hƯỚng dẪn sỬ dỤng PhẦn mỀm Electronic

8/14/2019 hng dn s dng Phn mm Electronic

1/94

HNG DN S DNG PHN MM ELECTRONICWORKBENCH 5.12

Hin nay, vi s h tr ca my tnh vic th nghim v ch to cc mch in tr nn

n gin hn nhiu. Nh c nhng phn mm h tr ny, cho php ngi ch to tnthi gian cho vic th nghim nhiu ln trn thc t v vic thit k thun li hn nhiu.C rt nhiu phm mm lin quan n thit k v m phng in. Trong gii hn bi ny,xin gii thiu vi cc bn phn hng dn s dng phn mm ELECTRONICWORKBENCH 5.12. y l mt phn mm m phng trc quan v in t, d thao tcvi ngi s dng. n hin thi c phin bn 10.0. Tuy nhin, chng ti vn giithiu phin bn 5.12 v vn c rt nhiu bn s dng phin bn ny, v nhng phin bnsau ny c nng cp t cc phin bn trc , cho nn t phn c s ny bn c thtm hiu d dng hn i vi cc phin bn cao hn.

Ti liu hng dn gm hai phn:

PHN TRA CU: Dng tra cu cc chc nng ca cc cng c lm vic ca phnmm ELECTRONIC WORKBENCH 5.12. Gm cc loi sau:

Cc thanh chc nng Th vin linh kin Thit b o kim

PHN THC HNH: Gm

Cc bi thc hnh c bn

Cc bi thc hnh nng cao

V TR CA EWB TRONG MN HC C.A.A

C.A.A.l tn ca mn hc Gii tch mch vi s tr gip my tnh, vit tt t thutng ComputerAided Analysis. tin cho vic trnh by trong gio trnh, ngi vit xinc php dng thut ng vit tt ny thay th cho tn mn hc "Gii tch mch vi str gip my tnh" trong ton b gio trnh in t. y l mt mn hc c rt nhiucc trng i hc, cao ng trn ton th gii s dng. N trang b cho sinh vin cc

kin thc c bn v my tnh, t sinh vin c thphn tch mch, h thng in quacc cng c m mn hc h tr. Xin ng nhm thut ng "phn tch mch" y theongha l "c c nguyn l lm vic ca mch", m hy hiu theo hng phn tch chitit tng linh kin thnh phn tham gia mch... k c ca ngi thit k, t c thphn tch u nhc im ca mch, gip ngi s dng cng c d dng hn trong vicci tin mch theo hng mnh mun. Tu vo tng trng, tng ngnh, tng cp hc,cc cng c c trang b trong mn hc cng khc i. C th vi cc trng thin vthit k, ngi ta s dng Matlab; cc trng ch yu thc hnh c th dng Electronics
http://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/coban.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/nang_cao/nangcao.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/coban.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/nang_cao/nangcao.htm


2/94

Workbench (EWB), Pspice, CircuitMaker, Orcad ... Ti b mn in t trng i hcs phm k thut Tp H Ch Minh, chng ti s dng EWB v Pspice. Tm li, phnmm Electronics Workbench chnh l mt cng c m mn hc C.A.A mun trang b chosinh vin. Ngoi cng c l phn mm EWB, mn hc C.A.A cn trang b cho sinh vinngnh in t cc kin thc v m hnh ton hc ca cc linh kin in t, gii thiu v

cu trc phn cng my tnh ... l mt cng c, th chnh bn thn phn mm ny khng th t n thit k

nn mch in, m n ch tr gip ngi thit k trong vic tnh ton: ngha l nu ngis dng khng bit thit k th phn mm ny cng chng thit k c g ngoi cc vd mu mang tnh minh ho. Khng nn hiu thut ng EDA (Electric and ElecctronicsDesign Automation) l phn mm c th t n thit k c mch in. Chnh xc l nch lm cho vic thit k tr nn d dng hn nh vo tc tnh ton cc nhanh ca n.C mt cu ni c v dn d nhng din t rt chnh xc trng hp ny, l:"Vi mytnh, nu ta a vo rc n s cho ra rc".

Trong cc phn mm m phng hin nay, EWB l mt trong nhng phn mmthc dng nht. Do vy sinh vin s c nhiu thun li khi tip cn vi phn mmElectronics Workbench.

MT S C IM

Nu em so snh gia Electronics Workbench (EWB) vi Orcad (sau khi stnhp vi MicroSim) hay Pspice v kh nng m phng th EWB khng mnh bng.Nhng nu chng ta hiu c tn gi, th cng phn no hiu c c tnh c bn caphn mm ny v hiu c v sao n vn c ch ng nht nh trong thc t! Thutng "work-bench" trong ting Anh c ngha l bn lm vic ca th. C ngha l: khi thao

tc trn EWB, ta c cm gic ging nh ang lm vic trn bn th vy... No l ly tnglinh kin cm vo bng mch, ri hn ni dy gia chng li vi nhau theo s mmnh mong mun, sau lp cc c cu o o cc thng s cn kho st v sau khi quan st k lng th ... cp in cho mch xem kt qu. n y th bt u c khc:Nu nh mch thc t c th b "xt khi" hay chy n, h linh kin, c cu o... ngha ltn hao tin ca, th y chng ta yn tm. Chng trnh EWB s bo hiu cho chng tabit m khng h c s c hng hc, h hao no.

Trong mch thc t, ngoi tn hiu thc n cn chng chp vo v s nhngtn hiu nhiu m nu l ngi thiu kinh nghim trong thc t kh lng bn nhn rac u l tn hiu tht cn kho st. Trong khi vi EWB th tn hiu nhn c l tnhiu tht 100%.

Vi mch thc t, khi mun mch tm ng yn mt trng thi bt k ghi nhn ktqu lm vic l chuyn kh th vi EWB rt n gin: bn ch cn nhn bn gc phi camn hnh ngay di nt cng-tc ngun th mch s tm dng li bn ghi nhn ktqu. Mun mch chy tr li ch cn nhn nt 'Pause" thm mt ln na.

Chng trnh EWB c th chng chp nhiu kt qu phn tch ln mt thphn tch trong khi mch thc t i hi phi lm i lm li nhiu ln, mi ln u phighi kt nhn kt qu. T y, vic phn tch mch s d dng hn khi s dng EWB.Cc c cu o, thit b hin th trong EWB rt phong ph v cht lng th tuyt vi, nu


3/94

thc t bn mun s hu y cc thit b trn th ""hi b" kh! Cc thit b trn sgip bn rt nhiu trong vic phn tch mch. Bn c cm gic nh c lm vic trongmt phng th nghim rt hin i.Cng nh cc phn mm phn tch mch khc, EWB c cc cng c thng k tnh tonrt nhanh m nu tnh bng tay c l phi tn mt thi gian kh di hon thnh (i

lc khng tnh c). Tt nhin, yu cu ni ngi s dng EWB phi c c mt trnh c bn nht nh.Nhng nu ch nu nhng u im m b qua nhc im th tht l phin din. "Nhnv thp ton" nn sn phm con ngi to ra cng khng trnh khi nhng sai st nhtnh. Chng trnh EWB vn tn ti mt s nhc im sau:

Do EWB dng phng php Newton-Raphson gii quyt cc mch in phituyn, ngha l khi gp cc linh kin phi tuyn EWB s tuyn tnh ho chng v th s dnn cc sai s. Khi cc sai s ny cn nm trong dung sai c ch nh trc trong qutrnh phn tch mch (trong menu Analysis), th kt qu vn c hin th. Nu sai s nyvt qu mc cho php, thng tin bo li (Error) s hin ra v vic phn tch s b hyb, trong khi mch thc t c th vn chy tt.

Do EWB ch yu nh tnh t nh lng, v d vi mt transistor BJT: Pspice cng thiim dng n 14 thng s m phng trong khi EWB ch c 10. Nn sai s xy ra khln. iu ny cng l gii v sao cng mt cu hnh my tnh, mch in, cc yu cuphn tch... EWB chy nhanh v t b "treo" hn Pspice.

Tnh lin thng gia cc phn mm ca EWB cha cao: nu nh Pspice vOrcad (lc cha st nhp) c th dung np d dng rt nhiu phn mm v v phn tchmch khc th EWB khng c d dng nh trn.

Vi nhng c tnh va phn tch trn, ta nhn thy EWB rt thch hp cho cclp thc tp, trung cp hoc cng nhn lnh ngh. V y yu cu chnh l nh tnh;cn nh lng l khng cao. c bit rt thch hp i vi cc k thut vin sa chain t (s, trung ln cao cp), EWB c th xem nh mt bn th "cao cp".

PHN I : CC THANH CHC NNG

Sau khi vic khi ng phn mm EWB 5.12 hon tt, vo phn mm ta thy trn mn

hnh my tnh c cc thanh nh sau:

THANH TRNH N

THANH CNG C
http://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01_02.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01_02.htm


4/94

xem cng dng ca cc thanh trn, hy click chut trn cc biu tng tng ng

m bn mun xem.

THANH TRNH N

Thanh trnh n cha cc lnh menu chnh. Trong lnh menu chnh c cha cc lnh

menu con h tr cho vic m phng mch in.

1. File:

Trong trnh n ny cha cc lnh nh sau:

- New: M ca s thit k mi cha c t tn ( Untitled).

Nu chuyn sang mt mch in khc, chng trnh s nhc

lu li mch in trong mn hnh thit k trc khi m mnhnh thit k khc.

Khi khi ng chng trnh, ca s thit k mch mi s t

ng xut hin.

- Open: M mt tp tin mch in c lu trc y.

Bnh thng, hp thoi Open s xut hin. Nu cn thit c

th chuyn i qua li gia cc a hay cc th mc c

cha tp tin cn m. Chng trnh ch m nhng tp tin cphn m rng l : *.CA*, * .Cd*, v *.Ewb (trong mi

trng Windows).

- Save: Lu tp tin mch in hin hnh. Thng thng, hp

thoi lu tr tp tin s xut hin. C th chn th mc hoc
http://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/01_02.htm


5/94

chuyn i a trong hp thoi l tr. i vi ngi s

dng h iu hnh Windows, phn m rng ca tp tin mch

in s l .EWB t ng cng thm vo. V d : mch in

c tn l DaoDong s c lu li di dng tp tin ca

chng trnh l : DaoDong.EWB.

- Save As: Khi mun chuyn i tn tp tin t tp tin gc th chn lnh Save As v tp tin

c s khong thay i. Ch : tp tin trong phin bn 5.12 s khng th m c trong

phin bn 5.0. Ngc li, cc tp tin trong phin bn 5.0 sau khi lu li v chuyn vo

danh sch nhng tp tin ca phin bn 5.12 s c cng trnh hiu nh l tp tin mc

nh ca phin bn 5.12.

- Revert to Saved: Phc hi mch in theo cch lu cui cng.

- Import... : Chuyn tp tin ca chng trnh SPICE c phn m rng l *.Net hay *.Cir

trong h iu hnh Windows thnh dng s nguyn l.

Ch : chng trnh Electronics Workbench s ch nhn din nhng im ni nhau

trong mch, nu bng s im ni cho php ca chng trnh. Nu vt qu s lng

cho php th chng trnh s thay i tn nhng im ni v v cung cp nhng thng tin

mi ny trong hp thoi.

- Export...: i vi nhng ngi s dng h iu hnh Windows, bt k mt tp tin

mch in no lu tr theo nh dng tp tin c phn m rng l *.Net, *.Scr, *.Cmp,

*.Cir, *.Plc. Chuyn s nguyn l ca chng trnh sang phn mm khc c h tr

thit k mch in.


6/94

- Print...:

In mch in hay mt phn ca mch in v kt qu ca cc dng c o

ra giy. Khi nhp chut vo biu tng my in trn thanh cng c, hp

thoi Print s xut hin vi cc chn la kiu in :

In mch in : Circuit.

In s nguyn l : nhp chut vo Schematic.

For printing, zoom to : phng ln hay thu nh phn cn in ra giy,

chng trnh h tr cho cc kch thc t 20% n 500%. Nu khng xcnh c kch thc s in th chn Fit to page chng trnh s t iu

chnh sao cho s s c in ra mt trang giy.

Description : in phn v mch in.

Parts list : in mt phn bng k khai cc thng s mch in.

Model list : chn kiu bng thng k khai bo cc thng s ca mch in.

Subcircuit : in cc thnh phn mch in nhnh.

Instruments: In thng s ca cc dng c o .

Multimeter : in thng s o ca my o V.O.M.

Function Generator : in thng s o ca my pht sng.

Oscilloscope :in thng s o ca my o dng sng v dng sng ti im ang kim

tra.

Bode Ploter : in thng s o ca my v gin Bode.


7/94

Word Generator : in cc thng s ca my pht t.

Logic Convertor : in cc thng s ca my chuyn i Logic nh bng s tht (a

Truth Table), biu thc Boolean.

Boolean Expresstion : ch in biu thc Boolean trong my chuyn i Logic.

XY Plot : ch in th theo hai trc X v Y trong cc bng thng k thng s ca mch

in.

- Ch : Th t trang in s hin ra khi nhp chut vo cn in. Ch nhng c ch

hin ra l c th in c cn cc ch m th khng chn in ra giy c.

- Print setup: Sau khi chn lnh ny, hp thoi Print Setup s xut hin vi cc thng s

in chun t c th thay i li cc thng s cho my in v nh dng cho hnh nh, kh

giy, ngun giy v mt s chn la khc. Nu mch in qu ln, n s t ng tri rngv in ra vi s giy nhiu hn s giy d tnh.

THANH CNG C

Ngay di thanh trnh n chnh l thanh cng c. Thanh ny cha cc cng c iu

khin vic m phng tng t nh khi click t menu nhng nhanh hn. Do ngha ca


8/94

cc biu tng trong thanh ny ging nh trong thanh trnh n nn y gio trnh ch

nu chc nng ca tng nt trong bng sau .

New: m tp tin mi.

Open: m mt tin lu.

Save: Lu tp tin ang hin hnh.

Print: cho php in.

Cut: ct mt phn t a vo Clipboard

Copy: Sao chp tp tin.

Paste: Dn tp tin t Clipboard vo mn hnh hin hnh.

Rotate, Flip Horizontal, Flip Vertical: xoay chuyn linh kin.

Create Subcircuit: To mch in ph tr.

Display Graphs: cho php hin th ci du.

Component Properties: Chnh sa thuc tnh

Zoom In, Zoom out: phng to thu nh i tng.

T l xem mch in trn mn hnh.

Help: hng dn bng ting Anh.

PHN II : TH VIN LINH KIN

Khi m mn hnh giao din chnh ca EWB 5.12, ngay di thanh

menu hin hu thanh th vin linh kin. y chnh l ni EWB cha

cc linh kin phc v cho vic m phng. Thanh ny c dng nh sau:


9/94

Ni dung trong tng hp cng c trong thanh ny trnh by qua

bng sau (Nhp chut vo biu tng ca tng hp linh kin xem

chng loi linh kin):


10/94

Sources : cha tt c nhng b ngun c sn trong chng trnh

Electronics WorkBench bao gm ngun Pin (Battery), ngun xoay

chiu (AC voltage source), ngun mt chiu (Vcc source), ngun

pht sng FM (FM source).

Basic : cha nhng thnh phn c bn c trong mch in t c

thit k sn trong chng trnh bao gm in tr (Resistor), t

in (Capacitor), r-le (Relay), bin p (Transformer), tip im...

Diode : cha nhng kiu Diode c sn trong Electronics

WorkBench bao gm Diac, Triac, Diac, Thyristor, diode Shockley,

Led, Diode zener, cu diode.

Transistors : cha nhng linh kin thuc h transistor bn dn c

sn trong chng trnh bao gm transistor BJT; JFET knh P, knh

N; MOSFET knh N, knh P; GaAS FET knh N, knh P.

Analog ICs : cha nhng b khuch i thut ton bao gm b

khuch i thut ton 3, chn, 5 chn (5-terminal opamp), 9 chn

(9-terminal opamp), b so snh (Comparator), mch vng kho

pha (phase-locked loop).

Mixer ICs : cha cc vi mch lai bao gm nhng b chuyn i

Analog sang Digital v t Digital sang Analog, mch n n

(Monostable), vi mch 555.

Digital ICs: cha nhng vi mch s cho chng trnh EWB 5.12.

Bao gm nhng vi mch thuc h 74XX, 741XX, 742XX, 4XXX.Logic Gate : cha cc cng logic c trong chng trnh m phng

nhcng NOT, AND v cc IC cha nhng cng logic nh IC cng

NAND, cng EXOR.

Digital : chanhng thnh phn lin quan n mch s nhmch

cng bn phn (Half - Adder), cc Flip - Flop (Flip-Flops), b dn

knh (multiplexer), thanh ghi dch (shift register), b m ho

(encode).Indicators : cha nhng thnh phn hin th c trong chng

trnh bao gm ng h o in p (Voltmeter), o dng in

(Ammeter), bng n (Bulb), Led 7 on (7-segment display), b

hin th di ( bargraph Display).

Control : cha nhng khi s dng trong t ng iu khin bao

gm b vi phn in p (voltage differentiator), khi tng li

in p (voltage gain block), b nhn (multiplier), gii hn in p(voltage limiter), b chia (divider).
http://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_11.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_10.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_09.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_08.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_07.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_06.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_05.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_04.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_03.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_02.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/02_01.htm


11/94

PHN III: THIT B O KIM

Thit b o lng c ct gi trn thanh cng c linh kin v nm trong biu tng cui

cng ca thanh, biu tng y c mang tn : Instruments.

Khi biu tng c kch chn. Lc ny, ca s Instruments hin ra: cha 7

biu tng ca cc thit b o lng.

ly thit b s dng trong vic kho st dng sng hoc o c cc thng s k

thut ca mch in, hy di chuyn con tr n mt biu tng, bng tn ca thit b shin ra. Nu ng thit b cn chn, ta ch vic click v r chut n v tr d nh t

thit b.

tm hiu tnh nng ca tng thit b o kim, hy click vo tng biu tng trong

bng sau:

Multimeter: ng h o vn nng (V; O; A; dB).
http://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_01.htm


12/94

Function Generator: My pht sng: sin, rng ca, vung.

Oscilloscope: Dao ng k hai tia.

Bode Ploter: My v gin Bode.

Word Generator: My pht t (t 16 bits).

Logic Analyser: My phn tch mch logic.

Logic converter: B chuyn i logic.

BI THC HNH C BN: ELECTRONIC WORKBENCH 5.12.

Cc phn trong phn ny l cc bi thc hnh c bn cc bn lm quen vi cc sdng chng trnh, cc bi tp n gin vi 6 bi nh sau

Bi 1: Mch chnh lu Bi 2: Mch khuch i Bi 3: Mch dao ng 555 Bi 4: Thanh ghi dch Bi 5: Mch m Bi 6: n giao thng

BI 1: MCH CHNH LU

Kho st mch chnh lu bn k nh hnh v sau:
http://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/01_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/02_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/03_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/04_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/05_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/06_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_07.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_06.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_05.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_04.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_03.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/ewb/03_02.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/01_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/02_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/03_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/04_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/05_01.htmhttp://codientu.info/codientu/ki_thuat_cdt/dien_tu/phan_mem/workbench/co_ban/06_01.htm


13/94

1.Mc ch - yu cu :

- Gip cho cc bn cng c kin thc v mch chnh lu . Nm vng

nguyn l hot ng v cch thit k mch chnh lu theo s nguyn

l . Bit cch la chn cc linh kin t thanh cng c v o c cc thng

s k thut ca mch nh vo cc thit b o.

- Lm quen dn vi cc nt cng c trong phn mm EWB 5.12.

- Hiu su hn v mch chnh lu thng qua bi tp.

2.Cc bc tin hnh :

thit k mch in trn, cc bn cn phi khi ng chng trnh

Electronics WorkBench bng cch chn lnh Start > Programs >

Electronics WorkBench > Electronics WorkBench.

Sau khi khi ng chng trnh EWB, mn hnh EWB xut hin v

chng ta s tin hnh m phng mch in ny theo cc bc nh sau :

Bc 1: Ly linh kin.

Cc bn hy dng chut nhp

vo biu tng linh kin diode

m hp linh kin ny.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn chut vo nt Diode,ko n vo mn

hnh thit k v t ti v tr thch hp. Sau nhn vo nt bn trn

gc phi ca hp linh kin ng hp linh kinny li.

Tip theo bn hy nhp chut vo hp linh kinBasic, m ca s

Basic. Trong ca s Basic va m, bn hy chn nt c biu tng in


14/94

tr v ly n ra mn hnh tng t nh ly diode (xem cc bc ny phn

thc hnh).

Do chng trnh mc nh i vi in tr l nm ngang v vy, cn

phi xoay cho in tr nm dc bng cch nhp chut chn in tr cnxoay sao cho in tr bin thnh mu , v sau nhp chut vo nt

Rotate(Phm tt Ctrl + R)trn thanh cng c (lnh ny s xoay linh

kin mt gc 900 theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h).

Sau khi nhp vo nt Rotate, in tr s xoay mt gc 900 so vi lcu.

Trong hp linh kin Basic, chn t in khng cc tnh (Capacitor),

nhn v ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th

chut.

Cng nh i vi in tr, t in cng nm ngang theo ch mc

nh ca chng trnh v cc bn hy dng lnh Rotate xoay t in ny

theo chiu dc tng t nh cch xoay in tr trnh by trn.

V cng chnh trong ca s Basic, cc bn dng chut nhp v gi

vo biu tng bin th. Nhng trong mch chnh lu bn k th cc bn

phi ly bin th khng c im gia. Ri sau , ko biu tng vo

trong mn hnh thit k v t ti v tr thch hp v th chut ra. Sau ,

ng ca s ny li bng cch nhp vo nt Close c hnh gc trn

bn phi ca ca s Basic.

ly ngun cung cp cho mch th cc bn hy dng chut nhp vo

biu tng ngun Sources. Lc ny , ca sSourceshin ra.

Khi ca s ngun hin ra, cc bn ch cn nhp v gi chut vo biu


15/94

tng ngun AC Voltage Source. Sau , ko biu tng ngun v

t vo v tr m cc bn cn thit k, ri th chut. Trong hp linh kin

Sources cn m, bn hy chn Ground v ko n vo ca s thit k,

t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Bc 2 : Sp xp cc linh kin theo nh s nguyn l.

Mun di chuyn linh kin th cc bn lm nh sau : dng chut nhp

v gi linh kin cn di chuyn. Sau , r chut ti mt v tr m mong

mun, ri th chut ra. Bn c th chnh sa v tr cho cc linh kin theo

dng sau:

Bc 3 : Chn tr s v nhn cho linh kin .

Trong bi tp ny, gi tr ca cc linh kin l: R = 1K, C = 50mF, V =

24V/50Hz/0 Deg, Diode loi D1N4001.

Nhp chut phi vo linh kin th ng (R,L,C...), mt trnh n tri

xung s xut hin, nhp chut vo lnh Component Properties.

Ca s Properties ca linh kin tng ng s xut hin, trong bng

Label hy nhp tn Rvo Label, gi tr vo bng Value.


16/94

Nhp chut vo nt OK khi nhp xong.


17/94

Nhp chut phi vo Diode, mt trnh n s s xung. Trong trnhn ny, bn hy nhn chut chn lnh Component Propeties.

Ca s Diode Properties xut hin. Trong ca s ny, hu ht cc

linh kin u c t ch mc nh (default) l l tng (ideal). Do

, chn loi Diode D1N4001 th cc bn hy chn lnh Modelsv

chn tn nh sn xut linh kin l internattrong ct Library . Sau ,

hy chn loi D1N4001trong ct Model.


18/94

Cui cng, chn nhp chut vo nt OK.

Nhp chut phi vo ngun AC Voltage Source,trong trnh n s

xung hy chn lnhComponent Properties.

Sau khi chn lnhComponent Properties,ca s AC Voltage

Source Propertiesxut hin. Trong ca s ny, bn hy chn lnh

Value v tin hnh thay i gi tr ca ngun bng cch nhp gi tr 24

(n v V) trong Voltage(V); nhp gi tr 50vo Frequency (n v

Hz). Sau hy nhn OK chp nhn cc thng s va nhp vo.


19/94

Bc 4 : Ni mch theo s nguyn l c th ni mch c d dng v nhanh chng th cc bn hy tin

hnh nh sau.

t mi tn con tr ngay ti mt chn ca cun s cp bin p sao cho

xut hin mt chm en, lc ny nhp v gi chut ri ko n u

dng ca ngun in. Khi thy ti y cng xut hin mt chm en th

cc bn hy th chut ra. Kt qu l ta c mt ng ni mch.

t con tr ngay ti chn cn li ca cuc s cp bin p sao cho xut

hin chm en, ri ko chut n u m ca ngun in. Khi thy xut

hin chm en th hy th chut ra.


20/94

t mi tn con tr ngay ti chn Anode ca Diode, sao cho xut hin

du chm en. Sau bn hy ko chut n mt u th cp ca bin

p, khi thy xut hin chm en th hy th chut ra.

t mi tn con tr chut ngay ti chn Catode ca Diode sao cho xut

hin chm en, ri ko chut n chn dng ca t in. n khi thy

xut hin chm en ti chn dng th bn hy th chut ra.

tcon tr chut ngay ti chn in tr, khi xut hin chm en th hyko chut n ni vi im gia ca on dy ni Diode v t in sao

cho xut hin chm trn nh ri th chut.

t mi tn con tr chut ti chn cn li ca in tr sao cho xut hin

chm en ri ko chut n ni vi mass.

`t mi tn con tr ngay ti chn cn li cha ni dy ca t in,


21/94

sau khi xut hin chm en th nhp chut v ko n im gia on

dy ni ca in tr v Mass. Khi thy xut hin mt vng trn nh th

bn hy th chut ra.

t mi tn con tr chut ti u cn li ca cun th cp bin p, khi

xut hin du chm en th nhp chut v ko n im ni Mass chung

ca t in v in tr.

Lu :

C i khi, cc bn cng thc hin cch ni mch nh trn, nhngng ni mch khng c kt dnh li vi nhau. Lc ny, cc bn phi

lu n vic kt ni ca chn linh kin, i vi mt chn linh kin ch

cho php cc bn kt ni c mt ln. Cho nn, khi cc bn ni thm

mt chn linh kin khc vo gia 2 chn linh kin ni to thnh

mt nt c 3 ng ( hoc 4 ng ) th phi m bo khong cch gia 2

chn linh kin ln, c th thc hin vic kt ni.

Mi mt nt ch c th kt ni c ti a 4 ng dy.Nu trong qu trnh kt ni m cc dy ni khng c ngay thng

th cc bn ch cn: dng chut nhp vo ng dy ang ni (ng dy

khng ngay thng) v gi chut, ri sau ko chut iu chnh li

sao cho thng hng v th chut (nh hnh 1,2,3,4 bn di).


22/94

1 2

3 4

Sau khi thc hin giai on ni dy, ta s c mt mch in hon chnh

nh sau:

Ngoi ra, cc bn cn c th chn mu sc cho ng dy ni bng

cch nh sau: chn ng dy cn i mu sc v nhp p chut (nhp

2 ln lin tip) vo ng dy. Lc ny, c mt ca s hin ra. Sau ,

cc bn chn mu sc nh mun v nhp vo OK. Kt qu l ng dy

ni s hin ra ng mu m cc bn chn


23/94

Bc 4 : Kho st mch chnh lu bn k.Sau khi cc bn kt ni mch hon chnh, tin hnh vic kho

st dng sng ca mch in th cc bn cn phi ly cc thit b o kimv ni vo trong s mch in nh sau

Trong qu trnh kho st mch, mun xem c dng sng ch cn

cc bn nhp p chut vo ngay ti thit b o, lc ny thit b o s

c phng to v c th trong mch dao ng ny thit b o l dao ng

k. Kt qu s c c mt mn hnh dao ng k kch c ln tin cho

vic kho st dng sng. Mt khc mun tng kch c ca mn hnh dao

ng k ln hn na th cc bn nhp chut vo nt Expand, nt ny pha trn ca mn hnh dao ng k.

Mun thu nh li ging nh hnh dng ban u, cc bn hy nhp

chut vo nt Reduce.

Sau khi tt c c chun b hon chnh th

cc bn bt u cho mch hot ng. mch hot

ng c cc bn nhp nt Activate simulation(nt

ny nm bn gc phi ca mn hnh EWB).

Sau khi mch hot ng th cc bn tin hnh n vic lu li s

mch in, do lu c s mch in ny th ta phi thc

hin nh sau.


24/94

Cc bn c th lu li bng cch nhn chut vo nt Save trn

thanh cng c

3. Ghi nhn kt qu:

bn k dng, ti u anode in p dng hn u Catode nn

Diode dn. bn k m th diode ngng dn.

Sng ng ra ca mch chnh lu bn k c dng nh sau:

Khi gi tr t in nh:

Khi tng gi tr ca t:

T nhng kt qu ghi nhn c nh trn, d dng rt ra nhn xt:

diode chnh lu chuyn ngun xoay chiu thnh mt chiu; gi tr t5 in


25/94

cng ln sng dng in p ng ra cng phng. in p trung bnh trn

ti c th o c bng Voltmeter.

T nhng kt qu ghi nhn c nh trn, d dng rt ra nhn xt: diodechnh lu chuyn ngun xoay chiu thnh mt chiu; gi tr t in cng

ln sng dng in p ng ra cng phng. in p trung bnh trn ti cth o c bng Voltmeter.

4. Bi tp cng c:

Hy thit k mch chnh lu ton sng s dng bin p c im gia

c s dng b lc L, C. Nhn xt v lc phng sng dng in p trn

ti khi:

- Ti cng sut ln.

- Ti cng sut b.BI 2:MCH KHUCH I

Hy m phng mch khuch i sau :

1.Mc ch - yu cu:

- Cng c kin thc v mch khuch i, nm vng nguyn l hotng v cch thit k mch in theo s l thuyt. Bit cch la

chn linh kin t thanh cng c v o c cc thng s k thut ca

mch nh vo cc thit b o.

- S dng tt cc cng c o kim.


26/94

2.Cc bc tin hnh :

Trc tin ta cn phi khi ng chng trnh EWB bng cch: chn

lnh Start > Programs > Electronics WorkBench > ElectronicsWorkBench. Lc ny trn mn hnh s xut hin giao din chnh ca

chng trnh EWB 5.12.

Bc 1: Ly linh kin

Khi ly Transistor cc bn dng chut nhp vo biu tng linh kin

transistor.

Sau khi ca s Transistor hin ra. Cc bn hy dng chut nhp

v gi vo biu tng Transistor loi NPN. V sau , ko biu

tng linh kin Transistor vo trong mn hnh thit k mch, ri t

linh kin ti v tr thch hp ni thit k v th chut. Lc ny, cc bn

s c c mt linh kin Transistor.

Nhp chut vo hp cng c Basic c hnh in tr. Lc ny, ca s

Basic hin ra. Cc bn hy nhp v gi chut vo biu tng linh kin

in trbn trong ca s Basic. Sau , cc bn ko biu tng linh

kin in tr v t vo ti v tr thch hp trong mn hnh thit k, ri

th chut. Lc ny, cc bn s c c mt linh kin in tr.C tip

tc thc hin nh cch trn th cc bn s c c 5 in tr.


27/94

Cng trong ca s Basic trn, cc bn hy nhp v gi chut vo

biu tng linh kin t in. C th trong mch khuch i ny, cc

bn phi ly t in c cc tnh (Polarized Capacitor), sau cc bn

ko biu tng linh kin t in v t vo v tr thch hp trong mn

hnh thit k, ri th chut. Kt qu cc bn c c t in. Thc

hin tng t, ta s c 3 t in.

ly n hin th cho mch khuch i th cc bn hy nhp chut

vo biu tng led 7 on (Indicators).

Lc ny, ca s Indicators hin ra. Bn hy di chuyn con tr vo

biu tng n hin th mang tn: Decoded Bragraph Displayvnhp gi chut vo biu tng; ko biu tng vo mn hnh thit k

v t ng v tr thch hp; ri th chut. Kt qu l cc bn c

c mt n hin th.

Sau khi ly xong tt c cc linh kin th cc bn tin hnh ti

vic ly ngun cung cp cho mch hot ng. Nhp chut vo biu

tng ngun Source.

Khi ca s ngun Source hin ra, cc bn hy nhp v gi chut

vo biu tng ngun Battery v ko biu tng vo mn hnh

thit k v t ti v tr thch hp, ri th chut ra. Sau cc bn


28/94

cng nhp v gi chut vo biu tng ngun in p xoay chiu

(mang tn: AC Voltage Source) ri ko biu tng y vo mn hnh

thit k; t ti v tr thch hp v th chut ra.

Cng chnh ca s Sources, cc bn ly lun ngGroundnhsau: nhp v gi vo biu tng Mass. Sau ko biu tng vo

trong mn hnh thit k mch v t ti v tr thch hp, ri th chut.

Thc hin tng t c 5 im Mass.

Sau khi ly v sp xp linh kin nh trnh by bi tp 1 th cc

bn c s mch in hnh v nh sau :

- Bc 2 : Chn tr s v nhn cho linh kin .

Cch chn li tr s v nhn cho tng linh kin ca mch in sao

cho cc gi tr ph hp vi yu cu ca mch cn thit k. Do ,cch chn tr s v nhn ny c trnh by trong cc bi tp trc,

cho nn ngi thc hin khng trnh by li. Bn cnh , s trnh by

cho cc bn cch g ch ting vit trong Workbench v cch chn tr


29/94

s in p cho n hin th, gip cho sng ht led trong n hin

th.

Cch g ch ting vit trong Workbench :

g ch ting vit trong Workbench th cc bn hy lm nh sau:

mch in, trn n hin th c ghi chHin th, nhm ch thch

cho ngi xem bit c trong mch in linh kin l ci g. Cch

thc hin nh sau: Cc bn hy di chuyn con tr n biu tng c

k hiu chM v nhp chut (k hiu mang tn: Miscelaneous).

Lc ny, ca s hin ra ngay pha di biu tng, ch cn cc bn

nhp v gi chut vo biu tng k hiu chA nm bn trong ca s

(k hiu mang tn : Textbox), sau ko biu tng vo mn hnh

thit k, ri th chut.

K tip , cc bn nhn nt phi chut vo chA, trong trnh n

s xung hy chn lnh Component Properties v kt qu l c mt

ca s Textbox hin ra nh sau :


30/94

Trong Textbox, bn hy nh ch HIN TH vo chn li phongch bng nhp chut vo nt Set

Font. Khi ny, li c thm mt ca

s Font hin ra: cc bn chn Font

VNI-Times, Font style: Bold,

Size:16. Cui cng, di chuyn con

tr vo nt OK v nhp chut.


31/94

Lu : Mc d khi chn Set Font ri nhng ch ca bn s hin ra

di dng mt Font khc. Khi ny cc bn vn c nhn OK thot ra

khi hp Textbox, sau nhp v gi chut vo biu tng ch A; ko

ch HIN TH ra; t vo mn hnh thit k; th chut. Kt qu s c

c ch vi Font VNI - Times.

Mun di chuyn cc ch th ging nh cch di chuyn cc linhkin vy.

Cch chn tr s in p cho n hin th :

lm c iu ny th cc bn hy nhp p chut vo ngay n

hin th. Lc ny, s c mt ca s Decoded Bargraph Display

Properties.

Cc bn hy lu n bin tn hiu ti ng ra cao nht l bao

nhiu t c chia cho 10.V ly gi tr mt phn in vo cho

mc mang tn: Lomest segment turn-on voltage(VL). y chnh l

mc in p nh nht cho php mt n led trong n hin th sng.

Cn mc mang tn Highest segment turn-on voltage(VH), chnh l

mc in p cao nht cho 10 n led sng trong n hin th. Trong

mch in ny, bin tn hiu ra cao nht l khong 21 mV n 22

mV. Do ,cc bn cn phi in vo mc VL: 2 mvv mc VH: 21

mV, nhm mc ch cho 10 bng n led ca n hin th u sng

ht theo s bin thin ca bin tn hiu ti ng ra.


32/94

Bc 3 : Ni mch theo s nguyn l

c th ni mch c d dng v nhanh chng th cc bn hy

tin hnh nh sau :

Cc bn t mi tn con tr ngay ti v tr chn linh kin, sao cho

chn linh kin c xut hin du chm en. Lc ny, nhp v gi chut,

sau cc bn ko chut ti chn linh kin cn ni v cho ti chn

linh kin cng xut hin du chm en th cc bn th chut, kt

qu cc bn s c mt ng ni mch .

Cc bn hy da vo cch ni dy, ln lt to thnh mt mch

in nh hnh v trn ca bi ton.

- Bc 4 : Kho st mch khuch i dng transistor.

Sau khi cc bn kt ni mch hon chnh v tin hnh n vic kho st dng sng ca mch

in th cc bn cn phi ly cc thit b o kim theo cch ly linh kin nh trnh by trn, v ni

vo trong s nguyn l nh mch in yu cu



c phng to v c th trong mch schmitt trigger ny thit b o l

dao ng k. Kt qu s c c mt mn hnh dao ng k kch c

ln tin cho vic kho st dng sng.

Mt khc mun tng kch c ca mn hnh dao ng k ln hn na

th cc bn nhp chut vo nt Expand. Mun thu nh li ging nh

hnh dng ban u, bn hy nhp chut vo nt Reduce.

Sau khi tt c c chun b hon chnh th cc

bn bt u cho mch hot ng . mch hotng c cc bn nhp nt Activate simulation

(nt ny nm bn gc phi ca mn hnh EWB).


33/94


mch in bng cch nhn chut vo nt Save trn thanh cng c.

Khi ca s SaveCircuit File xut hin.

t tn cho mch in bn va thit k vo khung File name. Sau

nhp vo nt Save, vy l mch in ca bn c t tn l

Amplifier.ewb v tn ny s nm gc trn bn tri ca mn hnh

thit k.

3. Kt lun :in p ng ra ca mch khuch i nh sau

Sng ng ra ca mch khuch i dng transistor c dng nh sau:


34/94

4/ Bi tp cng c:

Thit k mch khuch i y-ko (push-pull) ch B v AB. Nhn

xt v si dng sng in p v nhy ca mch.

BI 3: MCH DAO NG (555)

Kho st mch dao ng s dng IC 555 c s nguyn l

nh sau:


35/94

1.Mc ch - yu cu :

- Cng c kin thc v vi mch 555, mt vi mch lai (hybrid) rt ni

ting v tnh ph dng ca n. Nm vng nguyn l hot ng v cch

thit k mch s dng IC 555 . Bit cch la chn cc linh kin tthanh cng c v o c cc thng s k thut ca mch nh vo cc

thit b o.

- S dng thng tho cc thit b o kim phn tng t.

2.Cc bc tin hnh :

thit k mch in trn, cc bn cn phi khi ng chng

trnh Electronics WorkBench bng cch chn lnh Start >

Programs > Electronics WorkBench > Electronics WorkBench.

Sau khi khi ng chng trnh EWB, mn hnh EWB xut hin

v chng ta s tin hnh v s mch in ny theo cc bc nh

sau :

-Bc 1 : Ly linh kin.Cc bn hy dng chut nhp

vo th vin vi mch lai m hp

linh kin cha IC 555.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn

chut vo nt 555; ko n vo

mn hnh thit k v t ti v

tr thch hp.Sau nhn vo nt Close (c

hnh du X) bn trn gc phi ca

hp linh kin ng hp linh kin

ny li. Tip theo bn hy nhp chut


36/94

vo hp linh kin Basic m ca

s Basic.

Trong ca s Basic va m, bn hy chn nt c biu tng in

tr (Resistor)

Do chng trnh mc nh i vi in tr l nm ngang v vy, cn

phi xoay cho in tr nm dc bng cch nhp chut chn in tr

cn xoay sao cho in tr bin thnh mu , v sau nhp chut

vo nt Rotate (Phm tt Ctrl + R)trn thanh cng c (lnh ny s

xoay linh kin mt gc 900 theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h).

Sau khi nhp vo nt Rotate, in tr s xoay mt gc 900 so vi

lc u. Trong hp linh kin Basic cn ang m, chn t in khng

cc tnh (Capacitor), nhn v ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo

v tr thch hp v th chut.

Cng nh i vi in tr, t in cng nm ngang theo ch mc

nh ca chng trnh v cc bn hy dng lnh Rotate xoay t in

ny theo chiu dc tng t nh cch xoay in tr trnh by trn

.

V cng chnh trong ca s Basic, cc bn dng chut nhp vo

biu tng bin th (ly bin th khng c im gia). Ri sau , ko


37/94

biu tng vo trong mn hnh thit k v t ti v tr thch hp v

th chut ra.

Sau , ng ca s ny li bng cch nhp vo nt Closec hnh ch

X gc trn bn phi ca ca s Basic.

ly ngun cung cp cho mch th cc bn hy dng chut nhp

vo biu tng ngun Sources.

Lc ny, ca sSourceshin ra .

Khi ca s ngun hin ra, cc bn ch cn nhp v gi chut vo

biu tng ngun Battery. Sau , ko biu tng ngun v t

vo v tr m cc bn cn thit k, ri th chut. Trong hp linh kin

Sources cn m, bn hy chn im ni t c biu tng ni t

(Ground) v ko n vo ca s thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th

chut.

Bc 2 : Sp xp cc linh kin theo nh s nguyn l.


38/94

Mun di chuyn linh kin th cc bn lm nh sau : dng chut

nhp v gi linh kin cn di chuyn. Sau , ko chut ti mt v tr

m mong mun, ri th chut ra.

Bc 3 : Chn tr s v nhn cho linh kin.

Trong bi tp ny, gi tr ca cc linh kin l: R1= 6,8K; R2=3,3K;

C = 0,1uF; C2 = 0,01uF; R3 = 12K; V = 5VDC. iu chnh gi tr

cho cc linh kin, ta ln lt thc hin nh sau:

Nhp chut phi vo in tr R1, mt trnh n s s xut hin,

nhp chut vo lnh Component Properties. Ca s Resistor

Properties s xut hin, trong bng Label hy nhp tn Rvo

Label.


39/94

Nhp chut vo nt OK khi nhp xong. Nhp chut phi vo t

in C, trong trnh n s xung hy nhp chut chn lnh

Component Propertiesnhp tng t nh trn.

Nhp chut phi vo ngun Battery,trong trnh n s xung hy

chn lnhComponent Properties.

Sau khi chn lnhComponent Properties,trong ca s ny, bnhy chn lnhValuev tin hnh thay i gi tr ca ngun bng cch

nhp gi tr 5 (n v V) trong Voltage(V). Sau hy nhn OK

chp nhn cc thng s va nhp vo.


40/94

Bc 4 : Ni mch theo s nguyn l.

Sau khi thc hin giai on ni dy, ta s c mt mch in hon

chnh nh sau:


41/94

Ngoi ra, cc bn cn c th chn mu sc cho ng dy ni bng

cch nh sau: chn ng dy cn i mu sc v nhp p

chut (nhp 2 ln lin tip) vo ng dy. Lc ny, c mt ca s

hin ra. Sau , cc bn chn mu sc nh mun v nhp vo OK.

Kt qu l ng dy ni s hin ra ng mu m cc bn chn.

Bc 4 : Kho st mch chnh lu bn k.

Sau khi cc bn kt ni mch hon chnh, tin hnh vic

kho st dng sng ca mch in th cc bn cn phi ly cc thit b

o kim v ni vo trong s mch in nh sau


42/94



c phng to v c th trong mch dao ng ny thit b o l daong k. Kt qu s c c mt mn hnh dao ng k kch c ln

tin cho vic kho st dng sng. Mt khc mun tng kch c ca

mn hnh dao ng k ln hn na th cc bn nhp chut vo nt

Expand, nt ny pha trn ca mn hnh dao ng k. Mun thu nh

li ging nh hnh dng ban u, cc bn hy nhp chut vo nt

Reduce.

Sau khi tt c c chun b hon chnh

th cc bn bt u cho mch hot ng.

mch hot ng c cc bn nhp nt Activate

simulation(nt ny nm bn gc phi ca mn

hnh EWB).


mch in, do lu c s mch in ny th ta phi thc

hin nh sau.

Cc bn c th lu li bng cch nhn chut vo nt Save trn

thanh cng c (xem trong phn thc hnh).

t tn cho mch in va thit k vo khung File name, sau

nhp vo nt Save, vy l mch in ca bn c t tn l

Rectifier.ewbv tn ny s nm gc trn bn tri ca mn hnh

thit k.

3. Kt lun :

Sng ng ra ca mch chnh lu bn k c dng nh sau :


43/94

d dng hn trong vic tnh ton v quan st, click nt Expand

phng to mn hnh dao ng k.

in p trn t dao ng gia hai tr s Vcc/3 v 2Vcc/3.

4. Bi tp cng c :


44/94

Hy thit k mch dao ng a hi dng vi mch 555 c tn s sng

dng ng ra khng i nhng iu khin c t l gia Ton v Toff

( thi gian ng ra mc cao v thi gian ng ra mc thp)

BI 4: THANH GHI DCH

M phng thanh ghi dch dng Flip-Flop D nh hnh v sau:

1. Mc ch-Yu cu:

- Lm quen dn vi vic v mch in cn m phng c th nh cch

ly cc linh kin t thanh cng c, cch ni dy trong chng trnh

Electronics WorkBench v tin hnh m phng. T cng c kin

thc v mch ghi chuyn m phng theo IC 74164.

- S dng c cc th vin linh kin s v cc thit b phn tch s.

2. Trnh t m phng:

Khi ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBench bng cch chn

lnh Start > Programs > Electronics WorkBench > Electronics


45/94

WorkBench. Ngay sau mn hnh lm vic ca chng trnh xut

hin vi mt ca s thit k cn trng.

Tin hnh thit k mch in trn trong ca s thit k theo cc

bc nh sau :

BC 1: Ly linh kin ra mn hnh thit k.

Trc tin bn cn c 4 Flip - Flop D loi D Flip-Flop with Ative

Low Asynch Input chn trn thanh cng c hp linh kin Digital.

Nhp chut vo m hp linh kin ny ra.

Trong ca s Digital hy chn D Flip-Flop with Ative Low

Asynch Input.

Nhp chut ln linh kin ny sao cho ti con tr xut hin biu

tng ca linh kin th bn ko n vo trong ca s thit k v th

chut ra.

Sau bn lp li theo cch trn 3 ln na c 4 Flip - Flop D

loi D Flip-Flop with Ative Low Asynch Input.

Tip theo bn cn phi ly 4 bng n bng cch a con trchut chn hp linh kin Indicator trn thanh cng c.


46/94

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin ny m ca s Indicator. Trong

ca s va m, bn hy con tr chn Red Probe c hnh biu tng

ca bng n.

Nhn chut v ko bng nvo ca s thit k, t vo v tr

thch hp v th chut.

Thc hin tng t vi 3 flip-flop cn li.

Sau ly cc cng NOT trong hp linh kin Logic Gate (c biu

tng cng NAND), bn hy chn n trn thanh cng c bng cch

a con tr t vo cc hp linh kin v tn ca hp linh kin Logic

Gate s xut hin ngay di con tr.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin ny m ca s Logic Gate v chn

NOT Gate.

Nhn chut v ko vo trong mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thchhp v th chut.

K n ly 3 cng tc Switch trong hp linh kin Basic (c biu

tng hnh in tr), bn hy chn n trn thanh cng c bng cch


47/94

a con tr t vo cc hp linh kin v tn ca hp linh kin s xut

hin ngay di con tr.

Nhp vo hp linh kin ny

m ca s Basic.

Tm cng tc Switch trong ca s va m v ko n vo trong mn

hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Tip tc ly thm ba cng tc na theo cch tng t.

Ly ngun v Mass ging nh cc bi tp trc.

Trong mn hnh thit k by gi c cc linh kin cn thit cho

mch in chng ta cn thit k.

BC 2: t tn v cc thuc tnh cho cc linh kin.

Bn chn linh kin t tn bng cch a con tr chut n v

nhp chut ln linh kin ny sao cho linh kin chuyn thnh mu .

Sau chn nt lnh Component Properties trn thanh cng c.


48/94

K n bn hy chn vo bng Label bng cch nhp chut vo tn

bng Label.

Trong bng Label bn s thy hai khung mu trng, khung th

nht dng t tn cho linh kin sinh vin ang chn, hy a chutnhp vo khung ny sao cho c mt thanh mu en nhp nhy trong

khung, lc ny bn hy nh vo : FF1.

Sau khi nh tn cho linh kin xong, bn nhp vo nt OK kt

thc qu trnh t tn. Sau khi nhp nt OK th Flip - Flop D th nht

s c tn l FF1. Thc hin tng t vi cc bng Models, Fault,

Display (xem hng dn cc Ph lc).

Tng t nh cc Flip - Flop D, hy nhp nt phi vo cng NOT

m ca s NOT Gate Properties t tn cho cng NOT trong bng

Label v trong bng Models chn Default trong Library; chn

ideal trong Model. V kt thc bng cch nhp vo nt OK.

Tng t cch lm trn i vi 4 bng n: L1, L2, L3, L4.


49/94

i vi cc cng tc, hy m ca s Switch Properties nh cch

trn.

bng gi tr (Value) trong Key c chSpace do chng trnh

mc nh, y l phm dng iu khin cng tc nn bn c ththay i bng cch a con tr chut nhp vo trng ri nh chng

ln gi tr c. V d nh k tA, sau nhp chut vo bng Label

t tn cho cng tc. Trong bng Label, bn nh chPreset vo

trng Label v nhp vo nt OK kt thc qu trnh t tn cho

cng tc. Sau khi nhp nt OK, cng tc c t tn s c tn l

Preset v phm iu khin l A (khi bn nhn phm A trn bn phm,

tip im ny s thay i trng thi).

K n bn t tn cho cng tc th hai l Clock v phm iu

khin l S, cng tc th ba l Clear v phm iu khin l D. Sau

kim tra nh cng tc Preset.

B ngun pin c mc nh l 12 V, bn c th thay i gi tr

ny bng cch m ca s Battery Properties nh i vi cc linh

kin trn c trnh by.

Trong bng Value ( gi tr ) bn c th thay i gi tr in p bng

cch thay gi tr khc trong Voltage. V d nh chn gi tr l 5.

Bn cng c th thay i n v ca in p bng cch nhp chut

vo mt trong hai nt mi tn ln hoc xung chn n v ph hp

cho mch in. Trong ny c 4 mc n v : mV, mV, V v kV.


50/94

Trong mch in ny chng ta s chn ngun Pin l 5V. Sau khichn xong, bn chn OK kt thc. Xem trn mn hnh ngun

c thay i gi tr l 5V.

BC 3: Tin hnh ni mch in.

Bt u t cc Flip - Flop D vi cc chn Preset ni chung vi

nhau bng cch a con tr chut n chn Preset ca FF1 sao cho

u con tr xut hin mt chm en.

Nhn chut v ko n chn Preset

ca FF2 sao cho ti y cng xut

hin mt chm en v ng mch ni

hai chn li vi nhau.

Th chut, chng trnh s

t ng ni mch.

ng mch khng c thng do ta c th chnh sa li cho

thng bng cch chuyn con tr ti nhp vo im ni mu en, con

tr s bin thnh hnh bn tay.


51/94

Gi chut v ko im ni ny ln pha trn v th chut ra. ng

mch s c sa li thng.

Trong qu trnh ni dy nu ni sai chn, v d nh ni chn Q caFF1 vi chn D ca FF2 m li ni sai vi chn Ck ca FF2.

Bn c th g ra bng cch sau : a chut nhp vo ng mch

ni sai, khi ng mch s c t m.

Sau nhp vo nt Delete trn bn phm, chng trnh s hi bn

l : Delete selected items? (Xo biu tng chn?) v bn chn:

Yes (ng ); hoc No (khng ng ) chn li.


52/94

Nu chn Yes ng mch s b xo v bn tin hnh ni li.

Ni cc chn Clear v Ck li vi nhau bng cc cch ni dy nh

trn.

ng mch ni kh quan st do bn c th chnh sa li bng

cch a con tr nhp vo ng mch v gi chut, khi con tr s

bin thnh du hiu mi tn hai chiu.

Nu ng mch nm ngang th mi tn ch hng ln xung,

ng mch nm dc th mi tn ch hng tri phi. Sau khi in

chnh li bn tip tc thc hin cho cc chn Ck cn li. Ni chn Q

ca FF4 vi ng vo ca cng NOT v ng ra ca cng NOT ni vi

chn D ca FF1. Ni cc bng n v cc cng tc vo cc v tr nh

hnh sau :


53/94

Ni ngun dng ca pin vi cc chn chung ca cc cng tc v

u cn li ca ngun ni vi Mass.

Ti y l hon tt bc ni mch. Bn c th lu li bng cch

chn File (Alt + F) trn thanh trnh n. Trong trnh n File bn

chn v nhp chut vo Save A. Ca s Save Circuit File xut hin.

Sau nhp vo nt Save, vy l mch in ca bn c t tn

l mch 74164.ewb.

+ Bc 4 : Kim tra mch.

kim tra mch c hot ng hay khng bn hy nhp chut vocng tc ngun pha bn phi trn thanh cng c (Activate

simulation). Mch in c cp ngun, lc ny ng ra ln 1 lm

n sng (mu ), cn nu mc 0 n khng sng (gi nguyn

trng thi).


54/94

Bn hy bt cc cng tc theo bng sau v in vo bng nhng

trng thi ca cc bng n. Cng tc bt ln l mc cao v bt xung

l mc thp ( Mc cao = 1, mc thp = 0, xung Clock tc ng cnh

ln ).

Preset Clear Clock L1 L2 L3 L40 0 ? 0 1 ? 1 0 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ?

1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ? 1 1 ?

3. Kt lun:

Vi mch in thanh ghi dch trn bn c th thit k mt mch n

qung co n gin c chng trnh thay i c thng qua vic thay

i cch phn hi t cc ng ra v li ng vo. Cho mch hot ng

hiu r hn nguyn l hot ng ca IC 74164.

4. Bi tp cng c:

Hy thit k mch m nh phn khng ng b MOD 10, m ln,

s dng FF D c xung clock tc ng theo cnh ln.

BI 5: MCH M


55/94

M phng mch m nh hnh sau:

1. Mc ch - Yu cu :

Lm quen vi vic s dng phm phi ca chut lm tt trong

EWB 5.12, c th trong bi dng gi nhiu linh kin cng mt

chng loi.

Cng c li nhng kin thc v IC m 7490 v IC gii m

7447.

2. Cc bc tin hnh m phng mch in :

Khi ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBench bng cch nhp

chut vo nt Start > Programs > Electronics WorkBench>

Electronics WorkBench.

- Bc 1 : Ly linh kin vo mn hnh thit k .

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Digital ICs m hp linh kin ny.


56/94

Nhp chut vo IC 7490 (Decade Counter) trong th vin sao

cho thanh sng mu xanh xut hin, nhp chut vo nt Accept

ly IC 7490.

IC 7490 s xut hin ngay di hp linh

kin Digital ICs v c mu .

Nhn chut vo IC 7490; ko vo mn

hnh thit k; t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

IC 7447 s xut hin di hp linh kin Digital ICs; nhn chut

vo, ko vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr tch hp v th chut.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Indicators m hp linh kin ny.


57/94

Lm theo cch ny ly thm 5 cng NOT vo mn hnh thit k.

Tip theo ly 2 ngun +Vcc vo mn hnh thit k.

Trong ca s Sources, ly 2 ngun +Vcc, im ni t Ground;

ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.

Sau khi ly y cc linh kin vo mn hnh thit k, mn hnh

s c dng sau:


58/94

- Bc 2 : Tin hnh ni dy cc linh kin theo s nguyn l

trn.- Bc 3 : Do tnh cht ca mch in, vic cn chnh y ch yu

cc thit b o kim. C th:

Gip vic quan st s chuyn trng thi trong mch m c d dng, chnh my pht

sng dng nh sau:

- Bc 4 : Ghi nhn kt qu.

Qua bi tp trn, cc bn c th thy c hot ng ca IC 7447 vIC 7490 thng qua bng trng thi v mch in c th.

3/ Bi tp cng c:

Hy thit k mch m sn phm vi yu cu c th nh sau:

- m ti a 1000 sn phm.


59/94

- Xo c s "s 0" v ngha. V d: 007 ch hin th s 7.

- Reset c mch m.

BI 6: N GIAO THNG

Hy m phng mch in iu khin n giao thng sau.

1. Mc ch -Yu cu :

- Cng c li kin thc v mch dao ng to xung vung dng IC

555, Flip-Flop D v cc cng logic.

- Gii thiu v cc thit b phn tch mch logic.

- Thng tho cch ly linh kin trong EWB 5.12.

2. Cc bc tin hnh:

Khi ng chng trnh Electronics WorkBench bng cch nhp

chut vo nt Start > Programs > Electronics WorkBench >

Electronics WorkBench.


60/94

- Bc 1 : Ly linh kin.

Cc bn s ly IC 555 bng cch chn hp linh kin Mixed ICs trnthanh cng c. Nhp chut vo hp linh kin ny v chn 555 Timer

c biu tng IC 555.

Nhn chut v ko IC 555 vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr

thch hp trong mn hnh thit k v th chut.

Tip theo hy nhp chut vo hp linh kin Digital m hp linh

kin ny.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn

chut vo nt D Flip-Flop with

Ative Low Asynch Inputs, ko n

vo mn hnh thit k, t vo mn

hnh thit k v th chut.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn chut vo nt 2-Input AND Gate,

ko n vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut.Hy ly 4 cng AND vo mn hnh thit k.


61/94

Trong hp linh kin Digital cn ang m hy nhn chut vo nt

NOT Gate, ko vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th

chut.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Basic m hp linh kin ny.

Trong hp linh kin ny, nhn chut vo nt Resistor, ko n vo

mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut. Hy ko vo

mn hnh 8 in tr. Trong hp linh kin Basic cn ang m, chn t

in khng cc tnh (Capacitor), nhn v ko n vo mn hnh thit

k, t vo v tr thch hp v th chut, cc bn s cn c 2 t in.

Trn thanh cng c cc bn hy chn hp linh kin Sources c biutng ngun Pin v nhp chut vo n m hp linh kin.

Trong hp linh kin Sources, cc bn hy nhn chut vo biu

tng ngun Pin (Battery) v ko n vo ca s thit k t vo v tr

thch hp v th chut.

Trong hp linh kin Sources cn m, bn hy chn MASS c biu

tng ni t (Ground) v ko n vo ca s thit k, t vo v tr

thch hp v th chut. Cc bn s cn n hai Ground.

Nhp chut vo hp linh kin Indicators m hp linh kin ny.

k n nhn chut vo nt Red Probe, ko n vo mn hnh thit k,

t vo v tr thch hp v th chut. Hy ly 6 bng n Red Probe.


62/94

(Tt c cc linh kin th ng va nu hng dn cch ly cc bi

tp trc)

Xoay chn ca bng n li cho ph hp vi mch in bng cch

nhn chut vo mt v tr pha trn bn tri ca bng n trn cng,ko n v tr pha di ca bng n cui cng, mt hnh ch nht

bao ly tt c cc bng n xut hin, hy th chut chn tt c

cc bng n cng mt lc.

Cc bng n c chn s c mu , nhp chut ln nt Flip

Horizontal xoay linh kin theo chiu ngang i din.

Trong hp dng c, hy nhn chut vo nt Logic Analyser v

Oscilloscope, ko vo mn hnh thit k, t vo v tr thch hp v

th chut.

- Bc 2: t tn v thay i gi tr cho cc linh kin.

Mch dao ng s to ra thi gian xung dng l t+=8s v thi gian

xung m l t-=2s. T cng thc trn ta chn t C1=470mF; R2=6K;

R1=18K; C2 = 0.01mF.

Nhp chut phi vo in tr R1, mt trnh n s s xung, nhp

chut vo lnh Component Properties. Ca s Resistor Properties

s xut hin, trong bng Value hy nhp s18 vo Resistance v

n v chn K.

Nhp chut vo nt OK khi nhp xong cc thng s trn chp

nhn.


63/94

Sau khi in tr R1c thay tr s mi l 18K. Tng t nh in

tr R1, hy thay tr s ca R2 = 6K.

Cc in tr cn li vn gi tr mc nh l 1K.

Nhp chut phi vo t in C1, trong trnh n s xung hy nhp

chut chn lnh Component Properties.

Trong ca s Capacitor Properties nhp gi tr 470 vo

Capacitance v trong n v l mF.

Nhp vo nt OK khi chp nhn cc thng s va nhp.


64/94

Thc hin tng t i vi t C2 = 0.01mF

Nhp chut phi vo cng NOT m trnh n s. Nhp chut

chn lnh Component Properties (tng t nh trn).

Trong ca s NOT Gate Properties, chn loi cmos trong

Library v chn HC trong Model. iu ny c ngha l IC thuc h

Cmos v c tc cao H.

Nhp chut vo bng Label m bng Label.

Trong bng Label nhp tn ca cng NOT vo Label. Nhp chut

vo nt OK chp nhn nhng thng s nhp vo.


65/94

Hy lm tng t i vi Flip- Flop D. Trong bng Label hy nhp

tn FF v trong bng Model hy chn loi cmos trong Library v

chn HC trong Model.

Hy lm tng t i vi Flip- Flop D.

Trong bng Label hy nhp tn FF v

trong bng Model hy chn loi cmostrong Library v chn HC trong

Model.Cc cng AND hy lm tng t nh

trn trong ca s 2-Input AND Gate .

t tn cho cc cng AND theo th t t

trn xung cho tng cng AND l G1,

G2, G3, G4 trong bng Label; chncmos trong Library v chn HC trong

Model ca bng Model trong ca s 2-

Input AND Gate.


66/94

M ca s Red Probe Properties bng cch nhp nt phi chut

vo bng n u tin trn cng v chn Component Properties

trong trnh n s xung. Trong ca s Red Probe Properties hy

nhp tn ca bng n ny l X1 (xanh th 1) trong bng Label. Nhp

chut vo bng Model, chn cmos trong Library v HC trong

Model.

Nhp chut vo bng Choose Probe v chn loi n hin th,

trong bng ny c ba loi mu theo th t t trn xung l mu: Red

(); Green (xanh l); Blue (xanh dng). i vi bng n ny th

chn loi xanh dng, hy nhp chut vo chBlue Probe sao cho

mt du chm xut hin trong trn bn cnh.

Sau khi chn xong cc thng s cn thit th nhp chut vo nt

OK. Vi cc bng n cn li hy lm tng t v theo th t t trnxung.

Bng

th

Bng

LabelBng Model

Label Library Model

Bng

Choose

Probe1 X1 Cmos HC Blue2 V1 Cmos HC Green3 1 Cmos HC Red

4 X2 Cmos HC Blue5 V2 Cmos HC Green6 2 Cmos HC Red

- Bc 3 : Ni dy


67/94

Hy bt u t chn s 1 ca

IC 555, chn ny c k hiu l

GND (Ground) v vy y l chn

ni t ca IC, a con tr chut

n chn s 1 sao cho ti y xut

hin 1 chm en.Nhn v ko n v tr ca

im ni t sao cho ti y cng

xut hin 1 chm en v ng

dy ni hai im hin ra.

Khi thy chm en im nit xut hin th hy th chut, hai

im s t ni vi nhau.

K n l chn s 2 (TRI) ca

IC, hy ni chn s 2 vi t C1

bng cch nhn chut vo chn s

2 sao cho ti y xut hin 1 chm

en.Sau khi ni dy, mch in IC 555 s c hnh nh sau:


68/94

Nhn chut vo chn s 3 ca IC 555 v ko im ny n ng vo

ca cng NOT.

V nh chut

Nhn chut vo chn Ck ca Flip-Flop D v ko im ny n

on dy va ni chn s 3 ca IC 555 vi ng vo ca cng NOT vth chut.


69/94

Nhn chut vo mt chn ca cng AND _ G1; ko im ny n

im ni ti ng vo ca cng NOT; th chut.

Nhn chut vo chn cn li ca G1; ko im ny n chn Q ca

FF; v th chut.

C tun t ni dy nh trn cho n khi c mch in nh sau:


70/94

lu tp tin ta thc hin tng t nh cc bi tp trc.

- Bc 4 : Phn tch mch.

Nhp p chut vo my o dng sng Oscilloscope m mn

hnh hin th ca my o. Chnh Time base mc 1s/div v h s

in p ti knh A l 5V/Div

Nhp p chut vo my phn tch Logic (Logic Analyzer) m

mn hnh hin th ca my. Trong mn hnh hin th hy chnh Clocks

per division gi tr l 1. Nhp chut vo nt Set trong khung Clock m ca s Clock Setup.

Trong ca s Clock Setup, nhp s 1 vo Internal clock rate v

n v chn l Hz. Cc gi tr khc t ch mc nh. Sau

nhp chut vo nt Accept chp nhn nhng thng s trong ca

s.


71/94

Nhp chut vo thanh tiu ca my o trn mn hnh hin th(thanh c ghi tn ca my o) di chuyn mn hnh n v tr thch

hp v th chut.

Tng t nh vy i vi my o dng sng Oscilloscope. Sau khi

di chuyn cc my o sao cho d quan st mch in nht th mn

hnh thit k c dng nh hnh trn.

Nhp chut vo nt Activate simulation trn thanh cng c

cp ngun cho mch hot ng (tng t cc bi trc).

Cn c vo my phn tch Logic ta thy c dng sng ti cc n

c iu khin bi cc cng Logic v qua mch in ta d dng tm

c biu thc hm cho mi n.

Thi gian n xanh dng s bng 8s v n xanh lc (i din cho

n vng) s l 2s v thi gian cho n s l tng thi gian sngca hai n xanh dng v xang lc bng 10s.

3. Kt lun :


72/94

Mch in hot ng da trn cc biu thc hm ca cc cng

AND v NOT, in p ng ra s cp cho cc bng n sng.

Thi gian ca n xanh dng s bng thi gian ca xung dng

ca IC 555 ti ng ra.

Thi gian ca n xanh lc s bng thi gian ca mc 0 ca IC

555 ti ng ra.

Da vo cng thc tnh thi gian ca xung dng v mc 0 ca IC

555 c th tng hoc gim thi gian sng ca cc bng n.

4. Bi tp cng c:

Hy thit k mch n giao thng c th ng dng ra thc t ti

mt ng t giao l vi yu cu c th nh sau:

- C th chn c 1 trong 4 ch lm vic sau:

* ng quyn: Thi gian dnh cho tn hiu n xanh v cho hai

ng nh nhau.

* u tin 1: n A = 2/3 B (tnh v thi gian).

* u tin 2: n A = 1/2 B (tnh v thi gian).

* V khuya: t 21h n 6h sng hm sau, ch c n vng nhp

nhy.

- Thi gian tr cc n c th chnh trong mt khong rng v trn

(chnh nhng vn tun th theo t l iu khin trn).

- Thit k thm 2 n dnh cho ngi i b: n ny ch sng khi n

l sng.

THC HNH NNG CAO

Bi 1: Mch iu khin rng xung Bi 2: Mch n Organ Bi 3: Mch n qung co
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73/94

Bi 4: Thanh ghi dch Bi 5: Mch m Bi 6: n giao thng

BI 1: MCH IU KHIN RNG XUNG

Thit k mch iu khin rng xung s dng trong iu khin thyristor.

1/ Bi gii:

Trong cc ng dng khng yu cu v tuyn tnh khi kch dn thyristor, ngi ta

thng ngh ngay n UJT, PUT hay hai transistor tng ng... Nhng trong mt s

ng dng c tnh t ng ho cao, cc s trn thng khng tho mn. Lc ny c thc nhiu gii php khc nhau v mt trong cc gii php l ng dng mch in n

gin sau.

Vi mch in trn, vic iu tit gc kch dn thyristor c iu tit thng qua vic

iu khin in p ng vo V- ca OP-AMPS 741. Ng ra ca OP-AMPS ny c ththng qua mch m kch dn thyristor.

Khi lp mch in trn, bn cn lu nguyn l lm vic ca cc khi vic cn

chnh c d dng.
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74/94

Khi bn tri ca s chnh l khi

to xung rng ca. Khi ny gi chc

nng ng b ho vic kch dn thyristor.

iu chnh gi tr ca in tr v t trong

mch s thay i dc sn xung ln v

xung ca xung rng ca. in p ngun

xoay chiu ly ngay trn li xoay chiu

m bn lp thyristor (c th trong mch

li in 50 Hz). Hai diode khng c yu

cu c bit.

Nu bn lp ng, kim tra sng dngtrn mch s c dng nh hnh bn tri

(ng mu l sng sine 12VAC/50Hz/0

, ng b vi in p li v ng mu

xanh l sng rng ca m bn cn to ra c

tn s trng kht vi tn s li.

OP-AMPS y gi chc nng so snhhai tn hiu in p ng vo: mt ca sng

rng ca; mt ca in p iu khin DC

Tu vo mc in p DC iu khin, gc kch dn thyristor s thay i theo. C th:

- Hnh a: ta chnh V- = 3VDC (thng qua vic cn chnh t s gia hai in tr).

- Hnh b: ta chnh V- = 6VDC.


75/94

Hnh a Hnh b

R rng vic dch mc ng mu (mc DC) lm thay i Ton v Toff ca sng

dng ng ra OP-AMPS. T s thay i gc kch dn thyristor.

1/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy lp thm Thyristor cng ph ti v kho st sng dng, kim tra tuyn tnh gia

in p iu khin t vo V- vi Vti.

BI 2: MCH N ORGAN

Thit k mch m phng mt cy n organ s dng bn phm lm phm nhn.

1/ Bi gii:

Phn mm EWB 5.12 cho php to mt cy n organ bng chnh bn phm my tnh

ca bn. Tu vo tn s m thanh m bn gn cho mi phm nhn m khi bn nhn vo

mch s cho php pht ra tng m thanh vi m sc khc nhau tng ng vi phm s m

bn nh trc.

Gi s bn mun gn cho cc phm t s 1 n s 0, mi phm mt tn s tng ng:

330Hz; 440Hz; 550Hz; 770Hz; 880Hz; 990Hz ... Trc tin phi thit k mt mch dao

ng tn s 330Hz v lu li di tn Pulse-01. Sau dng lnh Subcircuit i mch

dao ng ny thnh mt mch tch hp ch a ra cc chn iu khin ri lu li di tn

khc, v d nh "Pulse".


76/94

Tun t dng lnh Copy v Paste sao chp v dn mch Pulse-01 c s thay i vi

tham s ca t in v in tr mch dao ng mt tn s ring bit nh nu

trn v lu li vi cc tn khc nhau v d nh pulse-02; pulse-03 .... C tip tc cho n

mch th chn.

M trang thit k mi v dng lnh Copy v Paste dn tt c cc mch in ph t

Pulse-01 n Pulse-09 vo ca s lm vic ny. Cng trong trang ny, ly thm cc cng

tc c nh thi (nh thi gian pht ra mi khi nhn phm), bng cch click vo ca s

cng c Basic, gi Time-Delay Switch.

Sau gi tip b chung t hp cng c Indicators:

Sau khi ly chn b cng tc v chn b chung, ni mch chng li vi nhau v

hiu chnh thng s cho cc linh kin, ta c ca s thit k nh sau:


77/94

Cui cng bt cng tc ngun. Mi khi bn nhn vo mt phm t 1 n 9 mch s

pht ra cc bp vi m sc tng ng vi tn s m bn ci t.

Lu : Vi phn mm EWB 5.12, loa my tnh ca bn s khng pht ra m thanh nubn s dng Win NT hay Win XP.

2/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thnh lp mt chui 8 m thanh lin tip c cao tng dn pht ra trn my ca

bn mi khi nhn phm a.

BI 3: MCH N QUNG CO

Thit k mch n qung co s dng EPROM.

1/ Bi gii:

Trong th vin ca EWB 5.12 khng c EPROM nhng c my pht t chc nng

tng t nh cc IC nh: c th np chng trnh vo v chn mode chy cho cc

chng trnh.


78/94

Vi bi ton ny, trc tin ta gi my

pht t trong hp cng c Instruments.

Sau gi tip cc bng n trong hp cng c Indicators v lp vo mn hnh m

phng nh hnh.

Click p ln bin tng ca my pht th np d liu v chn ch lm vic cho

my pht t (tng ng EPROM). Tu vo s thch c nhn, bn c th np vo cc

chng trnh m bn thch. y gio trnh xin c chng trnh iu khin cc bng

n sng lan dn t tri sang phi (xem hnh di).

Ngoi ra, trong my pht t bn cng c th ghi vo ri ct dnh hoc gi cc

chng trnh c sn trong EWB 5.12. Mun vy ban hy click vo Pattern.Mt hp

thoi nh sau s hin ra:


79/94

Nu bn chn v click vo Shift right, mt mng d liu iu khin cc n dch phi

t ng np vo my pht t.

Sau khi np xong d liu, hiu chnh li cc thng s v a ch, cc ch Cycle,

Burst, Step v Breakpoint (xem trong phn Ph lc) chng trnh chy theo munca bn.

2/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thit k mt ng h bo gi hin 24 gi trong ngy.


80/94

BI 4: XC XC IN T

Thit k b xc xc in t.

1/ Bi gii:

Cc dp l tt, hi h, khi vui chi vi bn b i lc cc bn s dng con xc xc (x

ngu) trong cc tr chi nh c c nga, c t ph ... u im ca b xc xc ny c l ai

cng r, nhng nhc im xc sut khng ng u gia 6 s v thi gian gia cc ln

quay s qu ln ca chng c th hon ton c khc phc nu nh bn s dng b xc

xc in t sau.

B xc xc s hin th ngay lp tc mt s mi ngay sau khi bn nhn nt lc xc xc.

Nt ny chnh l nt Pause trn mn hnh ca bn.

Trc tin, bn phi gi ra 7 bng n m phng mt b hin th t s 1 n s 6 ging

nh xc xc tht bng cch gi cc n t hp cng c Indicators.

Sau xp chng theo dng sau:


81/94

Gi my pht t ni

vi 7 bng n vo cc

ng ra tn hiu ca my

pht t (khng nht thitphi theo th t).

Sau np d liu vo my sao cho mi t trong my pht t khi pht ra iu khin 7

bng trn hin th mt trong su s t 1 n 6 ca ht xc xc nh hnh sau (chng trnh

np cc bn t vit, nu khng vit c hy xem bi gii Phn Ph lc):

chy chng trnh, u tin bn chnh my pht t chy t a ch t 0000H n

0005H v chn mode step (chy tng bc d dng kim tra cc sai st c kh nng

xy ra). Sau khi khng cn sai st, chn mode cycle tn s 1KHz. mt thi im bt

k, s c mt trong su s ca b hin th xut hin trn mn hnh. Do tc dch chuyn

tun t gia cc s hin th qu cao nn ta khng th nhn ra c con s ang hin th.

Nhng khi bn nhn Pause, my pht t ngng pht v dng mt s bt k. Do vy,

con s m bn thy trn mn hnh mang tnh ngu nhin, xc sut ng 1/6. thun tin

trong vic s dng, bn c th phng to ht c giao din ca xc xc d quan st.

Giao din ca ht xc xc lc bn

cha nhn nt Pause trn EWB 5.12.

Mi khi bn tc ng vo nt Pause trn mn hnh EWB 5.12, giao din ca ht xc

xc s dng li mt s bt k trong su s trn, nu nhp tip vo Pause giao din litip tc lun chuyn gia cc s...C nh vy, bn s mt ht xc xc va to (bng c

mn hnh my tnh), va nhanh c s (ngay lp tc sau mi ln nhp chut), xc sut

chnh xc 1/6. Bn hy th xem... chc cuc chi vui v.

2/ Bi tp m rng:


82/94

Bn hy thit k "chic nn k diu" nh trn VTV3 th xem, khng kh u!

BI 5: MCH BNH BU DN

Thit k mch biu quyt ly kin a s cho 5 thnh vin tham gia.

1/ Bi gii:

y l mt bi ton dng thit k mch logic t hp, vi 5 bin ng vo c t tnA, B, C, D, E v mt hm ng ra Y. Ng ra ny s ln 1 nu a s ng vo ln 1 hoc

ngc li.

Vi dng mch ny, trc tin bn hy gi b chuyn i logic (Logic Converter) t

hp cng c Instruments.

Chn 5 ng vo bt k trn b chuyn i logic (Logic Converter) tng ng vi 5

bin ng vo A, B, C, D, E. Mn hnh s hin ra nh sau:


83/94

Click chut vo trng thi ng ra Y u tin trong bng trng thi trn.

Ri tun t in cho tt c cc trng thi hin hu trong mch.

Sau click vo


84/94

Ta s thy hm logic ca mch in trn xut hin ca s mu trng bn di b

chuyn i logic. Nhng hm logic ny cha c ti gin. hm c gn hn, tip

tc click .

n y nu bn ch mun ly hm logic th c th t m ln kt qu ca hm va tm

c nhn Ctrl+C ri m ti liu cn lu kt qu ny nhn Ctrl+V.

Ta lu c kt qu sau:

Y = ACE+ACD+ABE+ABD+BDE+ABC+BCE+BCD+CDE.

Nhng nu bi yu cn phi c mch logic, bn ch vic click hay.


85/94

Mn hnh s hin cho bn mch logic ca hm trn bng cc cng logic ring l (trong

trng hp hnh di th tt c u l cng NAND).

Mch logic trn s gn hn nu v li bng PAL (Programmable Array Logic).

1/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thit k mt mch n cu thang iu khin t 4 v tr c lp nhau.

BI 6: MCH CHUYN I ADC-DAC

Thnh lp mch chuyn i tng t - s ri s - tng t. T tm hiu mi lin

quan gia hai th gii s v tng t.


86/94

1/ Bi gii:

Th no l mt my tng m k thut s, trung thc ca n l thuc vo cc yu t

g? Bi tp ny s gip cc bn c iu kin hiu hn v nhng vn trn.

M chng trnh EWB 5.12 v thnh lp mch in sau (y l mt v d c sn trongth mc COMPLEX cc bi v d mu)

Linh kin ch lc trong bi tp ny chnh l hai vi mch ADC v DAC, chng c s

chn nh sau:

Vi mch ADC c phn cc chuyn tn hiu tng t t u vo Vin ( ly t

ngun in p hnh sine sang tn hiu s 8 bit vi chn nhn tn s ly mu SOC

(Sampling Oscillation) ly t my pht xung.


87/94

Ngun Vref c cp

bng ngun 15VDC.

Vi mch cho php d

liu xut ra lin tc nhchn OE (Outputs

Enable).

n bo gn vo chn

EOC bo hiu hon tt

mt chu k ly mu.

ADC c ni thng vi DAC. kim chng vic xut tn hiu trn ADC ngi ta

lp vo mch hai LED 7 on c gii m sn hin th ni dung ca d liu s xut

ra trn ADC.

DAC nhn tn hiu t ADC xut tn hiu ra OP-AMPS v vi mch thut ton ny m

tn hiu ra my dao ng k.


88/94

Sau khi lp xong mch in trn, cp ngun cho mch v quan st trn dao ng kta nhn thy:

- Khi chnh tn s ly mu (thay i tn s ca my pht sng) 1 KHz, sng dng in

p ng ra (hin th trn dao ng k) nh sau:

Lu : ng l sng dng in p ng vo v ng xanh l sng dng in p

ng ra.

- Chnh tn s ly mu ln 3KHz, kt qu dng sng ng ra l:


89/94

- Khi chnh xung ch cn 500Hz, sng dng in p ng ra s:

Nh vy, bn c nhn xt g khi gia tng tn s ly mu ca ADC? Tn s ny cng

cao cng tt c phi khng? v c s chn la. Nu bn ngh khng ra mi xem gii

p Phn Ph lc.

1/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thit k mt mch pht sng sine, rng ca, vung ... c tn s pht xung chnh

c trong mt khong rng v trn. Gi : Bn c th dng My pht t phi hp vi DAC. Xem my pht t nh mt

EPROM: thay i ni dung trong my pht t thay i dng sng.


90/94

BI 6: MCH CHUYN I ADC-DAC

Thnh lp mch chuyn i tng t - s ri s - tng t. T tm hiu mi lin

quan gia hai th gii s v tng t.

1/ Bi gii:

Th no l mt my tng m k thut s, trung thc ca n l thuc vo cc yu t

g? Bi tp ny s gip cc bn c iu kin hiu hn v nhng vn trn.

M chng trnh EWB 5.12 v thnh lp mch in sau (y l mt v d c sn trongth mc COMPLEX cc bi v d mu)

Linh kin ch lc trong bi tp ny chnh l hai vi mch ADC v DAC, chng c s

chn nh sau:


91/94

Vi mch ADC c phn cc chuyn tn hiu tng t t u vo Vin ( ly t

ngun in p hnh sine sang tn hiu s 8 bit vi chn nhn tn s ly mu SOC

(Sampling Oscillation) ly t my pht xung.

Ngun Vref c cp

bng ngun 15VDC.

Vi mch cho php d

liu xut ra lin tc nh

chn OE (Outputs

Enable).

n bo gn vo chn

EOC bo hiu hon tt

mt chu k ly mu.

ADC c ni thng vi DAC. kim chng vic xut tn hiu trn ADC ngi ta

lp vo mch hai LED 7 on c gii m sn hin th ni dung ca d liu s xut

ra trn ADC.

DAC nhn tn hiu t ADC xut tn hiu ra OP-AMPS v vi mch thut ton ny m

tn hiu ra my dao ng k.


92/94

Sau khi lp xong mch in trn, cp ngun cho mch v quan st trn dao ng kta nhn thy:

- Khi chnh tn s ly mu (thay i tn s ca my pht sng) 1 KHz, sng dng in

p ng ra (hin th trn dao ng k) nh sau:

Lu : ng l sng dng in p ng vo v ng xanh l sng dng in p

ng ra.

- Chnh tn s ly mu ln 3KHz, kt qu dng sng ng ra l:


93/94

- Khi chnh xung ch cn 500Hz, sng dng in p ng ra s:

Nh vy, bn c nhn xt g khi gia tng tn s ly mu ca ADC? Tn s ny cng

cao cng tt c phi khng? v c s chn la. Nu bn ngh khng ra mi xem gii

p Phn Ph lc.

1/ Bi tp m rng:

Hy thit k mt mch pht sng sine, rng ca, vung ... c tn s pht xung chnh

c trong mt khong rng v trn. Gi : Bn c th dng My pht t phi hp vi DAC. Xem my pht t nh mt

EPROM: thay i ni dung trong my pht t thay i dng sng.


94/94

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