thng s cho ch s kch thc

-Text Appearance : iu chnh hnh dng v kch c ca ch kch thc. Text Style: Gn kiu ch c nh ngha sn.. Text Color: Gn mu cho ch kch thc.. Text Height: Gn chiu cao cho ch kch thc. (2,0 2,5 cho ban ve A4;

2,53,0 cho ban ve A3;3,03,5 cho ban ve A1,A0). Fraction height Scale: Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai kch thc v ch s

kch thc. Draw Frame Around Text: V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.

-Text Placement: iu kin ch s kch thc+ Vertical Position : iu kin ch s kch thc theo phng thng ng


63/111




Centered Ch s kch thc nm gia ng kch thcAbove V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng kch thcOutside V tr ch s kch thc nm v hng ng kch thc c

khong cch xa nht t im gc ng gingJIS V tr ng kch thc theo chun Nht bn

+ Horizontal Position : V tr ch s kch thc so vi ng kch thc v ngging. C 5 la chn sau.

Centered : Ch s kch thc nm dc theo ng kch thc v gia hai ng ging.TCVN chn Centered

1st Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th nht2nd Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th haiOver 1st ExtensionLine V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th nhtOver 2nd Extension Line V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th hai

+ Offset From Dimension Line: Khong cch gia ch s kch thc v ng kch thc theo tiuchun khong cch ny t 1 1,5 mm. (1,0 cho ban ve A4)

- Text Alignment : Hng ca ch s kch thc+ Horizontal: Ch s kch thc s nm ngang.

+ Aligned With Dimension Line: Ch s kch thc lun song song vi ng kch thc.

+ ISO Standard: Ch s kch thc s song song vi ng kch thc khi nm trong hai ngging v nm ngang khi nm ngoi hai ng ging.

d. Trang Fit : Kim tra v tr ch s kch thc, u m tn. ng dn v ng kch thc.

-Fit Option: Kim tra v tr ca ch s kch thc v ng kch thc nm trong hoc ngoi ccng ging da trn khong cch gia cc ng ging. Khi cho th AutoCad t ch s kch


64/111




thc v mi tn nm gia cc ng ging. Nu khng ch th v tr ca ch s kch thc vmi tn ph thuc vo cc la chn trong mc ny.+ Either the text or Arrows (Best Fits): V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nhsau.

* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm ngoi

ng ging.* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nmngoi ng ging.* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc hoc mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Arrows: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nhsau.

* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nmngoi ng ging.* Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Text: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nhsau.

* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm ngoi

ng ging.* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.

+ Both text and Arrows: Khi khng chc cho ch s khch thc v mi tn th c hai snm ngoi ng ging.

+ Always keep text between Ext Lines: Ch s kch thc lun nm trong hai ng ging.

+ Suppress Arrows if They Don't Fit Inside Extension lines: Khng xut hin m tn nukhng ch. Vi iu kin l ch s kch thc phi nm trong hai ng ging.

-Text Placement : Gn ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng khi v tr mc nh

+ Beside the Dimension line: Sp xp ch s bn cnh ng kch thc

+ Over the Dimension Line, with a leader: C mt ng dn ni gia ch s kch thc vng kch thc.

+ Over the Dimension Line, Wihtout a leader: Khng c ng dn ni gia ch s kchthc v ng kch thc..

-Scale for Dimension Features : Gn t l kch thc cho ton b bn v hoc t l trong khnggian v

+ Use Overall Scale of: Gn t l cho ton b cc bin ca kiu kch thc. T l ny khngthay i gi tr s ca ch s kch thc.

+ Scale Dimension to Layout (Paper Space) : Xc nh h s t l da trn t l gia khungnh hin hnh trong khng gian v v khng gian giy.

-Fine Tuning Option : Gn cc la chn FIT b xung.


65/111


66/111




+ Leading: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha ng trc ch s kch thc. V d 0.5000 ths him th .5000

+ Trailing: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha trong s cc s thp phn. V d 60.55000 shin th l 60.55

-Angular Dimensions : Gn dng hin hnh cho n v gc.. Units Format: Gn dng n v gc. Precision : Hin th v gn cc s thp c ngha cho n v gc. Zero Suppression: B qua cc s 0 khng c ngha

f. Trang Alternate Units: Gn cc n v lin kt, gn dng v chnh xc n v chiu di, gc,

kch th

c v

t l ca n v o lin kt.-Display Alternate Units: Thm n v o lin kt vo ch s kch thc.-Alternate Units: Hin th v gn dng n hin hnh cho tt c loi kch thc ngoi tr kch thcgc.

. Unit Format: Gn dng n v lin kt

. Precision : Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha

. Multiplier for Alternate Units: Ch nh h s chuyn i gia n v kch thc chnhv kch thc lin kt

. Round Distances To: Gn quy tc lm trn cho n v lin kt vi tt c cc

loi kch thc.. Prefix / Suffix; Gn tin t, hu t ca kch thc lin kt.-Zero Suppression: Kim tra b qua cc s 0 khng c ngha.


67/111




-Placement: nh v tr t cc kch thc lin kt.. After Primary Units : t ch s lin kt sau ch s kch thc. Befor Primary Units : t ch s lin kt di ch s kch thc

g. Trang Tolerance: iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai.

-Tolerance Format : iu khin hnh dng ca ch s dung sai.. None Khng thm vo sau ch s kch thc sai lch gii hn gi tr dung sai. Symmetrical Du xut hin trc cc gi tr sai lch gii hn. Khi sai lch gii hn

trn v di c gi tr tuyt i ging nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo Upper value

. Deviation Sai lch m v dng c gi tr khc nhau. Ta nhp gi tr sai lch dng voUpper Value v sai lch m vo Lower Value. Khi nhp du tr vo trc gi

tr ti Lower Value th sai lch di s c gi tr dng, tng t nhp du trvo Upper Value th sai lch trn c gi tr m

. Limits To nn cc kch thc gii hn, khi AutoCAD s hin th gi tr kchth c

gii hn ln nht v nh nht. Gi tr ln nht bng kch thc danh nghacng vi sai lch trn, gi tr nh nht bng kch thc danh ngha cng (tr)vi sai lch di

. Basic To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch skch thc n cc cnh ca khung ch nht bng gi tr bin DIMGAP.

-Precision: Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha

-Upper Value: Hin th v gn gii hn sai lch trn.-Lower Value: Hin th v gn gii hn sai lch di.


68/111




-Scaling for Height: T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch thc-Vertical Position: iu khin im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai i vi kch thc dung sai.-Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha i vi cc n v dung sai lin

kt..- Alternate Unit Tolerance: Gn chnh xc v quy tc b s 0 khng c ngha i vi cc n v

dung sai lin kt.. Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc. Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha

3. Cc lnh ghi kch thc thng

a. Lnh DimLinear (DLI) ghi kch thc ngang thng ng

Ghi kch thc thng nm ngang (Horizontal) hoc thng ng (Vertical) v nghing(Rotated). Khi ghi kch thc thng ta c th chn hai im gc ng ging hoc chn i tngcn ghi kch thc.

Command : DLI HocDimlinear- Specify first extension line origin or :

- Specify second extension line origin: - im gc

ng ging th hai- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thcText/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: hoc nhp to tng i


69/111




Dimension text = 120

Khong cch gia ng kch thc (Dimension line) v i tng cn ghi kch thc nmtrong khong 6-10mm.

a2. Phng php chn i tng o kch thc.

Ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Dimlinear (hoc Dimalign) ta nhn phm ENTER:

Command : DLI Hoc Dimlinear- Specify first extension line origin or : - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhn ENTER-Select object to dimension: - Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc.- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch

ThcText/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:

Tu thuc vo hng ko (hng ca si dy thun ko) ti dng nhc Specify dimension

line location or ta ghi cc kch thc thng khc nhau. Nu ko ngang th ta ghi kch thc thngng hoc ko ln hoc xung ta ghi kch thc ngang.

Cc la chn khc

RotatedLa chn ny ghi kch thc c ng kch thc nghing vi ng chun mt gc no .Command DLI Hoc Dimlinear. Specify first extension line origin or : - Bt im P1. Specify second extension line origin: - Bt im P2. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn tham s R

Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:R. Specify angle of dimension line : 60 - Nhp gc nghing v d l 600. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch

Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: thc

TextDng nhp ch s kch thc hoc cc k t trc (prefix) v sau (suffix) ch s kch thc:

. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s TText/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: T

. Dimension text : - Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER chn mc nh

MtextKhi nhp M vo dng nhc Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/ Angle/

Horizontal/ Vertaical/ Rotated]: s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting (tng t hp thoi khis dng lnh Mtext). Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp ch s kch thc, tin t (prefix), hu t(suffix) nhp cc k hiu, v d: , 0, ta nhp theo bng sau:


70/111




Anglenh gc nghing cho dng ch s kch thc so vi phng ngang. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s A

Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:A. Specify angle of dimension text: - Nhp gi tr gc nghing ch s kch thc

Horizontal

Ghi kch th c nm ngang, khi chn H xut hin dng nhc:. Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn v tr ng kch thc hoc s dng

Text/Angle]: cc la chn. Dimension text =

VerticalGhi kch thc thng ng, nhp V xut hin cc dng nhc tng t la chn Horizontal.

b. Lnh DimAligned (DAL) ghi kch thc theo ng nghing.

ng kch thc ghi bng lnh Dimaligned s song song vi on thng ni 2 im gcng ging.

b1. Ghi kch thc thngCommand : DAL HocDimaligned- Specify first extension line origin or :- Specify second extension line origin: - im gc ng ging th hai

- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thcText/Angle]: hoc nhp to tng i nh khong

cch

b2. Ghi kch thc cung v ng trn

ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn, ta thc hin nhsau:

Command : DAL Hoc Dimaligned- Specify first extension line origin or : - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn ENTER-Select object to dimension: - Chn ng trn, im chn nh v tr

2 ng ging.


71/111




Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/Angle]: TDimension text < >: - Nhp ch s kch thc, %%CSpecify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/Angle]: - Chn im nh v tr ng kch

Thc.

Sau khi ghi kch thc khng c k hiu , nhp k hiu ny ta s dng lnh Dimedit, la chnNew.La chn Mtext vAngle ca lnh Dimaligned tng t lnh Dimlinear.

c. Lnh DimBaseline (DBA) ghi kch thc // vi 1 kch thc c sn.

Khi ghi chui kch thc song song bng lnh Dimbaseline kch thc s ghi (kch thcthng, gc, to ) c cng ng ging th nht vi kch thc va ghi trc hoc kch thc snc trn bn v (gi l ng chun kch thc hoc chun thit k). Cc ng kch thc cch nhaumt khong c nh bi bin DIMDLI (theo TCVN ln hn 7mm) hoc nhp gi tr vo Baseline Spacing trn trang Lines and Arrows ca hp thoi New Dimension Styles hocOverride Current Style.

c1. Kch thc cng chun vi kch thc va ghi:

Nu ta ghi chui kch thc song song vi kch thc va ghi (kch thc P1P2) th tin hnh nh

sau:

Command : DBA Hoc Dimbaseline. Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : -Gc ng ging

th hai P3Dimension text = 70

. Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : -Gc ng gingth hai P4

. Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] -Tip tc chn gcng ging thhai P5:

. Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : -Tip tc chn gcng ging thhai P6

- Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : -Nhp phm ESChoc ENTER hailn

c2. Chn ng chun kch thc:

Nu mun chui kch thc song song vi mt kch thc c (khng phi l kch thcva ghi) th ti dng nhc u tin ta nhp ENTER.

Khi , dng nhc sau y s xut hin:


72/111




Command : DBA Hoc DimbaselineSpecify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] :

Select base dimension: - Chn

ng ging chun l

m

ng ging th nhtSpecify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : - Gc ng ging th hai P3

Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : - Gc ng ging th hai P4d. Lnh DimContinue (DCO) ghi chui kch thc ni tip vi mt kch thc c sn.

S dng lnh Dimcontinue ghi chui kch thc ni tip.

d1. Ni tip kch thc va ghi :ng ging th nht ca kch thc s ghi (kch thc thng, gc, to ) l ng ging

th hai ca kch thc va ghi trc .

Command : DCO Hoc DimcontinueSpecify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : Gc ng ging th hai P3Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : Gc ng ging th hai P4Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : Gc ng ging th hai P5Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : Gc ng ging th hai P6Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] : Nhn phm ESC kt thc lnh

Mun kt thc lnh ta s dng phm ESC hoc ENTER hai ln.

d2. Ni tip vi kch thc bt k :Nu mun ghi kch thc ni tip vi mt kch thc hin c trn bn v (khng phi l kch

thc va ghi) ti dng nhc u tin, ta nhp S hoc ENTER.

Khi dng nhc sau s xut hin:

Select continued dimension:Chn ng ging ca kch thc ghi lm ng ging th nhtCc dng nhc tip theo xut hin nhphn trn.

d3. Ghi chui kch thc gc ni tipTa thc hin nhsau:

Command : DAN Hoc Dimangular- Select arc, circle, line or : - Specify angle vertex: Chn nh gc, v d tm vng trn ln- Specify first angle endpoint: Xc nh im cui cnh th nht- Specify second angle endpoint: Xc nh im cui cnh th hai- Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ng cung kch thc

Command : DCO Hoc Dimcontinue


73/111




Specify a second extension line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P3[Undo/Select] :






Specify a second extension line origin or Nhn phm ESC kt thc lnh[Undo/Select] :

4. Cc lnh ghi kch thc hng tm

ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn (circle) hoc cung trn (arc) c gc tm lnhn 1800 dng lnh Dimdiameter, ghi kch thc bn knh cung trn c gc tm nh hn1800 ta s dng lnh Dimradius.

a. Lnh DimDiameter (DDI) ghi kch thc ng knh.

Lnh Dimdiameter dng ghi kch thc ng knh.

Command : DDI Hoc DimdiameterSelect arc or circle: Chn ng trn ti 1 im bt k.Specify dimension line location or [Mtext / V tr ca ng kch thc.Text/Angle]:

Khi ghi kch thc l hoc ng trn c ng knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch thcnm ngoi ng trn.

du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) khng xut hin th trc khi ghi

kch thc bn knh v ng knh ta nh bin DIMCEN = 0 hoc chn loi (Type) ca CenterMarks for Circles trn hp thoi New (Modify) Dimension Styles lNone.

La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimdiameter tng t nh cc la chn tronglnh Dimlinear.

b. Lnh DimRadius (DRA) ghi kch thc bn knh.

Lnh Dimradius dng ghi kch thc bn knh.

Command : DRA Hoc Dimradius


74/111




Select arc or circle: Chn cung trn ti 1 im bt k.Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ V tr ca ng kch thc.Text/Angle]:

Khi ghi kch thc cung trn c bn knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch thc nm ngoing trn.

La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimradius tng t nhcc la chn trong lnhDimlinear.

c. Lnh DimCenter (DCE) v ng tm hoc du tm.

Lnh Dimcenter v du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) ca ng trnhoc cung trn.

Command : DCE Hoc DimcenterSelect arc or circle: Chn cung hoc ng trn.Tu thuc vo bin DIMCEN khi s dng lnh Dimcenter s xut hin ng tm v du

tm hoc ch l du tm. Sau khi v ng tm ta phi thay i lp cho cc i tng va v sang lpng tm th dng ng tm mi xut hin.

5. Cc lnh ghi kch thc khc

a. Lnh DimAngular (DAN) ghi kch thc gc.

Lnh Dimangular dng ghi kch thc gc.

a1. Ghi kch thc gc gia hai on thng

Ghi kch thc gc gia hai on thng P1P2 v P1P3.Command : DAN Hoc DimangularSelect arc, circle, line or : Chn on thng th nht P1P2

Select second line: Chn on thng th hai P1P3Specify dimension arc line location or V tr ng kch thc[Mtext/Text/Angle]:

a2. Ghi kch thc gc qua 3 im

Ghi kch thc gc qua 3 im P1, P2 v P3.Command : DAN Hoc DimangularSelect arc, circle, line or : Angle Vertex: Chn im nh ca gcFirst angle endpoint: Xc nh im cui cnh th nht

Second angle endpoint: Xc nh im cui cnh th haiSpecify dimension arc line location or Chn v tr ng kch thc


75/111




[Mtext/Text/Angle]:La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimangular tng t nhcc la chn trong

lnh Dimlinear.

b. Lnh Leader ghi kch thc theo ng dn

Lnh Leader ghi ch thch cho ng dn, nh s v tr trong bn v lp Leader l mti tng bao gm u mi tn gn vi cc phn on l ng thng hoc ng spline. Ngoi ra,c mt on thng nh ngang nm di dng ch m t. Nu kch thc l lin kt (binDIMASSOC = ON) th im bt u ca leader s lin kt vi mt v tr ca i tng. Nu itng hnh hc thay i v tr th mi tn ca leader s lin kt vi i tng v cc ng dn sko gin ra, cc dng ch thch vn nm trn v tr c.

Command : LeaderSpecify leader start point: im dn u tin P1Specify next point: im dn k tip P2Specify next point: im dn k tip P3 hoc ENTERSpecify next point or [Annotation/Format/ Nhp dng ch hocENTER

Undo] :Enter first line of annotation text or Nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER

:Enter next line of annotation text: Tip tc nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER

kt thc lnh.

Lc ny xut hin hp thoi Edit Mtext cho php ta nhp ch s kch thc vo. Ti dngnhc Specify leader start point ta s dng phng thc bt im NEArest. Nu ti dng nhcAnnotation ta nhn phm ENTER th cc dng nhc sau s xut hin:

Command : LeaderSpecify leader start point: im dn u tin P1Specify next point: im dn k tip P2Specify next point: im dn k tip hoc ENTERSpecify next point or [Annotation/Format/

Undo] : Enter first line of annotation text or Nhp ENTER hoc nhp dng ch:Enter an annotation option [Tolerance/Copy/ Nhp ENTER hoc s dng cc la chn

Block/None/Mtext] :

Cc la chnFormat

La chn ny xut hin dng nhc:Enter leader format option [Spline/STraight/Arrow/None]:Spline/STraight ng dn c th l ng cong (Spline) hoc ng thng (STraight)Arrow/None u ng dn xut hin mi tn (Arrow) hoc khng c mi tn (None)

Annotation :La chn ny cho php nhp dng ch s kch thc hoc dng ch vo.


76/111




Mtext: Lm xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting cho php ta nhp vn bn vo.Tolerance: Cho php ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr bng hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (tham

kho thm lnh Tolerance)

CopySao chp mt i tng l dng ch (nhp bng lnh Text, Dtext hoc Mtext) vo u ng

dn. Dng ch ny s lin kt vi kch thc ghi. Khi nhp C s xut hin:Select an object to copy: Chn dng ch cn sao chp.

Block: Chn mt block vo u ng dn. Khi nhp B:Enter block name or [?]:

None: Khng c ch thch ti u ng dn.Undo :Hu b mt nh va chn trong lnh Leader.

6. Lnh hiu chnh kch thc

a. Lnh Dimtedit thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc.

Lnh Dimtedit cho php ta thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc ca mt kchThc lin kt.

Command : DimteditSelect Dimension: - Chn kch thc cn hiu chnhSpecify new location for dimension text or - Di ch s kch thc n v tr cn thit[Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]: hoc chn L, R, C, H, A

Ti dng nhc Specify new location for dimension text or [Left /Right /Center/ Home/Angle]: ta di v tr ch s kch thc n v tr cn thit (lc ng kch thc v ng gingthay i theo) hoc chn mt trong cc la chn.

Cc la chnLeft : Kch thc c di sang tri.Right : Kch thc c di sang phi.Home: Kch thc v tr ban u khi ghi kch thcCenter : t v tr ch s kch thc nm gia ng kch thc.Angle: Quay ch s kch thc, ti dng nhc cui cng khi nhp A:Enter text angle: Nhp gc quay cho ch s kch thc.

b. Lnh DimEdit (DED) hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s kch thc.

Lnh Dimedit dng thay i ch s kch thc ca kch thc ang hin th trnmn hnh v nghing ca ng ging.

Command : DED Hoc DimeditEnter type of dimension editing [Home/New/ Rotate/Oblique] :


77/111




Cc la chnHome:

a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc. Khi nhp H, xut hindng nhc: Select object: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh

NewThay i ch s kch thc cho kch thc ghi. Khi nhp N ti dng nhc cui cng s

xut hin hp thoi Multiline Edit Mtext v ta nhp ch s kch thc mi vo. Dng nhc sau sxut hin:

Select object: Chn kch thc cn thay i ch s kch thc. hiu chnh gi tr ch s kch thc ta c th s dng lnh Ddedit.

RotateTng t la chn Angle ca lnh DimtEdit

OBLiqueTo cc ng gc xin (gc nghing ng ging vi ng kch thc). S dng la chnOblique ghi kch thc hnh chiu trc o trong bn v 2D. Khi nhp O s xut hin dngnhc:Select objects: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh

Select objects: Chn tip kch thc cn hiu chnh hoc ENTER kt thc vic la chnEnter oblique angle (press ENTER for none): Gi tr gc nghing so vi ng chun.


78/111




XIII. To khi v ghi khi.

1. Lnh to khi Block

Sau khi s dng cc phng php to mt hnh hnh hc, ta s dng lnh Block hoc nhmchng li thnh mt i tng duy nht gi lblock. Block l tham kho bn trong bn v, Bn cth s dng cc phng php sau to block:

- Kt hp cc i tng to nh ngha block trong bn v hin hnh ca bn.-To file bn v v sau chn chng nh l mt block trong bn v khc.

To file bn v vi vi nh ngha block lin quan nhau phc v nh mt th vin block.Mt block c th bao gm cc i tng c v trn nhiu lp khc nhau vi cc tnh cht mu,dng ng v t l ng ging nhau.

Mc d mt block lun lun c chn trn lp hin hnh, mt tham kho block vn gi

thng tin v cc tnh cht lp, mu v dng ng ban u ca i tng m nhng tnh cht ny ctrong block. Bn c th kim tra cc i tng c gi cc tnh cht ban u hoc tha hng cc tnhcht t cc thit lp lp hin hnh hay khng.

a.Lnh Block

Khi thc hin lnh Block s xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition. lm xut hin ccdng nhc nhcc phin bn trc ta thc hin lnh Block.

Command : Block Hoc t Draw menu chn Block>MakeKhi xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition.


79/111



GIAO TRNH AUTO CAD 2007_ bien soan :

Documents

GIAO_TRINH_AUTOCAD_2007_FULL_ok