3
腓腖腕腒 腓腖腕腒 腑腔 .3 (,**.) . ,+-,+/ 腆腏腅腊腄腙腑 +,* 腕腗腖腘腂腒腁腃 腓腔腈腍腋腀腐腀腆腇腎腉腌 International Seminar/Workshop on Tsunmai : “In Memoriam +,* Years of Krakatau Eruption-Tsunami and Lesson Learned from Large Tsunami” Yuichi NISHIMURA +腆腄腇腅 腸膖腷膇腳膭臮腢腼膕膚腗膕/* km, 腽膛膂 膲臈腡腥腦膩腠膞腕腯膭臮腝腈腯+,* 膄腚+22- 2 ,1 腸膖腷膇腳膭臮腡膭腝膈腖腓腜 -0,*** 腍臃腠腟腚腗腑腡臃腳腘腷腟膭臮臧膵腠腬腯腪腡腞腓腜腢腈腯,**- 2 ,0 腌腭 ,3 腴膛膈膊腻腳腡腼膕腷膘 膁腞腳膛膉膕腃 (Anyer) 腠腋腉腜腸膖腷膇腳膭臮腡+,* 腲臁腓腜臢臨膰臄腍膳臥腒腰腗膰臄腡臷 腟膅腃膒腢腵膆腝腈腮膡腷腵膆膘腛膉腠膼腓腜腑腡膾膰腠臓臆膾膼腫臧膾膼腀膜腡膠致腲臞腩腯腑 腞腠腈腚腗膰臄腡臷臥腢腴膛膈膊腻腳腡膿腊腯BMG (Badan Metorological dan Geofisica) 腝腈腯膫臶腢+,* 腊腙膴臢腌腭腢+* 腳膔膗腷腻腳膈腴膄腶膖膛膂膂膛腍臭膫腓腗膂膛腌腭 腢臢腶腈腁腔臠臓臆腡臖腼腸膫臶腡 , 腍臭膫腓腗,**. . 臏腠膰臄腡膧臗腴膛膈膊腻腳臗-1- p腍膣自腒腰臭膫臶腠膇膍腒腰腗腑腑腝腢膰臄腡膶腠腛腉腜膯腕腯膰臄腡膳臥腠 腛腉腜腢腵膆膼臌臶腠腢膝腍腈腚腗腍膭臮膼臌臶腠 腢臚腏臹腒腰腟腌腚腗腬腊腠臱腊腑腡臡腝膰臄腡 膁膤腡膢腚腜腉腗腘腐腗腭臙腉腝腈腯,腊腎腌腂腐腂腈腉腏腋腍 膰臄腢腄膂 2 ,0 腢腼膕腷膘膁臰腡膒膛膂 膗膛膐膅膘腝臜腱腰,- 膂膡 2 ,1,2 腢腼膕膚 腗腨腽膛膂膲臈腠腓腗腳膛膉膕腃腡膗膀腃膇膐 膅膘腝膳臥腒腰腗腟腋臦臺2 ,3 腠腢膑腃 膇腠腬腯腸膖腷膇腳膭臮腡臒腍臜腱腰腗腄膂腡臝膨膰腝腢臢腡膼臌腈腯腫臓臆膾膼腡腥膋腠腬腯膜臫腞膢膉腷腟腽膍腃膃腠International Tsunami Information Center 腅腲Laura Kong 臲腞 IUGG Tsunami Commission 膟膤,**- 1 臏腧腝Vacheslav Gusiakov 臲腠腬腯膽臝膨腍臜腱腰腗Kong 臲腢膋膚腴腡腵膆腻腽膅膓腠腛腉腜腙膞Kong 臲腢BMG 腠腴膛膈膊腻腳腡腵膆膘臧腠腛腉 腜腳膈膌腴腽腕腯腗腩膰臄腡腑膂腚腌腭腼膕腷膘膁腮腓腜腉腗Gusiakov 臲腢腵膆膆腃膁膏腃腽腠腛腉腜 膯腓腡膒膥腨臣腨膈腖腕腯腵膆膀腰腛腉腜膱腓腗腴膛膈膊腻腳腢腽膛膂臕腝膈腖腕腯臇 腦腪腏腠腬腯腵膆腠腓腣腓腣臻腱腰腜腉腯腍膑腆腌膔膡腠腬腮臵腞腪腠臊臵腝腈腮腦腪腏 膧膪腍腬腏腱腌腚腜腉腟腉臶腪腔腏臔膑腆腓腉腩腭腰腜腉腯臵膷腠腬腯 腪腏腵膆膧膪腱臤腍腴膛膈膊腻腳腝腪臍膮腒 腰腯腤腎腘腞臱腚腗腇腤臝膨腠膥腎膭臮膷腟臝膨腍 , 臐腈腚腗腧腖膭臮 臵臧膵 臧臉腡 Achmad Djumarma Wirakusumah 腅腲腍腴膛膈膊腻腳腡膭臮臧膵腞膻腢腒腠腛腉腜腤腗腉腜膈腴膄腡腹膘腃膎腍腸 膖腷膇腳膔膖膍腺膘腃膇腡 - 膭臮腡膏膨臓臆膎膙腼腵腸膇腲膯腓腗腑腡腝腢腧腖腸膖 腷膇腳腡膻,**. 腌腭腽膁腃膇腕腯腧腗膢*0**2+* +* 腍腗 2 腮膡 腾腦膷膦膷臓臆膬腪腏膭臮臓臆膻腾膛膁腃 Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-+*, Nishi-2, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido *0**2+* Japan. e-mail : [email protected]

ˇˆkazan-g.sakura.ne.jp/cgi-bin/dpdf.cgi?q=49.4.5.pdf · K⁄8?5g‹› }8 B ˇ−C‡8V3?D‰˜ 5 V3 8˝aA˜ „E Fg“GHn ”I 9! /ˇ 8J‘ > ˜ k lm 3:; ˘7U 58‹› }8?K ‡8

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Page 1: ˇˆkazan-g.sakura.ne.jp/cgi-bin/dpdf.cgi?q=49.4.5.pdf · K⁄8?5g‹› }8 B ˇ−C‡8V3?D‰˜ 5 V3 8˝aA˜ „E Fg“GHn ”I 9! /ˇ 8J‘ > ˜ k lm 3:; ˘7U 58‹› }8?K ‡8

������������ � .3� (,**.)� .� ,+-�,+/�

������� +,*�� �� ����������������

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International Seminar/Workshop on Tsunmai:

“In Memoriam +,* Years of Krakatau Eruption-Tsunami

and Lesson Learned from Large Tsunami”

Yuichi NISHIMURA�

+ � � ����� ��������� /* km, ���

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,**-� 2" ,0 45 ,3 � 6�789����:;1�<�= (Anyer)�>?'! �������� +,*@�AB�&'CDEF%GHIJ*! EF�K$L=M ��� N��� ��� -!"�O&'�+�PE�QRPOS -PO� #$�TUAVW�+1� )*! EF�KH 6�789�X%&�'*� BMG (Badan Metorological dan Geofisica)� �! YZ, � +,*(� [\]C45 � +*( ^_`�� a9� 76b� c���� )d %YZ&*! )45 C*e+,C*f-.g/hQR0�i123j ^k4ld 15,� ,(%YZ&*! ,**.� ."�EF�67m ^no! �86�789o! -1- pd %pqIJ�YZ,�9:IJ*!++� EF�r;�s?'<t��! EF�GH�s?' ��Ou,� v=% )*%� ��Ou,� wx@>IJ$4)*/[�y[! +�?z�EF�{@S=A��BA>)'?*|}*5~?� �!

, ������������EF � C ^2" ,0 d ���:;�=�M��`��L:���J� ,�- � ^2" ,1�,2 d ������B� ������D&*�<�=�`�=�L:�GHIJ*!$>�3� ^2" ,3 d � ��=�/�������E�%��J*!C ���E� � C�Ou,&SQRPO�FG,�/���1�"�$��=��H�� International

Tsunami Information Center0I� Laura Kongj1IUGG Tsunami Commission���I ^,**-� 1"��d� Vacheslav Gusiakovj�/��J��%��J*!Kongj ��6����?9�L��s?'KL&*! Kongj � BMG�6�789��� -�s?'7�6���*W� EF�� �45���:;MN&'?*! Gusiakovj � ���=;�=��s?'<t&� �NOP�Q���R��������ST�s?'�K&*! 6�789 �����������UV�/����&�&���J'?�%�  7W�X?%U¡�/N¢£Y10�Z¤¢� N� ��UV�[�%/x�4)'?$?! 5,0� \¥x 7WB]%^&?_�`�aW5J'?�U¢l�¦b�/��2UV£���[�J§%� 6�789�0¨©IJ�ª�|1y)*!cd���«�H�� ��l�$��% ,¬ )*!�­� ��U¢-. -®� Achmad Djumarma

Wirakusumah0I%6�789���-.1¯e°±fg�s?'hª*! H?'� 76b�²:=³%���� _��� ´:=� -���Uµijl�¯eQR³a�¶�A<t&*! +�� � �­����¯e% ,**.�45�;=��!�*���U

�·*0*�*2+* ¸k�_¹_ +*l� 2m�_�`�l�lºjlQR»UV��QR¯e¼�;=Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Graduate

School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-+*,Nishi-2, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido *0*�*2+* Japan.

e-mail : [email protected]

Page 2: ˇˆkazan-g.sakura.ne.jp/cgi-bin/dpdf.cgi?q=49.4.5.pdf · K⁄8?5g‹› }8 B ˇ−C‡8V3?D‰˜ 5 V3 8˝aA˜ „E Fg“GHn ”I 9! /ˇ 8J‘ > ˜ k lm 3:; ˘7U 58‹› }8?K ‡8

������������ �� ���������������������� -- km������ (The Nusantara Tunnel)���� !�"#�$�� %&'() ����*+����(, �-�.�/0� ,����� ,�123��4�5�6�7��() +����.�8���(9:6�;<�"#�()

,� .=�>�4���!" # �� ?�$�@� AB�C�$��%D��E3 �������F&'E<6���*�#�() (�. (+) +33-)�*�+,-G$����.HIJKI/� (,) *�+LMN��0O��01�PQ(R23R�%D���STU6�4H�56 (-) 78��VW�XY���9:;�<Z�=1 �[\��()

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@4f��K�� {|LM} �~D��$�"#�) $���N,�uycx�".MO�P��Q�' R �D��[\�S����Y�'( (Photo +)) �S�� ��� /[�R �TU.VW� �X`Y�'(|LIZ���[&'() (+) ���e�\�]^����_��Q� (,) ���`c�<���a��(-) ��4H�����(Q��ab�a��[��(.) 78����6��6��bc�� (/) �8$�"@4de�yz�bc��) \q'��f'E$�"#�� a��6wcxw�E+���g�#�(Q

Z���$�����#����() $'���fhi��� =j�G�klm��m'��pn�$���o��) $���p ;<�"qr+�#�() a�b�c4�st'E ���uv&' N,. � w��-��� >�¡¢"X`x���_�()

-� �������N���. R2$E4H@4£� Igan Sutawidjaja

y��z" {�¤�6�6�(=�>�4|¥�¦!&'() +-*H��-��. $�|¥§Y���}(+��-��¨~�(�&mP�'�) +��;<��� 2��nC +�1�"=�>�4�����() $$�. +22-)�2m� w"#��>���+3,1)����s���'�3R�©`��\�4w=I=�>�4 (Photo ,) E3 .[���#�) 4w=I=�>�4���. -** m" ��. +* cm�yr���"c��\���$�"#�) �ª�n�%D3R. +330)��«p\E\){.�¬���­��`�|t�( �®�x�.�Qs��[�Es�() R2|¥�\��+��-��¨~��¯�%D��"#` x���o�\(�.!H\(s3Ds) =j {��p��8��°�"�#�() |¥�z.|t�(, {. +/ : -*�4�5�6� ,* km*�#�±�²�= (Merak) ��\() $$. +22-)����N��x� -0 m�³��(��"#�) ��.���´�����1�µ¶96�C�� ·��¸¹$��º���»�sE¼�E�\�) �-����. $$s�0�"��>��®��()

Photo +. From left to right, Vacheslav Gusiakov

(outgoing IUGG Tsunami Commission Chair),

Fauzi (Meteorological and Geophysical Agency,

Indonesia), Laura Kong (International Tsunami

Information Center Director), provided leader-

ship to construct recommendations to mitigate

future tsunami disaster in Indonesia.

Photo ,. A -** m high Anak Krakatau, which is

located at the north wall of the remaining

caldera rim and was formed at the first eruption

in +3,1.

- �    214

Page 3: ˇˆkazan-g.sakura.ne.jp/cgi-bin/dpdf.cgi?q=49.4.5.pdf · K⁄8?5g‹› }8 B ˇ−C‡8V3?D‰˜ 5 V3 8˝aA˜ „E Fg“GHn ”I 9! /ˇ 8J‘ > ˜ k lm 3:; ˘7U 58‹› }8?K ‡8

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-)� ������9!:;<5=�>�?�@�A���BCDA���� ����E��FG�+11+ H�� 2I �� JK�L��9!MNA�O�?P�A��8� ��������QR�� !STm

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/� � � � ���� ¡�3$�� QS�¢!n~KT~U£ ��¤8V�LM���¥¦}5W�� 8� +22-

��.{|}������}§��� ¨©35$�~K\w?|ª«{X@5�U~¬15�U 8��QSYA5�U3�$��Z?[gFzA�X�(Yokoyama, +32+, +321 ; Latter, +32+ : Self and Rampino,

+32+ ; Camus and Vincent, +32- ; Francis, +32/ ;

Sigurdsson et al., +33+ ; Nomambhoy and Satake, +33/ ; de

Lange et al., ,**+)� .{|}����§��� ��56,U����­nA�[®�\8 ¡���A��8 (Carey, +330, ,**+)� V�9£5¯�5°±�\�²�� ¡� ���])R³,A8�X´3µ£�

� � � �

Camus, G. and Vincent, P.M. (+32-) Discussion of a new

hypothesis for the Krakatau volcanic eruption in +22-. J.

Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., +3, +01�+1-.Carey, S., Sigurdsson, H., Mandeville, C. and Bronto, S.

(+330) Pyroclastic flows and surges over water : an ex-

ample from the +22- Krakatau eruption. Bull. Volcanol.,

/1, .3-�/++.Carey, S., Morelli, D., Sigurdsson, H. and Bronto, S.

(,**+) Tsunami deposits from major explosive eruptions :

an example from the +22- eruption of Krakatau. Geolo-

gy, ,3, -.1�-/*.de Lange, W. P., Prasetya, G. S. and Healy, T.R. (,**+)

Modelling of tsunamis generated by pyroclastic flows

(ignimbrites). Natural Hazards, ,., ,/+�,00.Francis, P.W. (+32/) The origin of the +22- Krakatau

tsunamis. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., ,/, -.3�-0-.Latter, J.H. (+32+) Tsunamis of volcanic origin : summary

of causes, with particular reference to Krakatoa, +22-.Bull. Volcanol., .., .01�.3*.

Nomanbhoy, N. and Satake, K. (+33/) Generation mecha-

nism of tsunamis from the +22- Krakatau eruption.

Geophys. Res. Lett., ,,, /*3�/+,.Self, S. and Rampino, M.R. (+32+) The +22- eruption of

Krakatau. Nature, ,3., 033�1*..Sigurdsson, H., Carey, S. and Mandeville (+33+) Subma-

rine pyroclastic flows of the +22- eruption of Krakatau

volcano. Nat. Geog. Res. Explor., 1, -+*�-,1.Yokoyama, I. (+32+) A geophysical interpretation of the

+22- Krakatau eruption. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 3,-/3�-12.

Yokoyama, I. (+321) A scenario of the +22- Krakatau

tsunami. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., -., +,-�+-,.

Photo -. Coral boulders carried up and deposited

by the +22- Krakatau tsunami. These tsunami

evidences are commonly seen around Anyer, a

seaside town /* km east from Krakatau volcano.

.{|}�T~ +,*�� ��¶�8·Y¸�¹��º�./»¦¼ 215