HMP Shunt-5.pptx

7/25/2019 HMP Shunt-5.pptx

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Hexose monophosphateshunt

(HMP shunt)

dr. Rauza Sukma Rita, Ph.D


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Hexose monophosphate shunt(HMP shunt)

Nama lain :

Pentose shunt

Pentose Phosphate Pathway Hexose monophosphate shunt

Phosphogluconate pathway

er!adi di sitosol


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"alur alternati# untuk meta$olismeglukosa

idak menghasilkan %P

Dua #ungsi utama :

Produksi N%DPH untuk sintesis redukti#,

seperti $iosintesa asam lemak dankolesterol

Produksi ri$osa untuk $iosintesis asam

nukleat dan nukleotida



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N%DPHmerupakan

$entuk #os#orilasidari N%DH

Secara umum, N%DH

$er#ungsi mendorong#os#orilasi %DPmen!adi %P.


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&haracteristics:'xidati(e and Non)oxidati(e Phases

'xidati(e phases Produksi N%DPH

*rre(ersi$le

Non)oxidati(e phases Produksi ri$ose)+)P

Re(ersi$le reactions


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+ car$on atoms

Regulatory enzyme


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Regulatory enzyme

nzim -PD sangat spesi/k terhadap N%DP0


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Transketolase membutcoenzym thiaminepyrophosphate (TPP),

Glikolisis


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%lur H1P shunt dimulai dari glukosa )#os#at

%lur ini terhu$ung kem$ali denganglikolisis karena dua dari produk akhirH1P shunt adalah glyceraldehyde 2)Pand #ructose )P3 dua produk ini nantinyaakan masuk kem$ali ke !alur glikolisis



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Pengaturan HMP Shunt

-lucose )phosphate Dehydrogenase 4-PD5merupakan enzim regulator

N%DPH merupakan kompetiti# inhi$itor yangpoten terhadap enzim -PD

6iasanya ratio N%DPH7N%DP0tinggi sehingga$isa mengham$at enzim -PD

Namun, dengan meningkatnya permintaanterhadap N%DPH, ratio menurun dan dan

akti/tas enzim -PD distimulasi. 8onsentrasi produk dan reaktan $isa $ergeser

tergantung dari ke$utuhan meta$olik sel atau!aringan tertentu.


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Sel yang mem$elah dengan cepatmem$utuhkan le$ih $anyak ri$ose +)

phosphate dari N%DPH.


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8e$utuhan akan N%DPH dan ri$ose +)phosphatedalam keadaan seim$ang


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8e$utuhan akan N%DPH le$ih tinggidi$andingkan ri$ose +)phosphate, misal pada

sintesis asam lemak di !aringan adiposa


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Sel mem$utuhkan N%DPH and %P


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Reduced

glutathione

-lutathione is atripeptide composedo# glutamate,cystein, glycine.

Reduced glutathione

4-SH5 maintains thenormal reducedstate o# the cell.

Glutathione and NADPH


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9ungsi -lutathione

6erperan se$agai pereduksi 6erkonyugasi dengan o$at sehingga

men!adi larut dalam air

erli$at dalam transportasi asamamino melewati sel mem$ran

&o#actor pada $e$erapa reaksienzimatik


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-ugus sul#hydryl dari reducedglutahion4-SH5 $erperan mengurangiperoksida 4R'S5 yang ter$entuk selama

transpor oxygen. Reacti(e oxygen species 4R'S5 merusak

DN%, RN% dan protein sehingga $isamenye$a$kan kematian sel

9ungsi -lutathione


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-lutathione and rythrocytes )

-SH is extremely important particularlyin the highly oxidizing en(ironment o#the red $lood cell.

1ature Red 6lood &ells 4R6&s5 ha(e no

mitochondria and are totally dependenton N%DPH #rom the pentose phosphatepathway to regenerate -SH

*n #act, as much as ;< o# glucose

consumption, $y erythrocytes, ismediated $y the pentose pathway.


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-lutathione andrythrocytes )=

he reduced #orm o# glutathione ser(esas a sul#hydryl $u>er.

*t maintains cysteine residues inhemoglo$in and other proteins in a

reduced state. -SH is essential #or normal R6&

structure and keeping hemoglo$in in 9e00state.


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-lutathione and

rythrocytes )2 Reduced glutathione also detoxi/es

peroxides.

&ells with low le(els o# -SH aresuscepti$le hemolysis.

*ndi(iduals with reduced -SH are su$!ectto hemolysis.

his is o#ten clinically seen as $lack urineunder certain conditions.


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-PD De/ciency

xposure to anti)malarial drugs4Prima?uine5 results in increased cellularproduction o# superoxide and hydrogen

peroxide 4Prima?uine sensiti(ity5 'ther chemicals known to increase

oxidant stress Sul#onamides 4anti$iotic5

%spirin and NS%*Ds @uinadine and ?uinine

Napthlane 4moth$alls5

9a(a $eans 4(icine A isouramil5


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9a(a 6eans

-rown worldwide *mportant in 1iddle

ast

High in protein -enetically modi/ed

#a(a $ean $eingde(eloped

Bow in (icine and

isouramil

9a(ism


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9%C*S1

*ndi(iduals with -PD de/ciency mustnot eat 9a(a $eans.

rythrocytes lysedark or $lack urine.

*nterestinghe growth Plasmodium #alciparum 4malaria

parasite5 #ails in -PD de/cient indi(iduals.


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TERIMAKASIH

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HMP Shunt-5.pptx