Immune meds

8/7/2019 Immune meds

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/immune-meds 1/20

IMMUNOLOGIC MEDICATIONS

Dr. Madu

PHARMACOLOGY



PYRAMID POINTS

PHARMACOLOGY:

Immunologic Medications

y Toxic effects associated with immunologic medications

y Nursing considerations related to the administration of

immunologic medications

yMonitoring laboratory test results related to immunologicmedications

y Client education related to the administration of prescribed

medication



ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION

PHARMACOLOGY:


y SULFASALAZINE (AZULFIDINE)

y Used to treat toxoplasmosis or nocardiasis

y Administered orally

y Can cause renal toxicity

y Suppresses bone marrow function

y Increases photosensitivity

y Monitor urine output and complete blood count (CBC)

y Monitor the client for sore throat, pallor, purpura, jaundice, and

weaknessy Encourage fluid intake

y Advise the client to avoid the sun



ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICATIONS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE (PENTAM-300)

y Used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

y Administered by intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) route

y

Can cause nephrotoxicityy Monitor blood pressure and heart rate (may cause hypotension)

y Monitor for hypoglycemia

y Is hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive

y

Monitor liver function tests and CBC



ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICATIONS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL)

y Used to treat cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis

y Administered orally or by the IV route

y

Administer with food or milky Monitor for dry mouth, dizziness, or fungal infection

y Instruct the client to avoid alcohol during treatment



ANTIFUNGAL MEDICATIONS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y KETOCONAZOLE (NIZORAL)

y Used in the treatment of candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, or

histoplasmosis


y Administer with food or milk

y Instruct the client to avoid antacids for 2 hours after taking the

medication because gastric acid is needed to activate the medication

y Is hepatotoxic

y

Monitor hepatic functiony Instruct the client to avoid sun because the medication increases

photosensitivity

y Instruct the client to avoid alcohol during treatment




PHARMACOLOGY:


y FLUCONAZOLE (DIFLUCAN)

y Used to treat candidiasis


y

Is hepatotoxicy Monitor for abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea

y Monitor hepatic function




PHARMACOLOGY:


y AMPHOTERICIN B (FUNGIZONE)

y Used to treat candidiasis and other fungal infections

y Administered by the intravenous route

y

Is nephrotoxicy Can cause thrombophlebitis

y Suppresses bone marrow function

y Monitor renal function

y

Monitor infusion sitey Monitor CBC



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y GANCICLOVIR (CYTOVENE)

y Used to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis

y Administered orally or by the intravenous route

y

Suppresses bone marrow functiony Monitor neutrophil and platelet count

y Administer with food



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y ACYCLOVIR (ZOVIRAX)

y Used to treat herpes simplex, herpes zoster, or varicella zoster

y May be administered orally or by the intravenous route

y

Is nephrotoxicy Monitor renal function

y Encourage fluid intake

y Is irritating to a blood vessel when administered by the IV route



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y FOSCARNET (FOSCAVIR)

y Used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in human

immunodeficiency (HIV) infected clients

y Administered by the IV route

y Is nephrotoxic

y Monitor renal function



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y ZIDOVUDINE (RETROVIR, AZT)

y Antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

y Indicated for clients with HIV seropositivity

y

Administered orallyy Suppresses bone marrow function

y Is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic

y Monitor CBC and hepatic and renal function

y

Monitor for dizziness because the medication crosses the blood-brain barrier

y Instruct the client that medication must be administered around

the clock



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y DIDANOSINE (VIDEX)



y

Administered orallyy Administer on an empty stomach to enhance absorption

y Instruct the client to chew tablet or crush

y Monitor for dizziness, neuropathy, and pancreatitis



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y LAMIVUDINE (EPIVIR)



y

Used as prophylaxis for occupational exposurey Administered orally

y Can cause severe pancreatitis

y Instruct the client to avoid fatty foods



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y SAQUINAVIR (INVIRASE)

y Antiretroviral (protease inhibitor)

y Used in combination with other antiretroviral medications in

the management of HIV infection


y Administered with meals

y Is best absorbed if the client consumes high-calorie, high-fat

meals

y It can cause photosensitivity and the client is instructed to avoid

sun exposure



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y RITONAVIR (NORVIR)


y Used in combination with other antiretroviral medications in

the management of HIV infection


y Administered 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals because it is

best absorbed in a fasting state

y Can increase triglyceride levels

y Monitor triglyceride levels



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y STAVUDINE (D4T, ZERIT)


y Used in the management of HIV infection in clients who do not

respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy


y Can cause peripheral neuropathy

y Monitor the client·s gait

y Ask the client about paresthesias



ANTIVIRALS

PHARMACOLOGY:


y ZALCITABINE (DDC)


y Used in the management of HIV infection with other

antiretrovirals such as AZT because of the synergistic effect

y It has also been used as a single agent in clients who are

intolerant of or who progress on other regimens

y Administered orally (with AZT)

y Can cause serious liver damage

y Monitor liver function studies



DAPSONE (DDS)

PHARMACOLOGY:


y Antifungal, anti-infective, antiprotozoal

y Used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis


y Suppresses bone marrow activity

y Can cause anemia, peripheral motor weakness, and liver

damage

y Monitor the CBC

y Monitor for fever, sore throat, purpura, or jaundice



PYRIMETHAMINE (DARAPRIM)

PHARMACOLOGY:


y Antimalarial and antiprotozoal

y Used in the treatment of toxoplasmosis or Pneumocystis carinii

pneumonia


y Supresses bone marrow function

y Monitor CBC and platelet count

y Administer with food or milk

Documents

Immune meds