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ASSIGNMENT : Where was the Ideology Of Pakistan during the

separation of East Pakistan?

Name: Muhammad Salman.

Reg number: BEC/FA10/ 060-LHR

Section: 11-B

Major: Chemical Engineering

Submitted to: Sir Ijaz

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IDEOLOLGY:Ideology means manner of thinking , idea or unproductive

thought . It means , economic , social, moral or political endeavour to achieve a specific

aim.

Now question arises what is the ideology of Pakistan? The following description will helpus in understanding the ideology of Pakistan.

Pakistan ideology means the thought, course ,action or planning which the Muslims of

India adopted for the creation of their independent and sovereign homeland. Every

movement has an ideology behind it , as no monument can be constructed without a

prior map or an idea in the mind of its architect. This very thought was the Ideology of

Pakistan. Hence , it was the plan for the establishment of Pakistan. All factors such ascivilization , customs , creed , conventions , faith , values and sentiments of Muslims ,

which led to the creation of Pakistan are termed as the ideology of Pakistan.

It was an idea which originated in the minds of Muslims of the Sub-Continent of the

Indo-Pak . They were men like Sir Agha Khan , Sardar Muhammad Gill , President of the

Anjuman-e-Islamia , D.I.Khan , Mian Kafaet Ali who wrote a book entitled Confederacy

of India in which he demanded a separate homeland . The likes of Ch.Rehmat Ali , Sir

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Syed Ahmad Khan , Allama Iqbal and last but not the least M.A . Jinnah had such a

devotion in them that they wrought every effort for the establishment of Pakistan.

The above idea neither appeared in the minds of the Muslims in a night nor was it

imported from any other country. It sprang up from the history of the Muslims of the

Subcontinent thought that they had a separate entity in India historically , socially ,

politically , religiously , and morally. It was evident from the negative and biased

character of the Brahmins , the Partition of Bengal , the Nehru report , the Famous

Allahbad address and finally in the Pakistan Resolution. In 1913, Maulana Muhammad

Ali Johar wrote in his famous weekly Comrade , It would be better if the Hindus and

Muslims separate their provinces and migrate to their regions. No doubt , the Hindus

and the Muslims had been living together in India for centuries , they could not become

one nation because the Hindus thought themselves superior to Muslims . They

considered the Muslims , foreigners, They could not absorb the Muslims into Hinduism

because their customs , conventions , civilization and philosophy of life were different.

They considered the Muslims maleech and hated them blindly. The Muslims on the

contrary believed in monotheism , social justice , brotherhood , equity of a man before

law and the Sovereignty of God.

No doubt , the Hindus always claimed that all Indians were one nation but whenever

they saw the Muslims achieving any political safeguard Gandhi became discontented . It

is evident from the Nehru report and the Pakistan resolution. They wanted the muslims

to be their servants after the exodus of British from India. They started Shudi , Sanghtanand Hindu Mashaba movements for the total annihilation of the muslims from India.

Such political chaotic condition led the Muslims to carve out an IDEOLOGY in the

formation of an independent and sovereign state where they could lead their lives

according to their faith , religion , creed , customs and culture.

Why Ideology of Pakistan is Important:Today the world community comprises of more than 180 countries. Pakistan

appeared on the world map in August 1947, and became the first Islamic

ideological state of the modern times. Unlike the non- ideological states, it was not

established due to any geographical conflict or territorial domination by a group of

people. If the ideology of such a state like Pakistan is dead then its existence can be

questioned. Therefore, Pakistan cant exist ifthere is no more ideology of Pakistan.

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What went wrong to the ideology of Pakistan during theSeparation of East Pakistan?

Pakistan is an ideological stateestablished in the name of the Islam. But on the 31st of

December 1971, this land of ours, lost its east wing. And East Pakistan emerged on the world

map as Bangladesh. The Prime Minister of India Ms. Indra Gandhi claimed that the birth ofBangladesh is the death of the two-nation theory If, as said, the ideology of Pakistan came to

an end in 1971, then the objective behind the creation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan

would have come to an end too.

The breakup of the country in 1971 raised cynical eyebrows about national identity and gave

rise to the theory of sub-nationalities on the basis of race, religion and language. Thus

questions are being asked about the very existence of Pakistan.

The debate about the motivating force behind the making of Pakistan has been one endless

exercise. Was there any need of Pakistan at all? Is this just another Muslim state like many

others? Was creation of Pakistan a conspiracy of the British and/or of Muslim League? Was it

to retrieve the ancient glory of the Islamic era, or to find a base for the reconstruction of

Islamic thought and the resurgence and re-adaptation of its message to our day and age? Was

Pakistan created accidentally? Was the sacrifice of thousands of Muslims in 1947 useless?

Should Pakistan and India be merged together to form Akhand Bharat to restore peace in

the Sub-continent?

The story of the separation of East Pakistan is told many times over. The Punjabi-dominated

West Pakistan never allowed Bengalis to benefit from their economic resources and

promote their own culture and language. So much so that they were denied the use of the

name of their land Bengal for their part of the world. Thats why Sheikh Mujib put it like this in

1969: There was a time whenall efforts were made to erase the word Bangla from this land

and its map. The existence of the word Bangla was found nowhere except in the term

Bengal. I on behalf of Pakistan announce today that this land will be called Bangladesh

instead of East Pakistan.

A recent court verdict which bans political parties from using religion in politics reflects Sheikh

Mujibs vision for Bangladesh. Apart from his many disagreements with the principles on

which Pakistan was created and ruled, a major disagreement was on the question of the

ideology of Pakistan, which according to its founding fathers, was Islam.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal

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Immediately after the independence of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujib gave a strong signal about

his new country being different from Pakistan in fundamental ways by proclaiming his basic

principles referred to as Mujibismwhich were to guide Bangladeshs constitution and law-

making. These principles included secularism, nationalism, socialism and democracy.

All the four principles of Sheikh Mujib were incompatible with those of the founders of

Pakistan. Jinnah and his associates were for a free market capitalist economy, Jinnah himself

coming from a merchant family. Sheikh Mujib promoted socialist ideas and embarked on

nationalization. Jinnahs Pakistan derived legetimacy from the ideology of Islam which

considered nationalism as a heretic idea and stressed muslim brotherhood, while Sheikh

Mujib stood for secularism and had a ready justification for his state which derived legitimacy

from a compact Bengali nation which is based on common language, culture heroes and

history. And finally, Sheikh Mujib included democracy in his four points which meant that

sovereignty belonged to the Bengali nation, while in Pakistan the ruling Muslim league party,

headed by Liaqat Ali Khan (Shaheed), assigned sovereignty to almighty Allah

Having said this, there is no denying the fact that the job of Sheikh Mujib of forging a state for

Bengali nation was much easier than that of Jinnah who sought to forge a state for muslims,

an illusive idea which had no precedent in modern history. Till then, modern states were

established on the basis of Western nationalism a concept with the essential ingredients of

common language, culture, history and heroes; the US and India are exceptions (in terms ofethnicity) but the policy of Pakistan compares with none of the two in any meaningful way.

The world was not aware of modern states coming into being on the basis of religious

ideology.

The main factors that led to the fall of Dhaka:

Cultural reasons.Lack of East Paks services at the Centre.Economic deprivation.Mujibs harmful points.Disparity.Geographical reasons.

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Indian military intervention.The separation of East Pakistan came a huge shock to the people of West Pakistan. They

had been led to believe that the Awami League was a poorly organized group of rebels.

They were also told that if India intervened on East Pakistans side, it too would bedefeated easily. Instead the Pak army , despite being well-supplied and with a force over

90,000 soldiers had surrendered . Why was this?

The main reason was that the people of East Pak were determined to resist West Pak.The West Pak forces knew that they were trying to force East Pak to stay a part of

Pakistan , when it did not want to. Many had little heart for such a fight in which they

would have to put armed resistance against fellow muslims

Pakistan also knew that it could expect little support from its allies . East Pak had asupport from India , and when the war developed between Ind and Pak , the Ind could

rely only on Soviet Union . Pak allies and the UN were not interested in supporting a war

to bring East Pak into line.

The separation of East Pakistan was no doubt the biggest tragedy in the history of Pakistan.

However, it should not be regarded as death of Two Nation Theory. First of all Bangladesh,

though no more a part of Pakistan but still is neither a Hindu state nor a secular state rather is

a Muslim State. The elite of West Pakistan were not able to understand the real situation in

East Pakistan and they absolutely failed to tackle it. In spite of all these mistakes by the

government, the involvement of the foreign hand in separation of East Pakistan, is a solid

reality. Those who cry today upon the cross-border terrorism in Kashmir (in spite of the fact

that there is no international border in Kashmir) have totally forgotten the hands and faces

behind the Muktibahini. The way the Bangla youth was brain washed by Hindu teachers and

scholars is an open secret. The fact is that not much literature was available in the Bangla

language about Islam, neither any translation of Iqbal nor of Moududi. On the other hand

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Robinder Nath Tegore and Chander Mukr Ji were very popular.

The Muslim Bangladesh though no more a part of Pakistan is independent from the fright of

Hindu domination.

Ms. Indra Gandhis statement about the creation of Bangladesh, was by itself a proof of the

existence of the Two-Nation Theory. She claimed that today we have taken the revenge of

the 1000s years slavery but in 1971 Pakistan was just 24 years old!!! Then what was she

referring to by mentioning the 1000 years? Definitely she was talking about the era when

Muslims ruled India. This means Pakistan didnt emerge neither with the advent of British to

India, nor is a result of Divide and Conquer, nor is a conspiracy of the Muslim League, nor is a

symbol of nationalism based on territory. Pakistan-based on the Two-Nation theory existed

long before August 47 in the heart of every Muslim of the Sub-Continent, who wanted the

revival of the Muslim Ummah.

Conclusion:

One wishes Pakistan could follow the Bangladesh model. But realities on the ground are

different and they do not allow such a possibility. The different population-groups inhabiting

Pakistan do not share a common mother tongue. Their cultural differences and mutual

suspicions (and their outlook about the Pakistani state) are substantial. Each group hasdifferent agenda for its future. Very often they quarrel for asserting their rights on economic

resources and control over state machinery. Therefore, the only binding force left is that of the

ideology of Islam, the durability and sustainability of which is for all to see. The very idea of

witnessing the two World Wars and the subsequent Cold War, not to mention the many small

wars fought between co-religionists, including ones between Muslim countries.

REFERENCES:

The History and Culture for Pakistan by Nigel KellyPakistan a Historical Contemporary Look by Farook Naseem Bajwa