iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti

xelnaweris uflebiT

maia aladaSvili

XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani da

sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi postsabWouri sabazro

urTierTobebis pirobebSi

specialoba: 08.00.01 _ ekonomikis Teoria

socialur mecnierebaTa doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad ekonomikaSi warmodgenili disertaciis

a v t o r e f e r a t i

Telavi 2012

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disertacia Sesrulebulia Niakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis

Telavis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: alfred kurataSvili _ ekonomikur, filosofiur da iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori Semfaseblebi: 1. mixeil ToqmaziSvili _ ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori 2. zurab CxaiZe _ socialur mecnierebaTa doqtori ekonomikaSi, profesori disertaciis dacva Sedgeba 2012 wlis 21 Tebervals 12 saaTze iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur mecnierebaTa, biznesisa da samarTlis fakultetis sadisertacio sabWos sxdomaze. misamarTi: 2200, q. Telavi, qarTuli universitetis q. # 1. disertaciis gacnoba SesaZlebelia Telavis iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis biblioTekaSi. misamarTi: 2200, q. Telavi, qarTuli universitetis q. # 1. avtoreferati daigzavna 2012 wlis 20 ianvars sadisertacio sabWos mdivani: ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori nana rinkiaSvili

I. sadisertacio naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba

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Temis aqtualoba. Tanamedrove periodSi msoflios yuradRebis centrSia XXI saukunis dasawyisis globaluri ekonomikuri krizisi da am krizisiT gamowveuli socialuri da ekonomikuri problemebi, romlebic zegavlenis gareSe ar toveben ekonomikis arc erT sferos.

msoflios ekonomikaSi mimdinare transformaciuli procesebis stiqiurma ganviTarebam ekonomikis sistemuri krizisi gamoiwvia, rasac Tan mohyva mosaxleobis social-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis problemebi, politikuri mdgomareobis gamwvaveba msoflios umravles qveynebSi, mosaxleobis masiuri gamosvlebi da samoqalaqo areulobebi mTel rig saxelmwifoebSi, rasac SeiaraRebuli brZolebi da Setakebebi mohyva da ramac mosaxleobis didi nawili fizikuri gadarCenis problemis winaSe daayena.

mocemuli istoriuli momentis TaviseburebaTa gamo, kerZod, msoflioSi globalizaciis masStabebis zrdis Sedegad, msoflio ase urTierTdamokidebuli jer arasdros yofila. amitom erT qveyanaSi dawyebuli ekonomikuri da ara mxolod ekonomikuri procesebi TavisTavad vrceldeba da gavlenas axdens sxva qveynebis ekonomikur da socialur mdgomareobaze, ris gamoc mxolod calkeul qveyanaSi ganxorcielebuli swori ekonomikuri politika Sesabamis efeqts ver iZleva.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom globalurma ekonomikurma krizisma ekonomikis yvela sfero da dargi moicva, bankebi da sabanko sistema zogadad, rogorc ekonomikis erT-erTi Zlieri da mniSvnelovani rgoli, SeuZlebelia kriziss miRma darCeniliyo. amitom, krizisis zegavlena ekonomikis am sferoze, metad SesamCnevi da mniSvnelovani gaxda.

sabanko sistemisadmi interesi dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom sabanko problemebis gansazRvras da mis warmatebul gadawyvetas, sabanko bazris infrastruqturis zrdasTan da gajansaRebasTan erTad udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs zogadad sabazro ekonomikis zrdisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis.

sabanko problemebis ignorirebam ki SeiZleba negatiuri zemoqmedeba moaxdinos ara mxolod romelime qveynis sabanko sistemaze, aramed mTlianad msoflio ekonomikaze, miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom sabanko krizisebs yvelaze metad SeuZliaT ekonomikuri krizisebis gamowveva.

sabanko problemebis gansazRvra da maTi drouli regulireba xels Seuwyobs mocemuli problemisadmi sazogadoebrivi interesis amaRlebas, daexmareba ekonomikuri situaciis saerTo gajansaRebas, rogorc finansur, aseve socialur sferoSic, rac adamianTa cxovrebis normalizaciaze garkveul pozitiur zegavlenas moaxdens.

swored yovelive zemoaRniSnulma garemoebebma ganapiroba sadisertacio Temis gansakuTrebuli aqtualoba.

kvlevis ZiriTadi mizani da amocanebi. sadisertacio naSromis kvlevis ZiriTadi mizania XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis siRrmiseuli Sesawavlis safuZvelze sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebis SemuSaveba postsabWouri sabazro uyrTierTobebis pirobebSi, da agreTve mimdinare krizisiT gamowveuli xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri problemebis gadaWris gzebisa da rekomendaciebis dasaxva, romlebic mTlianad qveyanasa da gansakuTrebiT sabanko seqtors daexmareba krizisTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadaWraSi.

disertaciaSi dasmuli ZiriTadi miznis Sesabamisad gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi amocanebis gadawyveta:

_ XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis arsis, specifikuri niSnebisa da damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis gansazRvra;

_ sabanko sistemis problemebis Seswavla postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi; _ XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis safuZvelze warmoqmnili sabanko problemebis

gansazRvrisa da Seswavlis safuZvelze misi gadaWris gzebis dasaxva da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi;

_ msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis gavlenis dadgena xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciaze;

_ im socialuri sakiTxebis wris dazusteba, romlebic bankebis aqtiuri monawileobis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba efeqtianad iqnes gadawyvetili;

_ sabanko sistemis rolisa da gavlenis gansazRvra msoflio ekonomi-kuri krizisis daZlevis saqmeSi. kvlevis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZvlebi. disertaciaSi ganxiluli problemebis mecnieruli

kvlevis Teoriul-meTodologiur safuZvels warmoadgens ekonomikis TeoriaSi moRvawe ucxoel da qarTvel mecnierTa naSromebi. aseve, fulad-sakredito sistemis Teoriis ZiriTadi debulebebi, sabazro ekonomikaSi

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fulad-sakredito sistemis formirebisa da socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis gamokvlevisadmi mimarTebaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva meTodologiuri midgomebi.

disertaciaze muSaobis procesSi avtoris mier gamoyenebuli iqna cnobili ucxoeli mecnierebis naSromebi, rogorebic arian n. menqiu, j. gelbreiti, m. fridmeni, jon von eikeni, f. xaieki, xen van giuringi, sonia bratanoviCi da sxva.

sadisertacio kvlevaze muSaobisas aseve gamoyenebuli iqna yofili sabWoTa kavSiris respublikebis mecnierTa naSromebi, romlebSic ganxilulia postsabWoTa periodis sabanko sistemisa da civilizebuli sabazro urTierTobebis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. am mecnierTa Soris unda aRiniSnos s. aleksaSenkos, o. rogovas, l. grigorievis, m. salixovis, v. koltaSovis, m. deliaginis, v. Seianovis da sxvaTa mkvlevarTa naSromebi.

sadisertacio naSromze muSaobisas gamoyenebuli iqna qarTvel mecnierTa mravali naSromi. maTgan ZiriTadad SeiZleba gamoiyos: ramaz abesaZis, nanuli arevaZis, evgeni baraTaSvilis, rozeta asaTianis, revaz basarias, Teimuraz beriZis, vaxtang burdulis, givi gamsaxurdias, revaz gvelesianis, revaz gogoxias, mixeil ToqmaziSvilis, revaz kakulias, jemal kaxniaSvilis, irakli kovzanaZis, Aalfred kurataSvilis, anzor kurataSvilis, parmen lemonjavas, giorgi malaSxias, iaSa mesxias, elguja meqvabiSvilis, nana oqruaSvilis, giorgi papavas, vladimer papavas, uSangi samadaSvilis, avTandil silagaZis, karlo Rurwkaias, Temur Sengelias, revaz Sengelias, leo Ciqavas, giorgi wereTlis, nodar WiTanavas, mixeil jibutis da sxva mecnierTa naSromebi.

sadisertacio naSromze muSaobisas gamoyenebuli iqna agreTve sabazro sistemisa da, kerZod, sabanko sistemis funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebuli normatiuli aqtebi, saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris da saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis statistikuri monacemebi.

garda amisa, kvlevis procesSi gamoyenebuli iqna sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso da respublikuri samecniero konferenciis masalebi.

naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebi da mecnieruli siaxle. sadisertacio kvlevis miznebisa da amocanebis realizaciis procesSi miRebuli ZiriTadi Sedegebidan SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi:

_ dazustebulia ekonomikuri krizisebis arsi da specifi-kuri niSnebi; _ dadgenilia XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebebi; _ gamovlenilia xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interese-bis realizaciis problemebi ekonomikuri krizisis

fonze; _ dadgenilia sabanko sistemis problemebi ekonomi-kuri krizisis pirobebSi; _ postsabWoTa sivrcis sabanko sistemis analizis safuZvelze dadgenilia masSi arsebuli problemebi; _ SemuSavebulia sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi postsabWoTa sabazro

urTierTobebis pirobebSi; _ SemuSavebulia zogadad sabanko sistemis problemis ga-daWris gzebi da maTi gavlena msoflio

ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevaze. mecnieruli siaxle. sadisertacio kvlevis ZiriTadi mecnieruli siaxle SeiZleba dakonkretdes

Semdegnairad: _ dadgenilia, rom ekonomikuri krizisebis cikluri xasiaTis gamo, misi srulad Tavidan acileba

jerjerobiT ver xerxdeba, ramdenadac isini meordebian garkveuli periodulobiT da simZlavriT; _ dadgenilia, rom XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi Tavisi gavleniTa da xangrZlivobiT

yvelaze mZlavri da masStaburia aqamde arsebul krizisebs Soris; _ gansazRvrulia XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani. _ dadgenilia, rom Tanamedrove teqnologiebma, romlebic adrindelTan SedarebiT bevrad ufro

swrafia, daaCqara rogorc kompaniebis, aseve adamianebis muSaobis ritmi, anu zogadad cxovrebis ritmi, rac imas niSnavs, rom ara marto adamianebs SeuZliaT ekonomikur krizisze swrafi reagireba, aramed TviT ekonomikuri krizisi vrceldeba Zalian swrafad da moaqvs mniSvnelovani zarali;

_ dadgenilia, rom mimdinare krizisis gaxangrZliveba aucileblad moitans da garkveulwilad moitana kidec msoflios bevr qveyanaSi politikuri da socialuri konfliqtebis gamwvaveba.

_ gansazRvrulia mimdinare krizisis pirobebSi xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis problemebi msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebis magaliTebze;

_ gamovlenilia is faqtorebi, romlebic ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdenen sabanko sistemis funqcionirebaze;

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_ gamovlenilia sabanko sistemis problemebi XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi; _ postsabWour periodSi moqmedi sabanko sistemis analizis safuZvelze dadgenilia masSi arsebuli

problemebi; _ dasabuTebulia, rom postsabWoTa sazogadoebriv-sa-xelmwifoebriv sistemaSi sabazro

urTierTobebis ganviTarebis done da Sesabamisad, sabanko sistemis ganviTarebis done, jer kidev ar Seesabameba civilizebuli sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis moTxovnebs da igi Semdgom srulyofas saWiroebs.

_ gamovlenilia postsabWoTa sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi sabanko sistemis problemebis gamomwvevi mizezebi;

_ SemuSavebulia sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi;

_ dadgenilia zogadad sabanko sistemis srulyofis principuli mniSvnelobis gzebi; _ gansazRvrulia sabanko sistemis srulyofis mniSvnelovani gzebi, rogorc postsabWour sivrceSi, ise

mTlianad msoflioSi; ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor alfred kurataSvilis Teoriebis safuZvelze da, kerZod,

gamomdinare mis mier im mecnierulad dasabuTebuli mtkicebulebidan, rom ekonomikas marTavs ara ekonomika, aramed marTavs mas politika, sabanko sistemis problemebis uzrunvelyofaSi mniSvnelovani da mTavari roli mainc qveynis politikas ekuTvnis.

amrigad, sabanko sistemis srulyofa, metwilad, ama Tu im qveynis xelisuflebis mier gatarebul politikur kurszea damokidebuli.

dasasruls SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom mxolod erTi romelime qveynis xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebuli Tundac Zalze swori ekonomikuri politika ar iqneba sakmarisi ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi sabanko sistemis srulyofisaTvis erTiani msoflio ekonomikis arsebobisa da dRevandeli globalizaciis pirobebSi.

amitom, mxolod msoflios TiTqmis yvela gavleniani da Zlieri qveynis erToblivi, urTierTSeTanxmebuli da Tanamimdevruli politikiT SeiZleba moxerxdes mimdinare ekonomikuri krizisidan msoflios gamoyvana rac SeiZleba minimaluri danakargebiT.

naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba. sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi daskvnebi da debulebebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes msoflio ekonomikuri krizisebis Taviseburebebis da maTi Sedegebis kvlevis procesSi, agreTve postsabWouri periodis sabanko sistemis problemebis Semdgomi Seswavlis da gadaWris procesSi.

samecniero kvlevis Sedegebs principuli mniSvneloba aqvs sabanko sistemis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis gansazRvrisaTvis.

samecniero naSromi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes ekonomikur disciplinaTa saleqcio kursebSi da sabanko sistemis problemebis SeswavlisaTvis.

naSromis aprobacia. sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi debulebebi da daskvnebi aisaxa disertantis mier gamoqveynebul samecniero statiebSi da samecniero konferenciaze gakeTebul moxsenebebSi (Telavi, 2010, 2011 w.w.).

publikaciebi. sadisertacio kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi gamoqveynebulia avtoris 5 samecniero naSromSi, romlebic gamoqveynda saerTaSoriso recenzirebad da referirebad samecniero JurnalebSi da samecniero konferenciis masalebSi.

disertaciis moculoba da struqtura. sadisertacio naSromi Seicavs 135 gverds da Sedgeba Sesavlis, sami Tavisa da daskvnisagan. sadisertacio naSroms Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.

kvlevis dasaxulma mizanma, amocanebma da problemebis gadawyvetis logikam ganapiroba disertaciis Semdegi struqtura: Sesavali Tavi I. XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani da xalxis interesebis realizaciis problemebi

1.1.Eekonomikuri krizisis arsi da specifikuri niSnebi 1.2. XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani 1.3. xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis problemebis gamwvaveba ekonomikuri

krizisis fonze

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Tavi II. XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi da sabanko sistema 2.1. sabanko sistemis problemebi XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi 2.2. sabanko sistemis problemebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi Mmsoflio ekonomikuri krizisis fonze Tavi III. XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi da sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi 3.1. sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi

3.2. sabanko sistemis srulyofis gzebi da maTi gavlena msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevaze

daskvna gamoyenebuli literaturis sia

II. sadisertacio naSromis mokle Sinaarsi

SesavalSi dasabuTebulia sakvlevi Temis aqtualoba, dasaxulia kvlevis ZiriTadi mizani da amocanebi, gamoyofilia kvlevis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZvlebi, Camoyalibebulia sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi Sedegebi da mecnieruli siaxle, gansazRvrulia samecniero naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba. mocemulia zogadi informacia naSromis aprobaciis, masTan dakavSirebuli publikaciebis, agreTve disertaciis struqturisa da moculobis Sesaxeb.

pirvel TavSi _ `XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani da xalxis interesebis realizaciis problemebi~, ganxilulia msoflio ekonomikuri krizisebis arsi da specifikuri niSnebi, agreTve XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani.

kerZod, ganxilulia gasuli saukunis ekonomikuri krizisebis istoria da maTi gamomwvevi zogadi mizezebi, rogoricaa: mimoqcevaSi fulis masis moculobis Semcireba; iZulebiTi gayidvebis gamo aqtivebis fasebis minimalur donemde daweva; biznesSi Semosavlebis Semcireba; pesimizmi, sistemisadmi ndobis dakargva; produqtiulobis, brunvis Semcireba da dasaqmebis donis dacema; fulis dagroveba, maragebisadmi gadaWarbebuli miswrafeba da sxva.

gansazRvrulia aseve ekonomikuri krizisebis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri niSnebi, romelTa Soris gamoyofilia: inflacia, recesiebi, masiuri umuSevroba, biznesSi Semosavlebis Semcireba, mimoqcevaSi fulis masis Semcireba, depresia, masobrivi saprotesto aqciebi, saxelmwifoebis ekonomikuri da politikuri krizisebi.

yuradReba gamaxvilebulia agreTve imaze, rom XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi misi winamorbedebisgan mTeli rigi TaviseburebebiT gansxvavdeba. erT-erTi aseTi Taviseburebaa biznesis globaluroba, romelic gamoixateba imaSi, rom romelime qveynis biznesis erT-erT dargSi momxdari mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi aucileblad hpovebs asaxvas sxva qveynebis ekonomikazec imitom, rom dRes ukve arsebobs erTiani msoflio ekonomika, romlis monawilea yvela qveyana.

mimdinare msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis damaxasiaTebeli kidev erTi specifikuri niSania misi gavrcelebis siswrafe, gamowveuli Tanamedrove teqnologiebis ganviTarebis maRali doniT. swored amitom, igi sxva danarCen krizisebTan SedarebiT yvelaze swrafad gavrcelda da CaiTria mTeli msoflio, ramac gamoiwvia am krizisis kidev EerTi Tavisebureba _ misi gavrcelebis masStabi.

yuradRebas imsaxurebs mimdinare ekonomikuri krizisis kidev erTi, yvelaze mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba. es aris misi xangrZlivoba da agreTve msoflios mraval qveyanaSi socialuri da politikuri konfliqtebis gamwvaveba, romelic, arc Tu iSviaTad, SeiaraRebul SetakebaSi gadadis.

Zalian mniSvnelovania mimdinare msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis ganxilva xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis kuTxiT. Mmimdinare krizisma daamZima socialuri foni umravles qveyanaSi, ramdenadac katastrofuli siswrafiT izrdeba umuSevarTa ricxvi, mcirdeba samomxmareblo danaxarjebi, rac Tavis mxriv kidev ufro aZlierebs recesiul procesebs. Tu gasuli saukunis krizisebis dros es xdeboda mxolod ramdenime qveyanaSi, amJamad socialuri foni gauaresebulia rogorc ganviTarebad, ise yvelaze ganviTarebul iseT qveynebSic ki, rogorebicaa amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, inglisi, safrangeTi, germania, italia da sxva _ swored iqidan gamomdinare, rom socialuri foni gauaresebulia TiTqmis yvela

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qveyanaSi. amitom ganviTarebuli qveynebis umravlesoba ufrTxildeba Tavis finansur aqtivebs da aRar surs maTi gadaqaCva sxva qveynebSi, rac kidev ufro amZimebs socialur fons ganviTarebad qveynebSi. Ggamomdinare aqedan,Mmimdinare ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi imata xalxis depresiis xarisxma, rasac mraval qveyanaSi Tan moyva politikuri gamosvlebi da mTavrobis Secvla.

yuradRebas imsaxurebs is faqtic, rom krizisis dasaZlevad da xalxis socialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad TiToeul qveyanaSi individualurad ganxorcielebuli reformebi da RonisZiebebi ar iwvevs efeqtian Sedegebs. amitom mniSvnelovani Sedegebis misaRwevad, mTeli msoflios masStabiT, yvela wamyvani da uZlieresi qveynebis mTavrobebis mier erToblivi, urTierTSeTanxmebuli da Tanamimdevruli politikis gatarebaa aucilebeli. mxolod ase Tu iqneba SesaZlebeli xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis dacva mTel msoflioSi.M

meore TavSi _ `XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi da sabanko sistema~, gaanalizebulia sabanko sistemis adgili da roli civilizebuli sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis pirobebSi. ganxilulia agreTve postsabWour periodSi moqmedi sabanko sistema da masSi arsebuli problemebi.

naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom civilizebuli sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis pirobebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba sabanko sistemas da am sistemis efeqtian funqcionirebas.

ekonomikuri da sabanko krizisebi erTmaneTzea damokidebuli da xSirad iwveven kidec erTmaneTs. XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis gamomwvevi mizezic swored amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi dawyebuli sabanko krizisi gaxda.

sabanko krizisebi SesaZloa gamoiwvios iseTma faqtorebma, rogoricaa: saerTo liberalizacia da zedamxedvelobis saTanado efeqtiani sistemis ararseboba; kerZo seqtorze gacemuli sainvesticio da samomxmareblo kreditebis mkveTri zrda; sabiujeto problemebis pirdapiri zegavlena sabanko seqtorze; qveynis institucionaluri garemo, anu sabanko sistemis organizebis, zedamxedvelobisa da regulirebis mdgomareoba, aseve korporatiuli marTvis, marTlmsajulebis da sakuTrebis uflebebis uzrunvelyofis mdgomareoba.

naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom ekonomikuri krizisebis periodSi sabanko sistema SesasZloa aRmoCndes mTeli rigi riskebis winaSe, romelTa Soris finansuri krizisebi miekuTvneba sagangebo riskebis kategorias, romlis winaswar didi sizustiT gaTvla da misi srulad Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia, Tumca sabanko sistemisTvis aucilebelia am riskebis marTva, rac mdgomareobs maT dayofaSi sxvadasxva komponentebad, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes TiToeuli komponentis riskis xarisxebis gamoTvla imisaTvis, rom daaxloebiT mainc gaizomos, ra donis zarali SeiZleba moutanos ama Tu im operaciam sabanko sistemas.

yuradReba gamaxvilebulia imaze, Tu ra Sedegebi SeiZleba moutanos sabanko sistemas ekonomikuri krizisisTvis damaxasiaTebelma Taviseburebebma da krizisis periodSi ekonomikaSi mimdinare procesebma, rogoricaa: recesiebi; umuSevroba; inflacia; undoblobis faqtori; investiciebis Semcireba; saxelmwifos politikuri da sakanonmdeblo politika da sxva. am procesebma SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios sabanko sistemaSi sxvadasxva saxis mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi, kerZod: anabrebis da saangariSsworebo angariSebze Tanxebis moZraobis Semcireba da maTi gadineba sabanko angariSebidan, aseve ucxouri investiciebis Semcireba da dabandebuli Tanxebis ukan gamoTxova investorebis mxridan, rac sagrZnoblad amcirebs bankis moziduli saxsrebis raodenobas. es ki, Sesabamisad, negatiurad moqmedebs sabanko sistemis likvidurobaze da bankis sakredito potencialze.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT dasabuTebulia, rom postsabWour sazogadoebriv-saxelmwifoebriv sistemaSi civilizebuli sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis pirobebSi sabanko sistema warmoadgens sistemas, romelsac mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia da gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba mTlianad saxelmwifos efeqtiani funqcionirebis saqmeSi.

amasTanave, rogorc aRniSnulia naSromSi, postsabWour periodSi moqmedi sabanko sistemis mimarT ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis miuxedavad, masSi jer kidev aris problemebi, romlebsac seriozuli mecnieruli kvleva da saTanado gadaWra esaWiroeba.

mesame TavSi - `XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi da sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi~, ganxilulia sabanko sistemis srulyofis gzebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi.

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kerZod, yuradReba gamaxvilebulia imaze, rom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sabanko sistemis srulyofas postsabWouri sazogadoebriv-saxelmwifoebrivi sistemis efeqtiani funqcionirebisaTvis.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sadisertacio naSromSi SemoTavazebulia sabanko sistemis srulyofis gzebi sabazro urTierTobebis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis problemis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT.

yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor alfred kurataSvilis Teoriebze da, kerZod, gamomdinare mis mier im mecnierulad dasabuTebuli mtkicebulebidan, rom ekonomikas marTavs ara ekonomika, aramed marTavs mas politika, sabanko sistemis problemebis uzrunvelyofaSi mniSvnelovani roli mainc qveynis politikas eniWeba.

SemuSavebulia agreTve sabanko sistemis srulyofis gzebi civilizebuli sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis pirobebSi sabazro ekonomikis socialuri efeqtianobis problemis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT.

DXXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi sabanko sistemis srulyofis problemebis mecnieruli analizis safuZvelze naSromSi gakeTebulia saTanado daskvnebi da mocemulia rekomendaciebi. kerZod:

1. dadgenilia, rom ekonomikuri krizisebis cikluri xasiaTis gamo, misi srulad Tavidan acileba jerjerobiT ver xerxdeba, ramdenadac isini meordebian garkveuli periodulobiT da simZlavriT;

2. dadgenilia, rom XXI saukunis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisi Tavisi gavleniTa da xangrZlivobiT yvelaze mZlavri da masStaburia aqamde arsebul krizisebs Soris;

3. gansazRvrulia mimdinare ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani, romelic ganpirobebulia imiT, rom:

_ dRevandeli msoflio wina periodebTan SedarebiT yvelaze urTierTdamokidebuli gaxda, rac imas niSnavs, rom msoflio TiTqos dapataravda, anu Tu raime mniSvnelovani xdeba erTi romelime qveynis ekonomikaSi, is aucileblad poulobs asaxvas sxva qveynebSic, imitom rom dReisTvis ukve arsebobs erTiani msoflio ekonomika;

_ Tanamedrove pirobebSi bizness aqvs globaluri xasiaTi, ramdenadac biznesis romelime dargis cvlilebebs aucileblad moaqvs cvlilebebi biznesis sxva dargebSic;

_ mimdinare krizisi yvelaze xangrZlivia da albaT kidev didxans gagrZeldeba; _ Tanamedrove teqnologiebma, romlebic adrindelTan SedarebiT bevrad ufro swrafia, daaCqara

rogorc kompaniebis muSaobis ritmi, aseve adamianebisa, anu zogadad cxovrebis ritmi, rac imas niSnavs, rom ara marto adamianebs SeuZliaT ekonomikur krizisze swrafi reagireba, aramed TviT ekonomikuri krizisi vrceldeba Zalian swrafad da moaqvs mniSvnelovani zarali;

_ mimdinare krizisis gaxangrZliveba aucileblad moitans da garkveulwilad moitana kidec msoflios bevr qveyanaSi politikuri da socialuri konfliqtebis gamwvaveba.

4. gansazRvrulia sabanko sistemis problemebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia:

_ sakuTari resursebis simcire, Sesabamisad, moziduli ucxouri investiciebis siWarbe da maTze damokidebulebis maRali xarisxi;

_ sakredito portfelis aradiversificirebuloba, anu maTi koncentrireba erTi romelime konkretuli dargis biznesis dafinansebis mimarTulebiT, rasac mZime Sedegebi moaqvs bankebisaTvis krizisis pirobebSi, biznesis ama Tu im dargis saqmianobis Sedegebidan gamomdinare;

_ postsabWoTa sivrceSi saaRricxvo dokumentaciis mouwesrigebloba; _ bankTaSorisi konkurenciis ucodinrobis da gamoucde-lobis gamo, bankebis mier arajansaRi

konkurentuli politikis ganxorcieleba; _ zogadad iuridiul sferoSi da kerZod aRsrulebis sistemaSi arsebuli seriozuli xarvezebi, ramac

xangrZlivad Seaferxa gacemuli Tanxebis iZulebiTi amoRebebi bankebisTvis da mniSvnelovani finansuri zarali miayena sabanko sistemas;

_ savaluto kursebis cvlilebebi ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi da maTi mniSvnelovani gavlena moziduli ucxouri investiciebis raodenobasa da xarisxze.

5. SemuSavebulia sabanko sistemis problemebis gadaWris gzebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi, kerZod, sabanko sistemis srulyofis principuli mniSvnelobis gzebad miCneulia:

_ qveyanaSi anabrebis dazRvevis moqnili sistemis SemoReba;

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_ klientis mimdinare saqmianobis safuZvliani Seswavla, romelic SesaZloa gaxdes mravali problemis Tavidan acilebis safuZveli, rogorc TviTon kompaniisTvis, aseve, rac yvelaze mTavaria, sabanko institutisTvis, rameTu naadrev etapze SesaZlebeli gaxdeba misi saqmianobis gadaxedva, fokusireba TviTon klientis problemaze, misTvis problemis mogvarebis alternatiuli gzebis SeTavazeba da sesxis pirobebis Secvla im dromde, vidre misi saqmianoba ufro mZime Sedegebis momtani ar aRmoCndeba bankebisTvis;

_ qveynis masStabiT, yvela iuridiuli Tu kerZo pirisaTvis, sameurneo saqmianobis aRricxvianobis sistemis mowesrigeba;

_ dakreditebis pirobebis gamkacreba komerciuli bankebis mxridan, romelic amave dros gulisxmobs kreditunarianobis realur Sefasebas im kuTxiT, rom sesxebis gacemis periodSi, klientebis sameurneo saqmianobis finansuri analizebis Catarebisas, mxedvelobaSi miiRon mxolod oficialuri dokumentaciiT dadasturebuli angariSebi da ara egreT wodebuli “Savi Canawerebi”, romelsac araviTari iuridiuli Zala ar gaaCnia, da nebismier dros SeiZleba Seicvalos klientis mier, misi survilis Sesabamisad;

_ qveyanaSi iuridiuli kanonmdeblobis daxvewa, gansakuTrebiT aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros saqmianobis detaluri Seswavla da mis saqmianobaSi arsebuli xarvezebis aRmofxvra, rac dakavSirebulia vadagadacilebuli msesxeblebisgan giraos sagnis bankis sakuTrebaSi gadacemasTan an bankis mier misi realizaciis procesTan. Aaucilebelia aRsrulebis vadebis minimumamde dayvana;

_ postsabWour sivrceSi sabanko sistemis srulyofis erT-erT mniSvnelovan gzad miCneulia agreTve msoflios mowinave qveynebis sabazro urTierTobebis principebis ukeTesad gacnoba da maTi gamocdilebis saTanadod gaziareba, radganac realurad aseTi gamocdilebis miRebisaTvis mravali wlis Teoriuli da praqtikuli moRvaweobaa saWiro.

6. SemuSavebulia sabanko sistemis srulyofis gzebi da maTi gavlena msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevaze, kerZod, mniSvnelovan gzebad miCneulia:

_ sabanko riskebis marTva, misi Rirebulebis dadgena da zRvaris kontroli, romelic Tanamedrove sabanko menejmentis umniSvnelovanesi amocana unda gaxdes da romlis warmatebuli dagegmva-ganxorcieleba SesaZloa sabanko saqmianobis warmatebulobis pirdapirproporciuli iyos;

_ bankebis mimarT normativebis Sesrulebaze saerTaSoriso moTxovnebis gamkacreba, rac Tavis mxriv daicavs msoflioSi urTierTdakavSirebul sabanko institutebs sxvadasxva qveynebis sabanko sistemebis arasasurveli zegavlenisgan;

_ ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor alfred kurataSvilis Teoriebis safuZvelze da, kerZod, gamomdinare mis mier im mecnierulad dasabuTebuli mtkicebulebidan, rom ekonomikas marTavs ara ekonomika, aramed marTavs mas politika, sabanko sistemis problemebis uzrunvelyofaSi mniSvnelovani da mTavari roli mainc qveynis politikas ekuTvnis;

_ sabanko sistemis srulyofis kidev erTi mniSvnelovan gzad miCneulia is, rom yvela qveynis sabanko sistemas gaaCndes erTi iseTi maregulirebeli da zedamxedvelobis organo mainc, romelic gawevrianebuli iqneba saerTaSoriso sabanko asociaciaSi, romelsac eqneba sakmarisi uflebamosileba da damoukideblobis xarisxi imisTvis, rom winaaRmdegoba gauwios xelisuflebis mxridan araswori mimarTulebiT zewolas da miuxedavad SesaZlo winaaRmdegobisa, mainc ganaxorcielos qveynis ekonomikisaTvis metad mniSvnelovani sasikeTo cvlilebebi;

_ dasasruls SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom mxolod erTi romelime qveynis xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebuli, Tundac Zalian swori ekonomikuri politika, sabanko sistemis srulyofisaTvis ar iqneba sakmarisi ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi. erTiani msoflio ekonomikis da dRevandel msoflioSi mimdinare globalizaciis gamo, mxolod msoflios yvela gavleniani da Zlieri qveynis erToblivi, urTierTSeTanxmebuli da Tanamimdevruli politikiT iqneba SesaZlebeli mimdinare ekonomikuri krizisidan msoflios gamoyvana rac SeiZleba minimaluri danakargebiT.

sadisertacio Temaze avtoris mier gamoqveynebulia Semdegi ZiriTadi samecniero Sromebi:

1. XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis Taviseburebani. saerTaSoriso samecniero Jurnali ,,ekonomika“, 2010, #10-12. Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 24-31. _ 0,4 n.T.

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2. socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis problemebis gamwvaveba msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis fonze. saerTaSoriso samecniero Jurnali ,,socialuri ekonomika”, 2011, #3. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 20-23. _ 0,45 n.T. 3. xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis problemebis gamwvaveba ekonomikuri krizisis fonze amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. saerTaSoriso samecniero Jurnali ,,ekonomika“, 2011, #5-6. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 64-66. _ 0,2 n.T. 4. sabanko sistemis problemebi XXI saukunis dasawyisis msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi. saerTaSoriso samecniero Jurnali ,,ekonomika“, 2011, #9-10. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 63-67. _ 0,3 n.T. 5. sabanko sistemis problemis gadaWris gzebi postsabWouri sabazro urTierTobebis pirobebSi. saerTaSoriso samecniero Jurnali ,,ekonomika“, 2011, #9-10. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 37-40. _ 0,25 n.T.

6. xalxis socialur-ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciis problemebis gamwvaveba ekonomikuri kriazisis fonze msoflioSi. iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis profesor-maswavlebelTa XIII (69-e) samecniero konferenciis Tezisebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „universali“, 2011, gv. 47-48. _ 0,1 n.T.

Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University

With the right of manuscript

Maia Aladashvili

Peculiarities of the World Economic Crisis at the beginning

of XXI century and Ways of Solving Banking System Problems

in the Conditions of Post Soviet Market Relations

Specialty: 08.00.01 – Economics Theory

11

A b s t r a c t

of the dissertation submitted to gain

the Social Sciences Doctor’s academic degree in Economics

Telavi

2011

The dissertation is done at

Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University

Academic Supervisor: Alpred Kuratashvili -

Professor, Doctor of Economic,

Philosophic and Legal Sciences

Reviewers: 1. Mikheil Tokmazishvili –

Professor, Doctor of Economic Sciences

2. Zurab Chkhaidze –

Professor, Doctor of Social Sciences

in Economics

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The defense of the dissertation will take place on 21 February 2012 at 12 o’clock at the meeting of

the Dissertation Committee at the faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Law, Iakob Gogebashvili

Telavi State University

Address: №1 Georgian University Street, Telavi, 2200

The dissertation is available at the library of Iakob Gogebashvili State University

Address: №1 Georgian University Street, Telavi, 2200

The abstract has sent on 20 January 2012

Secretary of the Dissertation Council:

Doctor of Economic Sciences Nana Rinkiashvili

I. General Characterization of Dissertation Thesis Relevance of the topic. Global economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century is important in the

modern period and social and economic problems caused with this crisis, which do not leave any sphere

of economics without influence.

Spontaneous development of transformational processes in the world economy has caused systemic

crisis of economics, and it was followed by populations’ social-economic interests realization problems,

aggravation of political situation in many countries of the world, massive protests of populations and civil

disturbances in many states; these processes were followed by armed fights and attacks and it has faced a

great part of the population to the problem of physical survival.

Because of the peculiarities of given historical moment, namely, in result of increasing the scales of

the world globalization, the world has not been so interrelated yet. That’s why economical and not only

economical processes started in one country spread and have influence on economic and social situation

of other countries, and right economic policy realized only separated country has no suitable effect.

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Global economic crisis has covered all spheres and fields, banks and banking system generally, as one

of the strongest and important circle of economics, it is impossible to leave them behind the crisis. That’s

why influence of the crisis on the sphere of economics has become more relevant and important.

Interest towards banking system is related with the fact, that determination of bank problems and its

successive solution, with increasing and recovery of bank market infrastructure have the greatest

importance for increasing and strengthening market economy generally.

Ignoring bank problems may influence negatively not only on banking system of any country, but on

the world economy wholly, if we take into consideration that bank crisis can cause economic crisis most

of all.

Determining bank problem and their timely regulation will support increasing social interests towards

the given problem, assist to recover economic situation as in financial as in social sphere, and it will have

peculiar positive influence on human’s life normalization.

Just these above mentioned circumstances conditioned a special relevance of dissertation thesis.

Basic goals and keys of the research. Basic goal of the research of the dissertation thesis is to work

out ways for solution of banking system problems on the basis of deep study on world economic crisis of

XXI century in the conditions of post Soviet market relations, and also to plan recommendations and

ways for settling people’s social-economic problems caused by the current crisis, which will assist to the

country generally and especially to bank sector to solve problems related with crisis.

According to basic goal set in the dissertation solution of the following keys are foreseen:

- Determining concept, specific signs and characteristic features of the world economic crisis of

XXI century;

- Studying banking system problems in the conditions of post Soviet market relations;

- Planning ways of solving the problems on the basis of determining and studying bank problems of

the world economic crisis of XXI century and working out recommendations in the conditions of

post Soviet market relations;

- Establishing influence of the world economic crisis on realization of people’s social-economic

interests;

- Specifying the social issues, which may be solved effectively in case of active participation of

banks;

- Determining role and influence of banking system in overcoming the world economic crisis.

Theoretic and methodological bases of the research. Theoretic and methodological bases for the

scientific research of the problems discussed in the dissertation are the works of foreign and Georgian

researches in economic sphere. Also basic regulations of the theory of money-credit system, different

methodological approaches existed in the formation and social-economic development examinations of

money-credit system in market economy.

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In the process of working on the dissertation the author used the works of famous scientists: N.

Mankiw, J. Gelbrate, M. Friedman, John Von Eiken, F. Khaieki, Khen Van Guringi, Sonia Bratanovich

and at al.

During working on dissertation research the author also used works of scientists of ex-Soviet Union

republics, in which problems related with post Soviet period banking system and formation of civilized

market relations are discussed. We should mention among these scientists works of the following

researchers: S. Aleksashenko, O. Rogova, L. Grigoriev, M. Salikhovi, V. Koltashovi, M. Deliagini, V.

Sheianovi and others.

During working on dissertation research the author also used many works of Georgian scientists. We

may distinguish: Ramaz Abesadze, Nanuli Arevadze, Evgeni Baratashvili, Rozeta Asatiani, Revaz

Basaria, Teimuraz Beridze, Vakhtang Burduli, Givi Gamsakhurdia, Revaz Gvelesiani, Revaz Gogokhia,

Mikheil Tokmazishvili, Revaz Kakulia, Jemal Kakhniashvili, Irakli Kovzanadze, Alpred Kuratashvili,

Anzor Kuratashvili, Parmen Lemonjava, Giorgi Malashkhia, Iasha Meskhia, Elguja Mekvabishvili, Nana

Okruashvili, Giorgi Papava, Vladimer Papava, Ushangi Samadashvili, Avtandil Silagadze, Karlo

Ghurtskaia, Temur Shengelia, Revaz Shengelia, Leo Chikava, Giorgi Tsereteli, Nodar Chitanava, Mikheil

Jibuti and others.

During working on dissertation research normative acts related with market system and namely, with

banking system functioning, statistical data of Statistics National Service of Georgia and Georgian

National Bank were used.

Besides, during the research process different international and republican scientific conference

materials were used.

Basic results of the work and scientific innovation. During the process of goals and keys realization

of the dissertation work received from basic results we may distinguish:

- Concept and specific signs for economic crisis are specified;

- Peculiarities for the world economic crisis of XXI century are established;

- Problems of people’s social-economic interests realization on the background of economic crisis

are revealed;

- Problems of banking system in economic crisis conditions are established;

- Problems existed in banks system of post Soviet space are set on the basis of its analysis;

- Ways for solving problems of banking system in the conditions of post Soviet market conditions

are worked out;

- Ways for solving problems of banking system generally and their influence on the world

economic crisis overcoming are worked out.

Scientific innovation. Basic scientific innovation of the dissertation research may be specified as

follows:

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- It is stated, that because of cyclical nature of economical crisis it still cannot be completely

avoided, as they are repeated under peculiar time and power;

- It is stated, that with its influence and duration the world crisis of XXI century is the most

strongest and scale that ever been among the crisis;

- Peculiarities of the world economic crisis of XXI century is determined;

- It is stated, that modern technologies which are faster that previous ones, accelerated working

rhythm or generally life rhythm of companies as well as people, and it means that not only people

can a fast reaction on economic crisis, but itself economic crisis spreads very quickly and brings

many loss;

- It is stated, that extension of current crisis will bring and partially already brought aggravation of

political and social conflicts in many countries of the world;

- Problems for realization people’s social-economic interests in the conditions of current crisis on

the examples of different countries of the world are determined;

- The factors, which have an important influence on functioning of banking system in the

conditions of economic crisis, are detected;

- Banking system problems in the conditions of the world economic crisis of XXI century are

detected;

- On the basis of analysis of banking system during post Soviet period problems existed in it are

detected;

- It is substantiated that in post Soviet social – state system development level of market relations

and accordingly, development level of banking system still is not suitable for demands of forming

civilized market relations and it needs further improvement;

- Reasons that have caused banking system problems in the conditions of post Soviet market

relations are detected;

- Ways of solving banking system problems in the conditions of post Soviet market relations are

worked out;

- Principle importance ways for improving banking system are generally stated;

- Important ways for improving banking system in post Soviet sphere as well as in the world wholly

are determined;

On the basis of Professor, Doctor of Economic, Philosophic and Legal Sciences Alpred Kuratashvili’s

theories and namely, from scientifically substantiated by him, that economics is managed not by

economics, but by policy, and country policy has an important and main role in providing banking system

problems.

Thus, improvement of banking system mostly is depended on political course stated by the

government.

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In conclusion we can note that even quite just economical policy realized only by one country will not

be enough for improving banking system in the conditions of economic crisis, existence of united world

economics and present globalization.

That’s why only united, mutual and coherent policy of almost all strong countries can take out the

world from current economic crisis with minimum losses as it is possible.

Practical importance of the work. Basic conclusions and regulations of the dissertation thesis may

be used during the research process of peculiarities of the world economic crisis and their results, also

during further studying and solving process of banking system problems of post Soviet period.

Results of scientific research have a principle importance for determining basic directions of banking

system improvement.

The dissertation thesis may be used in lecture courses of economical disciplines and studying banking

system problems.

Thesis approbation. Basic regulations and conclusions of the dissertation thesis were shown in

scientific articles and reports done on scientific conferences by the candidate (Telavi, 2010, 2011).

Publications. Basic results of the dissertation research are published by the author in 5 scientific

works, which were published in International Reviewing Scientific Practical magazines and in scientific

conference materials.

Volume and structure of the dissertation. The dissertation thesis includes 135 pages and consists of

an introduction, three chapters and conclusion. List of used literature is submitted to the dissertation

thesis.

The research goal, keys and logic of problem solution have conditioned the following structure

of the dissertation:

Introduction

Chapter I. Peculiarities of the world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century and

problems of realization of people’s interests

1.1. Concept and specific signs of economic crisis;

1.2. Peculiarities of the world economic crisis of XXI century;

1.3. Aggravation of problems of people’s social-economic interests realization on the background of

economic crisis.

Chapter II. The world economic crisis and banking system at the beginning of XXI century

2.1. Banking system problems in the conditions of the world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI

century;

2.2. Problems of banking system in the conditions of post Soviet market relations on the background

of economic crisis.

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Chapter III. The world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century and ways of solving

banking system problems

3.1. Ways of solving banking system problems in the conditions of post Soviet market relations;

3.2. Ways of improvement banking system and their influence on overcoming the world economic

crisis.

Conclusion

Bibliography

II. A Short Content of the Dissertation Thesis Relevance of the research topic is substantiated in the introduction, basic goals and keys of the

research are set, theoretic and methodological bases of the research are distinguished, basic results and

scientific innovation of the dissertation thesis are formed, practical importance of the scientific work is

determined, general information on thesis approbation, publications related with it, also on structure and

volume of the dissertation is given.

The first chapter – “Peculiarities of the world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century

and problems of realization of people’s interests,” concept and specific signs of the world economic

crisis are discussed, also peculiarities of the world economic crisis of XXI century.

Namely, here is discussed economic crisis history of last century and general reasons that have caused

it, such as: reducing the money supply in circulation; because of forced sales of assets, the

minimum price level to fall; reducing incomes in business; pessimism, loss of confidence towards the

system; reducing productivity, circulation and falling of employment level; money saving, excessive

aspiration towards saving and other.

There are also determined specific signs characterized to economic crisis: inflation, recessions, and

mass unemployment, reducing incomes in business, reducing money in circulation, massive protests,

economic and political crisis of states.

Attention is paid also on the fact that the world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century

differs from previous one with many peculiarities. One of such peculiarities is business globalization,

which is reflected in the following: important changes happened in one of the fields of any country’s

business will be reflected on economics of other countries because today already exist united world

economics, in which all countries take participation.

One of the specific signs characterized to current world economic crisis is speed of its spread caused

by a high development level of modern technologies. That’s why it has spread faster than other crisis and

enrolled the whole world and it has caused one of the peculiarities of crisis – scale of its spread.

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One of the most important peculiarities of current economic crisis deserves attention as well. It is its

duration and also aggravation of social and political conflicts in many countries of the world, which

moves in armed attach not very rare.

It is very important to discuss realization of people’s social-economical interests of current world

economic crisis. Current crisis has oppressed social background in many countries, as number of

unemployed people increases with a catastrophic speed, reduces consumer expenses, and it makes

recessive processes stronger. If during crisis of last century it was occurring only in several countries, at

present time social background is deteriorated in developing as well as in developed countries such as:

United States of America, England, France, and Germany, Italy and others – just because of the fact that

social background is deteriorated almost in all countries. That’s why majority of developed countries

prevents their financial assets and have no desire to transfer in other countries and it oppresses social

background in developing countries. Because of this in the conditions of current economic crisis quality

of people’s depression has increased and it was followed by political protests and government change in

many countries.

The fact deserves attention, that for overcoming the crisis and improving people’s social situation,

individually realized reforms and measures in each country do not cause effective results. That’s why for

achieving important results it is necessary to lead united, mutual and coherent policy by the governments

of all leader and strongest countries with the scale of the whole world. It would be possible only in that

way to protect people’s social-economical interests in the whole world.

The second chapter – “The world economic crisis and banking system at the beginning of XXI

century,” in that chapter place and role of market system in the conditions of forming civilized market

relations are analyzed. Also banking system and its problems in post Soviet period are discussed.

It is mentioned in the thesis that in the conditions of forming civilized market relations a special

importance has banking system and its effective functioning.

Economic and banking crisis are depended on each other and often they cause each other too. Reason

for causing the world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century just became the banking crisis

started in the United States of America.

Banking crisis may be caused by the factors, such as: general liberalization and non existence of

suitable effective system for supervision; sharp increase of investment and consumer credits issued on

private sectors; direct influence of budget problems on bank sector; country’s institutional environment,

or organizing, supervising and regulating situation of banking system, also situation for corporative

management, justice and providing property rights.

In the thesis it is mentioned, that during economic crisis banking system may appear face to many

risks, among them financial crisis belongs to the category of special risks; it is impossible to foresee it

with a great specification earlier, thought for banking system it is necessary to manage these risks in order

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to divide them in different components to make possible to calculate risk quality and even approximately

measure what kind of loss may be brought by any kind of operation to banking system.

Attention is paid to the following, what kind of results may be brought peculiarities characterized to

economic crisis and processes in economics during the crisis: recessions; unemployment; inflation;

confidence factor; reducing investments; state political and legal policy and others. These processes may

cause different kind of changes in banking system, namely: reducing money circulation on deposits and

settlement accounts and their withdrawal from bank accounts, also reducing foreign investments and

withdrawal of invested sums from investors and it will importantly reduce amounts of bank recourses.

And accordingly it influences on liquidity of banking system and bank credit potential.

Related with all above mentioned it is substantiated that in post Soviet social-state system in the

conditions of forming civilized market relations, banking system represents a system, which has an

important place and role in effective functioning of the whole state.

Herewith, as we mentioned in the thesis, despite of changes realized towards banking system during

post Soviet period, there still exist some problems in it, which need serious scientific research and

suitable solution.

The third chapter – “The world economic crisis at the beginning of XXI century and ways of

solving banking system problems,” ways for improvement of banking system in the conditions of post

Soviet market relations are discussed.

Namely, attention is paid to the fact, that improvement of banking system has a special importance for

effective functioning of post Soviet social-state system.

Based on the above mentioned, in the dissertation thesis we offer ways for improvement of banking

system related with solving problems towards effectiveness of market relations.

The focus is on theories of Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Alpred Kuratashvili and namely,

scientifically substantiated that economics is managed not by economics, but by policy; country policy

has an important role in that issues.

Ways of improvement of banking system in the conditions of forming civilized market relations are

worked out as well.

In the conditions of the world economic crisis of XXI century on the basis of scientific analysis

of the problems of banking system improvement, suitable conclusions are done in the dissertation

and are given recommendations. Namely:

7. It is stated, that because of cyclic character of economic crisis, it is not still possible to avoid it entirely, as the crisis repeats under peculiar time and power;

8. It is stated, that with its influence and duration the world economic crisis of XXI century is the most powerful and scale among the crisis that had ever been;

9. Peculiarities of current economic crisis are determined, which is conditioned:

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- Present world in comparison with the previous one is more interrelated, and it means that

somehow the world has become smaller, or if something important happens in any country’s

economics, it will reflect in other countries as well, because nowadays already exists united world

economy;

- In modern conditions business has global character, as changes in any field of business bring

changes in other fields too;

- Current crisis is the most prolonged and probably it will continue still for a long time;

- Modern technologies, which are faster than the previous ones, accelerated working rhythm , or

generally living rhythm of companies as well as people, that means that not only people can have

a fast reaction on economic crisis, but economic crisis itself spreads very quickly and brings an

important loss;

- Extension of current crisis will bring and partially already has brought aggravation of political and

social conflicts in many countries of the world.

10. Banking system problems in the conditions of post Soviet market relations are determined. It is characterized by:

- Lack of own resources, accordingly, abundance of attracted foreign investments and a high quality

of dependence on them;

- Non diversification of credit portfolio, or their concentration towards the direction of financing

one specific field in business; it brings hard results for banks in crisis conditions;

- Disorganized accounting documents in post Soviet space;

- Realizing unhealthy competition policy by the banks because of ignorance and lack of experience

in bank competition;

- Serious defects existed in legal sphere and namely in execution system; it has delayed compulsory

returning of issued sums for banks and importantly damaged banking system;

- Changes in exchange rates in the conditions of economic crisis and their important influence on

the amount and quality of attracted foreign investments.

11. Ways for solving problems in banking system are worked out in the conditions of post Soviet market relations, namely:

- Introduction of flexible system for insurance of deposits in the country;

- Deep studying of client’s current activity, which may become the basis to avoid many further

problems for itself company as well as bank institution;

- Organizing accounting system for economic activity of any legal or private entity in the whole

country;

- Tightening credit conditions from commercial banks, at the same time it implies real estimation of

situation, that in future they should foresee only official documents and not so called “the black

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records” which have no legal power and any client can change it at any time according to his/her

will;

- Improving legislation in the country, especially specified studying of activity of National Bureau

of Enforcement and eradication of defects existed in it; it is also necessary to minimize the terms

off execution;

- One of the important ways in post Soviet banking system is better introduction with market

relations of leader countries and suitable share of their experience, as there are necessary many

years theoretic and practical activity to gain such experience.

12. Ways for improvement banking system and overcome the world economic crisis are worked out, namely:

- Managing bank risks, estimation of its value and limit control, which must become one of the

most important key for modern banking management and its successful planning – realization

may will directly determine success of bank activity;

- Tightening international demands towards banks on implementation of norms, and it will protect

interrelated bank institutions in the world from non desirable influence of other countries’ banking

systems;

- On the basis of Professor, Doctor of Economic, Philosophic and Legal Sciences Alpred

Kuratashvili’s theories and namely, from scientifically substantiated by him, that economics is

managed not by economics, but by policy, and country policy has an important and main role in

providing banking system problems.

- One of the important way to improve banking system is that banking system of all country should

have regulatory and supervising body, which will be a member of International Banking

Association and will have enough right and independence to resist the government in case of

incorrect direction pressure and despite of possible resistance, realize important and positive

changes for country’s economics;

- In conclusion we can note that even quite just economical policy realized only by one country will

not be enough for improving banking system in the conditions of economic crisis, existence of

united world economics and present globalization. That’s why only united, mutual and coherent

policy of almost all strong countries can take out the world from current economic crisis with

minimum losses as it is possible.

The following scientific works are

published on the dissertation thesis by the author:

1. Peculiarities of the World Economic Crisis at the beginning of XXI Century. International

Scientific Magazine “Economy,” 2010, #10-12. Tbilisi, 2010, Pages 24-31. _ 0,4 N.T.

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2. Aggravation of Realization of Social-Economic Interests on the Background of the World

Economic Crisis. International Scientific Magazine “Social Economy,” 2011, #3. Tbilisi, 2011,

Pages 20-23. _ 0,45 N.T.

3. Aggravation of Realization of People’s Social-Economic Interests on the Background of

Economic Crisis in the United States of America. International Scientific Magazine

“Economy,” 2011, #5-6. Tbilisi, 2011, Pages 64-66. _ 0,2 N.T.

4. Banking System Problems in the Conditions of the World Economic Crisis at the beginning

of XXI Century. International Scientific Magazine “Economy,” 2011, #9-10. Tbilisi, 2011,

Pages 63-67. _ 0,3 N.T.

5. Ways for Solving Banking System Problems in the Conditions of Post Soviet Relations.

International Scientific Magazine “Economy,” 2011, #9-10. Tbilisi, 2011, Pages 37-40. _ 0,25

N.T.

6. Aggravation of Realization of People’s Social-Economic Interests on the Background of

Economic Crisis in the World. Iakob Gogebashvili Telavi State University Professor –

Teachers’ XIII (69th) Scientific Conference Thesis. Tbilisi: Publishing House “Universal,” 2011,

Pages 47-48. - 0,1 N.T.