ISiM Globalization Chethan,Eniyan

8/14/2019 ISiM Globalization Chethan,Eniyan

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GLOBALIZATION ANDGLOBALIZATION AND

THE INFORMATIONTHE INFORMATIONSOCIETY:SOCIETY:

Global syndicate #4Global syndicate #4

Intergovernmental OrganizationIntergovernmental Organization

Chethan, EniyanChethan, Eniyan


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UN IntroductionUN Introduction

United Nations - 24 October 1945United Nations - 24 October 1945

Currently 192 MembersCurrently 192 Members

Headquarters is in New York CityHeadquarters is in New York City

Six official languages are used at theSix official languages are used at the

United Nations - Arabic, Chinese,United Nations - Arabic, Chinese,

English, French, Russian and SpanishEnglish, French, Russian and Spanish


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Aim of UN:Aim of UN:

international peace and security,international peace and security,safeguard human rights,safeguard human rights,international law,international law,

to promote social and economicto promote social and economic

progress, improve living standards,progress, improve living standards,and fight diseases. opportunity forand fight diseases. opportunity forcountries to balance globalcountries to balance globalinterdependence and nationalinterdependence and nationalinterests when addressinginterests when addressinginternational problems.international problems.


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Global Governance and RegimeGlobal Governance and Regime

Formation.Formation.

Global governance "Global governance "does not implydoes not implyworld government or worldworld government or world

federalismfederalism."."


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Internet GovernanceInternet Governance

MechanismsMechanisms

Internet governance mechanismsInternet governance mechanisms

vary by institutional formvary by institutional form


vary by functionvary by function


vary by the domain of participantsvary by the domain of participants


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Infrastructure Financing, Development,Infrastructure Financing, Development,

Interconnection Costs, and StabilityInterconnection Costs, and Stability


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SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis

StrengthStrength

Flexible chargingFlexible charging

arrangementsarrangements

WeaknessWeakness

Developing countriesDeveloping countries

pay higher chargespay higher charges Internet-basedInternet-based

businesses inbusinesses in

developing countriesdeveloping countries

prefer to relocate toprefer to relocate todeveloped countriesdeveloped countries

Non-regulatedNon-regulated

services layerservices layer


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Increased competitionIncreased competition

in internationalin international

bandwidthbandwidth actual reduction inactual reduction in

bulk bandwidthbulk bandwidth

ThreatsThreats

Symmetrical traffic isSymmetrical traffic is

expected to continueexpected to continue

Regional geopoliticalRegional geopoliticaldifferences/conflictsdifferences/conflicts

Resistance to changeResistance to change

by tier-1by tier-1

OpportunityOpportunity


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The alternatives to a governanceThe alternatives to a governance

(regulatory) mechanism are(regulatory) mechanism are::

Development of regional IPDevelopment of regional IP

backbonesbackbones

Establishment of local and regionalEstablishment of local and regionalIXPsIXPs


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Human Rights, Universal Access,Human Rights, Universal Access,

Freedom of Expression & Right toFreedom of Expression & Right to

CommunicateCommunicate

Internet access for all -Internet access for all -Art. 26Art. 26

The right to freedom ofThe right to freedom of

expressionexpressionPrivacy, surveillancePrivacy, surveillanceand encryption -and encryption - Art. 12Art. 12


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The right to access to infrastructureThe right to access to infrastructure

irrespective of where one liveirrespective of where one live

The right to interfaces, content andThe right to interfaces, content and

applications accessible to allapplications accessible to all

The right to affordable accessThe right to affordable access

The right to access and createThe right to access and createcontent that is culturally andcontent that is culturally and

linguistically diverselinguistically diverse


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Internet InfrastructureInternet Infrastructure

Technical Standardization -Technical Standardization - ITU,ITU,ETSI, Global Standards Coordination,ETSI, Global Standards Coordination,

IETF, IAB, WC3IETF, IAB, WC3

Development -Development - :: World Bank, ITU,World Bank, ITU,ADB, ASEAN, UNDPADB, ASEAN, UNDP

Information Security andInformation Security and

Surveillance -Surveillance - Interpol, COE, OECD,Interpol, COE, OECD,G-8, EU, UN General AssemblyG-8, EU, UN General Assembly

Content & Information Flow -Content & Information Flow - ITU,ITU,

OECD, UN General Assembly, UNESCOOECD, UN General Assembly, UNESCO


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Suggestions for GovernanceSuggestions for Governance

AlternativesAlternatives

The multilateral organization -The multilateral organization -

democracy, transparency, opennessdemocracy, transparency, openness

and efficiencyand efficiency

Multilingualization of Internet name,Multilingualization of Internet name,is a policy issue rather than ais a policy issue rather than a

technical issuetechnical issue


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ProposalsProposals

The ccTLD registry may chooseThe ccTLD registry may choose

independently the IDN languagesindependently the IDN languages

The prepared ccTLD registry mayThe prepared ccTLD registry may

first apply to ICANN for the IDNfirst apply to ICANN for the IDNregistration servicesregistration services


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StrengthStrength

Diversity of rootDiversity of root

server operatorsserver operators

creates robustnesscreates robustness operators work underoperators work under

technical and nottechnical and not

political criteriapolitical criteria

Proven record ofProven record ofstability and securitystability and security

WeaknessWeakness

Lack of formal, writtenLack of formal, written

relationship betweenrelationship between

ICANN and RootICANN and RootServer OperatorsServer Operators

RSSAC website doesRSSAC website does

not provide robust andnot provide robust and

current informationcurrent informationabout membershipabout membership


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OpportunityOpportunity

Opportunity toOpportunity to

strengthen the rootstrengthen the root

server operationsserver operations

Showcase an exampleShowcase an example

of a public/privateof a public/private

partnershippartnership

ThreatsThreats

The Root ServerThe Root Server

Operators areOperators are

technically strongtechnically strong Not bound byNot bound by

contractualcontractual

agreementsagreements

alternative rootalternative rootsystem would possiblysystem would possibly

result in non-result in non-

uniquenessuniqueness


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Conclusion:Conclusion:

Globally and implementing locallyGlobally and implementing locallyOpen participation and multistakeOpen participation and multistake

holdersholders

Open and transparent and moreOpen and transparent and moreaccountableaccountable

Horizontal governance mechanismsHorizontal governance mechanisms

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ISiM Globalization Chethan,Eniyan