INITIATING and INITIATING and DEVELOPINGDEVELOPINGRESEARCHRESEARCH

Prof. Dr. Benyamin KusumoputroProf. Dr. Benyamin KusumoputroComputational Intelligence Research Lab.Computational Intelligence Research Lab.

Faculty of Computer ScienceFaculty of Computer Science

University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Who am IWho am IEducationEducation 1981 ITB (S-1) Fisika1981 ITB (S-1) Fisika 1984 UI-Tokyo Inst. of Tech. 1984 UI-Tokyo Inst. of Tech.

(S-2) Optoelectronics(S-2) Optoelectronics 1993 Tokyo Inst. of Tech.1993 Tokyo Inst. of Tech. (S-3) Japan, EE Depart.(S-3) Japan, EE Depart.

Research FundsResearch Funds 1995-1997 RUT III (peneliti)1995-1997 RUT III (peneliti) 1996-1998 RUT IV (PI)1996-1998 RUT IV (PI) 1998-2000 RUT VI (PI)1998-2000 RUT VI (PI) 2000-2001 DCRG (PI)2000-2001 DCRG (PI) 2000-2001 RU-UI (PI)2000-2001 RU-UI (PI) 2001-2002 QUE Project (part)2001-2002 QUE Project (part) 2003-2005 RUT X (PI)2003-2005 RUT X (PI) 2005-2008 RUTI IV (PI)2005-2008 RUTI IV (PI) 2005-2008 Tokyo Inst. of Tech2005-2008 Tokyo Inst. of Tech 2006-2009 Hibah Pasca 2006-2009 Hibah Pasca

DikNasDikNas 20052005 Vis Prof. TITECH Vis Prof. TITECH 20062006 Vis Prof. Nagoya Vis Prof. Nagoya

Univ.Univ. 2006-2007 Vis.Prof. KAIST 2006-2007 Vis.Prof. KAIST

KoreaKorea

What Is Research??What Is Research??

RERE of of SEARCHSEARCH ing…. ing…. never ending of doing never ending of doing searchingsearching

What we are What we are SearchingSearching for? for?novel contributionnovel contribution to the community of science to the community of science and the community of whom the science is usedand the community of whom the science is used

Fields of ContributionsFields of Contributions::– Novel / originality of Novel / originality of Problems Problems (materials, (materials,

thoughts)thoughts)– Novel / originality of Novel / originality of MethodsMethods– Novel / originality of Novel / originality of AnalysisAnalysisnever proposed from other reseacher(s)never proposed from other reseacher(s)

First OriginalityFirst OriginalityNew Problems (different New Problems (different

characteristics)characteristics) New Problem (materials, thoughts) createsNew Problem (materials, thoughts) creates

– New PhenomenaNew Phenomena– New MethodologyNew Methodology– New Analysis (even using old methodologies)New Analysis (even using old methodologies)

Example: Example: – Newton Law ‘valid’ for meter ordeNewton Law ‘valid’ for meter orde– How ‘valid’ using nano orde (?)How ‘valid’ using nano orde (?)

Originality :Originality :– (first) : Newton Law ‘not valid’ for nano orde(first) : Newton Law ‘not valid’ for nano orde– (second) : proposed novel methodology(second) : proposed novel methodology– (third) : proposed new analysis(third) : proposed new analysis– (fourth) : proposed new material(fourth) : proposed new material

Second OriginalitySecond OriginalityNovel MethodologyNovel Methodology

Novel Methodology createsNovel Methodology creates– New AnalysisNew Analysis– New MaterialsNew Materials– New MethodologyNew Methodology

Novel Method for New Material Novel Method for New Material (problems)(problems)– Kuantum Mechanics for nano ordeKuantum Mechanics for nano orde

Novel Method for Old Material (Novel Method for Old Material (nano nano ordeorde not new anymorenot new anymore))– Kuantum Mechanics for STM (scanning Kuantum Mechanics for STM (scanning

tunneling microscope)tunneling microscope)

Third OriginalityThird OriginalityNovel AnalysisNovel Analysis

Novel Analysis comes fromNovel Analysis comes from– Phenomena of New MaterialsPhenomena of New Materials– Phenomena of New MethodologyPhenomena of New Methodology

Novel Analysis for new methodsNovel Analysis for new methods Novel Analysis for old methods on new Novel Analysis for old methods on new

materialsmaterials Novel Analysis createsNovel Analysis creates

– Novel MaterialsNovel Materials– Novel MethodologyNovel Methodology– Novel AnalysisNovel Analysis

Chain of OriginalitiesChain of Originalities

Developing New MaterialsDeveloping New Materials– Triggered novel methodologyTriggered novel methodology– Triggered novel analysisTriggered novel analysis

Developing Novel MethodologyDeveloping Novel Methodology– Triggered novel analysisTriggered novel analysis– Triggered development of new materialsTriggered development of new materials

Developing Novel AnalysisDeveloping Novel Analysis– Triggered development of new materialsTriggered development of new materials– Triggered novel methodologyTriggered novel methodology

Initiating ResearchInitiating Research

Chain of Originality of research forms a Chain of Originality of research forms a cyclecycle

Cutting in every points will create another Cutting in every points will create another originalityoriginality

Where to start?Where to start? How to create originality ?How to create originality ? How to accelerate research?How to accelerate research? How to get research funds?How to get research funds?

Where to StartWhere to Start Starts with the most potential you Starts with the most potential you

havehave– Scope of your expertiseScope of your expertise– Journal references, researchers linkageJournal references, researchers linkage– Accumulate dedicated researchers aroundAccumulate dedicated researchers around

Starts with minimal failure risk Starts with minimal failure risk – Financial, timeFinancial, time– Empathy and sympathy of research groupEmpathy and sympathy of research group– Doing the small thing first, but fastDoing the small thing first, but fast

Looking and matching Research Topic Looking and matching Research Topic – RUT, RUTI, International FundsRUT, RUTI, International Funds

Development of Novel Development of Novel MethodsMethods

Higher impact on OriginalityHigher impact on Originality Ignite more Contributions on Chains of Ignite more Contributions on Chains of

OriginalityOriginality Most difficult to achieveMost difficult to achieve High quality of infrastructure, man High quality of infrastructure, man

powerpower

Research Team, Research Group, Research Team, Research Group, Consistent development. Consistent development.

A Good Research TopicA Good Research Topic

looking for unsolved problemslooking for unsolved problems still important and prospectus (5 -still important and prospectus (5 -

10 years)10 years) interesting to the research interesting to the research

community (scientific innovations)community (scientific innovations) interesting to the industrial interesting to the industrial

community (applications community (applications innovations)innovations)

match with institutional funding match with institutional funding schemescheme

Scope of Research Scope of Research InitiativeInitiative

Too broad is not deep : rarely produce Too broad is not deep : rarely produce originalityoriginality

Too narrow looks easy Too narrow looks easy Too constrained is bad : rarely produce Too constrained is bad : rarely produce

field of applicationsfield of applications Too unconstrained is bad : almost Too unconstrained is bad : almost

impossible, showing un-capabilityimpossible, showing un-capability

““Telescoping” is bestTelescoping” is best

Sistematika Melakukan Sistematika Melakukan RisetRiset

(proses mencari (proses mencari berkesinambungan)berkesinambungan)1.1. MembacaMembaca dan mengerti materi makalah dan mengerti materi makalah

jurnal acuanjurnal acuan2.2. MeniruMeniru dan memahami materi makalah dan memahami materi makalah

jurnal acuanjurnal acuan3.3. Memahami Memahami mengapa dan bagaimana mengapa dan bagaimana

penulis mendapatkan orijinalitasnyapenulis mendapatkan orijinalitasnya4.4. Melakukan Melakukan pencaharianpencaharian orijinalitas orijinalitas5.5. Melakukan Melakukan eksperimeneksperimen6.6. MenulisMenulis ilmiah ilmiah

How to Accelerate ResearchHow to Accelerate Research Write related research topic Write related research topic

– Annotated bibliographiesAnnotated bibliographies– Literature surveys (including open challenges)Literature surveys (including open challenges)

Replicate and change the previous workReplicate and change the previous work– Re-implementRe-implement– Re-deriveRe-derive– Re-experimentRe-experiment

Start varying parameters, assumptions, Start varying parameters, assumptions, environmentsenvironments– Different characteristicsDifferent characteristics– Different modelsDifferent models– Different tools and equipmentsDifferent tools and equipments

The Research ProcessThe Research Process

Research is not linearResearch is not linear Balance your time amongBalance your time among

– readingreading– writingwriting– thinkingthinking– doingdoing

and betweenand between– narrow focusnarrow focus– broad focusbroad focus

How to get Research How to get Research fundsfunds

ReadRead journal papers to become an journal papers to become an expertexpert

Be an Be an expertexpert then produce then produce high-high-quality research quality research

Produce Produce high-quality researchhigh-quality research then looking for then looking for research fundsresearch funds

don’t think reverselydon’t think reversely

Words from the Words from the WiseWise

(tricks to (tricks to accelerate)accelerate)

Peters’ Criteria for Research Peters’ Criteria for Research TopicsTopics

Financial supportFinancial support Interest to youInterest to you Extendability after completionExtendability after completion ControversyControversy Time to completeTime to complete ““Hotness”Hotness” Advisor’s enthusiasmAdvisor’s enthusiasm Closeness to advisor’s researchCloseness to advisor’s research Depth of existing researchDepth of existing research Duplication or uniquenessDuplication or uniqueness Narrow focusNarrow focus TractabilityTractability

Peters p. 189

Hamming’s AdviceHamming’s Advice Work on important problemsWork on important problems Commit yourself emotionally to your workCommit yourself emotionally to your work Work hardWork hard Tolerate uncertaintyTolerate uncertainty GeneralizeGeneralize Don’t make excusesDon’t make excuses Sell yourself and your workSell yourself and your work Don’t fight the systemDon’t fight the system Be collegialBe collegial Look for the positiveLook for the positive Know your strengths and weaknessesKnow your strengths and weaknesses

Research Advice from CRA-Research Advice from CRA-WW

Start with Start with problemsproblems, not with solutions, not with solutions– I have a hammer! Where’s the nearest nail?I have a hammer! Where’s the nearest nail?– Ideally, focus on a Ideally, focus on a generalgeneral problem or class of problem or class of

applicationsapplications Question assumptionsQuestion assumptions

– ...of your work and previous work...of your work and previous work Break your research into Break your research into manageable piecesmanageable pieces Know how you will Know how you will evaluateevaluate your method your method

– Understand the standard Understand the standard methodologiesmethodologies for your field for your field– Identify evaluation Identify evaluation metricsmetrics– Develop Develop baselinebaseline methods and methods and benchmarkbenchmark problems problems

Have Have long-term and short-term goalslong-term and short-term goals SellSell yourself and your work yourself and your work

From Me….From Me….

Make Research Collaboration, Team and Make Research Collaboration, Team and positioning yourself inside..the structurepositioning yourself inside..the structure

Be a good colleagueBe a good colleague– Help your advisor, other students, other Help your advisor, other students, other

faculty, colleaguesfaculty, colleagues– Collaborate!Collaborate!

Use other activities to benefit your Use other activities to benefit your researchresearch

Announce your accomplishmentsAnnounce your accomplishments Seek out supportive environmentsSeek out supportive environments

Thank youThank you