HIN TRNG NLMT CA VIT NAM V TH GII1. hin trng NLMT ca vit nam2.
Bc x mt tri l mt ngun ti nguyn v cng quan trng ti Vit Nam. Trung
bnh, tng bc x nng lng mt tri Vit Nam vo khong 5kW/h/m2/ngy cc tnh
min Trung v min Nam, v vo khong 4kW/h/m2/ngy cc tnh min Bc. S gi
nng trong nm min Bc vo khong 1500-1700 gi trong khi min Trung v min
Nam Vit Nam, con s ny vo khong 2000-2600 gi mi nm. Dn un nc nng bng
Nng lng Mt triMt s mu ca thit b un nc nng bng Nng lng Mt tri c
nghin cu v lp t th nghim ti mt s c s nh: Bnh vin, trng mu gio, nh
tr, nh n tp th v trung tm iu dng. Mt s mu ca thit b un nc nng dng
cho gia nh cng c nghin cu ng dng v a bn th trng ti mt s khu vc. Qui
m thit b un nc nng h tp th thng c din tch mt thu bc x t 10 -:- 50
m2, tng ng vi lng nc nng c cung cp t 1 -:- 5 m3, nhit t 50 -:-
700C. i vi h gia nh thng c din tch b thu t 1 -:- 3 m2 v cung cp c
100 -:- 300 lt nc nng, nhit t 45 -:- 650C. Tnh n thi im hin ti c
khong 40 thit b un nc nng bng nng lng mt tri h tp th v 7300 h gia
nh c lp t ng dng trong phm vi ton quc. hit b sy bng nng lng mt
trimt s mu thit b sy bng nng lng mt tri c nghin cu v lp t ng dng
th, phc v cho vic sy cc sn phm:- Nng nghip (vi, nhn, chui, thc n
gia sc v thc); dc liu; hi sn; ct b tng ly tm. H thng chng ct nc bng
nng lng mt triCc thit b chng ct nc bng nng lng mt tri c nghin cu v
trin khai ng dng nhm cung cp nc ngt cho nhn dn vng hi o v vng nc
chua phn, c bit l cung cp nc ngt cho b i qun o Trng Sa. Ngoi ra nc
chng ct cn phc v cho cng nghip trng gng v sn xut c qui.C khong 8 h
thng chng ct nc loi c nh v khong 50 thit b chng ct nc dng khay c lp
t ng dng. Tnh n thi im hin ti ch cn khong 30% cc thit b ang hot ng.
H thng pin mt tri Loi thit b ny c nghin cu v trin khai ng dng Vit
Nam mun nht. Vo u nhng nm 90, cc h thng pin mt tri mi c ng dng nc
ta. n nm 1994 vic trin khai ng dng cc thit b ny pht trin kh mnh m.
i u trong vic pht trin ng dng ny l ngnh Bu chnh Vin thng v ngnh Bo
m Hng hi. Khu vc pha Nam l ni ng dng sm nht cc gin pin mt tri phc v
thp sng v sinh hot vn ho dn c ti mt vng nng thn xa li in. Cc trm in
mt tri c cng sut t 500 - 1000 Wp c lp t cc trung tm x np in vo c
quy cho cc gia nh a v s dng. Cc gin pin mt tri c cng sut t 250 -
500 Wp phc v thp sng cho cc bnh vin, trm x v cc cm vn ho thn, x. n
nay, c khong 800 gin pin mt tri c lp t v s dng cho cc h gia nh vi
cng sut 22,5 - 50 Wp. Khu vc min Trung l vng c bc x mt tri kh tt v
s lng ngy nng tng i cao, rt thch hp cho vic ng dng pin mt tri. Hin
ti, khu vc min Trung c 2 d n lai ghp ca pin mt tri c cng sut ln nht
Vit Nam: - D n pht in ghp gia pin mt tri v thu in nh vi cng sut 125
kW c lp t ti x Trang, huyn Mang Yang, tnh Gia Lai, trong cng sut ca
h thng pin mt tri l 100 kW. D n c a vo vn hnh t cui nm 1999 cung cp
in cho 5 lng (trong c 2 lng dn kinh t mi). y l d n do t chc NEDO ti
tr, Vin Nng lng l i tc chnh pha Vit Nam. - D n pht in ghp gia pin
mt tri v ng c gi pht in vi cng sut l 9 kW, trong pin mt tri l 7 kW
v gi l 2 kW. D n trn c lp t ti lng Kongu 2, huyn ak H, tnh Kon Tum
do Vin Nng lng thc hin. Ton b vn ca cng trnh do Cng ty in lc Tohuku
(Nht Bn) ti tr (tr phn li h th do Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam ng gp).
Cng trnh c a vo s dng t thng 11/2000, cung cp in cho mt bn ngi dn
tc thiu s vi 42 h gia nh. - Cc gin pin h gia nh cng c ng dng ti cc
tnh Gia Lai, Qung Nam, Bnh nh, Qung Ngi v Khnh Ho. Tng s cc gin gia
nh c lp t l 165 vi cng sut t 40 - 50Wp. Cc gin c s dng cho cc trung
tm cm x phc v cho thp sng cng cng, thng tin vn ho, lin lc v phc v
cc trm y t x c cng sut t 200 - 800 Wp. c khong 25 gin loi ny c lp
t. Khu vc pha Bc bt u trin khai ng dng pin mt tri c chm hn khu vc
pha Nam. Song vic ng dng cc gin pin mt tri cho cc h gia nh cc vng
ni cao, hi o v cho cc trm bin phng c trin khai kh nhanh. Cng sut ca
cc gin dng cho h gia nh t 40 - 75Wp. Cc gin dng cho cc trm bin phng
v b i ni hi o c cng sut t 165 - 300 Wp. Cc gin dng cho trm x v cc
cm vn ho thn, x l 165 - 525 Wp. Tnh n thng 6 nm 2002 khi lng lp t
ng dng cc gin pin mt tri cc vng ni v hi o khu vc pha Bc nh sau: -
Tng s gin dng cho cc h gia nh: 450 gin - Tng s gin dng cho cc trm
bin phng v b i hi o: 94 gin - Tng s gin dng cho cc trm x, trng hc
hay trung tm vn ho x : 42 gin. Ti Qung Ninh c 2 d n pin mt tri do
vn ca Chnh ph Vit Nam ti tr: + D n s dng pin mt tri cho cc n v b i
trn cc o vng ng Bc. Tng s vn u t khong trn 3 t ng, tng cng sut lp t
khong 20 kWp. D n trn do Vin Nng lng v Trung tm Nng lng mi - i hc
Bch khoa thc hin. Cng trnh c vn hnh hn 4 nm. + D n pin mt tri cho
cc c quan hnh chnh v mt s h dn ca huyn o C T. Tng cng sut lp t l 15
kWp. D n trn do Vin Nng lng thc hin. Cng trnh c a vo vn hnh t thng
12/2001. Cng ty VP Solar ca c ti tr mt d n pin mt tri gm 5 h thng.
Trong 3 gin c cng sut 150Wp phc v cho thp sng cng cng, v mt trm 400
Wp phc v vic bo qun vc xin tp trung c cng sut l 6120 Wp phc v cho
trm x, tr s x, trng hc v khong 10 h gia nh. D n trn c lp t ti x S
Hai, huyn Qung h, tnh Cao Bng. D n "ng dng th im in mt tri cho khu
vc min ni v dn tc Vit Nam" ti x i Quc, huyn Lc Bnh, tnh Lng Sn hon
thnh vo thng 11/2002. Tng cng sut d n l 3.000 Wp, gm 6 h thng phc v
cung cp in cho trung tm x v trm thu, pht truyn hnh ca x. Ton b kinh
ph do Chnh ph Phn Lan ti tr. Ngnh bu chnh vin thng v ngnh bo m hng
hi cng ng dng mt khi lng pin mt tri kh ln. - Tng s gin pin mt tri
dng cho cc trm n bin v n sng trong c nc khong 260 gin. Tnh n cui nm
2005, tng cng sut pin mt tri c lp t ng dng Vit Nam l 1.150 kWp. C
th thy rng, vic khai thc, s dng ngun nng lng ti to, c bit l nng lng
gi v mt tri thay th mt phn ngun nng lng ho thch ang dn cn kit ng
thi gp phn gim thiu nhim mi trng l rt cn thit trong hin ti v tng
lai.
2 . TH GIIGii php s dng nng lng mt tri hin ang c cho l gii php
ti u nht. y l ngun nng lng sch, khng gy nhim mi trng v c tr lng v
cng ln do tnh ti to cao. Trn th gii, t l ngi lp t h thng thit b un
nc nng bng nng lng mt tri ngy cng ln, c bit l Trung Quc, Nht Bn,
Israel, Sip, Australia. L mt nc c tim nng ln v ngun nng lng ti to,
nng lng bc x mt tri trung bnh t 4 n 5kWh/m2 mi ngy, Vit Nam c nhiu
li th pht trin h thng s dng nng lng mt tri. Trong , hiu qu nht l s
dng nng lng mt tri vo un nc nng. Tuy vy, Vit Nam mi ch khai thc c
25% ngun nng lng ti to (trong c nng lng mt tri) v cn li 75% vn cha
c khai thc. i u l c. Tnh n thng 12/2012, cng sut lp t nng lng mt
tri ca quc gia ny t hn 32,3GW. c ang hng n mc ch sn xut 100% sn lng
in t cc ngun nng lng ti to vo nm 2050. Nht Bn Do trnh , nhn thc cao
ca ngi dn v cc ngun nng lng ti to, Nht Bn l quc gia rt pht trin v
vic khai thc s dng nng lng mt tri. Nc ny ban hnh chnh sch u i rt ln
cho nng lng sch, c bit l sau nm 2011 khi Fukushima xy ra thm ha
nguyn t.......
