Introduction to Chemistry (Thai)

1-1 1: (Chemistry)

1: (Chemistry)The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Raymond Chang

(macroscopic: ) (microscopic: )

...

1. : ,

2. :

3. : ,

4. : 5. : 6. :

, ,

Marvin 5.5.0 JChem 5.5.0 Chemaxon (http://www.chemaxon.com) 2011

1.1: : www.thefullwiki.org

1: (Chemistry) 1-2

1.1:

1. ?

2. ?

3.


1-3 1.1:

1.1:

SI

1.2:

1960 (metric) SI (SI Systme international d'units)

7 (base unit) (derived unit) 7

SI

(meter) m

(kilogram) kg

(second) s

(ampere) A

(kelvin) K

(mole) mol

(candela) cd

(newton) N kgm/s2

(hertz) Hz 1/s

(joule) J Nm kgm2/s2

(coulomb) C As

(volt) V J/C kgm2/As

(pascal) Pa N/m2 kg/ms2


1.2: (: http://www.bipm.org/en/si/

si_brochure/general.html)

1.2: 1-4

(prefix)

yotta- Y 1024 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000zetta- Z 1021 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000exa- E 1018 1 000 000 000 000 000 000peta- P 1015 1 000 000 000 000 000tera- T 1012 1 000 000 000 000giga- G 109 1 000 000 000mega- M 106 1 000 000kilo- k 103 1 000

hecto- h 102 100deca- / deka- da 101 10

deci- d 10-1 0. 1centi- c 10-2 0. 01milli- m 10-3 0. 001micro- 10-6 0. 000 001nano- n 10-9 0. 000 000 001pico- p 10-12 0. 000 000 000 001

femto- f 10-15 0. 000 000 000 000 001atto- a 10-18 0. 000 000 000 000 000 001

zepto- z 10-21 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 001yocto- y 10-24 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001


1.3:

1-5 1.2:

1.1:

1. ()

mega-, nano-, kilo-, deci-, hecto-, centi-, milli-, micro-, giga-_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

2.

85 Mg = ? mg

750 nm = ? m

55 mK kK _______________________

88 GJ cJ _______________________

3 C pC _______________________

1.2:1. 1 m = ? cm : ______________________________

2. 1 m2 = ? cm2 : ______________________________

3. 1 m3 = ? cm3 : ______________________________

()


1.3: 1-6

1.3:

1.3.1: (scientific notation)

2 602 200 000 000 000 000 000 000 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 66

N10n

: N 1 10 (1 N < 10)n (n )

602 200 000 000 000 000 000 000

602200000000000000000000 = 60220000000000000000000.0 10= 6022000000000000000000.00 102

= 602200000000000000000.000 103

=...

= 6.02200000000000000000000 1023

= 6.022 1023

0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 66

0.00000000000000000000000166 = 00.0000000000000000000000166 101

= 000.000000000000000000000166 102

= 0000.00000000000000000000166 103

=...

= 0000000000000000000000001.66 1024

= 1.66 1024

N en N En 6.022e23 6.022E23 1.66e-24 1.66E-24


1-7 1.3:

1.2:

1.

0.00000027 = ___________________

6325 = ___________________

0.025 = ___________________

7800000000 = ___________________

19.07 = ___________________

1.3.2:

1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000. 000 000 000 001

()

9 cm: 1 cm 9.0 cm: 0.1 cm 9.00 cm: 0.01cm

(analog) 1 mm (0.1 cm) 0.2 mm (0.02 cm), 200.0 mm (20.00 cm), 12.7 mm (1.27 cm) (digital)


1.4: micrometer (: Lucasbosch wikimedia)

1.3: 1-8

1.3:

1.

(significant figure)

432 3

... 2 ( ) 1001 10.01

4 () 120.00 5

1000 ... 1103 1 1.0103 2 1.00103 3 1.000103 4

( 1 m = 100 cm) ( 3 )


1-9 1.3:

1.4:

1.

250.0 m ______________________

2905.75 ______________________

6510-8 m ______________________

13600 kg/m3 ______________________

10 ______________________

12.123 + 0.5 = 12.623 12.6

2.0011 10.0 = 20.011 20.0

3+42 3 + (4 2) = 11

1.5:

1.

145.75 + (2.3E-1) = ______________________

79500 (2.5102) = ______________________

(7.010-3) (9.9106) = ______________________

(1.0E4) (9.9E6) = ______________________

0.0095 + (8.510-3) = ______________________

653 (5.7510-8) = ______________________

-4300 + 3.6E10 1.55E6 + 500 = ______________________


1.3: 1-10

1.3.3:

...

1.3:

1. W = Fr ( )

SI _____________________

2. u (atomic mass unit) 1/12

SI _____________________

3. ?

7.0 g 10.0 g / 5.0 cm3 3.0 cm3 = 8.5 g/cm 3

7 = 7 ...1371

7= 1

37

7= 7

21= 1

3

1.79 m (inch: in)

: 1 cm = 110-2 m 1 in = 2.54 cm

1.79 m 1 cm1102 m

1 in2.54 cm

= 70.5 in


1-11 1.3:

1.6:

1. 5

2. ( 1 lb = 0.45 kg, 1 year = 365.24 days, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 mi = 1.6 km)

556 mL L

10.6 kg/m3 g/cm3

242 lb mg

25 C F K

1300.0 m/s km/hr

7.2 m3 L

6.0 ft m _______________________

55 mi/hr m/s _______________________

2.70 g/cm3 kg/m3 _______________________


1.3: 1-12

3. ( = 3.00E8 m/s, = 9.3E7 mi)

4. 0.62 ppm ( 6.0E3 g, 1 ppm 1 g 1,000,000 g)

5. 1 ly () km (1 1 : 3 )

6. ( 19.3 g/cm3) 10.0 cm g

7. 0.08744 lb 242.0 mL 260.5 mL (g/cm3)


1-13 1.3:

8. 240 mL/min 12 20% ( 20 cm3 100 cm3) 16% ()

9. 1.51021 L 1.03103 kg/m3 3.1% ( 3.1 g 100 g)

10. *** 0.13 nm 10 cm 1

11. *** (platinum: 21.45 g/cm3) (0.9986 g/cm3) 860.2 g 820.2 g

1.4:


1.4: 1-14

1.4.1:

(physical property)

(chemical property) -

1.5:

3

1. (solid)

2. (liquid)

3. / (gas)

1.6:

2 ...

1. (substance)


1.5: (: F l a n k e r wikimedia)

1-15 1.6:

2. (mixture)

1.6.1:

2

(element) 117 ( , ), ( , ), ( , )

3

(metal)

(non-metal) ()

(metalliod, semi-metal)


1.6:

1.6: 1-16

(symbol) ...

1. () 1-2

(sodium) natrium Na

(copper) cuprum Cu

(gold) aurum Au

(silver) argentum Ag

2. 1-2

(carbon) C

(chlorine) Cl

(cadmium) Cd

(calcium) Ca

(cesium) Cs

3.

0 nil / nilium n1 un / unium u2 bi / bium b3 tri / trium t4 quad / quadium q5 pent / pentium p6 hex / hexium h7 sept / septium s8 oct / octium o9 en / ennium e


1-17 1.6:

117 Ununseptium (Uus)

(representative element) 1,2 13-18

(compound) (chemical bond) (H2O) 2 1

H2O

Co CO (carbon monoxide)

1.6.2:

2

(homogeneous mixture)

(heterogeneous mixture)


1.7: (: http://www.photographyblogger.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Oil-in-Water18.jpg)

1.6: 1-18


1.8:

1: (Chemistry)1.1: 1.2: 1.3: 1.3.1: (scientific notation)1.3.2: 1.3.3:

1.4: 1.4.1:

1.5: 1.6: 1.6.1: 1.6.2:

Documents

Introduction to Chemistry (Thai)