Upload
karunesh-mathur
View
231
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
1/35
Information Systemsin Business
Information SystemsInformation Systemsin Businessin Business
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
2/35
2
Information Systems
Information System (IS): A Process that:
collects,
processes,
stores, analyzes, and
disseminates
information for a specific purpose.
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
3/35
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
4/35
Three Important Dimensions of Information Systems
Organizations
Management
Technology
You will need to understand and balance thesedimensions of information systems in order to createbusiness value.
Dimensions of Information Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
5/35
People
Structure
Business processes
Culture
Politics
The Organizational Dimension of Information Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
6/35
SimulatingSimulating
Decision makingDecision making
PlanningPlanning
Innovating new processesInnovating new processes
Setting agendasSetting agendas & Targets
The Management Dimension of Information Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
7/35
Hardware:Hardware: Physical equipmentPhysical equipment
Software:Software: Detailed preprogrammed instructionsDetailed preprogrammed instructions
Storage:Storage: Physical media for storing data and thePhysical media for storing data and the
softwaresoftware
Information technology is one of the tools managersInformation technology is one of the tools managersuse to cope with change:use to cope with change:
The Technology Dimension of Information Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
8/35
Communications technology:Communications technology: Transfers dataTransfers data
from one physical location to anotherfrom one physical location to another
Networks:Networks: Links computers to share data orLinks computers to share data or
resourcesresources
The Technology Dimension of Information Systems
(Continued)
Managers need to know enough about informationManagers need to know enough about information
technology to make intelligent decisions about how totechnology to make intelligent decisions about how to
use it for creating business value.use it for creating business value.
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
9/35
9
Classification of Information Systems
The two most common classifications are:
Classification by breath of support
Classification by organizational level .
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
10/35
10
Departmental, corporate, and inter-
organizational IS
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
11/35
11
Classification by Organization Levels
The typical enterprise is organized
hierarchically, from the:
clerical and office worker layer, to the operational layer,
the managerial layer, the knowledge worker layer and
finally the strategic layer.
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
12/35
Types of Information Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
13/35
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
1. Operational-level systems: support operationalmanagers, keeping track of the elementary activities andtransactions
2. Management-level systems: serve the monitoring,controlling, decision-making, and administrative activities
3. Strategic-level systems: help senior managementtackle and address strategic issues
Three main categories of information systems serve
different organizational levels:
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
14/35
MAJOR TYPES OF SYSTEMS IN
ORGANIZATIONS
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
15/35
Typical Applications of TPS
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
16/35
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Management level
Inputs: High volume transaction level data
Processing: Simple models
Outputs: Summary reports
Users: Middle managers
Example: Annual budgeting
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
17/35
Management Information Systems (MIS) (continued)
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
18/35
Management Information Systems (MIS) (continued)
A sample MIS report
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
19/35
Decision-Support Systems (DSS)
Management level
Inputs: Transaction level data
Processing: Interactive
Outputs: Decision analysis
Users: Professionals, staff
Example: Contract cost analysis
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
20/35
Decision-Support Systems (DSS) (Continued)
Voyage-estimating decision-support system
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
21/35
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS):
Inputs:Aggregate data
Processing: Interactive
Outputs: Projections
Users: Senior managers
Example: 5 year operating plan
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
22/35
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS) (Continued)
Top Level Management
Designed to the individual senior manager
Very expensive to keep up
Extensive support staff
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
23/35
The Four Major Types of Information Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
24/35
Relationship of Systems to One Another
Interrelationships among systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
25/35
Traditional Silo View of Information Systems
Within the business:Within the business:
There are functions, each having its uses ofThere are functions, each having its uses ofinformation systemsinformation systems
Outside the organizationOutside the organizations boundaries:s boundaries:
There are customers and vendorsThere are customers and vendors
Functions tend to work in isolationFunctions tend to work in isolation
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
26/35
Traditional View of Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
27/35
CrossCross--Functional Business Processes:Functional Business Processes:
Cut across boundaries between Sales, Marketing,Cut across boundaries between Sales, Marketing,
Manufacturing, and Human Resource, etc.Manufacturing, and Human Resource, etc.
Group employees from different functional specialtiesGroup employees from different functional specialties
to a complete piece of workto a complete piece of work
Example: Order Fulfi llment ProcessExample: Order Fulfillment Process
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
28/35
The Order Fulfil lment Process
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
29/35
Systems for Enterprise-Wide Process Integration
Enterprise applications:
Designed to support organizationDesigned to support organization--wide processwide process
coordination and integrationcoordination and integration
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
30/35
Enterprise Systems
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
31/35
Consist ofConsist of :
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Supply chain management systems
Customer relationship management systems
Knowledge management systems
Systems for Enterprise-Wide Process Integration
(Continued)
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
32/35
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
33/35
Enterprise Application Architecture
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
34/35
Integrated Systems Approach
Common set of applications
Usually requires re-engineering of businessprocesses Better alignment
Limited customization Easier upgrades
Overcomes inefficiencies of independent
systems Integrated data supports multiple business
functions
8/10/2019 ITAM PPT 1
35/35
Benefits of Enterprise Systems
Help to unify the firmHelp to unify the firms structure and organization:s structure and organization:
One organizationOne organization
Management:Management: Firm wide knowledgeFirm wide knowledge--basedbased
management processesmanagement processes
Technology:Technology: Unified platformUnified platform
Business:Business: More efficient operations & customerMore efficient operations & customer--
driven business processesdriven business processes