. H thng Cabling2. H thng sn nng3. H thng my lnh4. H thng ngun5. H thng bo chy, cha chy6. H thng chng st7. H thng an ninh8. Switching v routing9. Firewall10. Loadbland (inbound and outbound)11. Server

1. H thng Cable c cu trc.

Lm g th lm cc bn phi m bo l h thng cable m mnh thit k h tr a dch v, k c quang ln ng. Ni cho n gin l ci g chy trn cable ng xon i u chy c trn h thng cable m ta thit k.

thit k 1 h thng cable chng ta cn nhng thng tin g ?v lm nh th no ?

- Lm vic vi ch u t, xin ci info ca hng mc CNTT c th bc phi nm c l ch u t mun g v chi bao nhiu obama cho ci hng mc ny.

- Lm vic vi BQL d n xy dng xin h ci file CAD mt bng, ni tht, quy hoch cc phng chc nng ...

- Lm vic tip vi ch u t xem ci phng no l ci phng Server Room, cn c vo ci s chc nng hay ci thuyn minh ca bn kin trc xc nh mnh cn bao nhiu port mng cho tng phng, v tr n u. Xong ci ny bc s bit c mnh c bao nhiu node mng.

- Khi bit c bao nhiu node mng, bc cn c vo ci bn v mt bng xc nh xem mnh cn bao nhiu Cable. Chiu di ti a l bao nhiu.

- Xong phn ny bc s ln c BOM thit b (Cabling) Tu theo gii php (Patch panel truyn thng hay connecting block .. ) s c s lng thit b tng ng nh: S lng FacePlate l bao nhiu ? Patch Panel l bao nhiu ? Patch cord l bao nhiu ? Connector l bao nhiu ? ..... v nhiu th khc .

- Xong phn ny chng ta chuyn qua phn vt t thi cng. Bc c th chn i m sn hay trn trn tu nhng khuyn khch l trn trn nh tr nhng ch bt buc phi i m sn.

- Xong phn phng php thi cng bc s phi tnh c cn bao nhiu ng, m, trunking, bng keo, dy rt .....

Tnh xong ci ng ny lm 1 ci list cho xp xem ri mi cc cng ty thi cng cho gi. Xong xt duyt k xot xot, onh du ci bp th chuyn sang phn thng tho hp ng. K xong hp ng chuyn tin ri th vc ci balo lang thang cng trnh xem ngi ta lm. Ch no sai th bt lm li nu khng lm li th min k nghim thu nh he he.

Cui cng sau khi hon tt ri th Test report nghim thu cho ngi ta.

* Cch tnh ton khi lng thit b.

Vic tnh ton khi lng thit b, vt t thi cng ca h thng cable ph thuc rt nhiu vo m hnh m chng ta thit k.

2 M hnh thng c dng nhiu nhtt trong vic thit k h thng mng cable c cu trc.

Mnh khng gii thich nhiu, cc bn nhn hnh s hiu

- M Hnh Thit K Phn Tn - DNA - Distributed Network Architecture

- Dng cho cc ta nh ln v khu campus Da trn tiu chun thit k ca TIA/EIA & ISO Gim s lng cp quang trc chnh Tng thi gian v chi ph qun l Khng tn dng hiu qu cc cng trn switch

- M Hnh Thit K Tp Trung - CNA - Centralized Network Architecture

Gim thi gian v chi ph qun l Tn dng ht kh nng ca cc cng trn switch Da trn tiu chun TIA/EIA TSB-72 Gim khng gian cho cc Telecommunications closet D di di h thng cp Gim im h hng trn switch Chi ph lp t ban u cao

y ti ch bn n h thng thit k theo kiu CNA, vi kiu thit k ny ti thng hay s dng phng php u ni nh sau:

Quay li vn bc vt t:

Cn c vo bn v chng ta c khi lng cable thi cng, vy tnh nh th no cho : ???

Chiu cao ca tng 2 u; 1 u ti v tr outlet v 1 u ti v tr t rack, 5 mt mi u. 1 si tng 10 mt.

Khong cch cp d ti thiu ti t chng 3 5 mt; khong cch cp d ti thiu ti outlet 1 2 mt.

Hao cp trong qu trnh thi cng, cp d cn li trong thng khng thi cng li c v khng thi cng cho cc ng cp khc.

Nhn hao ht thi cng 20%.

Xong ta c khi lng cable

Tip theo my th khc ta cn c vo s lng node mng trong thit k v phng php u ni

Trong trng hp ti dng phng php u ni lVoice - Databakup

Cn 24 node mng, trong 12 port chy voice v 12 port chy DATA vy ta cn g ?

1. 12 ci faceplate 2 port2. 24 ci Modular Jack3. 1 ci patch panel 24 cho Data4. 1 ci patch panel 24 port cho voice5. 12 ci m6. 24 si patch code cho Data7. 24 si patch code cho voiceC th tnh theo s lng thc t, ring phn patch cable ch mua nhiu mu cho d phn bit.

VD: Mu vng cho DATA, Mu xanh cho Voice, Mu cho thit b (trunk switch .... ) Kinh nghim ca mnh l chn Data mu vng nhn rt l p hi hi

Phn vt t thi cng (ng, trunking ....) cn c vo bn v m tnh, nhng ci ny i hi cht kinh nghim v thi cng nn tt nht l nh my ch thit k M&E bc khi lngTip theo phn Cable

Mnh xin a ra cc hng v nhng c im chung ca tng loi mi ngi d hnh dung. Mnh ch cp n Cable UTP 5 v 6

Cc hng cable c th mua trn th trng

1. AMP, Krone (TE) - Quang Dng, Nhn Sinh Phc, ADC phn phi2. Panduit - Nht vit JSC, Sao Bc u Phn phi3. SYSTIMAX - QD Tek4. Netxans - U&M5. Clipsal6. Belden7. Nhiu loi na ...

Vic la chn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nhng quan trng nht vn l chi ph u t. Hng bnh dn th AMP, Krone, Netxans cao cp yu cu cao th Belden, sixtymax, panduit.

Khi la chn 1 hng cable no cho d n th nn chn ton b thit b u ni ca hng .

- Cu Trc Cp xon i Unshielded & Screened

Rut bng dy dn cng (solid) hoc mm (stranded) 24 22 AWG (American Wire Gauge)

Lp bc cch in dy dn

Lp v ngoi bng nha do: PVC (non-plenum),LSZH, & FEB (plenum)

Cp FTP (Foil Twisted Pair) c thm lp l kim loi (foil); cp Sc/FTP (Screened/Foil Twisted Pair) c thm lp l kim loi (foil) v lp li bn bc cci. C 2 u c dy tip t.

Xp Loi V Cp CM, CMR, CMP

CM (Communication Metallic) Cp CM grade thng c lm patch cord v i cp ngang trong cng mt tng (khng dng trong cc ng dng riser hay plenum)

CMR (Communication Metallic Riser) - Cp CMR grade dng trong cc ng dng riser, cp xuyn tng theo ng trc ng, ngn la xut hin 1 tng s khng lan sang tng pha trn.

CMP (Communication Metallic Plenum) Cp CMP grade dng trong ng dng plenum hay c th c i trc tip trong plenum khng cn ng. Mc tiu chnh ca cp CMP l gii hn lan truyn ngn la v gim thiu phn ln lng khi cho php cc nn nhn v ngi cha chy c th thy cc chi tit trong ta nh nh ng thot, cu dao in,..

Xp Loi V Cp LSZH

Cp non-halogen c cc tn chung nh sau:

LS0H Low Smoke Zero Halogen (t khi Khng c kh c)

LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen

HFFR Halogen Free Fire Retardant

FRZH Fire Retardant Zero Halogen

LSFRZH Low Smoke Fire Retardant Zero Halogen

Mi tn gi nh trn nhm ch cng mt loi cp, l low smoke zero halogen cable (LSZH).

Cp LSZH thng c s dng trong cc ng dng trong nh nhng cng c th ng dng ngoi tri vi kh nng ngn m v nc gi l cp ULSZH (Universal LSZH).

** Cn c v ng dng v mc ch s dng c th la chn cable cho ph hp.

Cch phn bit cable gi AMP (AMP d b gi nht so vi cc loi khc v thng hiu n qu ni ting)

Tham kho ti y:http://www.ampnetconnect.com.vn/newte/index.php?menu=3&type=3

Ni tht l vic kim tra TAG ca tng thng cable rt l mt thi gian, i vi nhng h thng c khi lng cable nh th khng sao nhng c vi trm thng s l 1 vn ln.

Quan trng nht l mua ti nhng n v cung cp uy tn, khi mua nh i ci CO / CQ (chng t nhp khu)

Tm hiu v cable quang

Bi vit c kt t kinh nghim bn thn qua cc d n thi cng cp quang v qu trnh nghin cu v cp quang. Mong rng c th h tr cc bn trong khu chn la thit b, gii php ph hp.

Si quang l nhng dy nh v do truyn cc nh sng nhn thy c v cc tia hng ngoi. Chng c 3 lp:li (core), o (cladding) v v bc (coating)

nh sng c th phn x mt cch hon ton trong li th chit sut ca li ln hn chit sut ca o mt cht.

V bc pha ngoi o bo v si quang khi b m v n mn, ng thi chng xuyn m vi cc si i bn cnh.

Li v o c lm bng thu tinh hay, cht do (Silica), kim loi, fluor, si quang kt tinh). Chng c phn loi thnh cc loi si quang n mode Single Mode (SM) v a mode Multimode (MM) tng ng vi s lng mode ca nh sng truyn qua si quang. Mode sng l mt trng thi truyn n nh ca sng nh sng (cng c th hiu mt mode l mt tia).

Theo Mode th c: SM v MM (MM c 2 loi: 62.5 v 50).

Theo mi trng lp t th c Outdoor v Indoor.

Outdoor li chia ra thnh cc loi: F8 v Underground

Single Mode (SM) v Multi Mode (MM)

- Si SM ch truyn c mt mode sng do ng knh li rt nh (khong 10 micromet). Do ch truyn mt mode sng nn SM khng b nh hng bi hin tng tn sc v thc t SM thng t c s dng hn so vi MM.

- Si MM c ng knh li ln hn SM (khong 6-8 ln), c th truyn c nhiu mode sng trong li.

Ngoi ra chng cn c phn loi thnh si quang c ch s bc v ch s lp tu theo hnh dng v chit sut ca cc phn ca li si quang.

Khong cch gia 2 thit b u ni bng cp quang khng quy nh c th l bao nhiu km.

Khong cch gia 2 thit b cn c vo tnh ton suy hao ton tuyn, cng sut pht, nhy thu v cng sut d phng ca thit b.

Thng thng mi thit b u c khuyn co chy c ly nht nh, tuy nhin ch l tnh tng i thi.

Chun bc sng cho thit b chy SM v MM c khc nhau:

MM c cc bc sng chun l: 780, 850 v 1300. Hin nay cc thit b t dng bc sng 780.

SM c cc bc sng: 1310, 1550, 1627. Hin nay cc thit b SM dng cng ngh DWM th cn c th s dng nhiu bc sng khc na.

a phn cp quang single mode ch dng cho ng trc, ngoi vic gi thnh, cng ngh ca cp single mode rt khc khe, v rt kh trong vic thi cng cng nh s dng. L do: lp li ca cp single mode rt nh (khong 27 Micromet), cn ca multi mode thi ln hn rt nhiu (khong 130 Micromet). Ngoi ra, do kt cu li single mode cho nh sng i theo ng thng, m gi thnh ch to, cng nh chnh xc trong thi cng, thit b cng ngh cao... lm cho cp Single Mode kh thc hin trong cc cng trnh dn s.

Cn vic phn bit: ch yu l do ng i ca nh sng truyn trong li (m nguyn nhn l do kt cu ca li)

Trong Single mode, nh sng i theo gn nh mt ng thng trng vi trc cp, cn trong Multi Mode, nh sng i theo mt chm tia sng c dng hnh Sin ng trc (v th m ta c th ghp thm nhiu nh sng c cc bc sng khc nhau).

V thng s vt l:

ng knh li si (phn truyn tin):

Core:SM: 9/125MM: 50/125 v 62.5/125.

ng knh v phn x:

Cladding th c SM v MM u nh nhau l 125um.

V Coating th ty thuc vo dc tnh cn bo v m ngi ta lm lp ny, tuy nhin thng thng i vi cp Outdoor th n l 250, vi cp Indoor th n l 900, iu ny khng ph thuc vo n la cp SM hay MM.

V s dng th ty thuc vo cng sut pht, nhy thu, khong cch truyn dn, tc yu cu v gi thnh m ngi ta quyt nh dng SM hoc MM.

Cc loi Connector ca cp quang:

Single Mode (SM)

Multi Mode (MM)

Vic chn la Connector ph thuc vo vic chn la ODF Quang ( l t c nh v tr u ni ca si quang ) v kiu Modular trn thit b Switch hoc Converter.

ODF quang

Optical fiber adapter

Thit b chuyn i tn hiu cp Quang sang cp ng

K thut mi u Connector cp quang:

Ly u Connector gn vo si quang ri mi cho phng u. C nhiu loi u connector ca cc hng khc nhau nhung VN th ch yu l u connector AMP thi, loi u ny khng cn dng keo gn m n c kho si trong. Thi cng theo k thut ny th n gin nhng suy hao cao do lm th cng v chi ph sa cha v x l s c cp bng chi ph lm ban u do cc u Connector ch dng c 1 ln duy nht.

K thut hn ni bng h quang

Dng my hn cp quang chuyn dng hn mt si dy ni vo cp, dy ni l loi dy c 1 u Connector gn sn ri ( patch cord quang)

K thut ny c nhc im l t ngi lm v chi ph u t my kh cao (khong 12K USD/ si ) nhng u im ca n l chi ph sa cha v x l s c kh r do dy ni c th s dng nhiu ln (mi si dy ni di trung bnh 2,5 mt. Mi ln x l phi ct i 3 cm).

Bi vit ca:Nguyn Thng Triu -www.iis.vn

Cc vn cn lu khi la chn cp quang cho h thng

1. Xc nh yu cu v mi trng.

Vt l v mi trng l yu t u tin cn c lu trc tin. Mi trng y l nhit , m, Vt l chnh l rung v ti trng ca cp,

Cp quang s dng trong nh ph hp vi tiu chun chng chy c t lp bo v vt l nn c th linh hot hn trong vic thi cng lp t (v Indoor).

Cp quang s dng ngoi tri c lp UV chu c nhng iu kin khc nghit nh nhit , m, bi, Loi cp ny c thit k vi nhiu lp bo v vt l (v Outdoor).

Cp quang chn trc tip c thm vng thp qun bn trong tng tnh chu lc cho cp. Tng kh nng chu va p v bo v khi ng vt gm nhm.

2. Xc nh yu cu v ng dng v khong cch truyn dn.

Cp quang s c s dng cho ng dng no? ng dng yu cu tc 100Mbps, 1Gbps hay 10Gbps Khong cch truyn dn gia cc kt ni l bao nhiu? Ty thuc vo khong cch kt ni v tc m ta c th chn c loi cp quang ph hp. Bng sau m t cc ng dng v loi cp quang tng ng.

Trong : OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 l cp Multimode, OS1 l cp Singlemode

Single Mode : Cp quang Singlemode (SM) c ng knh core kh nh khong 9m, s dng ngun pht laser truyn tia sng xuyn sut v vy tn hiu t b suy hao v c tc kh ln. SM thng hot ng 2 bc sng (wavelength) 1310nm hoc 1550nm thng s dng cho nhng ng dng tc cao v khong cch kt ni ln ln n vi chc km.

Multimode: Cp quang Multimode (MM) c ng knh core khong 50m, 62.5m. MM s dng ngun sng LED (Light Emitting Diode) hoc laser truyn tia sng v thng hot ng 2 bc sng 850nm, 1300nm. MM c khong cch kt ni v tc truyn dn nh hn SM.

3. S lng si quang cn s dng.

S lng si quang trong cp quang thng dao ng t 1 n 144 si, ta c th chn: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144 si. Thng thng, chng ta nn chn loi cp quang c s si quang ln hn so vi nhu cu thc t s dng, mc ch d phng sau ny hoc do yu cu bng thng nhiu hn trong tng lai.

H thng cp quang c s dng rng ri trong nhiu mi trng khc nhau nh trong nh, ngoi tri, chn di t hoc thm ch trong cc v tinh khng gian. Do vic nm bt c cch phn loi cng nh nhu cu s dng v m rng mt cch chnh xc s gip ti u ha hiu qu u t cho h thng kt ni cp cu trc h tng c bn nht ca bt k h thng mng.Phn cui cng ti xin ni n trong phn cabling l phn nh lable cho h thng cable.

V qui tc nh nhn ti cc khu vc u ni theo quy tc nh sau:

Dy Cat5e, Cat6, cp quang, multipair thoi sau khi ko, trc khi u vo ODF, patch panel, jack outlet, phin phi c s dy. S dy ny qun l 2 u khi cn tool, ko li khng lin quan n nhn.

Nhn ti outlet v patch panel cng 1 channel ging nhau ti 2 u

C 2 cch quy c t tn nhn ph bin:

Theo th t v s lng node data, voice trn 1 tng. Cch ny rt ph bin v d h thng KBNN TpHCM, HQ HDBank...

Theo tn phng ban chc nng v s lng data, voice trn 1 tng. Cch ny t n v s dng hn: Metro VN Cash&Carry, 1 s site NH Vit ...

Trng hp 1:

Dxx.yyy hay Txx.yyy

Trong :

D: node mng d liu

T: node in thoi

xx: v tr tng. Gi tr t 1 n n

yyy: v tr node mng/ thoi trong tng

V d: D11.123: node mng d liu th 123 trong tng 11

V d: T03.101: node thoi th 101 trong tng 3

Trng hp 2

Tn phng:k t A, B, C, D......tng ng vi phng Gim c, ph Gim c, K thut, u t....

Tn phng tng dn ti mi tng theo chiu kim ng h

Tn node :S tng-tn phng-s th t node trong phng

S th t node trong phng: tng dn ti mi phng theo chiu kim ng h

V d: 1-A-D01: node mng ti tng 1, phng A, node v tr 01.

Dn nhn patch cord:s th t tng dn, khng trng lp, 2 u ging nhau

Dn nhn port trn ODF 2 u theo qui c "Tng-Dy cp quang-Port duplex".

V d 2 dy cp quang 12 core ko t tng Hm (EF) n tng 4 (BD) sau khi hn ni vo ODF c 12 port duplex, t tn ti 2 ODF 2 u nh sau "04_01_01" n "04_01_06" v "04_02_01" n "04_02_06"

Dn nhn i vi phin thoi khng ging vi cc thnh phn patch panel, ODF do khng c khng gian ghi nhn m thng tin rt nhiu --> c 1 sheet hng dn v nhn cho IDF, MDF thoi ti cc v tr ny. Ni dung trn sheet

Tn IDF/MDF

S th t phin trn IDF/MDFS th t port trn phin: thng t 1 n 10Dy in: mu pair dy, t IDF/MDF/PABX no n, s CO nu c...Dy out: mu pair dy, t IDF/MDF/PABX no n, s extension/hot line nu c...

i vi h thng s dng phin Krone HighBand hay Data Center li c quy tc nh nhn c th khc.Mt vn na ca cable l nn hay khng nn dng Cable bm.

Ci ti mun ni y l Patch cord, thng thng trong 1 node mng tiu chun c 2 si, 1 u l Switch - Patch Panel - 1 u l PC - Outlet

V kin c nhn, ti khng khuyn khch s dng patch cord bm, mc d chng ta bm ng chun, p, ng k thut (test bng my DTX-1800 pass)

Ci c v ci mt khi s dng patch cord bm y l g

1. c- Chi ph thp- Cable i p v chiu di tng si chng ta quy nh c- D dng s dng nhng lable c sn m khng cn nhng my in nhn chuyn dng, ci my vi my ming decal ny t li.- Chiu di khng hn ch, thch nhiu th nhiu- Mu sc khng a dng

2. Mt- Chng ch bo hnh ca hng, tr hng netxans patch cord bm nhng vn c bo hnh v c report- Chi ph cao- Chiu di hn chTnh m thut ca h thng cable

Thi im hin ti, h thng cable ngoi vic thi cng ng tiu chun, ng k thut m con phi p. i vi nhng bn lm cng vic qun tr h thng th p khng c ngha g to ln lm, nhng i vi nhng anh em thi cng vic i cable p i hi 1 qu trnh tham gia trin khai mi lm c.

Cn khi i vo vn hnh, sau 1 thi gian h thng cable trong t n s thnh 1 ci mng nhn. Rt xu v kh qun l.

Vic i cable p hay xu s anh hng n level ca c nhn, hi hi ci ny khng ni ai cng bit c. Vy lm sao cho p, ci ny khng vit ra c nu c iu kin mnh s hng dn c th.

Mt vi hnh nh

Vi nhng hnh nh ny ti ngh khng qu kh thc hinLa chn kiu bm u cp mng theo T-568A hay T-568B

Mi ngi thng hay nhc n T-568A v T-568B. Vy T-568A v T-568B l g ? Chng c g khc nhau v nn la chn s dng T-568A hay T-568B ?

T-568A v T-568B l g ?

Da trn tiu chun TIA/EIA-568-B.1-2001, T-568A v T-568B l n xc nh s u dy ca cp ng i xon v u ni RJ-45 (modular plug) hoc cm mng (modular jack) to kt ni Ethernet.

Ty thuc vo s thch, vng min v cc d n sn c, bn c th la chn cch bm u cp mng theo T-568A hoc T-568B hay kt hp c 2 phng n trn trong mt s trng hp c bit.

im khc bit gia T-568A v T-568B ?

im khc bit duy nht gia T-568A v T-568B l i dy th hai (mu cam) v i dy th ba (mu xanh l) c hon i v tr cho nhau.

S kt hp gia T-568A v T-568B

h thng mng c th hot ng, hu ht chng ta thng dng cp thng c hai u ca on cp u c bm theo mt chun T-568A hoc T-568B. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp c bit khi kt ni 2 thit b cng loi vi nhau nh router vi router th chng ta phi s dng cp cho mt u cp c bm chun T-568A v u cn li c bm chun T-568B.

Vic s dng pha trn nhng on cp thng theo T-568A v T-568B trong cng mt h thng mng s khng sinh ra cc vn v li. Tuy nhin, cch ny s d dng to ra s nhm ln trong qu trnh thi cng v qun l v sau.

La chn kt ni theo T-568A hay T-568B

Bn cn nm bt mt s thng tin cn thit trc khi la chn bm u cp mng theo T-568A hay T-568B, bi v vic ny s nh hng rt nhiu n cc hot ng ca bn.

Nh mt quy lut chung, T-568A v T-568B khng nn c kt hp hoc i ch ln nhau. Thng thng chun T-568B c la chn cho cc h thng mng mi sau ny.

Nu trong d n qui nh T-568A hay T-568B, bn nn s dng phng php bm u cp mng theo ng ch nh.

Trong trng hp cn m rng mt c s h tng mng ang hot ng, bn cn ch tm hiu chun bm u cp mng no ang c s dng (thng qua cc h s hoc kim tra cp) v tip tc tin hnh theo tiu chun .

iu g s xy ra nu bn bm u cp khng tun theo tiu chun no ?

y l iu rt khng nn. Bi v cc tiu chun a ra u tri qua nh gi v nghin cu ca cc n v sn xut, cc nh nghin cu, ngi tiu dng c c mt tiu chun chung nht, mang li hiu sut tt nht.

Bn s gp kh khn trong vic qun l h thng mng nu khng tun theo cc tiu chun.

Cht lng ca kt ni s khng c m bo v c kh nng b nhiu xuyn m cao.Nhng vn cn quan tm khi la chn t rack

Nhc ti h thng mng, chng ta ngay lp tc ngh n h thng cp v cc thit b mng nh router, switch, server, storage. Tuy nhin chng ta thng qun i mt thnh phn khc cng quan trng khng km l ni lp t v t chc cc thit b h tng vt l: t rack (Cabinet). Do vy, khi la chn t rack, ngi dng thng b st cc cc thng tin cn thit thng c cung cp trong bng thng s k thut nh sn xut a ra. iu ny c th nh hng n s hot ng ca c h thng mng. Bn di l nhng vn ngi dng cn phi lu khi la chn t rack ph hp nht vi nhu cu thc t ca h thng mng:

1. T rack c t trong mi trng nh th no? (c th t ngoi tri hay trong nh?)

Khi t trong nh, nu t c t trong phng ring, c h thng lm mt v mi trng sch s, khng bi bn th nn chn loi c ca li, cn ngc li th chn loi ca mica.

2. Mu sc nh th no ?

Thng thng t rack c sn mu en, xm, bc. Tuy nhin, mt s nh sn xut c th iu chnh mu sc theo yu cu ca khch hng.

3. Thit b no s c lp vo t v su ca thit b nh th no ?

Phn ln cc thit b c lp vo t rack c su khong 11 inches, tuy nhin mt s thit b li c su gn nh gp i. Mc d a s t rack u c kh nng iu chnh su ca thanh treo thit b nhng vic bit c chnh xc su ca cc thit b s dng s gip khch hng chn c loi t c kch thc ti u nht ph hp vi c cc thit b bn trong ln khng gian bn ngoi.

4. Tng s U bn cn l bao nhiu ? (1U = 1.75 inches)

U l n v tnh ton khng gian bn trong t rack theo tiu chun EIA. H thng l trn cc thanh treo trong t c chia lm cc cm, mi cm bao gm 3 l vung cnh 0.5 inch (12.70 mm). Mi h thng 3 l vung ny c thit k song song to thnh mt phn khng gian bn trong t vi chiu cao 1U tng ng 1,75 inch (44,45 mm). Cc thit b gn trn t rack thng c thit k da trn s U ny. V d nh my ch 2U, 4U, 6U, hay switch, router 1U, 2U,

Bn cn bit c chnh xc s lng thit b s s dng cng kh nng m rng trong tng lai bit c nn la chn loi t c s U l bao nhiu.

5. T mng cn trang b cc ph kin c bit ?

Ph thuc vo thit b c lp t v t mng, c th bn cn phi mua thm ph kin nh: thanh h tr lp thit b (rail kit), thanh qun l cp, khay trt, khay c nh... Ngoi ra vic trang b thm cc dng c h tr tho lp chuyn dng s gip tit kim thi gian thi cng.

6. in s c cung cp nh th no?

Thit b lp t vo t rack cn ngun in hot ng v cn c bo v khi b c cc s c v in. Phi m bo la t rack c khng gian lp cc thanh ngun, UPS, dy ni t cc thit b hot ng mt cch an ton v tng hiu qu s dng in nng.

7. Lm sao qun l cp v nhit trong t ?

Cc thit b gii nhit nh qut, my lnh, tm thng hi v b trao i nhit cn phi c s dng m bo cc thit b hot ng ti u.

Ngoi ra, thang cp, mng cp, thanh qun l cp v dy buc cp cn c trang b gi cho h thng cp i vo t c gn gng v c t chc.

Cc dng UPS v im khc bit ca n

y ti khng ni n cc hng sn xut v nhiu lm, mi hng c nhng u im ring mnh khng bn n. Ty s thch ca cc bc m mua.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) l mt thit b c th cung cp tm thi in nng nhm duy tr s hot ng ca thit b s dng in li gp s c (mt in, st gim in p qu thp, s c khc...) trong mt khong thi gian vi cng sut gii hn theo kh nng ca n.

UPS thng c gi l: Ci lu in hay b lu in, cc lu in...Cc loi UPS thng dng hin nay thng bao gm ba loi chnh theo nguyn l lm vic ca chng:

UPS offline, UPS offline v UPS online interactive.

Nu la chn UPS th chn loi no? gi tin ra sao v s nh hng ca tng loi UPS i vi thit b s dng nh th no...

NGUYN L HOT NG

Trc ht xin gii thch thm mt cht v nng lng tch t trong UPS nh th no? Rt nhiu ngi bit rng bn trong UPS s c cc c quy tch in, c l ch cn bit n th l bit c nguyn l lm vic ca chng mt cch s ng nht: Chuyn in t c quy sang thnh ngun in dn dng ca a phng.

Tch tr nng lng bng c quy

Nh vy th bn trong mi UPS u c c quy (ci nh thi ci to n khng co u). Ti lun nhn thy hai chic c mt in p khong 24Vdc, nhng mt bn comment rng c loi UPS ch s dng mt chic c quy 12V m thi.

Nh vy th c th loi UPS ny cng sut kh thp hoc l chng c loi c quy rt tt cho php xut mt dng in ln, bi v cng sut pht ca c quy tnh theo P(cng sut, W) = U(in p, V).I(dng in, A)

V d nh pht khong 200W, vi 1 c quy 12V phi xut mt dng in khong 16,6A, nhng vi 2 c quy 12V ni tip th ch phi xut ra 8,3A thi.

xut mt dng ln nh 16,6A th c quy phi c cc bn cc to v in mi tt, cc mch in li b gy tn tht nhit cao nn hiu sut gim. Do m ti ngh rng ai thit k ra loi UPS dng mt c quy c l l ... cha c chuyn nghip cho lm.

Bin i thnh dng in xoay chiu

V c quy cung cp in mt chiu th lm th no c th bin chng thnh xoay chiu ? iu ny th chc ch c ai hc in t mi hiu r c, nhng bn c th hiu long thong rng c mt mch in no d bin i in mt chiu thnh cc giao ng xoay chiu, v cc giao ng ny vi tn s v in p ph hp vi ni m bn s dng - tc l 220Vac 50Hz hoc 110Vac 60Hz.

C phi tt c cc UPS u c cc nguyn l hot ng ging nhau ?

Khng, chng c cc loi s nguyn l khc nhau, chnh do m c n ba loi UPS c phn loi nh sau:

UPS loi ph thng nht c phn thnh cc dng sn phm chnh v cng ngh nh sau: UPS Offline (n thun), UPS Offline vi cng ngh Line-interactive, UPS Online. (cn hai loi khc na l: UPS tnh, UPS quay th c l rng chng khng s dng cc nguyn l nh loi UPS ph thng dng trong dn dng nn t c nhc ti, bn thn ti cng cha bit n l ci g)

UPS offline

c s dng nhiu nht hin nay c l l cc loi UPS offline bi gi thnh ca chng r hn nhiu so vi cc loi UPS cng loi.

Nu bn ang s dng UPS th nhiu kh nng thuc loi ny, c phi rng ti ch quan khi ni iu ? bi v ti bit rng ngi c blog Vit Nam (thng qua s thng k ca geovisit m ti ang dng trn blog) thng cha hiu r v cc UPS v cc loi ca chng nn la chn theo cm tnh v gi r l phn nhiu.

Di y l s c bn v nguyn l lm vic ca UPS offline, loi thng dng nht trn th trng hin nay:

Theo s ny, ta nhn thy rng phng php lm vic ca n nh sau:

Ngun in li u vo thng qua mt cng tc ngt mch (c ghi ch "bypass" trong s ) n vi ng u ra.

Ngun in t pin c chuyn i thnh in p xoay chiu theo tham s ph hp vi ngun in a phng.

Khi mt in li, h thng c quy cung cp cho mch in giao ng chuyn thnh dng in xoay chiu tip tc cung cp cho thit b tiu th.

Nhn qua s ny chng ta d nhn ra nhc im ca loi UPS offline: Thi gian chuyn mch t khi s c in li cho n khi ngun pin cung cp cho thit b tiu th.

Hiu mt cch n gin th ny: Cng tc ngt in khi ngun li chuyn sang dng in t pin phi m bo khi ngt hon ton ra khi li in mi c php cung cp in t b inverter (trn thc t th cc UPS ny c n hai "cng tc chuyn mch" kiu nh trn dc iu khin cng lc - trong k thut thng gi l "r le") bi nu khng dng in cung cp t pin s phi cp cho c li in a phng - v cng nh my pht in, h thng s h hng v qu ti.

Tt nhin l s trn ch cho bn thy mt cch nhn tng th, s ng nht, di y l mt s c v nh s tt hn cho bn hnh dung v qu trnh lm vic ca UPS offline. Ti sao ti khng s dng s ny ngay nh ? , tht n gin rng nu khng c s trn th c l rng s pha di y s tr ln kh hiu hn i vi bn - nht l nhng ngi t khi nhn vo cc mch in hoc l c am hiu nhiu v in-in t.

hnh ny th hin hai trng thi lm vic ca mt UPS offline thng thng (khng c cng ngh Line interactive):

trng thi li in n nh th ngun tiu th s dng in trc tip ca li in. UPS lc ny ch s dng mt b np (charger) np in mt cch t ng cho c quy m thi.

Khi in p li in khng m bo (qu cao, qu thp) hoc mt in th lc ny mch in chuyn sang dng in cung cp ra t c quy v b inverter.

Qua nguyn l c phn tch nh trn th ta thy rng thi gian cung cp in cho thit b tiu th v th m b gin on. S gin on ny gy ra vic cung cp ngun in khng n nh ti pha cc thit b tiu th: Mt s my tnh b tt do ngun my tnh (PSU) thuc loi cht lng thng hoc cng sut thp, c kh nng tch in ti t u ngun u vo thp so vi nhu cu cng sut ca cc linh kin trn my tnh, nn thi gian chuyn mch ca UPS gy dng s hot ng ca PSU. Rt nhiu ngi gp iu ny nhng li li cho chic UPS ca h - v h c th mang i bo hnh ri li b tr li bi v k thut vin ni bn kim tra v thy chng chng b lm sao c^^.

Cng qua s , ta thy rng UPS offline khng c cng dng n p khi chng s dng in li bnh thng - bi n gin khi khng c s c v li in th cc thit b pha sau UPS n thun c ni trc tip vi li in thng qua r le (phn bypass trong s trn). C v nh nhiu ngi cho rng UPS lun tch hp sn cng dng n p phi khng? ng l n c tnh nng n p, nhng khng phi loi UPS offline ny - m l loi UPS online m bn s xem phn di.

UPS offline vi cng ngh Line interactive

Khc phc nhc im ca loi UPS offline thng thng l loi UPS offline cng ngh Line interactive. Do s tch cc hn trong nguyn l hot ng nn chng li c gi thnh cao hn so vi loi UPS offline thng thng

Bn c thy rng s mch ca loi UPS ny c v g ging nh s mch ca loi UPS offline n thun pha bn trn hay khng ? Chc l bn cng nhn thy iu ny: Phn nhnh c quy v inverter khng thay i, ch c pha bn nhnh cung cp in cho thit b tiu th in l ra c ni trc tip th li c ni long ngong qua nhng k hiu g kh hiu.

Ti nhn vo cng chng bit g - bi v ti khng c hc chnh thng v in t, v do ti on bn cng nh vy^^.

Mt lt na thi, bn s nhn xung pha di v nhn thy chng tht n gin: l mt bin p. Nh vy th UPS offline cng ngh line interactive hn g so vi loi UPS offline thng thng?

Ti ngh chnh l im c ci bin p . Bin p ny v bn cht th ging nh cc loi bin p t ngu trc y m nhiu ngi dn Vit Nam tng s dng (thi im trc khi xut hin cc n p ni a hiu LiOA chim lnh th trng)

C ngha l nu in p ca li in thp hay cao th chng ta phi chy n ch ci bin p t ngu xoay xoay, vn vn n. y cng vy, mc d chng khng c nh chic "n p" c th t ng xoay m li s dng cc nc chuyn mch thay i mc in p ca n nhng cng c cc cch t ng thc hin vic .

V by gi, xin xem hnh di ny, ti ngh rng n b chia thnh bn hnh cho cc trng hp khc nhau nn dnh cho n v vic phn tch nguyn l lm vic mt cch su hn cht na.

V gi y th chc bn hiu c rng in p xoay chiu m ta thng dng c th thay i bi bin p bng cch thay i s vng dy ca cun s cp hoc th cp. Cc bin p t ngu thng l thay i s vng ca cun dy u vo - tc l cun s cp - c th thay i in p u ra.

y, theo hnh ngay pha trn, ta d nhn thy rng nhnh cung cp in trc tip cho thit b tiu th c thng qua mt bin p t ngu (s trn v th khng chnh xc l bin p t ngu u, nhng ta nn hiu l bin p t ngu). y c cc trng hp sau:

- Trong trng hp in p cp vo UPS bnh thng, c ngha l chng xp x thng s u ra li in a phng ca bn th mch UPS hot ng nh khung hnh pha trn-bn tri. c ngha rng bin p t ngu lc ny c s vng dy s cp bng th cp, do khng c s can thip no vo in p u ra - v UPS hot ng ging nh loi UPS offline thng thng.

- Trong trng hp in p ca li thp hn so vi in p chun, bin p t ngu s chuyn mch sang mt nc khc, lm cho in p u ra m bo ng thng s yu cu. Trong trng hp in p ca li in cao hn so vi thng s chun th trng hp ny cng vy.

- Trong trng hp mt in li UPS offline cng ngh Line interactive s chuyn cc mch ging nh loi UPS thng thng: tc l chng ngt nhnh i qua bin p t ngu v chuyn sang s dng nhnh c quy vi inverter.

Bn thy chng c n nh c in p hay khng? R rng rng loi UPS offline theo cng ngh line interactive ny tin b hn loi UPS offline truyn thng: Chng c th n nh in p so vi vic khng c mt cht chc nng n p no ca loi offline truyn thng nh ni trn.

M rng ra mt cht vi ngi am hiu v in-in t bn c th hiu rng chic bin p trong s trn hon ton thuc loi bin p t ngu thng thng, c ngha l chng ch c mt cun dy v cc u ra khc nhau. Vy th chng chuyn mch bng cch no? Tt nhin l qua cc r-le ri.

Khi ti m mt chic UPS cng ngh Line-Interactive th nhn thy chng c khong 5 chic r-le, trong mt chic ln nht nm pha sau my, bn chic cn li trn mch in. R le ny do cc mch in ca UPS iu khin chng. Nu bn c mt chic UPS loi ny th bn d nhn thy rng chng c th pht ra cc ting ku lch tch nh do s lm vic ca cc rle .UPS online

Khc phc hon ton cc nhc im trn l loi UPS online, chnh v vy m loi UPS ny thng c gi bn cao nht so vi cc loi trn.

Di y l s nguyn l lm vic n gin ca n:

y, chng ta thy rng vic cp in cho thit b tiu th l hon ton lin tc khi c s c v li in. Hy th phn tch s di gc ngi s dng nh sau:

Ngun in li lc ny khng cung cp in trc tip cho cc thit b, m chng c bin i thnh dng in mt chiu tng ng vi in p ca c quy. y trong mch th hin s cung cp in t c quy v chnh t li in n b inverter bin i thnh in p u ra ph hp vi thit b s dng.

Nh vy, c th thy rng trong bt k s c no v li in th UPS online cng c th cung cp in cho thit b s dng m khng c mt thi gian tr no. iu ny lm cho thit b s dng rt an ton, v n nh.

UPS online s lun lun n nh in p u ra bi cng theo mch th in p u vo lc ny c bin i xung mc in p c quy v chng c cng dng nh mt c quy c dung lng ln v cng (nu khng b s c li in), mch inverter[3] s ng vai tr mt b n nh in p. V vy ch vi cc loi UPS online mi c cng dng n p mt cch trit .

Nu nh vy, bn nhn thy c cn thit s dng mt chic UPS cho cc my tnh xch tay hay khng? Ti ngha l khng cn thit, bi c v nh mi chic my tnh xch tay c pin cn lm vic tt th phn cp in chnh cho bo mch ch v cc thit b khc lm vic s lun ging nh mt chic UPS online.CC TNH NNG KHC CA UPS

UPS c th c mt s tnh nng ph nh sau gip ngi s dng c th an ton hn hoc qun l in nng tt hn vi my tnh.

Chng st cho ng dy in thoi hoc ng Internet.

Bn c th nhn thy hnh minh ho u tin ca mt chic UPS c tnh nng ny. y bn nhn thy c hai cng vo/ra bo v chng st gy h hi n my tnh ca bn: Vic s dng n gin nht l thay v cm u kt ni vo my tnh ca bn (t cm trn tng trong cc doanh nghip hoc t modem ca bn n) th bn cm vo UPS v u ra theo cng ph hp ca UPS ny bn ni vo my tnh.

Tng tc vi my tnh thng qua kt ni

y l mt tnh nng cao cp ca cc loi UPS cao cp, khng phi mi loi UPS u c tnh nng ny. Tnh nng ny cho php s tng tc gia UPS vi my tnh ca bn - m trc tip l vi h iu hnh bn ang s dng.

Bn bit rng mi mt UPS ch c th cung cp nng lng trong mt thi gian nht nh m thi, do s c lc m UPS ny s hon ton khng th cung cp in nng c na. Tt nhin, cho d chng cung cp khong thm 5 pht, cho n khong 20 pht na th c quy ca n cng s ht in.

Nh vy th nu bn khng , khi UPS ht in s lm cho my tnh ca bn b ngt in v c kh nng l bn b mt d liu thnh qu ca bn khi lm vic. C th rng iu ny s khng xy ra khi m bn ang ngi cnh my tnh v UPS s bo ng bng ci khi trng thi li in b mt bn c th ghi li thnh qu v tt my tnh an ton. Nhng ng l c nhng lc bn khng c th my tnh s khng t ng c shutdown an ton.

Nu nh UPS c ni chuyn vi my tnh th li khc: H iu hnh bit trc rng UPS sp sa ngng cung cp in cho n v lc ny h iu hnh s t ra lnh shutdown my tnh mt cch an ton sau khi t ng ghi li ton b thnh qu ang lm vic.

Bn bit rng: Ngun in li th khng th pht tn hiu c cho my tnh bit c rng n sp b s c, v tng t nh vy th UPS cng th, bi v chng khng khc g ngun in li: Cng ba chn cm vo ngun my tnh. Vy th UPS phi c mt cch khc c th giao tip vi my tnh? Bn c nhn thy hnh nh rt nhiu ngha pha trn v mt sau ca mt chic UPS hay khng (ti sao ti khng chn mt hnh nh mt trc UPS mt cch p nh^^), bn s thy mt cng giao tip m ngi s dng quen gi l cng COM c th ni vi my tnh. Hin nay th cc cng chp nh vy dn bit mt khi cu trc my tnh c nhn, chng c thay th bng cc cng USB.

Qua cng giao tip vi my tnh (COM, USB...) tt nhin l my tnh chng th hiu c rng UPS nh lm g c, li phi c cc phn mm, cc trnh iu khin i km (nu cn) h iu hnh c th bit c UPS c n thi gian sp ct in c th thc hin cc cng vic ca n. Cc phn mm ny s c cc hng dn i km, nu bn c n, bn s t ci t, thit lp mt cch rt nhanh thi.

Thng bo trng thi

Khng phi loi UPS no cng c cc hnh thc thng bo trng thi lm vic ca chng, tuy nhin nhng loi UPS c cht lng cao th thng c ti thiu l cc n LED thng bo trng thi lm vic, trng thi tch in ca c quy...

C bit, c cc loi UPS c mt mn hnh tinh th lng nh hin th cc thng s lm vic ca chng.

Ti ngh rng tt c cc loi UPS c tnh nng cao cp ny th u thuc loi Offline vi cng ngh Line-Interactive hoc loi Online.Phn my lnh cho phng server

My lnh cho phng server l mt trong nhng vn m ngi ta thng khng nhn thy cho n khi qu mun. Ngoi ra, vic trang b my lnh cng c ngha l phi tiu tn rt nhiu in nng, tc l ny sinh vn v chi ph.

i vi con ngi c th chng ta cn my lnh chng > 7h/ ngy thng l t 7 gi sng ti 7 gi ti. Tuy nhin, vn cn nhu cu my lnh cho cc phng server, nhng phng ny khng ch cn iu ha khng kh 7 ngy mi tun, m l 24/7/365 do lun c pht sinh lng nhit ln.

Do phng server l mch mu ca mi cng ty, nn nu xy ra s c th chi ph hng hc c th l rt cao, khng ch v vic thay th thit b phn cng m c v nng sut lm vic ca cng ty. My mc gi y ngy cng hot ng nhanh hn, cng tc l chng s ta nhit nhiu hn.

Ni ra th n lng nhng lm.

Em c ci cng thc tnh ton h thng my lnh cho phng server hay datacenter bc tham kho:

Author:Denis LavertySource:MacTech Magazine

Din tch sn phng (1) = Di (m) x Rng (m) x 337Kch c v v tr ca s (*) (2)Ca s hng tyC rm = Di (m) x Rng (m) x 870Khng rm = Di (m) x Rng (m) x 870 x 1,5Ca s hng bcC rm = Di (m) x Rng (m) x 165Khng rm = Di (m) x Rng (m) x 165 x 1,5S ngi (3)= S ngi x 400Thit b (4) = Tng cng sut server, switch, router (W) x 3,5n in (5) = Tng cng sut cc bng n (W) x 4,25

Tng BTU = BTU (1) + BTU (2) + BTU (3) + BTU (4) + BTU (5)

* Nu phng khng c ca s th b qua phn ny

Cn rt nhiu vn bn lun ch ny nhng em khng bn n v thc ra em khng r lm ni by hay b chi he he he. Bc no chuyn gia vo t vn ci phn ny i .

H thng lm mt phng server theo tiu chun con nh ngho

xy dng mt server room hay datacenter d l phc v cho mc ch s dng ni b hay thng mi chng ta u phi tnh ton chi ph u t ban u v chi ph vn hnh trong sut thi gian sng ca n.

Cc hng sn xut thit b lnh chnh xc cho Data Center hay server room a ra l do thuyt phc ngi s dng dng sn phm lnh chnh xc v mt s u im sau:

- Kim sot c nhit v m chnh xc.- Cng sut cao,- Hot ng lin tc- ...

D nhin bn cnh , mt s nhc im (trong mi trng CNTT & Vin Thng) ca h thng lm mt thng thng cng c nu ra tng tnh thuyt phc, v d: my lnh thng thng ch dng cho con ngi, hot ng vi gi mi ngy,khng kim sot c nhit , m,...

Tuy nhin ngoi cc yu t trn khng thy cc nh sn xut cp n phn chi ph u t

Tm ly mt v d mi ngi so snh :

My lnh LG LP-X1008FA0 c cng sut lm lnh 93.000 BTU gi th trng khong 3.600 USD.

My lnh Carrier 38/42SD6C c cng sut lm lnh 47.200 BTU gi khong 1.600 USD

So vi my lnh chnh xc ca APC dng ARCP 102 c cng sut 29KW ngha l khong 99.000 BTU c gi khong ....32.000 USD th bn s thy chi ph nh th no. Hu hu

D nhin ty vo ti tin, ty vo cht lng m chng ta mong mun th chng ta s c la chn ph hp, kin ca ti ch tham kho thm m thi.

Ti c dng qua 2 loi (My lnh dn dng v my lnh chnh xc), v mt c nhn ti a ra mt s kin nh th ny cho mi ngi d hnh dung:

Ni v tnh chuyn nghip tt nhin my lnh chnh xc chuyn nghip hn rt nhiu, nh trang b c n cn kh nhiu iu kin m iu kin quan trng nht l chi ph. K c chi ph u t ln chi ph hot ng. Vi nhng server room trung bnh c khong 5 rack theo ti khng cn thit u t my lnh chnh xc. Chi dn dng c ri, Lp cho n 2 hoc 3 ci vn r hn mua my lnh chnh xc.

Cho n chy lun phin nhau ci chy ci ngh, cc bc ch mt cht l khng nn my ci t di my lnh, c bit khng chi my m trn, v ci my ca n ny khng v sinh u n cho n lu lu n chy nc nh ma, ti b ri ti bit.

Cn nu c tin th my lnh chnh xc l la chn tt nht, hng th ty, APC, Stulz ... v nhiu hng khc. Cn chn th em khng chn nhng em vote cho Stulz. Ci ny p bng APC.

Mt vi hnh nh nhn cho n chn, ch khng cc bc chi em thng ny n rnh sao m g nhiu ch th

Hnh nh ny c thay i kch thc. Click vo y xem hnh nh gc vi kch thc l 1024x680

5. H thng bo chy, cha chy6. H thng chng st7. H thng an ninh

Nhng ni dung ny ti ch bit v n khng am hiu nhiu cho lm nn ch dng mc gii thiu. Bn no mun trang b th c gi INFO n cc cng ty chuyn thi cng nhng h thng ny s c tr li chnh xc.

1. H thng bo chy, cha chy.

C cn hay khng: iu ny ph thuc nhiu vo kinh ph v chu chi ca cc xp. Theo em l cn, nhng m xp khng duyt th khng sao nhng nh l phi bo l n m chy l em khng chu u nh.

Trong khun kh ca bi vit ny em ch cp n phng thit b m thi khng cp n vn cha chy ta nh.

Theo em bit th c 2 dng chy trong khu vc ny l chy m v bng chy. Chy m thng ri vo phn in nhiu nht, Dy in qu ti hay chm chp sinh qu nhit gy chy, cn bng chy l s mt kim sot ca qu nhit.

Tt nht trong trng hp ny l ngn chy nhng hin tng ny.

Cc h thng cha chy

Khi em b bt i hc phng chy cha chy th cc ng ch cng an bo th ny. C 3 yu t hnh thnh m chy, ngun nhit, cht chy v oxy. Vy mun n tt lm sao th lm ct 1 trong 3 yu t trn n s tt.

Hin nay th trng c nhiu h thng kh cha chy khc nhau nh h thng CO2, h thng Inergen, h thng FM200, h thng Novec.

H thng CO2 khng c php s dng trong cc trung tm d liu v tnh gy ngt ca CO2. Khi c phun vo phng, CO2 c th gy ngt v bt tnh cho cc nhn vin vn hnh trung tm d liu ch trong thi gian vi giy.

H thng Inergen hay Argonite c th c s dng trong cc phng thit b in t ngi m khng nn s dng cho cc trung tm d liu. H thng Argonite hot ng da trn nguyn l y oxygen ra khi khu vc chy. Khi nng oxygen gim xung di 14%, m chy s c dp tt.

Tuy nhin ti nng ny, nhn vin vn hnh h thng s cm thy tc th v khi nng xung ti di 12%, h s bt tnh.

Cng vi FM200, h thng Novec c s dng trong cc trung tm d liu loi nh v trung bnh. So vi h thng CO2 v Argonite, h thng FM200 v Novec khng gy ngt cho ngi, do c s dng trong cc trung tm d liu hay phng thit b in ni chung. Bn cnh , cc mi nguy him trong phng my tnh v vin thng c th c gim thiu bng cch s dng h thng bo chy sm kt hp vi h thng FM200, Novec.

i vi cc trung tm d liu, vin thng loi trung bnh v ln c s dng c ta nh, h thng cha chy phun sng (water mist) l mt gii php cha chy hiu qu nht.

H thng ny khng b nh hng bi kn ca phng, rt an ton cho ngi, thit b v mi trng. Khi kt hp vi h thng bo chy a ch, h thng phun sng cho php xc nh chnh xc v tr xy ra m chy, gip ngi qun l h thng c phng n x l kp thi v chnh xc.

Vy tm li:Ch nn dng h thng FM200 v h thng Novec cho Server Room. Nu lm datacenter th chn water mist. Chi tit hi ng google v cc cng ty chuyn phng chy cha chy.

2. H thng chng st

Vn nh c:Cn hay khng ? Cn v bc no b tri onh ri s bit c hu qu ca n.

Vy chng th chng ci g ?Chng st lan truyn v trc tip.

V chng st lan truyn, ch yu l chng trn ng in v cable ng l ch yu. Cn cable quang th bao tri onh nh, lan truyn vo mt v n c dn in u.

Cn trc tip th theo em bit l c ci gi l thu li nhn nhn bu bu g trn ta nh. Ni chung khng quan tm lm

Em quan tm n nhng ci nm trong phng server ca em thi. C 3 cp chng st, em nh l th cn hn th cha bit.

Chng st cp 1 lp ti bng in tng ca ta nh: Thit b ny c tc dng ngn cc dng xung c cng ln lan truyn t ngoi ta nh vo. Thit b ny l rt quan trng i vi cc khu cng nghip hay ta nh cao tng. V kh nng dng st vi cng ln chay trong dy dn l cao. Thit b ny s dng cng ngh phng in (spark gap) gia hai bn cc nn c tc dng thot dng st ln an ton v s ln lm vic l vi nghn ln.

Thit b chng st cp 2 lp ti bng in ca server room. Thit b ny c tc dng ngn chn xung cp 2 (8/20) lan truyn vo thit b phng my. Trong qu trnh dy dn chy t bng in tng ca ta nh vo phng my n c th nhim dng st cm ng. Thit b ny s dng vt liu MOV(Metal Oxide Varistor) truyn thng c an ton cao.

Thit b chng st cp 3 t ngay trc cc thit b IT nh server, switch v.v.. Thit b ny c tc dng ngn nhng xung in p do qua trnh ng m mch in gy ra. Thit b ny c in p bo v thp thi gian p ng nhanh gip nng cao tui th ca thit b.

Tm li:Cn trang b chng st cp 2 v cp 3 cho phng server nh cc bc.

3. H thng an ninh

Ni tht l ci ny khng quan trng lm i vi my ci phng server c < 10 rack. Nn thi em chng bn n mt thi gian ca nhau.

Ni n gin th n c my h thng access control, camera gim st, chng trm g ....c tin trang b cng hay c ci em yu khoa hc, bit cho n bng ch bng em.