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THE AMERICAN RULE

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American colonial policy

• American colonial policy in the Philippineswas unique in the world o colonialism!ecause o the ollowin" reasons#

$% The Americans said they would "o assoon as the &ilipinos could stand on theirown as a ree nation% &rom the !e"innin"'

American oicials did not want to hold onto the Philippines as a colony ore(er%

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American colonial policy

)% The Americans were *inder and more"enerous than other colonial powers othe same era +,ermany' Netherlands'&rance or -ritain.% The American sharedpower with the &ilipinos in "o(ernment%

/% The &ilipinos adopted American ways

(ery well% No other ormer colony li*e itsother country as much as the &ilipinosli*ed the United 0tates

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American colonial "o(ernment

• The Philippines was ruled !y the Americans in the ollowin" ways#

$% Military "o(ernment +Au"ust $1' $232 45uly 1' $36$. This "o(ernment was run!y military "enerals appointed !y the

American president% There were three

military "o(ernors# ,en% 7esley Merritt8,en% Elwell 9tis8 and ,en% ArthurMcArthur%

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Gen. Otis

Gen. McArthur

Gen. Merritt

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)% Ci(il "o(ernment +5uly 1' $36$:Au"ust$36). This "o(ernment was run !y

American ci(ilian oicials appointed !y

the American president% -ut later it wasrun !y &ilipino oicials elected !y&ilipinos%

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• There were se(eral *inds o ci(ilian"o(ernments durin" the American era%These were# The Philippine Commission8

the American ,o(ernor:,eneral to"etherwith the &ilipino people8 and' theCommonwealth o the Philippines%

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• Maniest ;estiny

• -ene(olent Assimilation Proclamationissued on ;ec% )$' $232 4 the U0 shalle<ercise so(erei"nty o(er the entirearchipela"o

• A"uinaldo issued a counter:proclamationon 5anuary =' $233

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• 5anuary )6' $233 4 Pres% Mc>inleyappointed the &irst Philippine Commissionto ma*e recommendations in theadministration o the country8 thiscommission was headed !y ;r% 5aco!0churman

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• &e!ruary 1' $233 4 Pri(ate 7illie ,raysonshot and *illed a &ilipino soldier% Thise(ent tri""ered the Philippine:American7ar +$233:$36?.

• -ates Treaty 4 si"ned !y 5ohn -ates and

0ultan 5amalul >iram II o 0ulu on Au"ust)6' $233% The Muslims remained neutralin the war%

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• &e!ruary =' $233 4 the American leet!om!arded the &ilipinos ort north o 0an5uan del Monte *illin" Ma@or% 5ose Torres-u"allion%

• &e!ruary ))' $233 4 Antonio Luna !urned

American occupied houses in Tondo and-inondo

• ,en% MacArthur and his troops arri(ed

rom the U08 they aimed to captureMalolos

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• March /$' $232 4 Malolos was captured

• March ? ' $232 : Apolinario Ma!ini metwith the 0churman Commission to requestor a cease:ire !ut he was reused% Ma!iniresi"ned in the A"uinaldo ca!inet and wasreplaced !y Pedro A% Paterno as the head

o the new ca!inet

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• Peace Ca!inetB headed !y &elipe-uencamino ne"otiated peace with the

Americans%

• Antonio Luna met a tra"ic death

• 9cto!er $)' ' $232 4 a ull:scale oensi(ewas launched to capture Pres% A"uinaldo

• ,re"orio del Pilar deended Tirad Pass

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• 5anuario ,alut "uided the Americans inTirad pass which lead to the death o delPilar

• The wherea!outs o A"uinaldo wasdisco(ered8 ,en% &unston employed theMaca!e!e scouts to capture A"uinaldo

• April 3' $232 4 A"uinaldo too* the oath oalle"iance to the United 0tates

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• Paciicados +Paciists. led !y PedroPaterno and &elipe -uencamino whichlater !ecame Partido &ederal headed !y

Trinidad Pardo de Ta(era wanted to ma*ethe Philippines a part o the U0%

• 5uly ' $232 4 Pres% Theodore Roose(elt

declared that the Philippine:American 7arwas o(er

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A ,o(ernment Under America

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Timeline:

PhilippineBill(1902)

Jones Law(1916)

PhilippineAssembly(1907)

PhilippineCommonw

ealth

Constitutional

Conventio

"a#e$"awes$Cuttin%

Law(192) &y'in%s$

*u+e

Law

-./-ission(191)

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• March $?' $233 4 Pres% Mc>inleyappointed the Tat Commission and "a(e itle"islati(e and e<ecuti(e power to put up a

ci(ilian "o(ernment• 5uly 1' $36$ 4 5ud"e 7illiam Howard Tat

!ecame the irst ci(il "o(ernor

• His policy Philippines or &ilipinosB laidthe oundation o a democratic"o(ernment

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Tats achie(ements

• The sale o hu"e tracts o riar lands to&ilipinos on installment terms

• Cooper ActDPhilippine 9r"anic Act o $36) 4 e<tends the U0 -ill o Ri"hts to &ilipinos

• &irst oicial census was held on March )'$233%

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9ther political parties

• These parties were or"anied tocounteract the pro:American acti(ities othe Partido &ederal

• Partido Nacionalista 'PartidoIndependencia' Partido ;emocrata

• Partido Conser(ador

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• ,en% Ficente Lu*!an am!ushed Americansoldiers in -alan"i"a' 0amar

• ,en% 5aco! 0mith ordered the massacreo all men and children a!out ten years oa"e

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• ,eneral Mi"uel Mal(ar continued to i"htor Philippine independence

• He surrendered to the Americans on April$?' $36)%

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Anti:nationalist laws

• 0edition Law 4 imposed death penalty orlon" prison term to those who ad(ocatedseparation orm the U0 e(en throu"h

peaceul means• -ri"anda"e Act 4 punished with death or

with a prison term o not less than )6

years or mem!ers o an armed !and

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• Reconcentration Act 4 this "a(e the"o(ernor "eneral the power to authorieany pro(incial "o(ernor to reconcentrate in

the towns all residents outlyin" !arrios ioutlaws operated in these areas%

• &la" Law 4 prohi!ited the display o

Philippine la" and other sym!ols used !the resistance a"ainst the U0

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How the &ilipinos carried ontheir i"ht or reedom

• Theater and literature

• Peasant re(olts and the Communist Partyo the Philippines

G Peaceul pressure !y the &ilipinopoliticians endin" in the

esta!lishment o the

Commonwealth o thePhilippines in $3/=%

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A#ts an' Lite#atu#e /esistane

G Ame#ian autho#ities enate' .e'ition Lawin 19013 Any 4ilipino a'voatin%in'epen'ene o# sepa#ation 5#om the nite'.tates woul' be punishe' seve#ely by 'eath

o# imp#isonment3G Plays an' '#amas a'voatin% in'epen'ene

we#e labele' se'itious playsG 4ilipinos employe' a va#iety o5 subte#5u%es8

alle%o#ial ve#ses talinha%a 'ouble$meanin%s et33

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&ani:alan% ;into

G Juan Aba's Tanikalang Ginto” <#stp#o'ue' on July 7 1902 an' banne' onay 10 190 a5te# pe#5o#mane in Batan%asan' was <ne' =20003

G &he sup#eme ou#t late# on #eve#se' the'eision3

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&ani:alan% ;into

&he play #evolves a#oun' Liwanag (“light,”“the new Pilipinas after departure of Spain),who is p#omise' to the he#o Kulayaw (“loyal,”the Filipino freedo !ghters, also the

pennae of "#ad)$"e# a'opte' 5athe# %ai#ot (ava#iious the3.3) app#oves the p#opose' ma##ia%e3"oweve# he late# with'#aws his onsent an'bans Kulayaw 5#om his house3 "e ent#eatsLiwanag to aban'on >ulayaw an' t#ies to b#ibehe# with %i5ts3 "e uses ?a%tapon (wo#thless4ilipino ollabo#ato#s who see a li5e at easeun'e# the Ame#ians) to spy on his b#othe#

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&ani:alan% ;into

?a%tapon 'isowns thei# mothe# &alita (poo#an' su@e#in% othe# Count#y an' themasses)3 &alita 'ies aban'one' by he# sons3aimbots %i5ts 5ail to move Liwanag so he ties

he# to a balete an' leaves he# to 'agtapon3Kulayaw sea#hes 5o# Liwana% an' one he<n's he# 'agtapon :ills he#3&iwa (spi#it pe#sistene in st#u%%le) ta:es

Liwanag to heaven3 &iwa p#omises to Kulayawthat Liwanag will #etu#n to him a5te# she hasi#le' the unive#se3 &he play en's with atableau8 'agtapon is possesse' by 'emons

while >ulayaw is #owne' by spi#its a5te#

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-the# *#amatistsG

Au#elio &olentino maste# o5 subte#5u%e wasable to weave in the national anthem an'the a% in his plays3

G "e w#ote 'i#ete' an' playe' the lea' in

>ahapon ?%ayon at Bu:as3 "e wasa##este' 9 times an' sentene' to li5eimp#isonment3 "is sentene was late# on#e'ue' to 1! yea#s3

G "e also w#ote poems sho#t sto#iessa#swelas essays e'ito#ials in &al%alo%.panish an' Pampan%o

G "e 5ou%ht in Biol 'u#in% the 4il$Am wa#G &he la 'elve' on intense love o5 ount#

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>ahapon ?%ayon at Bu:as

Aurelio Tolentino

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G indi "o Patay (* a not &ead) by Juan atapan% C#uE was lose' onay F 190 at &eat#o ?euva Luna in

alabonG &he #e' sun on the >atipunan a%

that #ose behin' the sta%e ause'

the #iot insi'e the theate#G C#uE was a##este' an' late#

imp#isone' whih he se#ve' in 5ull3

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• ,eneral 0imeon 9las was the lastre(olutionary "eneral to surrender tot the

Americans on 0eptem!er )=' $36/%

• 9la too* the oath o alle"iance to theUnited 0tates% They surrendered to the

Americans to sa(e the people rom

!rutality and hun"er%

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The Colorums

• They were the remnants o HermanoPules Coradia de 0an 5ose

• ;urin" the American occupation' the termcolorum was used !y the authorities toreer to re!el or"aniations with mysticalcharacteristics%

• In Tarlac' the colorums worshipped 5osesRial and Apo Ipe 0al(ador

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• Pedro >a!ola 4 he ounded a secretsociety called >apisanan Ma*a!olaMa*arina" +$3)/.% They planned toassault the municipal !uildin" 0an 5ose'Nue(a Eci@a and e<ecute all the town

oicials' equally di(ide the land amon" themasses' and e<pel the Americans romthe country%

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• Pedro Calosa 4 he or"anied a colorum"roup in $3)3%

• He and his "roup marched in Tayu"'

Pan"asinan to spar* a re(olution% -ut hewas captured%

• He said that many o the colorum

mem!ers were tenants who were e@ected!y hacenderos or small armers depri(edo their lands !y land "ra!!ers

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The irst la!or "roups

• Isa!elo de los Reyes or"anied the irstla!or union' the Union de Lito"raos eImpresores de &ilipinas' in 5anuary $36)%

• Ater its oundin"' the mem!ers decided toreor"anie themsel(es into the Union9!erera ;emocratica' with its or"an La

Redencion del 9!rero

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• Lope >% 0antos !ecame the leader oU%9%;%

• May $' $36/ 4 La!or ;ay was irstoicially cele!rated in the country

• Con"reso 9!rero de &ilipinas appro(edthe resolutions demandin" ei"ht:hour

la!or day' child and women la!or laws'and an employers lia!ility law%

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• Ficente 0otto esta!lished Asam!lea9!rero which he used to support hiscandidacy

• 5oaquin -almori ounded the &ederaciondel Tra!aho to support the ;emocraticparty while Con"reso 9!rero del &ilipinas

!ac*ed the Nationalista Party candidates

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• Union n" Ma"sasa*a was ormed in $3$to i"ht the e(ils o tenancy and usury%

• Partido 9!rero de &ilipinas was ounded!y Crisanto E(an"elista' ;omin"o Ponce'and Cirilo -o"not in $3)1% Its platormshowed a stron" Mar<ist inluence%

Th C i t P t th

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The Communist Party o thePhilippines

• E(an"elista esta!lished the >atipunan n"m"a Ana*:pawis n" Pilipinas or >AP%

• >AP wanted unity amon" wor*ers' peasants

and the e<ploited masses% It ad(ocatedstru""le a"ainst America imperialism in thePhilippines' immediate and complete

independence o the country' unity amon"re(olutionary mo(ements all o(er the world'and an esta!lishment o a 0o(iet system inthe Philippines

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• Antonio 9ra was arrested and diedreportedly due to an accident while !ein"ta*en to prison% The CCP mem!ers were

s*eptical a!out it and they sta"ed ademonstration on 5anuary )=' $3/$%

• E(an"elista and other CCP leaders were

arrested and imprisoned%• The 0upreme Court declared the CCP an

ille"al or"aniation on 9cto!er )?' $3/)%

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.a:'al p#isin%

G &he .a:'alista (omin% 5#om the &a%alo% wo#'sa:'al meanin% Gto auseG) movement was5oun'e' in 190 by a #i%ht win% lea'e# Beni%no/amos a w#ite# an' 'isontente' 5o#me#%ove#nment le#:3 &he name o5 the movement wasbase' on Hmile Iolas 1F9F lette# #itiisin% the4#enh %ove#nment Jause3

G .a:'al be%an as a 5o#tni%htly populist tabloi' witha#tiles ta:lin% issues whih we#e o5 inte#est tothe Philippine masses8 o##uption an'mismana%ement un'e# the Ame#ian$sponso#e'?aionalista a'minist#ation imme'iate

in'epen'ene 5o# the Philippines an' the lan'

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.a:'al p#isin%

G Knvesti%ato#s onlu'e' that the motivebehin' the up#isin% was the wo#senin%eonomi on'ition

G &he elite bitte#ly #itiiEe' the up#isin% L

alle' its lea'e# (Beni%no /amos) an'i##esponsible an' #a5ty 'ema%o%ue3

G Colonial autho#ities an' me'ia 'es#ibe' the.a:'alistas astoni%hin%ly i%no#anteonomially helpless vitims o5 the loalaiMue an' the #emo#seless usu#e#s3

Nh t th b li i

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Nhat they believe in(.a:'al)

G &hey believe that the ount#ys ;o'$%iven#ihes was ont#olle' by the Catholi hu#h5o#ei%ne#s an' a 5ew #ih 4ilipinos3

G &hey see politiians la: o5 will to ahieve

in'epen'eneG &his tas: shoul' not be le5t to those who ha'

lost the ability to su@e# an' wo#: ha#' 5o#the sa:e o5 the ount#y3

G &hey a#e livin% eDamples o5 hono# bein%opp#esse' an' poo# an' possessin% pu#ehea#ts apable o5 humility ompassion an'

sa#i<e3

Nh t th b li i

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G &hey emulate the li5e o5 Jesus Ch#ist an' thehe#oes o5 1F96 #evolution pa#tiula#ly Jose/iEal3

G &hey onsi'e#e' thei# wo#: as a mission with

a heavy #oss to be bo#ne3G pon oupyin% the muniipal buil'in% they

'est#oye' the sta#s an' st#ipes the#e wasno lootin% o# bu#nin%3

G &hey on<sate' pistols an' issue' #eeiptthey 5e' the passen%e#s o5 the buses theystoppe'3

G &hey 'i' this beause o5 thei# belie5 that

Nh t th b li i

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G &hey want to show the wo#l' they a#e notaeptin% passively the te#ms o5 Ame#ianolonialism

G Politial an' eonomi 5#ee'om annot be

5ully #ealiEe' i5 thei# souls #emaine' subOetsto alien #ule3

G .a:'al up#isin% may be a 5ailu#e in the eyeso5 the outsi'e#s but to insi'e#s they we#eable to show the t#ue meanin% o5 bein%.a:'alistas8 to be hono#able thou%h poo# to:now how to sa#i<e an' to live an' 'iewith 'i%nity3

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G -n ay 2 19! 1!o peasants ma#he' tothe muniipal hall o5 .an Kl'e5onso Bulaan

an' haule' 'own the Ame#ian an'Philippine a%s an' #aise' the #e' .a:'ala%3

G &he peasants we#e no math to the

onstabula#y t#oops who supp#esse' theup#isin%s3 4i5ty seven peasants we#e :ille'hun'#e's we#e woun'e' an' othe#s we#eimp#isone'3

G Beni%no /amos who was in Japan 'enie' hisinvolvement on the ay 2 ini'ent3 anypeasants with'#ew thei# suppo#t 5o# /amos3

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C-?-KC P/-;/..?*/ A/KCA

Ame#ian eonomi

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Ame#ian eonomipoliy

G Kn the be%innin% Ame#ianpoliy was unsel<sh3 &hePhilippine Bill o5 1902 'ela#e'that all publi lan's an'

natu#al #esou#es we#e 5o#the bene<t o5 theinhabitants3&his p#o$4ilipino

poliy was #epeate' in the Jones Law o5 1916 an' &y'in%s$*u+e Law o5 19,3

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G .ome Ame#ian o+ials %avebette# t#eatment to Ame#ians

'oin% business o# wo#:in% inthe Philippines3G &he eonomy then was

'evelope' la#%ely byAme#ian an' p#o$Ame#ian4ilipinos3

ew p#ospe# ty o t e

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ew p#ospe# ty o t ePhilippines as a olony o5

Ame#iaG Population eDplosionG ?ew lan' poliy

13 4#ia# lan's we#e #esol' to 4ilipino5a#me#s23 "omestea' At (192,) allowe' 4ilipinos

to own up to 2, heta#es o5 publi lan'

3 All lan's ha' to be #e%iste#e' an' thei#owne#s %ot the &o##ens title3

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G A%#iultu#al in#easeKn 190 the Ame#ian Con%#ess

sent = eme#%eny 5un' toimpo#t #ie an' a#abao 5#om othe#Asian ount#y3

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G 4#ee t#a'e with Ame#ia

4 Philippine p#o'uts (op#a su%a# i%a#shemp et3) we#e sol' to the Ame#ianswhile Ame#ian p#o'uts (a#s #a'iosapplianes i%a#ettes et3) we#e bou%ht

by 4ilipinos

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4 n'e# the 5#ee t#a'e a%#eement4ilipino p#o'uts ente#e' the nite'

.tates without payin% ustomta#i@s3 &he#e was a limit o# Muota tothe amount o5 taD$5#ee 4ilipinop#o'uts3

4 Ame#ian p#o'uts oul' also ente#the Philippines without payin%ustom ta#i@s but they we#e notlimite' by Muotas3

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G Business boom #etail t#a'einsi'e the Philippines'ouble' 5#om 1907$19!34ilipinos ha' mo#e money tobuy 5oo' shoes lothes

#a'ios toys biyles an'even a#s3 "oweve# the4ilipinos li:e' to buy mo#e

impo#te' %oo's3

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G ?ew in'ust#ies &he Philippines ente#e'the Kn'ust#ial A%e (whih 5avo#e' the use

o5 mahines an' the mass p#o'ution o5%oo's in bi% 5ato#ies) 4 inin% an' <shin% beame bi%

in'ust#ies 4 "ousehol' otta%e in'ust#ies boome' 4 &he Ame#ians 'evelope' the oonut

an' hemp in'ust#ies an' they too: ove#

the su%a# an' tobao in'ust#ies3

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G Kmp#ovement in t#anspo#tation an'ommuniation &he 4ilipinos

enOoye' the automobile elet#ist#eet a# (t#anvia) #oa's an'#ail#oa's postal se#vies ai#plane

telephone wi#eless tele%#aph #a'ioan' movies3

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G Bette# bu'%et the Philippine bu'%etwas balane' even 'u#in% the ;#eatNo#l' *ep#ession in the 190s3 Kn

the 190s othe# %ove#nmentsinlu'in% the 3.3 itsel5 ha' hu%e'e<it an' p#oblems but the

Philippines olonial bu'%e ha' asu#plus3

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G ?ew ban:sG Knte#national eDhibitions

an' meetin%s

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onomi p#oblems

G Ne sol' ou# #aw mate#ialsheap an' bou%ht eDpensivemanu5atu#e' %oo's 5#om

Ame#ia3 Ne 'i' not 'evelopou# own in'ust#ies enou%hbeause we we#e spoile' by

the 5#ee t#a'e with Ame#ia3

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G Labo# an' peasant un#est sp#ea' inthe 1920s an' 190s3 any st#i:esin the ities an' violent #evolts in thep#ovines we#e ause' by #a'ial%#oups li:e the Communist Pa#ty o5the Philippines3

G Ame#ian apitalists an' businessmen

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pont#olle' the new ompanies3 .ome o5these Ame#ian businessmen ame to

the Philippines as sol'ie#s o#%ove#nment o+ials3 &hey use' thei#onnetions in the olonial %ove#nment

to beome millionai#es in a sho#t time34o# eDample by 19! Ame#ianompanies ont#olle' ! o5 the su%a#in'ust#y !R o5 hemp an' 60R o5op#a3 &hey also ont#olle' the utilities#ail#oa's shippin% #a'io an'newspape#s3

-u# Ame#ian

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-u# Ame#ianhe#ita%eG &he Bible an' #eli%ious

5#ee'omG &#ainin% in 'emo#ayG 4#ee e'uationG Bette# healthG n%lish lan%ua%eG 4#ee p#ess

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G *iet an' '#essG *emo#ati 5amily li5e an'

soial lassesG Nomens #i%htsG /e#eationG ovies an' vau'ivilleG usi an' 'ane

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G A#tG .ieneG Ame#ian bloo'

Third Repu!ic

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Third Repu!ic (Post-American Era) +$31?:$3).

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Challen"es o Third Repu!lic

Ater the war' the Commonwealthwas restored pendin" completeindependence% 7ith independencerom the U0 came theesta!lishment o the ThirdRepu!lic o the Philippines% The"o(ernment o the independent

Repu!lic was riddled with "ratand corruption and lost theconidence o the people% Thecorruption within the "o(ernmentalso resulted in the rise o the Letin the orm o the HUKBALAHAP or the Huks% The Hu*s presentede(en more pro!lems to theRepu!lic%

M"nue! Acun" R#$"s

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M"nue! Acun" R#$"s

Fi%th PresidentFirst President #% the Independent

Third Repu!ic #% the Phi!ippines

&'() * &'(+

He was inau"urated on 5uly 1'$31?' the day the U%0%"o(ernment "ranted political

independence to its colony%

Nacionalista +$3$34$31=.Li!eral Party +$31=4$312.

+May )2' $31? 4 April $=' $312.

“ If war should come, I am certain of

one thin!"ro#a#l$ the onl$ thin of

which I can #e certain!and it is this%

&hat America and the Phili""ines will

#e found on the same side, and American and 'ili"ino soldiers will

aain fiht side #$ side in the same

trenches or in the air or at sea in the

defense of ustice, freedom and other

"rinci"les which we #oth loed and

cherished*”

,i#-r"ph Achie/e0entst t hi t l th

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- p • was !orn in Capi +now Ro<as City.• studied law at UP and "raduated with

honors in $3$/%• he topped the -ar e<aminations in

$3$/'• was employed as pri(ate secretary to

Chie 5ustice Cayetano Arellano• tau"ht law in $3$=:$3$?%• started in politics when appointed as a

mem!er o the Capi municipalcouncil%

• In $3$3' he was elected as "o(ernor o

Capi%• elected as con"ressman in $3)) and

!ecame House 0pea*er • $3/=' he was chosen as a dele"ate to

the Constitutional Con(ention%• 0er(e also as 0ecretary o &inance

under ueons Administration•

elected as a senator in $31$ ande(entually !ecame 0enate President• he was also a reser(e Ma@or in the

Philippine Army' a liaison oicer andaide:to:camp to ,eneral ;ou"lasMacArthur' then later promoted toColonel and then -ri"adier ,eneral%

• "reatest achie(ements' namely# theratiication o the -ell Trade Act8 theinclusion o the Parity Amendment inthe Constitution8 and the si"nin" o the$31 Military -ases A"reement

•Reha!ilitation and reconstruction owar:ra(an"ed Philippines

• Impro(ement o the ruined economy• Adopted the pro:American policy%

Pr#!e0s

•,rat and corruption in the "o(ernment' ase(idenced !y the 0urplus o 7ar Property0candalB' Chinese Immi"ration uota 0candalB'0chool 0upplies 0candal#

•&ailure to chec* the Communist HU>mo(ement%

E! idi Ri 1 i i

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“ +hile I reconise the United tates as a

reat #uilder in this countr$, I hae neer

surrendered the soereint$, much less the

dinit$ and future of our countr$*”

J Elpidio uirinoK

+No(em!er $?' $236 4 &e!ruary)3' $3=?.

E!pidi# Ri/er" 1uirin#

Si$th PresidentSec#nd President #% the Third Repu!ic

&'(+ * &'23

0i"niicant E(ent•Two Asian heads o state (isited Philippines4President Chian" >ai:she* o Nationalist China+&ormosa. in 5uly $313 and President Achmed

0u*arno o Indonesia in 5anuary $3=$%•9n May )?:/6' $3=6' upon uirinos in(itationse(en ree Asian nations held the -a"uioConerence o $3=6 to discuss common pro!lemso Asian peace and security%•>orean 7ar and o(er '1=6 &ilipino soldiers weresent to >orea under the desi"nation o thePhilippine E<peditionary &orces to >orea or

PE&T9>

%

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino

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E"r! !i%e "nd c"reer • !orn in Fi"an' Ilocos 0ur to ;on

Mariano uirino o Caoayan and ;ona,re"oria Mendoa Ri(era o Arin"ay

• spent his early years in Arin"ay' La

Union%• spent his elementary education to his

nati(e' Caoayan' Ilocos 0ur and werehe !ecame a !arrio teacher%

• He recei(ed secondary education atFi"an Hi"h 0chool

• wor*ed as @unior computer in the

-ureau o Lands and as property cler*in the Manila police department%• "raduated rom Manila Hi"h 0chool in

$3$$ and also passed the ci(il ser(icee<amination' irst:"rade%

• attended the Uni(ersity o thePhilippines% In $3$=' he earned his lawde"ree rom the uni(ersitys Colle"e o

Law' and was admitted to the !ar laterthat year%• en"a"ed in the pri(ate practice o law

E"r! P#!itic"! C"reer •elected as mem!er o the Philippine Houseo Representati(es rom $3$3 to $3)='•0enator rom $3)= to $3/$•0ecretary o &inance and 0ecretary o the

Interior in the Commonwealth "o(ernment%•In $3/1' a mem!er o the PhilippineIndependence mission to 7ashin"ton ;%C%'headed !y Manuel L% ueon that securedthe passa"e in the United 0tates Con"resso the Tydin"s:Mc;uie Act%• Ater the war' uirino continued pu!lic

ser(ice' !ecomin" president pro tempore othe 0enate%•In $31?' he was elected irst (ice presidento the independent Repu!lic o thePhilippines' ser(in" under Manuel Ro<as%He also ser(ed as secretary o state%

Pr#!e0sT4# 0"in #5ecti/es #% his

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•Lac* o &unds•HU> Pro!lem# Terrorism and ;isruption o Peaceand order%•,rat and corruption in his "o(ernment' as

re(ealed in theTam!o!on":-uena(ista scandal' theImport Control Anomalies' the Caledonia Pile Messand the Te<t!oo* Rac*et8•7asteul spendin" o the peoples money ine<tra(a"ant @un*ets a!road8•&ailure o "o(ernment to chec* the Hu* menacewhich made tra(el in the pro(inces unsae' as

e(idenced !y the *illin" o ormer &irst Lady Auroraueon and her companions on April )$' $313 !ythe Hu*s on the -on"a!on":-aler road' -aler'Taya!as +no part o Aurora pro(ince.%•Economic distress o the times' a""ra(ated !yrisin" unemployment rate' soarin" prices o

commodities' and una(ora!le !alance o trade%uirinos (aunted Total Economic Mo!iliationPolicy ailed to "i(e economic relie to the suerin"nation%•&rauds and terrorism committed !y the Li!eralParty mo"uls in the $31' $313 and $3=$ elections%

T4# 0"in #5ecti/es #% his

"d0inistr"ti#n6

•the economic reconstruction othe nation

•the restoration o the aith andconidence o the people in the"o(ernment%

• Creation o PAC0A#Presidents ActionCommittee on 0ocial Amelioration

• Creation o ACC&A# A"ricultural CreditCooperati(es &inancin"

Administration• E<cellence in &orei"n

Relations%

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He was sworn into oice wearin" the -aron"Ta"alo"' a irst !y a Philippine president%

+Au"ust /$' $36 : March $' $3=.

R"0#n de! Fierr# M"-s"s"Se/enth President

Third President #% the Third Repu!ic&'23 * &'27

He is *nown as president o the masses%

&he office of the President is the hihest in the

land* It can #e the hum#lest also, if we reard it

. as we must . in the liht of #asic

democratic "rinci"les* &he first of these

"rinci"les is the declaration of the /onstitutionthat 0soereint$ resides in the "eo"le and all

oernment authorit$ emanates from them*0

&his sim"l$ means that all of us in "u#lic office

are #ut serants of the "eo"le*B

;urin" his term' he made MalacaOn" Palaceliterally a house o the people' openin" its

"ates to the pu!lic%

He was *illed in a plane crash !eorethe end o his term%

E"r! !i%e Achie/e0ents

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E"r! !i%e• !orn in I!a' am!ales on Au"ust

/$' $36 to E<equiel Ma"saysay'a !lac*smith' and Perecta del&ierro' a schoolteacher%

•

He entered the Uni(ersity o thePhilippines in $3)%• He wor*ed as a chaueur to

support himsel as he studieden"ineerin"8 later

• transerred to the Institute oCommerce at 5ose Rial Colle"e+$3)2:$3/).' where he recei(ed a

!accalaureate in commerce%• He then wor*ed as automo!ilemechanic and shopsuperintendent%

• he @oined the motor pool o the/$st Inantry ;i(ision o thePhilippine army durin" 77)%

• Con"ressman under Pres Ro<as

Administration and ser(e asChairman o the House National;eense Committee

• 0ecretary o National ;eensedurin" Pres uirinos

Administration

•A-r"ri"n Re%#r0esta!lished the National Resettlement andReha!ilitation Administration +NARRA. toresettle dissidents and landless armers% It

was particularly aimed at re!el returneespro(idin" home lots and armlands inPalawan and Mindanao%•0a(ior o democracy in the Philippines•Man o the Masses•0topped the HU> communist re!ellion•Impro(ed the conditions o the !arrios•Constructed roads' !rid"es' irri"ationcanals•Esta!lished the 0EAT9# 0outheast AsiaTreaty 9r"aniation•Imposed hi"h moral standard or pu!licoicials

Pr#!e0s•Impendin" pro@ects•Lac* o enou"h unds•,rat and corruption

C"r!#s P#!istic# G"rci"

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C"r!#s P#!istic# G"rci"Ei-ht President F#urthPresident #% the Third Repu!ic

&'27 * &')&

*nown or his &ilipino &irst policy'which put the interests o the &ilipinopeople a!o(e those o orei"ners and

o the rulin" party%

was a &ilipino teacher' poet' orator'lawyer' pu!lic oicial' and "uerrillaleader%

+No(em!er 1' $23? 4 5une $1' $3$.

As a "eo"le, we "ri1e hihl$ the moral

and s"iritual alues of life* But the

realities of the moment hae made us

more "reoccu"ied with economic

"ro#lems chiefl$ concernin the materialalues of national life*2

E"r! Li%e• !orn in Tali!on -ohol to Policronio ,arcQa

Si-ni%ic"nt e/ents in their ter06• He assumed the presidency the day ater

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talibon,_Bohol


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!orn in Tali!on' -ohol to Policronio ,arcQaand Am!rosia Polestico

• his ather ser(in" as a municipal mayor orour terms%

• primary education in Tali!on'• secondary education in Ce!u Pro(incial

Hi"h 0chool%• too* law courses at 0illiman Uni(ersity in

;uma"uete City%• studied in Philippine Law 0chool +now

Philippine Colle"e o Criminolo"y. andearned his de"ree in $3)/% He was amon"the top ten in the !ar e<amination%

• he wor*ed as a teacher or two years at-ohol Pro(incial Hi"h 0chool%

• !ecame amous or his poetry in -ohol'where he earned the nic*name Prince oFisayan Poets and the -ard rom -ohol%

• $3)=:$3/$ as Con"ressman o Third ;istricto -ohol

• $3/$:$31? "o(ernor o -ohol% He ser(ed aspro(incial "o(ernor or two terms%

• He !ecame a mem!er o the con"ress in

$31?' and was elected three times to thesenate or three consecuti(e terms rom$31$ to $3=/%

• ,arcia was the runnin" mate o RamonMa"saysay in the presidential election o$3=/%

• He was appointed 0ecretary o &orei"n Aairs !y President Ramon Ma"saysay' orour years concurrently ser(in" as (ice:

president%

He assumed the presidency the day aterRamon Ma"saysays death% Ater ,arciainished Ma"saysays term' he was electedpresident in his own ri"ht%

• President ,arcia is most remem!ered mostor his Austerity Pr#-r"0 "nd Fi!ipin# First

P#!ic% His Austerity Pro"ram was aimed atcurin- -r"%t "nd c#rrupti#n within the"o(ernment%

• Pro!lems durin" his Presidency#• Althou"h it was not (ery successul' it did

help to restore trust !etween the people andthe "o(ernment%

• He was amon" the ounders o the Association or 0outheast Asia +$3?/.

• He was the precursor o the Association or0outheast Asian Nations +A0EAN.%

Successes #% e"ch President "%ter their



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Successes #% e"ch President "%ter theirter06

• The &ilipino &irst Policy put the ri"htso &ilipinos a!o(e those o orei"ners+This a(ored the &ilipino !usinessmen

in contrast to orei"n in(estors% Thismeant' orei"ners could in(est capitalup to 16 in a !usiness or industrywhile the remainin" ?6 would !eowned !y &ilipino citiens%.

• ,arcias policies aimed at !oostin" theeconomy and o!tainin" "reater

economic independence% ,arcia alsoaimed at re(i(in" old &ilipino culturaltraditions which mi"ht ha(e !ecomee<tinct as the result o the adoption o0panish and American culturesthrou"h coloniation%

Pr#!e0s•,rat and corruption•Lac* o treasury unds•Hu"e national de!t

•Impendin" pro@ects

,arcia ran or president a"ain in the$3?$ elections !ut lost to Fice:President

;iosdado Macapa"al% 9n 5une $' $3$',arcia was elected dele"ate o the $3$Constitutional Con(ention and chosen aspresident% He died two wee*s later roma heart attac*%

Di#sd"d# P"n-"n M"c"p"-"!

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Di#sd"d# P"n-"n M"c"p"-"!Ninth President

Fi%th President #% the Third Repu!ic

&')& * &')2

The Incorrupti!le

Poor !oy rom Lu!ao

3ur first mission is the solution of the

"ro#lem of corru"tion* +e assume

leadershi" at a time when our nation is

in the throes of a moral deeneration

un"recedented in our national histor$*B

+0eptem!er )2' $3$6 4 April )$' $33.;iosdado Macapa"al is o royal !lood due todescent rom their "reat:"reat:"randather#;on 5uan Macapa"al +A prince o Tondo. whowas a "reat:"randson o the last rei"nin"Ra@ah o 0eluron"' Ra@ah La*andula%

E"r! Li%e• !orn on 0eptem!er )2 $3$6 in

P#!itic"! C"reer •l l i t t t P id t M l L d

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• !orn on 0eptem!er )2' $3$6 inLu!ao' Pampan"a

• "raduatin" (aledictorian at Lu!aoElementary 0chool' and salutatorianat Pampan"a Hi"h 0chool%

• He inished his pre:law course at theUni(ersity o the Philippines' thenenrolled at Philippine Law 0chool in$3/)' studyin" on a scholarship andsupportin" himsel with a part:time

@o! as an accountant%• toppin" the $3/? !ar e<amination

with a score o 23%3=• Ater passin" the !ar e<amination'

Macapa"al was in(ited to @oin an American law irm as a practicin"attourney' a particular honor or a&ilipino at the time%K

• Master o Laws de"ree in $31$' a;octor o Ci(il Law de"ree in $31'and a Ph%;% in Economics in $3=%

•le"al assistant to President Manuel L% ueon andPresident 5ose P% Laurel in Malacaan" Palace%• Ater the war' Macapa"al wor*ed as an assistantattorney with the one o the lar"est law irms in thecountry' 4oss, Lawrence, el"h and /arrascoso%

•President Manuel Ro<as appointed him to the;epartment o &orei"n Aairs as the head o its le"aldi(ision%•In $312' President Elpidio uirino appointedMacapa"al as chie ne"otiator in the successultranser o the Turtle Islands in the 0ulu 0ea rom theUnited >in"dom to the Philippines%•

That same year' he was assi"ned as second secretaryto the Philippine Em!assy in 7ashin"ton' ;%C% In $313'he was ele(ated to the position o Counselor on Le"al

Aairs and Treaties' at the time the ourth hi"hest postin the Philippine &orei"n 9ice%•He irst won election in $313 to the House oRepresentati(es'representin" a district in his homepro(ince o Pampan"a%

•In $3= he !ecame (ice president in theadministration o President Carlos P% ,arcia

Presidenc•;urin" his term' Macapa"al ou"ht to suppress "rat Pro!lems

•Acute pro!lem in unemployment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal

7/17/2019 jihbb


and corruption within the "o(ernment and also ta<e(asion%•He also aimed to stimulate the economy and placedthe peso in the ree currency:e<chan"e mar*et'encoura"in" the wealthiest amilies to in(est%•Macapa"al also passed the L"nd Re%#r0 ,i!! whichreed many armers rom sla(ery as tenant armers%• Another o his achie(ements was the ormin" oM"phi!ind# +Malaysia' the Philippines andIndonesia. throu"h a orei"n policy% This pa(ed theway or the creation o the Association o 0outheast

Asian Nations +A0EAN.%

•It was Macapa"al who chan"ed the Independence;ay to 5une $) rom 5uly 1%The irst cele!rationscommemoratin" independence rom 0pain were heldin $3?)%• Amon" the most si"niicant achie(ements oMacapa"al as president were the a!olition o tenancyand accompanyin" land reorm pro"ram in the

A"ricultural Land Reorm Code o $3?/%•In $3$' he was elected president o theconstitutional con(ention that drated what !ecame

the $3/ constitution%

• Acute pro!lem in unemployment•7idespread mass po(erty•,rat and corruption pro!lem•Lac* o treasury unds

a num!er his reorms were !loc*ed!y the Nacionalista dominated 0enateand House o Representati(es%

Ferdin"nd E00"nue!

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Edr"!in M"rc#sTenth President

Si$th President #% the Third Repu!ic

&')2*&'+)

•+0eptem!er $$' $3$ 4 0eptem!er )2'$323.

&his nation can #e reat aain* &his I hae

said oer and oer* It is m$ articles of faith,

and 5iine Proidence has willed that $ou and

I can now translate this faith into deeds*2

in $313' he said#

Elect me $our conressman now and I6ll

ie $ou an Ilokano President in 78

$ears*2

It is "enerally *nown that Marcos had the most inrastructure andconstitutional accomplishments' which were equi(alent to those o allormer presidents o the Philippines%

E"r! !i%e "nd c"reer • !orn on 0eptem!er $$' $3$' in

P!"ns %#r ec#n#0ic de/e!#p0ent

"nd -##d -#/ern0ent8

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p ' '0arrat' Ilocos Norte

• named ater &erdinand FII o0pain and !aptied into thePhilippine Independent Church%

• a champion de!ater at the

UP8also participated in !o<in"'swimmin" and wrestlin"%• $3/3:cum laude with a law de"ree

rom the U%P% Colle"e o Law8 waselected to the Pi ,amma Muinternational honor society%

• passed the !ar e<amination withone o the hi"hest scores inhistory' while also writin" an 266:

pa"e deense%• $31$:ser(e as part o military

a"ainst 5apanese and !ecameone o the (ictim o -ataan ;eathMarch

E"r! p#!itic"! c"reer •Con"ressman or / terms•0enator8 ser(ed as minority loor leader!eore "ainin" the 0enate presidency%•esta!lished a record or ha(in"introduced a num!er o si"niicant !ills'many o which ound their way into therepu!lics statute !oo*s

"nd -##d -#/ern0ent8

Achie/e0ents

First ter0 9&')2*&')':•immediate construction o roads' !rid"es and

pu!lic wor*s' which included $?'666 *ilometers oeeder roads' some /6'666 lineal meters opermanent !rid"es'•a "enerator with an electric power capacity oone million *ilowatts +$'666'666 *7.'•water ser(ices to ei"ht re"ions and /2 localities%• re(italiation o the @udiciary' the nationaldeense posture and the i"ht a"ainst smu""lin"'

criminality' and "rat and corruption in the"o(ernment%•mo!ilied the manpower and resources o the

Armed &orces o the Philippines +A&P. or actionto complement ci(ilian a"encies•hired technocrats and hi"hly educated personsto orm part o the ca!inet and•

It was durin" his irst term that the North;i(ersion Road +now' North Luon E<pressway.was constructed with the help o the A&Pen"ineerin" construction !attalion%

•Fietnam 7ar8 o(er $6'1=6 &ilipino soldiers weresent to 0outh Fietnam under the desi"nation oPHLCAA, or Philippines Ci(il Aairs Assistance,roup%

Sec#nd Ter0 &')'*&'7;• reelected !ecause o his impressi(e perormance

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p p• In $3?3' the Philippines e<perienced hi"her inlation rate and de(aluation o the Philippine peso%• the oil:producin" Ara! countries decided to cut !ac* oil production' in response to 7estern

military aid to Israel in the Ara!:Israeli conlict' resultin" in hi"her uel prices worldwide%• The communal (iolence in Mindanao resulted in $66'666 reu"ees' !urnin" o hundred o

homes' and the death o hundreds o Christians and Muslims in Cota!ato and Lanao%

• an economic crisis !rou"ht !y e<ternal and internal orces' a resti(e and radicalied studentrydemandin" reorms in the educational system' a risin" tide o criminality' su!(ersion !y the re:or"anied Communist mo(ement' and secession in the south%

• 9n Au"ust )$' $3$' ollowin" the !om!in" o the Li!eral Party proclamation rally in PlaaMiranda' President Marcos issued Proclamation No%223 suspendin" the pri(ile"e o the writ oha!eas corpus%

M"rti"! !"4 "nd the Ne4 S#ciet<It is easier "erha"s and more comforta#le to look #ack to the solace of a familiar and mediocre "ast*

But the times are too rae and the stakes too hih for us to "ermit the customar$ concessions to

traditional democratic "rocesses*=

J &erdinand Marcos' 5anuary $3/

•Marcos declared martial law on 0eptem!er )$' $3)' !y (irtue o Proclamation No% $62$% Marcos'rulin" !y decree' curtailed press reedom and other ci(il li!erties' closed down Con"ress and mediaesta!lishments' and ordered the arrest o opposition leaders and militant acti(ists

•c#nstituti#n"! c#n/enti#n in $36 to replace the colonial $3/= Constitution%The new constitutionwent into eect in early $3/' chan"in" the orm o "o(ernment rom presidential to parliamentary andallowin" Marcos to stay in power !eyond $3/%

Third Ter0 9&'+&*&'+):

<F th R !i =D#4n%"!!

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<F#urth Repu!ic=<+e loe $our adherence to democratic "rinci"les and to

the democratic "rocess, and we will not leae $ouin isolation*=

JU%0% FP ,eor"e H% 7% -ush durin"&erdinand Marcos inau"uration' 5uly $32$

• 5une $?' $32$' si< months ater the litin" o martiallaw' the irst presidential election in twel(e yearswas held% As to !e e<pected' President Marcos ranand won a massi(e (ictory o(er the othercandidates

• In $32/' -eni"no Aquino' 5r% was assassinated atthe Manila International Airport upon his return tothe Philippines ater a lon" period o e<ile% Thiscoalesced popular dissatisaction with Marcos and

!e"an a succession o e(ents' includin" pressurerom the United 0tates%• The Philippine economy suered a "reat decline

ater the Aquino assassination in Au"ust $32/%• The political trou!les also hindered the entry o

orei"n in(estments' and orei"n !an*s stopped"rantin" loans to the Philippine "o(ernment%

• the economy e<perienced ne"ati(e economic"rowth !e"innin" in $321 and continued to declinedespite the "o(ernments reco(ery eorts%

•rampant "rat and corruption within the "o(ernmentand !y Marcos lac* o credi!ility%

• Marcos himsel di(erted lar"e sums o "o(ernmentmoney to his partys campai"n unds%

• The unemployment rate !allooned rom ?%/6 in$3) to $)%== in $32=%

• rampant corruption• political mismana"ement !y his relati(es

and cronies• ha(in" looted !illions o dollars rom the

&ilipino treasury• notorious nepotist' appointin" amily

mem!ers and close riends to hi"h positionsin his ca!ine

• The Philippine "o(ernment today is stillpayin" interests on more than U0S)2 !illionpu!lic de!ts incurred durin" hisadministration%

• Marcoss health deteriorated rapidly due to*idney ailments

• Marcos called a snap presidential electionor $32?' with more than a year let in histerm%

• the inal tally o the National Mo(ement or&ree Elections' an accredited poll watcher'showed Aquino winnin" !y almost 266'666(otes% Howe(er' the "o(ernment tallyshowed Marcos winnin" !y almost $%?million (otes%

• Popular sentiment in Metro Manila sidedwith Aquino' leadin" to a massi(e'multisectoral con"re"ation o protesters'and the "radual deection o the military to

Aquino led !y Marcos cronies' Enrile andRamos%

• The People Power mo(ement dro(eMarcos into e<ile' and installed Coraon

Aquino as the new president%

FI% Ener"y 0el:RelianceIndi"enous ener"y sources were de(eloped li*e hydro'"eothermal' dendrothermal' coal' !io"as and !iomass%Le-"c

I% &ood suiciency

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FII% E<port ;e(elopment;urin" $32= te<tile and te<tile products were e<ported

FIII% La!or ReormThe La!or code was promul"ated which e<panded the

concerns o the Ma"na Carta o La!or to e<tend "reaterprotection to la!or' promote employment' and human resourcede(elopment%

I% Unprecedented Inrastructure ,rowthThe countrys road networ* had impro(ed rom =='2*ilometers in $3?= to '3=6 in i(e years +$36.' ande(entually reached $?$'666 *ilometers in $32=%

% Political ReormThe structure o "o(ernment esta!lished !y President Marcosremains su!stantially the same e<cept the chan"e o name'inclusi(e o supericial eatures in laws' to "i(e a sem!lance ochan"e rom that o President Marcos re"ime%

I% &iscal Reorm,o(ernment inances were sta!ilied !y hi"her re(enuecollections and loans rom treasury !onds' orei"n lendin"institutions and orei"n "o(ernments%

II% Peace and 9rder In $3??' more than $66 important smu""lers were arrested8 inthree years $3??:?2 they arrested a total o ='666% Military menin(ol(ed in smu""lin" were orced to retire% Peace and ordersi"niicantly impro(ed in most pro(inces howe(er situations inManila and some pro(inces continued to deteriorate until the

imposition o martial law in $3)%

I% &ood suiciency A% ,reen Re(olutionProduction o rice was increased throu"h promotin"the culti(ation o IR:2 hy!rid rice%-% -lue Re(olutionMarine species li*e prawn' mullet' mil*ish' and"olden tilapia were !ein" produced and distri!uted

to armers at a minimum cost%• C% Li!eralied CreditMore than one thousand rural !an*s spread all o(erthe country resultin" to the accessi!ility o credit toinance purchase o a"ricultural inputs' hired la!or'and har(estin" e<penses at (ery low interest rate%

• ;% ;econtrol Pro"ramPrice control polices were implemented on rice andcorn to pro(ide "reater incenti(e to armers toproduce more%

II% Education ReormThe literacy rate clim!ed rom ) in $3?= to 3/in $32= and almost $66 in Metro Manila on thesame year%

III% A"rarian ReormTenants Emancipation Act o $3) or P; ) wasthe irst Land Reorm Code o our country%

IF% Primary Health Care

The Primary Health Care +PHC. Pro"ram mademedical care accessi!le to millions o &ilipinos inthe remotest !arrios o the country%

F% Housin" or the masses-a"on" Lipunan Impro(ement o 0ites and0er(ices +-LI00. Housin" pro@ect had e<pandedthe "o(ernments housin" pro"ram or the low:income "roup%

M"ri" C#r">#n ?C#r? Su0u!#n-

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M"ri" C#r">#n C#r Su0u!#n-

C#5u"n-c# A@uin#

+5anuary )=' $3// 4 Au"ust $' )663.

E!e/enth President #% the Phi!ippinesFirst Fe0"!e PresidentFirst President #% Fi%th Repu!ic&'+)*&'';

First e!ected %e0"!e he"d #% st"te in Asi"

,est re0e0ered %#r !e"din- the &'+) EDSA

Pe#p!e P#4er Re/#!uti#n 4hich t#pp!ed the

"uth#rit"ri"n re-i0e #% the !"te str#n-0"n

Ferdin"nd M"rc#s "nd rest#red de0#cr"c in

the Phi!ippines

<Ic#n #% De0#cr"c=

EDUCATION

E!e0ent"r "nd Sec#nd"rG 0t 0cholasticas Colle"e •!orn on 5anuary )=' $3// to 5ose Co@uan"co o

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G 0t% 0cholastica s Colle"eG Ra(enhill Academy inPhiladelphia' United 0tatesG Notre ;ame Con(ent 0chool inNew or*

C#!!e-eG -achelor o Arts' Colle"e oMount 0aint Fincent in New or*+$3=/.G ;octor o Humanities' honoriscausa' Colle"e o Mount 0aintFincent' New or*' Ateneo deManila Uni(ersity' a(ier

Uni(ersity +Philippines.G ;octor o Humanities' honoriscausa' Uni(ersity o -oston'&ordham Uni(ersity' 7asedaUni(ersity +To*yo.' &ar EasternUni(ersity' and Uni(ersity o 0to%TomasG Honoris Causa' 0tonehill Colle"e+Massachusetts.

y ' @ "Tarlac' a wealthy Chinese &ilipino and ;emetria0umulon" o Antipolo' Rial' an ethnic &ilipina who!elon"s to a politically inluential clan

•Married to late 0en% -eni"no NinoyB Aquino

•The couple produced i(e osprin"s' our "irls andone !oy' namely# Maria Elena +-allsy.' AuroraCoraon+Pin*y.' -eni"no 0imeon III +NoyNoy.'Fictoria Elia +Fiel. and >ristina -ernadette +>ris.

•;eclared hersel as a plain housewie

•Led the $32? People Power Re(olution

•Esta!lished Presidential Commission on ,ood,o(ernment +PC,,. durin" her presidency

•issued Proclamation No% /' which esta!lished are(olutionary "o(ernment

•&amily Code o $32' Administrati(e Code o $32+reor"anied the structure o the e<ecuti(e !ranch

o "o(ernment .' $33$ Local ,o(ernment Code•Economic Mana"ement and A"rarian Reorm asher top a"enda as president

• IMPORTANT NOTES IN HISTORBA d t id t i t M i th

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:A"reed to run or president a"ainst Marcos in the&e!ruary ' $32? 0nap Election ater hersupporters "athered a million si"natures%:Installed as the President o the Repu!lic o thePhilippines on &e!ruary )=' $32? !ecause o thehistoric Peoples Power which stripped Marcos o

power%:Too* oath under 0upreme Court 5ustice ClaudioTeehan*ee as President o the Philippines at Clu!&ilipino%:Implemented a pro"ram o reconciliation and reedpolitical prisoners li*e -erna!e -uscayno o theNew Peoples Army and 5ose Maria 0ison o theCommunist Party o the Philippines%:Retained the presidential orm o "o(ernment%:Under her rei"n'a national ple!iscite was held toratiy the amendments to the $3/= Constitution on&e!ruary )' $32'Named 7oman o the ear !y Time Ma"aine%:Awarded the ,awad Eleanor Roose(elt or HumanRi"hts:Her popularity waned !ecause o the peoplearound her who wanted to e<act (en"eance onMarcos%:0i< coup d etat aimed at o(erthrowin" her"o(ernment too* place durin" her rei"n' the two!loodiest o which too* place in $32 and $323%

:The country went throu"h "reat pro!lems andcalamities durin" her rei"n li*e the earthqua*e o'5uly $?' $3368 Typhoon Ruin" and increase in theprice o oil due to the Middle East 7ar andthe eruption o Mount Pinatu!o in $33$%

• A4"rds "nd "chie/e0ents• $32? Time Ma"aine 7oman o the ear• $32? Eleanor Roose(elt Human Ri"hts Award

Pr#!e0s "s President

N t l di t d l iti

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"• $32? United Nations 0il(er Medal• $32? Canadian International Prie or &reedom• $32? No!el Peace Prie nominee• $32? International ;emocracy Award rom the

International Association o Political Consultants

• $32 Prie &or &reedom Award rom Li!eralInternational• $33/ 0pecial Peace Award rom the Aurora Ara"on

ueon Peace Awards &oundation and Concerned7omen o the Philippines

• $331 9ne o 988 +omen +ho ha"ed +orldHistor$ +!y ,%M% Rol*a' -luewood -oo*s' 0an&rancisco' CA.

• $33= Path to Peace Award• $33? 5% 7illiam &ul!ri"ht Prie or International

Understandin" rom the U%0% ;epartment o 0tate• $332 Ramon Ma"saysay Award or InternationalUnderstandin"

• $332 Pearl 0% -uc* Award• $333 9ne o Time Ma"aines )6 Most Inluential

Asians o the )6th Century• )66$ 7orld Citienship Award• )66= ;a(id Roc*eeller -rid"in" Leadership

Awards• )66= 9ne o the +orld:s Elite +omen +ho ;ake a

5ifference !y the International 7omens &orum Hallo &ame• )66? 9ne o Time Ma"aines ?= Asian Heroes• )662 9ne o A ;ierent Fiews $= Champions o

7orld ;emocracy• E7C Asia Paciic Community -uildin" Award• 7omens International Center International

Leadership Li(in" Le"acy Award• Martin Luther >in" 5r% Non(iolent Peace Prie• United Nations ;e(elopment &und or 7omen Noel

Award or Political Leadership

•Natural disasters and calamities

•nine coup attempts a"ainst heradministration

•"rat and corruption•ailure o the land reorm

•risin" prices

•inadequate essential pu!lic ser(ice

•economic decline

Fide! "!de> R"0#sT4e!%th President

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T4e!%th President

Third President #% the Fi%th Repu!ic

Phi!ippines ;Fi/e*P#int Pr#-r"06

•Peace and 0ta!ility•Economic ,rowth and 0ustaina!le;e(elopment•Ener"y and Power ,eneration•En(ironmental Protection•0treamlined -ureaucracy

&here are no eas$ tasks, no softcomforts for those chosen #$

circumstances to fore from the

cruci#le of crisis the national destin$*2

&irst Protestant President o the country

9nly &ilipino oicer in history to ha(e held e(ery ran* in the Philippine military rom

0econd Lieutenant to Commander:in:Chie

E"r! Li%e•!orn March $2' $3)2 in Lin"ayen' Pan"asinan •instrumental in oundin" the Philippine Army

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' " y ' "

• He too* his elementary education in Lin"ayen andsecondary education at the Uni(ersity o the PhilippinesInte"rated 0chool and Centro Escolar Uni(ersityInte"rated 0chool

•Philippine Military Academy as cadet and won a"o(ernment scholarship to the United 0tates Military

Academy in 7est Point

• Masters ;e"ree in Ci(il En"ineerin" in the Uni(ersityo Illinois at Ur!ana:Champai"n' where he was a"o(ernment scholar in $3=$

• licensed ci(il en"ineer in the Philippines' passin" the!oard e<ams in $3=/ and inishin" in the top $6%

•In $3?6' he topped 0pecial &orces:Psy 9perations: Air!orne course at the United 0tates Army Inantry0chool at &ort -ra""' North Carolina

•Masters ;e"ree in National 0ecurity Administrationrom the National ;eense Colle"e o the Philippinesand a Masters in -usiness Administration +M-A. romthe Ateneo de Manila Uni(ersity

•)nd Lieutenant inantry platoon leader in the PhilippineE<peditionary &orces to >orea +PE&T9>. in $3=) durin"the >orean 7ar to Chie o 0ta o the Philippine Ci(il

Action ,roup to Fietnam rom $3?? to $3?2

0pecial &orces' an elite paratroop unit s*illedin community de(elopment as well as i"htin"communist insur"ents%

•ser(ed the Marcos re"ime or more than )6

years% He was head o the PhilippineConsta!ulary' the countrys national policeorce' and was one o Marcos trustedad(isers' or which he was *nown as amem!er o the Role< $)' an elite "roup oloyal to Marcos himsel

•Chie o 0ta o the Armed &orces o the

Philippines' and later 0ecretary o National;eense under Pres% Aquino

Pr#-r"0sP#4er crisis* Ramos issued licenses to independent power producers +IPP. to construct power plants

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Pr#!e0s• ,rat and Corruption

pro!lems• Economic Pro!lems• Hi"h crime rate• Charter chan"e

• Clar* Centennial E<po0candal• PEA:Amari 0candal• Power crisis• 0pratly Islands• Asian &inancial Crisis

Achie/e0ents•Philippine )666

•0outhern Philippines Council or Peaceand ;e(elopment

• ARMM

•Peace A"reement with the MNL&

•Increased orei"n in(estments

• APEC

p p p + . p pwithin )1 monthsEc#n#0ic re%#r0s* +E:FAT law. rom 1 to $6 mandated !y 7orld -an* and the InternationalMonetary &und8 Philippines )666De"th pen"!t: In $33? Ramos si"ned a !ill that returned capital punishment with the electric chair

Pe"ce 4ith sep"r"tists* he si"ned into law Repu!lic Act ?/?' which repealed the Anti:0u!(ersion Law%7ith its repeal' mem!ership in the once:outlawed Communist Party o the Philippines !ecame le"alSpr"t! Is!"nds* startin" to claim the Islands rom ChinaMi-r"nt W#rers Pr#tecti#n* enactment o Repu!lic Act 261)' !etter *nown as the Ma"na Carta or9(erseas 7or*ers or the Mi"rant 7or*ers Act

#seph E5ercit# Estr"d"

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Thirteenth President

Third President #% Fi%th Repu!ic&''+*;&

“ 3ne hundred $ears after Kawit, fift$ $ears after

inde"endence, twele $ears after E5A, and

seen $ears after the reection of forein #ases, it

is now the turn of the masses to e<"erience

li#eration* +e stand in the shadow of those who

fouht to make us free- free from forein

domination, free from domestic t$rann$, free from

su"er"ower dictation, free from economic

#ackwardness*”

,ained popularity as a ilm actor' playin"the lead role in o(er $66 ilms in an actin"career spannin" // years

Early Lie •entered politics in $3? when he ran or 0 5 i i lit M t

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•5oseph Marcelo E@ercito' popularly*nown as Erap' was !orn on April $3'$3/ in Tondo' the poorest district o

Manila• Ateneo de Manila Uni(ersity: hi"hschool8e<peled !ecause o unruly!eha(ior

•MapVa Institute o Technolo"y8en"ineerin" course' !ut dropped out

rom studies alto"ether two yearslater%

•-e"an in &ilm at )6 years o a"e

•irst &AMA0 Hall o &ame awardee or

-est Actor +$32$.

•Hall o &ame award:winner as aproducer +$32/.

mayor o 0an 5uan' a municipality o MetroManila !ut proclaimed mayor in $3?3' aterwinnin" an electoral protest a"ainst ;r%-raulio 0to% ;omin"o%

•0enator8 chairman o the senate committeeon cultural minorities and passed a !ill oncommission on ancestral domain%

•sponsored !ills that were si"ned into law'namely' The Preser(ation o the Cara!ao+Repu!lic Act no% /6.The Construction oIrri"ation Pro@ects +Repu!lic Act no% ?32.•Fice:President8 chairman o the Presidential

Anti:Crime Commission +PACC.% Estradaarrested criminal warlords and *idnappin"

syndicates%

Pr#-r"0sD#0estic P#!icies •A-r"ri"n Re%#r0

The administration distri!uted more than )?? 666 hectares o land to

Achie/e0ents

Erap para sa Mahirap Pro@ectB

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The administration distri!uted more than )??'666 hectares o land to$='666 landless armers' includin" land owned !y the traditional rural elite%+Total o =)/'666 hectares to /6='666 armers durin" his )nd year asPresident. •Anti*Cri0e T"s F#rces

E<ecuti(e 9rder No%28creation o the Presidential Anti:9r"aniedCrime Tas* &orce +PA9CT&. with the o!@ecti(e o minimiin"' i not totallyeradicatin"' car thet and worsenin" *idnappin" cases in the country•Ch"rter Ch"n-e

C9NC9R; or Constitutional Correction or ;e(elopment8 wouldonly amend the restricti(e economic pro(isions o the constitution that isconsidered as impedin" the entry o more orei"n in(estments in thePhilippines%•Intern"ti#n"! Re!"ti#ns

stren"thened !ilateral ties with nei"h!orin" countries8 Fisitin" &orces

A"reement with the United 0tates' which was ratiied in the 0enate•Ec#n#0 The Estrada administration is said to ha(e a stron" economicteam

•W"r "-"inst the MILF In )666 he declared an all:out:war a"ainst the Moro Islamic

Li!eration &ront and captured its headquarters and other camps

Pr#!e0s

•The Phi!ippine D"i! In@uirer i"s

0"!ice "nd %"ric"ti#n? "-"inst hi0

•The M"ni!" Ti0es !ie! suit "-"inst

the c#untrs #!dest ne4sp"per the

Manila Times #/er " st#r th"t "!!e-ed

c#rrupti#n in the "4"rdin- #% " pu!ic4#rs pr#5ect

•,W Res#urces ,W Res#urces "

s0"!! -"0in- c#0p"n !isted #n the

Phi!ippine St#c E$ch"n-e "nd !ined

t# pe#p!e c!#se t# Estr"d"

e$perienced ?" 0ete#ric rise?

•C#rrupti#n ch"r-es "ndi0pe"ch0ent "!!e-"ti#ns #%

c#rrupti#n sp"4ned "n i0pe"ch0ent

tri"! in the Sen"te "nd in ;&

Estr"d" 4"s #usted %r#0 p#4er "%ter

the tri"! 4"s "#rted.

p p p @

M"ri" G!#ri" M"c"p"-"! Arr##F#urteenth President

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F#urteenth President

F#urth President #% the Fi%th Repu!ic

Sec#nd Fe0"!e President

;&* Present

I #eliee in leadershi" #$ e<am"le* +e

should "romote solid traits such as work

ethic and a dinified lifest$le, matchinaction to rhetoric, "erformin rather than

randstandin*2

-io"raphy• -orn on April =' $318 ;au"hter o ormer

Pres ;iosdado Macapa"al and E(a

As 0enator

•Ran*ed as $/th and has / year term $33)

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Pres% ;iosdado Macapa"al and E(aMacarae"

• Faledictorian' Elementary and Hi"hschool at Assumption Con(ent' $3?1

• Ma"na Cum Laude' -A Economics at

Assumption Colle"e' $3?2• Consistent ;eans List' ,eor"etown Uni(%s

7alsh 0chool o &orei"hn 0(c in 7ashin"ton;%C% +&ormer U0 Pres -ill Clinton asclassmate.

• Proessor o Economics $3:$32• Masters ;e"ree in Economics A;MU $32• ;octorate ;e"ree in Economics UP $32=• Chairperson o Economics ;ept% at

Assumption Colle"e• $32' Asst% 0ec o ;TI

Ran*ed as $/ and has / year term' $33)

•Top in the election' $33=

•166 !ills' == sponsored or authored laws + Anti:se<ual harrasment Law' the Indi"enous Peoples

Ri"hts Law' E<port ;e(t Act

As ice President

•Run under La*as CM; with 5ose de Fenecia

•0en Ed"ardo an"ara as opponent

•$st &emale Fice President

•0ec o ;07; +resi"ned in )666 !ecause oalle"ation a"ainst Pres% Estrada

President' $st Term )66$:)661

0tron" Repu!licB

:stron" !ureaucracy

:lowerin" crime rates

:increasin" ta< collection

:impro(in" economic "rowth

:intensiyin" counter:terrorism eorts

•-ecame President throu"h E;0A )

•0worn as President !y Chie 5ustice Hilario;a(ide 5r%

•International community e<pressed that Arroyowith the church and !usiness elites were anopportunist o post and planned well the coup

•May $' )66$ E;0A / a"ainst arroyoadministration8 Manila was declared in 0tate o

Re!ellion

9a*wood Mutiny )nd Term' )661:Present

; )66) A d th t h ill t

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•5uly )' )66/

•Led !y Lt% Antonio TrillanesIF' Army Capt% ,erardo,am!ala o the Phil% Na(y

• Arroyo Administration was"oin" to proclaim MartialLaw and issue o corruption

•;ec )66): Arroyo announced that she will not run orPres in )661 Election !ut $6 months ater shere(ersed her decision%

•)661 Presidential Election: &P5' Pin" Lacson' RaulRoco and Eddie Fillanue(a as her opponent

•Issues as President ater )661 Election

• Hello ,arci TapeB

• 0tate o Emer"ency under Proclamation No%$6$

• Manila Peninsula Re!ellion

• N-N TE ;eal

• :/) 0atisaction rate as o $st quarter o )663'lowest rate amon" the presidents

•

Impeachment complaints• E<tra:@udicial *illin"s

Pro"rams

President G!#ri" M"c"p"-"!*Arr##s

&*p#int A-end"

7/17/2019 jihbb


Pro"rams

•Economy: = ,;P' hi"hest percenta"e than /pre(ious administartion

•EFAT: economic reorm a"enda' No( )66=

•International Relations

• Philippine as No%$ ally o U0A

• &orei"n Policy is anchored on !uildin"stron" ties with nations where 9&7 wor*and li(e

• RP as host o $)th A0EAN 0ummit in Ce!uCity

•;omestic Relations

• Charter Chan"e:ederal parliamentary:unicameral orm o "o(ernment

• E9 1?1: or!iddin" "o(t oicials wD6 Arroyos

consent in con"ressional inquiries• Estrada pardon last 9ct )=' )66

p -

$% The creation o si< million @o!s in si< years (ia moreopportunities "i(en to entrepreneurs' triplin" o theamount o loans or lendin" to small and mediumenterprises and the de(elopment o one to two million

hectares o land or a"ricultural !usiness%)% The construction o new !uildin"s' classrooms' pro(ision

o des*s and chairs and !oo*s or students andscholarships to poor amilies'

/% The !alancin" o the !ud"et'

1% The decentraliation o pro"ress around the nationthrou"h the use o transportation networ*s li*e the roll:on' roll:o and the di"ital inrastructure'

=% The pro(ision o electricity and water supply to !aran"aysnationwide'

?% The decon"estion o Metro Manila !y ormin" new coreso "o(ernment and housin" centers in Luon' Fisayasand Mindanao'

% The de(elopment o Clar* and 0u!ic as the !estinternational ser(ice and lo"istic centers in the re"ion'

2% The automation o the electoral process

3% A @ust end to the peace process' and

$6% A air closure to the di(isi(eness amon" the Edsa $' )and / orces%

7/17/2019 jihbb


A4"rds 8 C#00end"ti#ns 8Cit"ti#ns6

Ma"aine' Pu!lic Eye Ma"aine'

Trade Union Con"ress o thePhilippines' and !y Emil 5urado+Manila 0tandard Columnist.7oman o the ear' CatholicEducation Association o thePhilippinesUliran" Ina' Uliran" Ina AwardsCommittee' $/ May )66$

9ne o Asias Most Powerul 7omen' Asiawee*Ma*in" a ;ierence or 7omen 47omen o ;istinction Award'0oroptimist International o thePhilippines Re"ion' /6 May )66/Most ;istin"uished Alumna' Uni(ersityo the Philippines Alumni Association

+UPAA.' $? 5une )66$

B?K;?- AK?- KKK

7/17/2019 jihbb


2010$2016

PKLKPK?A. ?A&K?G a ampai%n that see:s

to ha#ness the spi#it o5People Powe# to boostthe pa#tne#ship between%ove#nment an' the4ilipino people towa#'

p#o%#ess an''evelopment3

AK?-KC.i 5 b i <'

7/17/2019 jihbb


eonomis o5 business on<'ene

aims to #eate an envi#onment that will %ivethe p#ivate seto# on<'ene to put in thei#money %ene#ate Oobs aele#ate eonomi%#owth an' sustain it3

4-/ PKLLA/. 13 4isal sustainability an' ma#oeonomistability

23 P#ivate an' Publi Pa#tne#ship ( PPP ) 3 ase in 'oin% business 5o# both loal an'5o#ei%n

investo#s

, Knvestment in people %ivin% 4ilipinos

P/-;/A. K? A;/KCL&/

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P/-;/A. K? A;/KCL&/

7/17/2019 jihbb


Compiled !y,LEN;A R% PERE

&or HI0N6$, 4 Philippine History A-C $6)#66:2#/6 AMDMTh51$2

0ources

7/17/2019 jihbb


0ources

• Halili' Maria Christine N% +)6$6.% PhilippineHistory% 0econd Edition% Manila# Re< -oo*0tore%

• aide' ,re"orio &% and 0onia M% aide%+)661.% Philippine History and,o(ernment% ueon City# All Nations

Pu!lishin" Co%' Inc%• http#DDwww%slideshare%net

Documents

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