kgh-kongres.rs · 2020. 6. 18. · 1. • Program. ORGANIZATOR. ORGANIZER. Društvo za grejanje, hlađenje i . klimatizaciju Srbije (KGH) Savezu mašinskih i

Програм Зборник резимеа радова

Programme Book of Abstracts

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ORGANIZATOR ORGANIZER

Društvo za grejanje, hlađenje i klimatizaciju Srbije (KGH)

Savezu mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije (SMEITS),

Kneza Miloša 7a/II, 11000 Beograd Tel. 011/3230-041, 3031-696, tel./faks 3231-372

E-mail: [email protected] www.kgh-kongres.rs

www.smeits.rs • www.kgh-drustvo.rs

Generalni pokrovitelj General patron

Pokrovitelj izložbe Exhibition patron

Domaćin koktela dobrodošlice Welcome coctail host

Domaćin oproštajnog ručka Farewell lunch host

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H (

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9)ORGANIZACIONI ODBOR

ORGANIZING COMMITTEEAleksandar Anđelković

Tamara BajcBratislav BlagojevićBojan BogdanovićVladan GalebovićMarko Ignjatović

Dimitrije LilićJovan Milić

Nenad MiloradovićUroš MilovančevićSlobodan Pejković

Živojin PerišićJelena Salević

Dragomir ŠamšalovićBiserka Švarc

Marija S. TodorovićBranislav Todorović (President)

Petar VasiljevićMilovan Živković

MEĐUNARODNI PROGRAMSKI ODBOR INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

Aleksandar Anđelković University of Novi Sad, Serbia Hywel Davies CIBSE director Costas Balaras professor, NOA, Greece Bratislav Blagojević professor, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia Bojan Bogdanović EBRD, Belgrade, Serbia Frank Hovorka REHVA President Pega Hrnjak professor, University of Illinois, Urbana – USA Didier Coulomb IIR director, France Ioan Silviu Doboşi Member of Board of Directors, REHVA, Romania Andrea Gasparella IBPSA Board, University of Bozen/Bolzano, Italy Darryl Boyce ASHRAE, USA Halvart Koeppen Regional Network Coordinator, UN Environment, France Zoltan Magyar professor, Budapest University of Technology and Economics,

Hungary Peter Novak professor, Faculty for Technology and Systems,

Novo mesto, Slovenia Adrian Retezan professor, Universitatea Politehnica Timisoara, Romania Marija S. Todorović Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia Petar Vasiljević PUC „Beogradske elektrane“, Belgrade, Serbia Milovan Živković SMEITS Vice President

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NACIONALNI NAUČNI SAVET NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Miloš Banjac Mašinski fakultet, Beograd Velimir Čongradac Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad Zoran Keković Fakultet bezbednosti, Beograd Milan Kilibarda Mašinski fakultet, Beograd Franc Kosi Mašinski fakultet,Beograd Miomir Kostić Elektrotehnički fakultet, Beograd Radivoje Mitrović Mašinski fakultet, Beograd Danijela Nikolić Fakultet inženjerskih nauka, Kragujevac Božidar Radenković Fakultet organizacionih nauka, Beograd Snežana Stevanović Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd Nadežda Stojanović Šumarski fakultet, Beograd Budimir Sudimac Arhitektonski fakultet, Beograd Eva Vaništa-Lazarević UrbanLab, Beograd Dušan Vukotić član IEC TC 57-WG14, predsednik KS N057–ISS, Beograd

PROGRAMSKI SPONZORI PROGRAMME SUPPORTERS

Akademija inženjerskih nauka Srbije, BeogradMašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi SadMašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Niš

Fakultet inženjerskih nauka Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, KragujevacFakultet za mašinstvo i građevinarstvo u Kraljevu,

Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, SrbijaPoljoprivredni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

Građevinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, BeogradElektrotehnički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

Fakultet organizacionih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu, BeogradFakultet bezbednosti Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

Inženjerska komora Srbije, BeogradUrbanLab, Beograd

United Nations Environment Program – UN Environment, FrancuskaRussian Association of HVAC engineers – AVOK, Rusija

Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations – REHVA, Belgija

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers – ASHRAE, SADInternational Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), Francuska

International Building Performance Simulation Association (IBPSA)International Renewable Energy Agency

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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9)GLAVNI SPONZORI

MAIN SPONSORS

20Godina

Tehnologija za život

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SPONZORI KONGRESA CONGRESS SPONSORS

AKTING Beograd ALFA CLIMA Knjaževac ALKO KLIMA Beograd BELIMO AUTOMATION Beograd CALEFFI HIDROTERMIKA Beograd CAREL Italija CIM GAS Subotica CWG BALKAN Beograd DOMINION-LD Group Beograd DRAVIDIS Beograd ELMARK Beograd ESOT ENERGY DOO Beograd EURO HEAT Kragujevac EUROFRIGO Beograd GAS LIDER Beograd HERZ Beograd INSTALACIJA INŽENJERING Beograd INTERFRIGO Beograd ION SOLUTIONS Novi Sad IPROS Novi Sad KAN-THERM Kft Mađarska KIM TEC Beograd KLIMA DOP Beograd

KOMO YU Beograd KORAJA Loznica KP EKO-DIM Beograd OVENTROP Beograd OVEX INŽENJERING Beograd PEZOS EXPORT IMPORT Novi Sad RACIONALIZACIJA ENERGIJE Beograd REHAU Beograd STRATO PLUS Aleksinac TECE Beograd TEHNOSAM Subotica TERMOMEHANIKA Beograd TERMOPLUS (CIAT) Beograd TIEMME RACCORDERIE SpA Italija TOPEKO HVAC & FIRESTOP SYSTEMS Beograd TOP-THERM Bečej TRACO INVEST Beograd TRGOMETAL Beograd UNICOM Beograd UPONOR Hrvatska VIS COMPANY Beograd WEISHAUPT Beograd

POČASNI ODBOR HONORARY COMMITTEE

Dragan Arsenović ELCOM TRADE, Beograd Yagiz Akbiyik HACI AYVAZ END. MAM. SAN.,

Turska Arpad Balog TOP-THERM, Bečej Pavle Banić SMART BUILDING

TECHNOLOGIES, Beograd Aleksandar Batinić DANFOSS, Beograd Zoran Biserčić VAILLANT, Beograd Bratislav Blagojević FENIKS BB, Niš Dragan Božović TERMOSISTEM, Crna Gora Vojislav Brajković INSTALACIJA INŽENJERING,

Beograd Dragan Brenesel IPROS, Novi Sad Srđan Budišin TERMOPLUS (CIAT), Beograd Velimir Čongradac ION SOLUTIONS, Novi Sad Ivan Đačić DRAVIDIS, Beograd Zoran Damjanović STEELSOFT-LG, Beograd Mladen Drljača IEG – INDUSTRIJA ELEKTRIČNIH

GREJAČA, Beograd Dušan Durković GRUNDFOS, Beograd Branislav Džinić MPG KGH, Beograd Nebojša Filipović UNICOM, Beograd

Predrag Filipović GRAPPA, Beograd Marco Galluppi CAREL, Italija Vedran Gojčeta UPONOR, Hrvatska Maja Golić PEZOS EXPORT IMPORT,

Novi Sad Bojan Grujički VIESSMANN, Beograd Saša Ilić WEISHAUPT, Beograd Aleksandar Ilić STRATO PLUS, Aleksinac Nebojša Ilić DOMING DOO, Beograd Vladimir Ivanović MIKOTERM ELECTRONIC, Niš Saša Jakimov TRACO, Beograd Andrej Jergović SOKO INŽINJERING, Beograd Dragan Joković IZOEKOMONT, Obrenovac Branislav Jordanov LG ELECTRONICS, Beograd Dragoljub Jovančević KIM TEC, Beograd Slobodan Jovanović TRGOMETAL, Beograd Saša Jović ALFA CLIMA, Knjaževac Dragan Jović ALFACO INŽENJERING, Čačak Bojan Jovović EUROFRIGO, Beograd Čaba Kern CIM GAS, Subotica Jelena Keser TECE, Beograd Nataš Klen AKTING, Beograd

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9) Aleksandar Kojić ALKO KLIMA, Beograd Goran Kolić AIRTREND-KOVENT, Beograd Zoran Kovljen GILLES, Austrija Manojlo Kremić TIPO KOTLOGRADNJA, Beograd Mladen Kuparić WILO, Beograd Predrag Lončar ENERGY NET, Kać Darko Marinković TDM, Beograd Miljan Marković KAN-THERM Kft, Mađarska Aleksandar Marković ITN GROUP, Beograd Pavle Markovski KLIMA M, Beograd Marijana Matić-Mitić IZOLIR, Zrenjanin Jakov Milanović DELTA TERM, Beograd Ivan Milenović PIPELIFE SERBIA DOO, Beograd Goran Miličević KP EKO-DIM, Beograd Vladimir Milidragović CALEFFI HIDROTERMIKA,

Beograd Alen Milović ETAŽ, Beograd Aleksandar Minić IMI INTERNATIONAL, Beograd Dušan Mišić PORTAL, Zaječar Boban Mitrović PVF TRADERS, Beograd Srđan Nikodijević OVENTROP, Beograd Boban Nikolić CHIGO ADRIA, Beograd Vlada Obradović TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

SERVICES, Beograd Aleksandar Obradović ZENDER, Nemačka/MTA, Italija Dragan Obradović KLIMA DOP, Beograd Dragan Otanjac DOMINION-LD Group, Beograd Ljubomir Pantić PAN KLIMA, Beograd Dikeos Papamavros TIEMME RACCORDERIE SpA,

Italija Milovan Paunović TERMO PLUS, Beograd Predrag Pažin TERMOINŽENJERING, Beograd Slobodan Pejković FILTER FRIGO, Beograd

Darko Perušinović GAS LIDER, Beograd Stevan Petković EURO HEAT, Kragujevac Branimir Petrović BELIMO AUTOMATION, Beograd Čedomir Petrović RACIONALIZACIJA ENERGIJE,

Beograd Irena Popović TROX TECHNIK, Austrija Jelena Prstojević ESOT ENERGY DOO, Beograd Slavko Radovanović TEHNOSAM, Subotica Marko Ranđelović ROBERT BOSCH, Beograd Stefan Ražić KLIMAOPREMA, Beograd Željko Rosić TRACO INVEST, Beograd Dragana Santovac CWG BALKAN, Beograd Dušan Savić INTERFRIGO, Beograd Andrej Škorc SIPATEC BUILDING, Beograd Dejan Slepčević SIDEK INŽENJERING, Beograd Mirjana Sofrenović SYSTEMAIR, Beograd Milan Spasojević KOMO YU, Beograd Bojan Sretenović OVEX INŽENJERING, Beograd Nebojša Stanić REHAU, Beograd Predrag Stanisavljević TOPEKO HVAC & FIRESTOP

SYSTEMS, Beograd Saša Šumić GROUP PROTEM, Beograd Milan Tomaš TEHNOEXPORT, Inđija Dimitrije Trifunović TERMO TEC FLEX, Obrenovac /

RADIUS-KELIT, Austrija Nemanja Tubić HERZ, Beograd Dinko Uzelac EMERSON Mihailo Vasić KORAJA, Loznica Narcis Vodopivec HALTON FOODSERVICE Gmbh,

Nemačka Zorica Vojinović LINDAB, Beograd Bojan Vukotić VIS COMPANY, Beograd Dalibor Vunić FINTHERM, Češka

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SREDA • WednesdaySALA 1/0 • Hall 1/0

09:00 ~ 09:30 Registracija / Registration

09:30~11:00 Otvaranje kongresa i izložbe • Opening of Congress and Exhibition

11:00~13:00 Sesija 1Plenarna predavanja • Keynote Lectures

13:00 ~ 14:00 Koktel dobrodošlice • Welcome Cocktail

SALA 1/0 • Hall 1/0 ANEKS B • Annex B ANEKS A • Annex A

14:00 ~ 19:00

Sesija 2Obnovljivi izvori energije za mitigaciju

globalnog zagrevanja, zaštitu životne sredine i održiv razvoj

Renewable energy sources for global warming mitigation, environment protection and

sustainable development

14:00~18:00Sesija 3

Modeliranje, kontrola, validacija merenjemModeling, control and measuring validation

14:00~18:00Sesija 4

Oprema i sistemi za KGHHVAC Equipment and Systems

ČETVRTAK • ThursdayANEKS B • Annex B SALA 1/0 • Hall 1/0 ANEKS A • Annex A

09:00 ~ 13:00

Sesija 5FORUM • Poboljšanje energetske efikasnosti u novim tehnologijama hlađenja pogodnim za

očuvanje klimatskih uslova i ozonskog omotačaFORUM Improving Energy Efficiency in Climate

and Ozone Friendly Latest Refrigeration Technologies

09:00 ~ 13:30Sesija 8

Daljinsko grejanje i hlađenjeDistrict heating and cooling

14:00 ~ 15:30

Sesija 6Zakonodavne opcije i politika o HFC-ima u Srbiji i evropska regulativa o F-gasovima

HFC policy & legislative options in Serbia and European „F“ gas legislation

11:50 ~ 13:30 Izlaganje radova • Papers presentation 11:00 ~ 13:30Sesija 10

Studentski programStudents’ program

15:45 ~ 18:00Sesija 7

Rashladne mašine i sistemiRefrigeration machines and systems

14:00 ~ 18:00

Sesija 9 IRENA – Podsticanje osposobljenosti kapaciteta

za primenu obnovljive energije u daljinskom grejanju i hlađenju gradova

IRENA – Capacity Building of Renewable Energy Applications for District Heating and

Cooling in Cities

14:00 ~ 18:00Sesija 11

Fizika zgrada i energetska efikasnostBuilding physics and energy efficiency

20.00 h Banket • Banquet

PETAK • FridayAneks B Japanski salon • Japanese hall

09:30~12:30

Sesija 12Kvalitet unutrašnje sredine – modeliranje, kontrola i uticaj na zadovoljstvo korisnikaIndoor environment quality – modelling,

control and impact on occupants satisfaction

09:30~12:30

Sesija 13 FORUMKonačna diskusija u cilju prilaza rezimeu i

izvesnim zaključcimaFinal discussion with an aim to approach

certain summary and conclusions

09:30~12:30Sesija 9

Nastavak sesije IRENA-eIRENA session continuation

14.00 h Završetak rada skupa • Congress Closing Ceremony14.30 h Oproštajni ručak • Farewell Lunch

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SREDA, 4. DECEMBAR 2019. Wednesday, December 4, 2019

9.00–9.30 h REGISTRACIJA • Registration

SALA 1/0 • Hall 1/0

09.30–11.0 h SVEČANO OTVARANJE 50. MEĐUNARODNOG KONGRESA I IZLOŽBE O KGH • 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition Opening Ceremony

11.00–13.00 h I. PLENARNA PREDAVANJA • Plenary Keynote Lectures Pre dsedavajući – Chairs

B. Todorović, B. Blagojević, M. Živković

1. Neki pravci u hlađenju, klimatizaciji i toplotnim pumpama u SAD Some trends in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumping in the USA Predrag Pega HRNJAK, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA

2. Poređenje efikasnih sistema u različitim klimatskim uslovima Efficient systems compared in different climates Alexander Cohr PACHAI, Sabroe Factory by Johnson Controls, Denmark

3. Integrisano održivo projektovanje zgrada Integrated Sustainable Building Design Zoltan MAGYAR, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

4. Daljinsko grejanje i hlađenje kakvo nam treba The District Heating and Cooling We Need Paul VOSS, Euroheat & Power, Denmark

13.00–14.00 h KOKTEL DOBRODOŠLICE • Welcome Coctail

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14.0–19.00 h II. OBNOVLJIVI IZVORI ENERGIJE ZA MITIGACIJU GLOBALNOG ZAGREVANJA, ZAŠTITU ŽIVOTNE SREDINE I ODRŽIVI RAZVOJ

Renewable energy sources utilization for global warming mitigation, environment protection and sustainable development

Pre dsedavajući – Chairs M. S. Todorović, P. Novak, S. Nižetić

Ključno predavanje • Keynote lecture

5. Totalni energetski sistem (TES) pre 50 godina i danas Total energy system (TES) 50 year ago and present Peter NOVAK, Fakulteta za strojništvo, Univerza Novo mesto, Slovenija

6. Razmenjivači toplote za duboke bušotine u suvim stenama Deep borehole heat exchanger in dry rocks Bojan DROBNJAKOVIĆ, Velimir STEFANOVIĆ, Saša PAVLOVIĆ

7. Analiza opravdanosti primene fotonaponskog sistema u okviru studentskog doma u gradu Kragujevcu (Srbija) korišćenjem softvera za simulaciju energetskog ponašanja zgrada Feasibility analysis of application of photovoltaic system within a student dormitory in the city of Kragujevac (Serbia) using building energy simulation software Novak NIKOLIĆ, Nebojša LUKIĆ, Milisav PRODANOVIĆ, Aleksandar NEŠOVIĆ

8. Hibridni FN/T moduli u stambenim zgradama. Studija slučaja u području Mediterana Hybrid PV/T modules in residential buildings: A case study in the Mediterranean area Elli KYRIAKI, Sandro NIŽETIĆ, Agis M. PAPADOPOULOS

9. Ocena životnog ciklusa sistema fotonaponskih materijala integrisanih u zgrade Life-cycle assessment of building-integrated photovoltaic systems Jasna RADULOVIC, Danijela NIKOLIC, Jasmina SKERLIC, Mina VASKOVIC JOVANOVIC, Saša JOVANOVIĆ

14.0–18.00 h III. MODELIRANJE, KONTROLA, VALIDACIJA MERENJEM

Modeling, control and measuring validation

Pre dsedavajući – Chairs N. Harmathy, D. Crawley, E. Pavlović


24. Postizanje digitalno ‒ modeliranje rezilijentnosti infrastrukture za održivi urbani razvoj Going digital – modeling infrastructure resilience for sustainable urban development Drury B. CRAWLEY, Bentley Systems, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA

25. Modelovanje hirurških sala: četiri decenije CFD simulacija On the modelling of surgical operating theatres: four decades of cfd simulations Essam KHALIL

26. Modelovanje performanse sistema za KGH u preliminarnoj fazi za postizanje zelene sertifikacije zgrada HVAC performance modeling in preliminary design phase for achieving green building certification Norbert HARMATHY

27. Ispitivanje efekata noćnog hlađenja na termalne performance zgrade sa analizom po časovima Investigation of the effects of night cooling on building thermal performance with hourly analysis program Ismail CELIK, Murat CAKAN

28. Upravljanje kretanjem dima uz pomoć šprinklera u garaži srednje veličine pokrivenom sistemom šprinklera Smoke management in sprinklers in a medium sized sprinklered car park Dalia E. KHALIL, Essam E. KHALIL

29. Optimizacija laminarnog toka ventilacionog plafona Optimization of laminar airflow in laminar ceiling element Alen ORŠULIĆ, dr. Erik PAVLOVIČ

Pauza • Break 10 min.

14.0–18.00 h IV. OPREMA I SISTEMI ZA KGH

HVAC Equipment and systems

Pre dsedavajući – Chairs S. Genić, T. Wentz, N. Ćehajić


35. Percepcije industrije o procentualnoj veličini uzorka potrebnoj tokom tehničkog prijema za opremu koja se ponavlja Industry perceptions of percentage sample size required during sample commissioning for repetitive equipment Blake WENTZ1, Leah HENDRICKS2, Tim WENTZ3; 1 Milwaukee School of Engineering, USA; 2 JF Ahern Company, USA; 3 University of Nebraska, USA

36. Ispitivanje orebrenih zagrejača vazduha sa raspršivanjem vode Testing of air heaters with plate finned tubes with spray cooling Milena OTOVIĆ, Srbislav GENIĆ, Uroš MILOVANČEVIĆ, Vladimir ČERNICIN, Srđan OTOVIĆ, Snežana STEVANOVIĆ

37. Superkritični fluidi u farmaceutskoj industriji Supercritical f luids in the pharmaceutical industry Vladan MIĆIĆ, Darko MANJENČIĆ, Milica MIJATOVIĆ, Marija ALEKSIĆ, Aleksandra OGNJENOVIĆ

38. Održavanje energetske opreme „sitna pamet” – velika korist Energy equipment maintenance „tiny wit“ – large benefit Branko PAVLOVIĆ, Marin IVOŠEV

39. Procena životnog veka HFO-1234yf kao alternativnog rashladnog sredstva sa niskim koeficijentom globalnog zagrevanja umesto HFC134a u frižiderima za domaćinstvo HFO-1234yf life cycle assessment as a drop-in alternative refrigerant with low GWP For HFC-134a in domestic refregerators Mohamed ZAIN

40. Energijska i eksergijska analiza kondenzatora pare bloka 200 MW Energy and exergy analysis of steam condenser block of 200 MW Nurdin ĆEHAJIĆ


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10. Solarna termička energija u zgradarstvu – stanje i perspektive Solar thermal energy for buildings – current state and perspectives Tamara BAJC, Milan GOJAK

11. Geotermalni razmenjivač toplote sa specijalnom geometrijom – opis i model proračuna Geothermal heat exchanger with special geometry – description and calculation mode Andreea Irina BARAN, Theodor MATEESCU

12. Poboljšano skladište energije za hlađenje i grejanje renoviranih zgrada An improved thermal storage for heating and cooling of refurbished buildings Uroš STRITIH, Rok KOŽELJ, Eva ZAVRL, Urška MLAKAR

13. Pobošljanje mape solarnog potencijala: odbacivanje neto-merenja i prelazak na krivu zahva i lokalno vreme Improving solar potential map: ditching net-metering, embracing demand curve and local weather Marko KOVAČ, Gašper STEGNAR, Boris SUČIĆ, Stane MERŠE


Chairs: T. Bajc, M. Ignjatović, M. S. Todorović

14. Izbor najpovoljnije intervencije sistema pasivnog solarnog zahvata za poboljšanje energetskih performansi postojećih školskih zgrada u Nišu, Srbija Selection of the most favorable intervention of passive solar design systems for improving the energy performance of existing school buildings in Niš, Serbia Dušan J. RANĐELOVIĆ, Miomir S. VASOV, Marko G. IGNJATOVIĆ, Mirko M. STOJILJKOVIĆ, Veliborka B. BOGDANOVIĆ

15. Uticaj izbora sistema grejanja i klimatizacije porodičnog stambenog objekta na mogućnost postizanja zgrade skoro nula potrošnje fosilne energije u Srbiji Impact of HVAC system selection on possibility to reach nearly zero energy residential building in Serbia Marko G. IGNJATOVIĆ, Bratislav D. BLAGOJEVIĆ, Milena B. BLAGOJEVIĆ

Chairs: D. Cvetković, Ž. Tomšić, A. Škorc

30. Izazovi kombinovanja različitih metoda i alata za poboljšanje kontrole performansi u zgradama Challenges in combining different methods and tools for improving performance monitoring in buildings Boris SUČIĆ, Stane MERŠE, Marko KOVAČ, Željko TOMŠIĆ

31. Dinamički energetski efikasni sistemi za grejanje Dynamic energy efficient heating systems Dejan VELIČKOVIĆ, Filip ŽARDIN, Janko KRSTIĆ

32. Uticaj promene temperature izvora kod električnih podnih panela The influcence of source temperature on electric f loor heating panels Dragan CVETKOVIĆ, Aleksandar NEŠOVIĆ, Jasmina SKERLIĆ, Danijela NIKOLIĆ

33. BMS sistem u validiranoj farmaceutskoj proizvodnji: Siemens Desigo CC BMS system in the validated Pharmaceutical Production: Siemens Desigo CC Andrej ŠKORC

34. CFD modeliranje turbulencije u kanalima pločastih razmenjivača toplote CFD turbulency modeling in plate heat exchangers ducts Dragan MANDIĆ


Chairs: Ž. Perišić, D. Soldo, M. Živković

41. Povećanje energetske efikasnosti klima-komora prema zahtevima direktive ErP Air conditioning chambers energy efficiency increasing according to ErP directive Dejana SOLDO, Milan MARKOVIĆ

42. Kanali za klimatizaciju i ventilaciju čistih soba Air condition and ventilation ducts of clean rooms Milan MARKOVIĆ, Dejana SOLDO, Ivana MARKOVIĆ

43. Industrija hlađenja u Srbiji Cooling industry in Serbia Ninoslav SRDIĆ, Soko inžinjering, Beograd

44. Razvoj sistema sa CO2 u Srbiji Development of CO2 systems in Serbia Goran KESIĆ, Željka VUKOVIĆ, Milena PIŠTALO, Milan MARKOVIĆ

45. Sprečavanje curenja vazduha iz kanalskih mreža KGH Prevention of air leackage in HVAC channel networks Milovan ŽIVKOVIĆ, Vuk ŽIVKOVIĆ


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16. Studija primene obnovljive energije u administrativnim zgradama Study regarding implementation of renewable energy in administrative buildings Marius BALAN, Răzvan LUCIU, Mihai PROFIRE, Sebastian HUDISTEANU, Iulian GHERASIM, Emilian ȚURCANU

17. FNIZ (Fotonaponski integrisane zgrade) putem pametne mreže, toplotnim pumpama toplotna upotreba subgeotermalne energije, napuštenim rudnicima skladištenje energije i vanzemaljska proizvodnja energije velikih razmera za ublažavenje globalnog zagrevanja Rurban BIPV via Smart Grid, Heat Pumps Subgeothermal Energy Use, Abandoned Mines Energy Storage and Large Scale Extra-Terrestrial/Space Power Generation for Global Warming Mittigation Marija S. TODOROVIĆ

18. Balansiranje toplote upotrebom toplotnih pumpi i naknadnom ugradnjom ventilatora Heat balances by using heat pumps and fan retrofit Ivana STANČÍKOVÁ, Peter TOMLEIN

19. Pregled glavnih pojmova, karakteristika, upotrebe i metoda projektovanja energetskih šipova An overview of the main concepts, characteristics, use and energy piles design methods Miloš ČOKIĆ, Marija S. TODOROVIĆ

20. KGH napajanje energijom fotonaponskim i solarnim termalnim sistemima zasnovano na „heterodoks“ pristupu ekonomiji: studija slučaja grada Beograda HVAC energy feeding by photovoltaic and solar thermal systems in urban area based on heterodox approach in economics: A case study of City of Belgrade Dragan ĐURIČIN, Jovan MIKULOVIĆ, Dragan LONČAR, Radomir ŽIKIĆ

21. Procena izvodljivosti u pogledu primene sistema toplotne pumpe sa podzemljem kao izvorom toplote za industrijski objekat Feasibility considerations regarding the implementation of a GSHP system for an industrial facility Robert GAVRILIUC

22. Primer visokoefikasne toplotne podstanice sa toplotnim pumpama voda-voda, bunarima, kotlovima, „free cooling“ režimom bunarskom vodom sa daljinskim upravljanjem preko BMS-a Example of a high effiency central plant with water cooled heat pumps, submersion wells, boilers, free cooling mode with contol by building managment system with remote access Marko BABIĆ, Zoran STOJKOVIĆ, Pantelija BRAJIĆ

23. Višedimenzionalno integrisano upravljanje razvojnim promjenama termoenergetskih sistema Multidimensionally integrated management of development change of thermoenergy systems Zdravko BIJELIĆ, Mitar BIJELIĆ, Biljana MILANOVIĆ

SALA 1/0 • Hall 1/0 SALA 1/0 • Hall 1/0

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ČETVRTAK, 5. DECEMBAR 2019. Thursday, December 5, 2019

Aneks B • Annex B

9.00–13.00 h V. Forum: POBOLJŠANJE ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI U NOVIM TEHNOLOGIJAMA HLAĐENJA POGODNIM ZA OČUVANJE KLIMATSKIH USLOVA I OZONSKOG OMOTAČA

Forum: Improving Energy Efficiency In Climate And Ozone Friendly Latest Refrigeration Technologies

Predsedavajući – Chairs P. Hrnjak, A. Pachai, S. Pejković, H. Koeppen

46. Efikasniji i kompaktniji transkritični CO2 sistem za klimatizaciju najbržeg voza (400 km/h) More efficient and more compact transcritical CO2 system for air-conditioning of the highest speed train (400 km/h) Predrag Pega HRNJAK

47. Vremena se menjaju i u svetu industrijskog hlađenja The times they are a-changing – also in the world of industrial refrigeration Alexander Cohr PACHAI

48. Prilagođene visokopritisne industrijske toplotne pumpe sa NH3 Customised industrial high pressure NH3 heat-pumps Jan BOONE

49. Praćenje i analiza energetske efikasnosti Monitoring and analysing energy efficiency Andy PEARSON

50. Hladnjak Turbo-Brayton za superprovodni kabl Turbo-Brayton refrigerator for superconducting cable Naoko NAKAMURA

51. Potrošnja energije jednog industrijskog rashladnog sistema Energy consumption of industrial size refrigeration systems Thomas LUND, Morten Juel SKOVRUP, Mads HOLST

52. Energetska efikasnost industrijskih rashladnih sistema The energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration system Ninoslav SRDIĆ, Željka VUKOVIĆ

53. Klimatske promene i sistemi za KGH Climate change and HVAC&R systems Risto CICONKOV

54. Poboljšanje sistema za KGH radi povećanja kvaliteta unutrašnje sredine i energetske efikasnosti – tropsko niskoviseće voće HVAC systems enhancements for improved IEQ and energy efficiency ‒ tropical low hanging fruits Chandra SEKHAR

14.00–15.30 h VI. ZAKONODAVNE OPCIJE I POLITIKA O HFC-ima U SRBIJI I EVROPSKA REGULATIVA O F-GASOVIMA

HFC policy & legislative options in Serbia and European “F” gas legislation

Predsedavajući – Chairs H. Koeppen, B. Džinić, V. Sovilj

55. Razumevanje amandmana iz Kigalija i resursa OzonAction Understanding the Kigali Amendment and related OzonAction resources Halvart KOEPPEN

56. Amandman iz Kigalija – Aktivnosti za pripremu smanjenja potrošnje HFC supstanci u Republici Srbiji Kigali Amendment – Enabling activities for HFC phase-down in the Republic of Serbia Bojana RADESKI

57. Uvođenje RT niskog „GWP“ / Program REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE / Provedba „F– Gas“ regulative u Republici Hrvatskoj Introducing Low GWP Refrigerants – REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE Programme / Implementation of „F-Gas“ Regulation in Croatia Tonko ĆURKO, Marino GROZDEK

58. Ponovna upotreba rashladnih fluida – obnavljanje, reciklaža i vraćanje u upotrebu Re-using refrigerants – recovery, recycle, reclaim Hrvoje KRAPANIĆ, Nikolaos BARMPARITSAS, Erlend INGEBRIGTSEN

59. Predstavljanje nove fabrike rashladnih agregata sa NH3 u Srbiji Introducing the new NH3 refrigeration plant in Serbia Žikica ANDREJEVIĆ

This session is sponsored by the Ministry Environmental Protection of Serbia and UN Environment OzonAction

as part of Serbia’s HCFC phase-out management plan (HMPP)

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Aneks B • Annex B

15.45–18.00 h VII. RASHLADNE MAŠINE I SISTEMI Refrigeration machines and systemsPredsedavajući – Chairs

A. Pearson, F. Kosi, M. Kljajić


60. Bezbedna upotreba amonijaka Using ammonia safely Andy PEARSON, Star Refrigeration, Glasgow, UK

61. Tok i efekat ulja u kompresionim sistemima Oil f low and its effects on vapor compression system Predrag Pega HRNJAK

62. Primena grupe multifunkcionalnih toplotnih pumpi voda-voda u realnim uslovima rada za potrebe termotehničkih instalacija hotela sa 5 zvezdica u Vrnjačkoj Banji Application of a group of multifunctional water-to-water heat pumps in real working conditions for the thermotechnical installations of 5-star hotel in Vrnjačka Banja Branislav ĐOKIĆ, Dejan CVETKOVIĆ, Slobodan PEJKOVIĆ

63. Uticaj kvaliteta podzemnih voda na rad toplotne pumpe Impact of groundwater quality on heat pumps operation Milan MITRIĆ

64. Cenovno efikasno rešenje za manje komercijalne rashladne sisteme sa CO2 koje koriste ejektorsku tehnologiju Cost effective solution for smaller size CO2 commercial refrigeration systems utilizing ejector technology Mark SEVER, Ekaterini E. KRIEZI

65. Uporedna analiza potrošnje električne energije kaskadnog sistema R134a/CO2 sa jednostepenom R404a i dvostepenom CO2 instalacijom Comparative analysis of electric energy consumption of cascade system R134a/CO2 with single stage R404a and two-stage CO2 installation Dimitrije NINKOVIĆ, Uroš MILOVANČEVIĆ, Milena OTOVIĆ, Vladimir ČERNICIN

66. Modeliranje toplotne pumpe vazduh-voda Air-water heat-pump modeling Gratiela TARLEA, Mioara VINCERIUC, Ioan ZABET

67. Komparativna studija rashladnih sredstava R134a, R1234yf, MV3T i MV3TN Comparative refrigerants study of R134a, R1234yf, MV3T and MV3TN Mioara VINCERIUC, Gratiela TARLEA

68. Zamena R22 u klizalištima Replacement of R22 for ice rink applications Liviu Geo DRUGHEAN, Anica ILIE, Alina GIRIP, Madalina Teodora NICHITA

11.00–13.45 h X. STUDENTSKI PROGRAM Students’ programPredsedavajući – Chairs B. Blagojević, A. Anđelković, M. Ignjatović

69. Pozdravna reč / Welcome address, Prof. Branislav TODOROVIĆ70. Zgrade za ljude i performanse. Postizanje operativne izvrsnosti

Building for People and Performance: Achieving Operational Excellence, Darryl BOYCE, ASHRAE President

71. Pozdravna reč / Welcome address, Frank HOVORKA, REHVA President

72. Studenti i mladi inženjeri u ASHRAE / Students and YEA in ASHRAE, Aleksandar ANĐELKOVIĆ

73. Klimatske promene i sistemi KGH Climate Changes and HVAC&R Systems, Risto CICONKOV

Studentski radovi • Students’ papers:

74. Predlog energetskih razreda zgrada prema ukupnoj primarnoj energiji Proposal of building energy classes regarding total primary energy consumption Slavoljub SAVKOVIĆ, Mašinski fakultet u Beogradu, Beograd

75. Eksperimentalno i teorijsko određivanje performansi hibridnog solarnog PV/T panela Experimental and simulation performance investigation of a hybrid solar PV/T panel Mihai BAICEANU, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Building Services Faculty, Romania.

76. Optimizacija rada rashladnog postrojenja primenom regulacije potisnog pritiska kompresora Optimizing the operation of the cooling plant by applying compressor head pressure control Damir Kovčić, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Srbija

77. Tehno-ekonomska analiza konverzije toplotnog izvora nakon energetske sanacije za slobodnostojeću stambenu zgradu visoke spratnosti Techno-economic analysis of heat source conversion during refurbishment of high-rise residential building Nikola NIKOLIĆ, Mašinski fakultet u Nišu, Niš, Srbija

78. Optimizacija dvocevnog sistema vodenog centralnog grejanja Optimization of two-pipe hydronic central heating system Nemanja ŽIVKOVIĆ, Fakultet za mašinstvo i građevinarstvo u Kraljevu, Kraljevo, Srbija

79. Gubici toplote: faktor oblika Heat loss: shape factor Nistor Raul LUCIAN, Building Services Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Politechnica University Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania

ANEKS A • Annex A

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ČETVRTAK, 5. DECEMBAR 2019.Thursday, December 5, 2019

Sala 1/0 • Hall 1/0

9.00–13.30 h VIII. DALJINSKO GREJANJE I HLAĐENJE District heating and coolingPredsedavajući – Chairs

P. Vasiljević. P. Voss, B. Bogdanović

09.00–09.30 • Uvodno obraćanje • Introduction speeches

Dobrodošlica / Welcome• Savezno ministarstvo finansija Austrije / Federal Ministry of

finance, Republic of Austria• EBRD i ReDEWeB / EBRD and ReDEWeB Programme• Sekretarijat Energetske zajednice / Energy Community

Secretariat• UN Environment

09.30–10.40 h • Panel 1 • Primena obnovljivih izvora u daljinskom grejanju i hlađenjuPanel 1 • Application of renewable sources in district heating

Učesnici panela / Panel participants• Prof. dr Miloš BANJAC, Pomoćnik ministra rudarstva i energetike,

Republika Srbija / Assistant Minister, Ministry of Mining and Energy, Republic of Serbia

• Paul VOSS, Director Euroheat & Power, Belgium• Dejan STOJANOVIĆ, Predsednik Upravnog odbora Udruženja

toplana Srbije, Srbija / Chair of the Governing Board of the Serbian Association of Power Plants, Serbia

• Dušan MACURA, Rukovodilac proizvodnje i distribucije, JKP “Novosadska toplana”, Novi Sad, Srbija / Manager of Production and Distribution, Public utility company for district heating JKP “Novosadska toplana”, Novi Sad, Serbia

• Dejan JOVIŠEVIĆ, Član upravnog odbora „Eko toplane“, Banja Luka, BiH / Member of the Governing Board “Eko toplane“, Banja Luka, BiH

10.40–11.50 h • Panel 2 • Početak i završetak grejne sezone – pravna regulativa i iskustva iz okruženjaPanel 2 • Beginning and ending of heating season – legal regulation and experience from surrounding regions

Učesnici panela / Panel participants• Prof. dr Alojz POREDOŠ, Predsednik “Slovenia Energy Association”,

Slovenija / President “Slovenia Energy Association”, Slovenia• Zoran PREDIĆ, Državni sekretar u Ministarstvu rudarstva i

energetike, Republika Srbija / State secretary in the Ministry of Mining and Energy, Republic of Serbia

• Goran ALEKSIĆ, Predsednik Skupštine Udruženja toplana Srbije, Srbija / Chair of the Assembly, the Serbian District Heating Association, Serbia

• Nina JANDRIĆ, Sekretarka za energetiku Grada Beograda, Srbija / Secretary for Energy, City of Belgrade, Serbia

11.50–13.30 h • Izlaganje radova • Papers presentation• Veliki solarni termalni projekti u Boru i Pančevu – zelena

energija po nižoj ceni od fosilnih gorivaLarge solar thermal projects in Bor and Pancevo – green energy at lower costs than fossil fuelsPatrick RITER, Hrvoje MILOŠEVIĆ, Solid GmbH, Austrija

• Implementacija biomase u sisteme daljinskog grejanja SrbijeImplementation of biomass into the district heating system in SerbiaPetar VASILJEVIĆ, Srbija

• Mogućnosti korišćenja geotermalne energije u sistemima daljinskog grejanja u SrbijiUse of geothermal energy in district heating system – case study of a project in Bogatić, in Serbia

• Prof.dr. Dejan MILENIĆ, Rudarsko geološki fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

• Iskustva sa smart upravljanjem ultra niskotemperaturskim toplotnim podstanicama daljinskog grejanja, sa busterom, višestambenim zgradamaExpierience with smart operation of ULTDH domestic hot water booster substation for multifamily buildingJan Eric THORSEN, Oddgeir Gudmundsson, Marek BRAND, Danfoss

13.30–14.00 • Kafe pauza i osveženje / Coffee break and refreshments

This session is sponsored by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Ministry of Finance of Austria and organised in partnership with the

International Renewable Energy Agency – IRENA

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ČETVRTAK, 5. DECEMBAR 2019.Thursday, December 5, 2019

Sala 1/0 • Hall 1/0

14.00–18.00 h IX. IRENA – ENERGETSKA REŠENJA ZA GRA-DOVE BUDUĆNOSTI: OMOGUĆAVANJE INTEGRACIJE OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA NISKO-TEMPERATURNE ENERGIJE U SISTEME DAL-JINSKOG GREJANJA. RADIONICA ZA PODSTI-CANJE OSPOSOBLJENOSTI KAPACITETA

IRENA Energy Solutions for Cities of the Future: Facilitating the Integration of Low-Temperature Renewable Energy Sources into District Energy Systems. Capacity Building Workshop

Predsedavajući – ChairsP. Vasiljević. P. Voss, B. Bogdanović

14.00–14.30 • Uvodno obraćanje • Introductory addresses

Učesnici panela / Panel participants• Prof. dr Miloš BANJAC, Pomoćnik ministra rudarstva i energetike,

Republika Srbija / Assistant Minister, Ministry of Mining and Energy, Republic of Serbia

• Luca ANGELINO, Međunarodna agencija za energiju iz obnovljivih izvora / International Renewable Energy Agency

• Bojan BOGDANOVIĆ, Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj / European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

14.30–16.00 h • Deo I • Strateško planiranje grejanja i hlađenjaPart I • Strategic heating and cooling planning

• Razvijanje efektivnog strateškog plana za grejanje i hlađenje: koji su glavni faktori za uspeh?Developing an effective strategic heating/cooling plan: What key success factors?Aalborg University, Denmark

• Kako procena i mapiranje geotermalnih izvora mogu uticati na donošenje odluka u sektoru daljinskog grejanja: iskustva iz Mađarske i dunavskog regionaHow can geothermal resource assessment and mapping influence decision-making for district heating: Experience from Hungary and the Danube Region,Annamaria NADOR, Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary

• Pitanja i odgovori / Q&A

16.00–16.30 • Kafe pauza / Coffee break and refreshments

16.30–17.00 h • Deo II • Unapređenje okvira za integraciju obnovljivih izvora energije i viška toplote u daljinskom grejanju i hlađenjuPart II • Improving the enabling frameworks for the integration of renewable and excess heat sources in district heating and cooling

• Naučene lekcije i perspektive iz industrijeLessons learned and perspectives from the industry Paul VOSS, Euroheat & Power, Denmark

17.00–19.00 h • Deo III • Od konvencionalnog do efikasnog daljinskog grejanja na obnovljive izvore energijePart III • From conventional to efficient and renewable-based district heating

• Tehnički izazovi i rešenja za integraciju niskotemperaturnih toplotnih izvora u postojeće mreže i zgradeTechnical challenges and solutions for the integration of low-grade heat sources into existing networks and buildings Aalborg University, Denmark

• Studija slučaja iz BeogradaCase study from BelgradeLily RIAHI, UN Environment (TBC)


Kraj prvog dana / End of day one

This session is sponsored by the International Renewable Energy Agency – IRENA and organised in partnership with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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ANEKS A • Annex A

14.00–18.00 h XI. FIZIKA ZGRADA I ENERGETSKA EFIKASNOST

Building pysics and energy efficiencyPredsedavajući – Chairs

B. Švarc, J. Skoković, C. Balaras

Ključna predavanja • Keynote lectures

80. Standardi o energiji u zgradama koje su objavili CEN i ISO. Set sandarda o energetskim osobinama zgrada Building energy related standards as have been published by CEN and ISO. The set of EPB standards Jaap HOGELING, ISSO, The Neterlands

81. Merenje osobina fizike zgrada kalibrisanim modelima simulacije Measuring Building Physics Properties with Calibrated Simulation Models Ljubomir JANKOVIĆ, University of Hertfordshire, City Hatfield, UK

82. Analiza vezane energije u proceni životnog veka grčkih zdrada Analysis of the embodied energy in the building life cycle assessment of Hellenic buildings Constantinos A. BALARAS, Elena G. DASCALAKI, Poulia ARGIROPOULOU, Kalliopi G. DROUTSA, Simon KONTOYIANNIDIS, Dimitris KOUBOGIANNIS

83. Eksperimentalno i numeričko određivanje koeficijenta prolaženja toplote kroz šestokomorni dvostruko zastakljeni PVC prozor sa argonskom ispunom Experimental and numerical examination of the thermal transmittance of the PVC window frame of six cavities with double glazed glass filled with argon Aleksandar KIJANOVIĆ, Nedžad RUDONJA, Milan GOJAK

84. Pregled analize troškovno-optimalnih nivoa minimalnih zahteva za energetskim performansama nestambenih zgrada u Srbiji Review of cost-optimal levels analysis of minimum energy performance requirements for non-residential buildings in Serbia Martin ELEZOVIĆ, Milica JOVANOVIĆ-POPOVIĆ, Branislav ŽIVKOVIĆ

85. Oblikovanjem poljoprivrednog objekta-sistema oslanjajući se na bioklimatske karakteristike tradicionalnih vojvođanskih kuća radi prilaza statusu nula emisiije CO2 Shaping the model of farming system facility relying on the bioclimatic features of traditional vojvodina houses to approach zero CO2 emission status Jovana STANIŠIĆ

86. Unapređenje energetske efikasnosti postojeće zgrade u Beogradu primenom zelenog krova Application of green roof for increasing the energy efficiency of the existing building in Belgrade Dragoslav ŠUMARAC, Zoran PEROVIĆ, Stanko ĆORIĆ, Snežana ISAKOVIĆ

87. Uticaj omotača zgrada na potrošnju energije u zgradama Influence of building envelope on building energy consumption J. SKERLIĆ, D. NIKOLIĆ, D. CVETKOVIĆ, A. MIŠKOVIĆ

88. Uticaj različitih parametara sistema za grejanje sanitarne vode na potrošnju energije u zgradi Influence of different parameters in dhw system on building energy consumption Danijela NIKOLIĆ, Jasmina SKERLIĆ, Jasna RADULOVIĆ, Vanja ŠUŠTERŠIČ, Nebojša JURIŠEVIĆ, Dragan CVETKOVIĆ

89. Uticaj brzine vetra i insolacije na potrošnju energije zgrade Influence of wind speed and insolation on heat consumption in building Tomasz CHOLEWA

90. Parametri lokacije i energetska efikasnost u zgradarstvu Location parameters and energy efficiency in buildings Nebojša LUKIĆ, Aleksandar NEŠOVIĆ, Filip GRBOVIĆ, Novak NIKOLIĆ, Dragan TARANOVIĆ


Chairs: N. Lukić, U. Milovančević, T. Cholewa91. Koeficijent prolaza toplote spoljašnje granične površine zgrade u

teoriji i praksi Exterior boundary surface heat transfer coefficient of the building in theory and practice Mile S. ŠILJAK

92. Neolepenizam kao tip energetski efikasne arhitekture Neolepenism as a type of energy efficient architecture Nenad MILORADOVIĆ

93. Procena energetske efikasnosti novoizgrađene bolničke zgrade u Rumuniji Energy efficiency assessment of a newly built hospital building in Romania Ioan Silviu DOBOȘI, Cristina-Mariana TĂNASĂ, Silviana BRATA, Ștefan DUNĂ, Nicoleta KABA

94. Izazovi i iskustva građenja jedne bolničke zgrade u Rumuniji Challenges and experiences with the construction of a hospital building in Romania Ioan Silviu DOBOȘI, Dragoș MIHĂILĂ, Laura TROI, Daniel TEODORESCU, Alexandru HORDILĂ

95. Razvoj višekriterijumskog modela zaštite kulturnog graditeljskog nasleđa u Srbiji sa aspekta energetske sanacije objekata Developing multi-criteria model for the protection of cultural built heritage in Serbia from the aspect of energy recovery of the buildings Ana STANOJEVIĆ, Mimica MILOŠEVIĆ, Dušan MILOŠEVIĆ, Branko AJ TURNŠEK, Ljiljana JEVREMOVIĆ

96. Sistemi za grejanje, hlađenje i klimatizaciju jedne velike katedrale u Bukureštu – izazovi, analiza i rešenja Heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems in a very large cathedral in Bucharest: challenges, analysis and solutions Stefan C. STANESCU, Adrian SOPRONI, Mihai RADULY

20.00 h BANKET • Banquet

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Japanski salon • Japanese room

9.00–11.00 • Deo IV • Omogućavanje okvirnih uslova, finansiranja i poslovnih modelaPart IV • Enabling Framework Conditions, Financing and Business Models

• Vlasnička struktura, finansiranje i regulativa: Isksutva i inovativni pristupiOwnership structure, financing, and regulation: Experience and innovative approachesPrezentacija: UniverzitetAalborg / IRENA

• Izazovi i rešenja za finansiranje obnovjlivih izvora energije i efikasnih sistema daljinskog grejanjaChallenges and solutions for financing renewable energy and efficient district energy systemsGreg GEBRAIL, Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj

• Iz ugla privatnog sektoraPerspectives from the private sectorEirikur BRAGASON, predsedavajući i osnivač, Arctic Green Corporation Europe

11.00–11.30 • Kafe pauza i osveženje / Coffee break and refreshments

• Analiza tržišta obnovljivih izvora energije u Jugoistočnoj EvropiRenewable energy market analysis for Southeastern EuropeEmanuele BIANCO, Emanuele BIANCO, Međunarodna agencija za energiju iz obnovljivih izvora / International Renewable Energy Agency (TBC)

12.00–13.30 • Deo V • Tehnički izazovi i rešenja za integraciju obnovljivih izvora toplotne energije u nove i postojeće mreže za daljinsko grejanje i hlađenjePart V • Technical challenges and solutions for the integration of renewable heat sources into new and existing district heating and cooling networks

• Tehnički izazovi i rešenja za integrisanje niskotempereaturnih geotermalnih energetskih izvora: šta smo naučili od Francuske i u Panonskoj nizijiTechnical challenges and solutions for integrating low-temperature geothermal energy resources: lessons learned from France and the Pannonian BasinMiklos ANTICS, predsednik Evropskog saveta za geotermalnu energiju / President, European Geothermal Energy Council

• Tehnički izazovi i inovativna rešenja za integrisanje solar termala u daljinsko grejanje i hlađenjeTechnical challenges and innovative solutions for integrating solar thermal into district heating and coolingRepresentative from SOLID (TBD)

• Perspektiva za daljinsko hlađenjePerspectives for district coolingRepresentative from Danfoss (TBC)


13.30–13.40 • Završno obraćanje: IRENA / EBRD Closing Remarks: IRENA / EBRD

Ručak / Kraj konferencije • Lunch / End of Conference

This session is sponsored by the International Renewable Energy Agency – IRENA and organised in partnership with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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ANEKS B • Annex B

Session XIII • FORUM

09.30–12.30 h XII. KVALITET UNUTRAŠNJE SREDINE – MODELIRANJE, KONTROLA I UTICAJ NA ZADOVOLJSTVO KORISNIKA

Indoor environment quality – modelling, control and impact on occupants satisfaction

Predsedavajući – Chairs A. Anđelković, N. Pivac, D. Ličina


97. Kvalitet unutrašnje sredine i zadovoljstvo korisnika u zeleno sertifikovanim zgradama Indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction in green certified buildings Dušan LIČINA, Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne – EPFL, Switzerland

98. Uticaji temperature i kvaliteta unutrašnje sredine na kvalitet kancelarijskog i školskog rada Thermal and indoor air quality effects on the performance of office work and schoolwork Pawel WARGOCKI

99. Globalni pokret WELL The global WELL movement Veronika FÖLDVÁRY LIČINA

100. ENVIRA – platforma za kvalitet unutrašnje sredine – konstrukcija senzorskog čvora ENVIRA – Indoor Environment Quality Platform – sensor node construction Igor MUJAN

101. Korišćenje prenosnih senzornih uređaja za procenu stope metabolizma The use of the wearable sensory devices for metabolic rate estimation Nikolina PIVAC, Sandro NIŽETIĆ, Tamara BAJC, Vlasta ZANKI, Agis. M. PAPADOPOULOS

102. Promjena termičke ugodnosti u fazi zagrijavanja unutrašnjosti putničkog vozila Change of the thermal comfort level during the heat up phase of a vehicle passenger compartment Svetozar GRAHOVAC, Julia GRAHOVAC

103. Napredne kontrolne logike za vazdušne terminale opremljene sa senzorima koji koriste termičku disperziju Advanced controls logic for VAV air terminals equipped with thermal dispersions sensors Sonny VIDOVIĆ


104. Procena uslova unutrašnje sredine u prirodno ventilisanim nestambenim zgradama Assessment of indoor environment conditions in naturally ventilated non-residential buildings Panagiota ANTONIADOU, Agis M. PAPADOPOULOS

105. Vlažnost vazduha u štamparskoj industriji: kontrola uslova sredine radi kvalitetnog štampanja bez zaustavljanja mašina Air humidity in the printing industry: control of ambient conditions for quality printing and no machinery stoppage Massimiliano MAISTRO

106. Modeliranje unutrašnje klime i ekonomska analiza energetske obnove crkve Device Marije The indoor climate modeling and the economic analysis regarding the energetic rehabilitation of church – the assumption church of the Virgin Mary Florin-Emilian ȚURCANU, Marina VERDEȘ, Vasilică CIOCAN, Diana ANCAȘ, Cristian CHERECHEȘ, Mihai PROFIRE, Marius BALAN, Răzvan Silviu LUCIU, Sebastian-Valeriu HUDIȘTEANU

107. Integracija simulacije unutrašnjeg termalnog komfora radnog prostora i tehnologije virtuelne realnosti (VR) Integration of indoor thermal comfort simulation and virtual reality technology (VR) Sanja DUBLJEVIĆ, Jelena KIĆANOVIĆ, Aleksandar ANĐELKOVIĆ

14.00–14.30 h ZAVRŠNA REČ • Closing address: Prof. Dr Branislav Todorović

14.30 h OPROŠTAJNI RUČAK • Farewell Lunch

12.00–14.30 h XIII. FORUM – OBNOVLJIVIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE INTEGRISANIM ENERGETSKIM RENOVIRANJEM VELIKIH VIŠENAMENSKIH OBJEKATA DO NULA EMISIJE CO2

KONAČNA DISKUSIJA U CILJU PRILAZA REZIMEU I IZVESNIM ZAKLJUČCIMA

12.00–14.30 h XIII. FORUM – VIA RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES INTEGRATED REFURBISHMENT TO ZERO CO2 EMISSIONS LARGE MULTIPURPOSE BUILDINGS

FINAL DISCUSSION WITH AN AIM TO APPROACH SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

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Zbornik rezimeaBook of abstracts

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2*

POREĐENJE EFIKASNIH SISTEMA U RAZLIČITIM KLIMATSKIM USLOVIMAEFFICIENT SYSTEMS COMPARED IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES

Alexander Cohr PACHAI Johnson Controls Denmark

Danas se vode brojne debate o tome koji rashladni sistem i koji rashladni fluid treba koristiti. Izgleda da postoji

tendencija da se ukaže na sve prednosti CO2, ali kakvi su sistemi u kojima se koristi CO2 u poređenju sa drugim

rešenjima? Takođe, da li je CO2 jedino rešenje za sve klimatske zone? U ovom tekstu ćemo napraviti objektivno

poređenje rešenja koja se koriste u različitim klimatskim zonama pod određenim datim uslovima. Razmatraćemo

pretpostavke koje koristimo da objasnimo kako se procenjuje efikasnost sistema, a i da objasnimo terminologiju koja često

zbunjuje mnoge korisnike.

Today, there is much debate about which refrigeration system and which refrigerant to use. There seems to be a tendency to highlight all the benefits of CO2 – but how do various CO2 systems compare to other solutions? – and is CO2 the only solution in all climate zones? In this text, we will make a sober comparison of the solutions used in different climate zones under some given conditions. The assumptions we use will be discussed to spread a light on how to estimate the efficiency of the systems as well as the terminology, which often confuses many customers.

Ključne reči: rashladni sistemi; CO2; klimatske zone Key words: cooling systems; CO2; climate zones

* Broj rada u programu / Paper No. in Program

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3INTEGRISANO ODRŽIVO PROJEKTOVANJE ZGRADA

INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGNZoltan MAGYAR

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

Rad prikazuje kombinovano označavanje zgrada koje obuhvata aspekte energije, kvalitet unutrašnje sredine i

ugodnost. Razvoj predloženog kombinovanog označavanja odvija se kroz projekat TripleA-reno, čiji je cilj podsticanje

dubinskog obnavljanja stambenih zgrada

The paper demonstrates combined labelling of buildings, which includes energy, indoor environmental and well-being aspects. The development of the proposed combined labelling is in progress in TripleA-reno project, which aim is to encourage the deep renovation of residential buildings.

Ključne reči: unutrašnja sredina; ugodnost; kombinovano označavanje

Key words: indoor environment, well-being, combined labelling

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5TOTALNI ENERGETSKI SISTEM (TES) PRIJE 50 GODINA I DANAS

TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEM (TES) 50 YEARS AGO AND TODAYPeter NOVAK

Fakulteta za strojništvo, Univerza Novo mesto

U radu je dat kratak pregled sadržaja referata „Totalni energetski sistem“ održanog prije 50 godina na 1. Seminaru KGH u kojem su bila, kao vir energije, predvidjena fosilna

goriva. Kako se za proteklih 50 godina ništa bitno nije promenilo u samim principima TES-a, osim IoT, koji

omogučuje optimizirano upravljanje sistemom, dodaje se pregled mogućnosti upotrebe OIE za izgradnju TES.

Upotrebom novih tehnologija naročito je prihvatljiva za njihovu izgradnju biomasa, jer ona omogučuje neprekidan

rad sistema i veliku fleksibilnost. Na osnovu najnovijeg razvijenog gasifikatora za drvne sećke sa kogeneracijom i

primenom serijskih apsorpcionih rashladnih uredjaja, moguče je stvoriti TES za potpuno nazavisno, fleksibilno distribuirano proizvodnju struje, toplote i hlada sa minimalnim troškovima.

Time se može ubrzati prelazak sadašnjeg društva na društvo sa cirkulacijom organskog ugljevika. Predloženi sistem se

može upotrebitiu svim zemljama na Svetu, koje posjeduju dovoljno drvnog odpada.

A review of the paper given 50 year ago at the 1st HVACR Seminar based on fossil fuels is presented. Since for the last 50 years no important changes have been made, except the introduction of IoT enabling the optimized system management, the possibilities how to use RES in TES have been explained. By using new developed technologies, biomass is becoming very attractive for TES, enabling continuous operation and great flexibilities. Based on a new developed biomass gasifier for wooden chips with cogeneration abilities and adding an absorption chiller, it is possible to create a self-sustainable TES for distributed production of power, heat and cold with minimum costs. Thus, the transition of today’s society to the organic carbon recycling society can be faster. The proposed system can be used in all countries of the world that have sufficient wooden biomass waste.

Ključne reči: totalni energetski sistem; OIE; distribuirana proizvodnja; eksergetska efikasnost; biomasa; okolina

Key words: total energy system; RES; distributed production; exergy efficiency; biomass; environment

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6RAZMENJIVAČI TOPLOTE ZA DUBOKE BUŠOTINE U SUVIM STENAMA

DEEP BOREHOLE HEAT EXCHANGERS IN DRY ROCKSBojan DROBNJAKOVIĆ, Velimir STEFANOVIĆ, Saša PAVLOVIĆ

Institut za rudarstvo i metalurugiju Bor, Bor, Srbija

Geotermalna energija je obnovljiva energija. Njeno korišćenje je ekološki opravdano. Zemljina kora je pouzdan izvor

energije. Poznato je korišćenje toplotne energije zemljine kore iz plitkih bušotina – SB (izvedenih od 200 m do 500 m dubine) i korišćenje toplotne energije iz dubokih bušotina-

DB (do 2000 m i više). Korišćenje toplotne energije iz zemlje je slabo razvijeno u Srbiji, pogotovo korišćenje toplotne

energije iz dubokih bušotina suvih stena. Radi se o dubokim bušotinama do dubina od 2 km, izvedenih u suvim stenama.

U radu je dat osvrt na nekoliko praktičnih primera u svetu, gde je upotrebljen koaksijalni tip izmenjvača toplote (DBHE)

koji predstavlja bolje rešenje od konvencionalnog U tipa toplotnih razmenjivača koji se koristi u plićim bušotinama

(SBHE). Sa povećanjem dubine, značajno se povećava toplotno opterećenje. Toplotne razmenjivače treba posmatrati

u svetlu korišćenja toplotne energije Zemlje, smanjenju proizvodnje primarne energije i smanjenju

produkcije CO2 u atmosferu.

Geothermal energy is renewable energy. Its use is environmentally justified. The Earth’s crust is a reliable source of energy. The use of thermal energy of the Earth’s crust from shallow boreholes – SB (performed from 200m to 500m depth) is known, and the use of thermal energy from deep boreholes-DB (up to 2000m and more). The use of the heat from the ground is poorly developed in Serbia, especially the use of the heat from deep wells of dry walls. These are deep wells up to a depth of 2 km, made in dry rocks. The paper presents a review of several practical examples in the world, where a coaxial type of heat exchanger (DBHE) is used, which is a better solution than the conventional U heat exchanger types used in shallow boreholes (SBHE). With increasing depth, the heat load significantly increases.Heat exchangers should be viewed in the light of the use of the heat energy of the Earth, reduction of primary energy production and reduction of CO2 production in the atmosphere.

Ključne reči: toplotna energija zemlje; razmenjivači toplote Key words: heat energy from Earth; heat exchangers

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7ANALIZA OPRAVDANOSTI PRIMENE FOTONAPONSKOG SISTEMA U OKVIRU

STUDENTSKOG DOMA U GRADU KRAGUJEVCU (SRBIJA) KORIŠĆENJEM SOFTVERA ZA SIMULACIJU ENERGETSKOG PONAŠANJA ZGRADA

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITHIN A STUDENT DORMITORY IN THE CITY OF KRAGUJEVAC (SERBIA) USING

BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION SOFTWARENovak NIKOLIĆ, Nebojša LUKIĆ, Milisav PRODANOVIĆ, Aleksandar NEŠOVIĆ

Fakultet inženjerskih nauka Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, Kragujevac, Srbija

U ovom radu će se izvršiti procena energetskih i ekonomskih performansi primene fotonaponskog (FN) sistema u okviru studentskog doma u gradu Kragujevcu (Srbija) korišćenjem

softvera za simulaciju energetskog ponašanja zgrada. Za odabrani studentski dom, FN sistem će biti dimenzionisan

prema sledećim zahtevima: da obezbedi minimalne (osnovne) zahteve za električnom energijom za pripremu tople

potrošne vode (TPV) (Slučaj 1); za podmirivanje osnovne potrošnje električne energije električnih uređaja (Slučaj 2) i podmirivanje celokupne potrošnje električne energije za

rad osvetljenja (Slučaj 3). Energetsko ponašanje studentskog doma će biti simulirano uz pomoć softvera EnergyPlus.

Simulacije za realne vremenske podatke za grad Kragujevac (Srbija) će obuhvatiti detaljne godišnje rasporede rada

osvetljenja, električnih uređaja i godišnje šablone prisustva ljudi i potrošnje tople vode. Performanse FN sistema će biti

upoređene sa performansama klasičnog sistema za pripremu tople vode (gasni i električni zagrejač vode) i kogenerativnog

sistema na bazi motora sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem (SUS). Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se identifikuju moguće prepreke

šire primene FN sistema u Srbiji.

This paper deals with the energy and economic performance assessment of application of a photovoltaic (PV) system within a student dormitory in the city of Kragujevac (Serbia) using building energy simulation software. For the selected student dormitory the PV system will be sized according to the following requirements: to provide minimum (base) electric energy requirement for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation (Case 1); to cover base electricity consumption of electrical appliances (Case 2), and to cover all electricity consumption for lighting operation (Case 3). The energy behaviour of the student dormitory will be simulated by using the EnergyPlus software. The simulations performed for real weather data for the city of Kragujevac (Serbia) will include detailed annual operation schedules for lighting, electrical appliances, and annual occupancy and DHW load patterns. The performance of PV system will be compared with the performance of the conventional system for DHW preparation (gas and electric water heater) and internal combustion (IC) engine based cogeneration system. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the possible barriers for widespread application of PV system in Serbia.

Ključne reči: fotonaponski sistem; priprema TPV; stambena zgrada; dinamička simulacija

Key words: photovoltaic system; DHW preparation; residential building; dynamic simulation

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8HIBRIDNI FN/T MODULI U STAMBENIM ZGRADAMA:

STUDIJA SLUČAJA U PODRUČJU SREDOZEMLJAHYBRID PV/T MODULES IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS:

A CASE STUDY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREAElli KYRIAKI1, Sandro NIŽETIĆ2, Agis M. PAPADOPOULOS1

1 Process Equipment Design Laboratory, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Laboratory for Thermodynamics and Energy Efficiency, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Croatia

Evropa se suočava sa raznim izazovima u energetskom i finansijskom sektoru. Nestabilne ekonomske prilike

predstavljaju izvor snažnih poremećaja i kočnicu kontinuiranog rasta evropskih zemalja. Stalno povećavanje

energetskih potreba, uprkos učinjenom napretku tokom prethodnih godina, dovelo je do postupnog iscrpljivanja fosilnih goriva i uništavanja životne sredine. Zbog toga

sprovođenje mera energetske efikasnosti i integracija sistema koji koriste obnovljive izvore energije predstavljaju zahtevne

zadatke na putu ka zgradama nulte energije. Ipak, čak i kada se primene alatke energetski efikasnog projektovanja

zgrada, kao što su dobra zaštita od sunca, toplotna izolacija i korišćenje efikasnih sistema za grejanje, ventilaciju i

klimatizaciju, i dalje treba pokriti velike energetske potrebe za proizvodnju tople vode, za grejanje i klimatizaciju prostora,

kao i potrebe za električnom energijom za osvetljenje i aparate. To se na idealan način može postići pomoću obnovljivih

izvora energije (OIE), pri čemu su primarni kandidati solarni toplotni sistemi i fotonaponski sistemi, budući da

prvi zadovoljavaju niz temperaturnih zahteva, a oba imaju dokazanu efikasnost, pouzdanost i trajnost. U zgradama

sa ambicioznim energetskim ciljevima ili ograničenim raspoloživim prostorom za lokalnu proizvodnju energije,

solarna toplotna i fotonaponska postrojenja bi konačno mogla da budu takmaci u pronalaženju neophodnih površina.

Europe faces challenges in the energy and financial sector. The unstable economic circumstances are a source of intense disturbances and a brake on the continued growth of the European countries. The steadily ongoing increase of the energy demand, despite the progress made over the past years, led to the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the respective environmental degradation. As a result, the implementation of energy efficiency measures, as well as the integration of renewable energy systems, are challenging tasks on the road towards the Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB). Still, even when applying the tools of energy efficient design of buildings, like sound sun-protection, thermal insulation and the use of efficient Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, there is a significant demand for sanitary hot water, space heating and air conditioning, as well as electricity for lighting and appliances that has to be covered. This can be ideally done by means of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with solar thermal systems and photovoltaics being primary candidates, as the former meet the range of temperature requirements and both of those feature a proven efficiency, reliability and durability record. In buildings with ambitious energy targets or limited available areas for local energy generation, solar thermal and photovoltaic plants could eventually compete among them to find necessary surfaces.

Ključne reči: fotonaponski/toplotni kolektori; sunčeva energija; energetska efikasnost; obnovljiva energija

Key words: photovoltaic/thermal collectors; solar energy; energy efficiency; renewable energy

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9OCENA ŽIVOTNOG CIKLUSA SISTEMA

FOTONAPONSKIH MATERIJALA INTEGRISANIH U ZGRADELIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BUILDING-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

Jasna RADULOVIC, Danijela NIKOLIC, Jasmina SKERLIC, Mina VASKOVIC JOVANOVIC, Saša JOVANOVIĆ

Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

Solarna fotonaponska tehnologija (PV) omogućava da se na najperspektivniji i najčistiji način iskoristi solarna energija, jer

generiše električnu energiju na licu mesta, direktno od sunčevog zračenja, kroz fotonaponski efekat solarnih ćelija. Fotonaponski

materijali integrisani u zgrade (BIPV) su fotonaponski materijali koji se koriste da zamene konvencionalne materijale u delovima omotača zgrade, kao što su krovovi, krovni prozori ili fasade. Da bi se objektivno ocenila održivost fotonaponskog

sistema i njegov uticaj na životnu sredinu, istraživači koriste metodu analize životnog ciklusa, kako bi procenili ekološke

prednosti i energetsku dobit PV sistema. Ocena životnog ciklusa (LCA), koja uzima u obzir ukupnu investiciju i ukupnu

proizvodnju sistema tokom životnog veka, veoma je važna za procenu performansi životnog ciklusa PV sistema. Energetsko

vreme otplate (EPBT) i emisija štetnih gasova staklene bašte (GHGEs) su najčešće korišćeni indikatori za procenu životnog

ciklusa PV sistema. U ovom radu je dat pregled napretka u istraživanju statusa EPBT i GHGEs sistema fotonaponskih

materijala integrisanih u zgrade. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na prednosti sistema fotonaponskih materijala integrisanih u zgrade, koje se mogu identifikovati, a mogu se pokazati i

izgledi za razvoj ove tehnologije. Međutim, još uvijek postoje neke slabosti u istraživanjima o primeni ovih sistema, kao to

da je ocena životnog ciklusa tipičnih sistema fotonaponskih materijala integrisanih u zgrade još uvek ograničena, dakle,

dugoročni uticaji na okolinu nisu sasvim jasno identifikovani, što će takođe biti istaknuto u radu.

Solar PV technology is the most promising and the cleanest way to harness solar power, because it generates electrical power on-site directly from solar radiation through the photovoltaic effect of the solar cells. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelopes, such as the roofs, skylights or façades. In order to objectively evaluate the sustainability of a photovoltaic system and its impact on the environment, the researchers used life-cycle assessment method to assess the environmental benefits and energy gain of PV systems. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) taking into account the total investment and total system production during the lifetime is helpful to evaluate the life-cycle performance of PV systems. The energy payback time (EPBT) and the greenhouse-gas emissions (GHGEs) are the most frequently used indicators for the LCA of PV systems. In this paper the recent research progress of the status of the EPBT and GHGEs of BIPV systems are reviewed. The objective of this paper is to point out the benefits of BIPV which can be identified, and the prospects of the development of this technology can be also demonstrated. But, there are still some research weaknesses in the application of BIPV, like that the LCA of typical BIPV systems is still limited, therefore, the long-term environmental impacts are not quite clearly identified, which will also be highlighted in this paper.

Ključne reči: fotonaponska tehnologija; fotonaponski materijali integrisani u zgrade; ocena životnog ciklusa

Key words: photovoltaics; building integrated photovoltaics; life-cycle assessment

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10SOLARNA TERMIČKA ENERGIJA U ZGRADARSTVU

– STANJE I PERSPEKTIVESOLAR THERMAL ENERGY FOR BUILDINGS

– CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVESTamara BAJC, Milan GOJAK

Faculty of Mechanical engineering University of Belgrade, Belgrade

Skoro 50% potreba za korišćenjem finalne energije u Evropi i u svetu odnosi se na termičku energiju, što je znatno više u

odnosu na potrebe za električnom energijom za osvetljenje i pogon električnih uređaja ili za korišćenjem energije u

saobraćaju. Oblast zgradarstva zauzima značajan udeo (oko 40%) u ukupnom korišćenju primarne energije. Ograničene

količine fosilnih goriva, njihov negativan uticaj na životnu sredinu, visoke i nestabilne cene i uvozna zavisnost uticali su na intenzivniji razvoj i povećano korišćenje solarne termičke

energije širom sveta. U svetu, solarno grejanje i hlađenje je najznačajniji solarni sektor, snaga instaliranih sistema iznosi

blizu 500 GWth i veća je od snage fotonaponskih sistema kao i snage solarnih termoelektrana. Prema podacima

IEA SHC (Međunarodna agencija za energiju, program za solarno grejanje i hladjenje) za 2016. godinu, prema ukupnoj

instaliranoj snazi kolektora u svetu prednjači Kina, zatim sledi Evropa, pa SAD. Izgradnjom solarne toplane za daljinsko

grejanje u Pančevu, sa očekivanom isporučenom energijom od oko 600 MWh/god, Srbija takodje ima mesto na mapi sveta

u ovoj oblasti. U radu je dat pregled veličine, broja, snage, tipova solarnih kolektora i drugih karakteristika izgradjenih

solarnih termičkih sistema u svetu. Identifikovan je potencijal za moguću primenu solarnih termičkih sistema i razmatrani su tehnološki i drugi izazovi i perspektive za budući razvoj u

oblasti korišćenja solarne termičke energije u zgradarstvu.

Almost 50% of final energy consumption in Europe and worldwide is addressed to thermal energy, which is significantly higher than energy needs for electricity for lighting and electrical appliances and for traffic. Building sector takes a significant share (about 40%) in total primary energy consumption. Limited amounts of fossil fuels, their negative impact on environment, high and unstable prices and import dependency of fuels caused intensive growth and usage of solar thermal energy in the world. Solar heating and cooling are the most important solar sector worldwide, where installed solar system power is about 500 GWth and it is higher than PV system power and also the power of solar thermal plants. Today, according to the total installed collector capacity, China dominates on first place, then Europe, while United States comes right after, according to the SHC Agency data for 2016. With a district solar thermal plant in municipality Pančevo, Republic of Serbia also has its place at a world solar thermal map. This paper presents a review of different sizes, number, installed power and types of solar collectors and other characteristics of built solar thermal systems worldwide. Potential for possible usage of solar thermal system was identified and technological and other challenges and perspectives for future growth in the field of solar thermal energy were discussed.

Ključne reči: solarna termička energija; zgradarstvo; stanje i perspektive

Key words: solar thermal energy; buildings; state and perspectives

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11RAZMENJIVAČ GEOTERMALNE TOPLOTE SA SPECIJALNOM GEOMETRIJOM

– OPIS I MODEL PRORAČUNAGEOTHERMAL HEAT EXCHANGER WITH SPECIAL GEOMETRY

– DESCRIPTION AND CALCULATION MODELAndreea Irina BARAN, Theodor MATEESCU

1 Department of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Iasi, Romania

U uobičajenim tehničkim rešenjima, razmenjivači geotermalne toplote se prave sa jednom ili više horizotanlnih polietilenskih cevi na dubini od 1,2 do 1,8 metra od površine

zemlje u obliku zatvorenih kola dužine do 100 m – ili vertikalno postavljeni – u bušotinama obima od 15 mm do

400 mm i na dubini od 15 do 280 m. U svim ovim rešenjima transportne cevi imaju stalan obim od 32–45 mm čvorišta

u toplotnoj pumpi ili u razvodniku – kolektoru. Fluks prenesene toplote varira duž cevi i stvara neravnometan

pritisak na masivno tlo. Realizacija razmenjivača toplote sa promenljivom geometrijom, koji se sastoje od izolovanih

modula i koji imaju prenosne površine koje su obrnuto proporcionalne prosečnoj radnoj temperaturi agensa,

rezultuje uniformizaciji termalnih polja, čime se osigurava uravnoteležen utovar velike mase homogenizacijom toplotne

gustine, te se stoga smanjuju površine zemljišta i dužina bušenja za arrangement of the source. Sa konstruktivnog

stanovišta, mogu se napraviti u različitim oblicima, sa razlikom u konstrukciji površina za prenos toplote i kanala za crikulaciju radnog agensa. U ovom radu će biti prikazan

takav razmenjivač geotermalne toplote.

In the usual technical solutions, geothermal heat exchangers are made with one or more horizontal polyethylene pipes – at depths of 1.2-1.8 m from the surface of the ground in the form of closed loops at lengths of up to 100 m – or vertically mounted – in boreholes with diameters starting from 15 mm and up to 400 mm and depths between 15 and 280 m. In all these solutions the transport pipes have a constant diameter of 32-45 mm of the junction points at the heat pump or at a distributor – collector. The transferred heat flux varies along the pipes, causing uneven stress on the massive soil. The realization of heat exchangers with variable geometry, consisting of insulated modules, having the transfer surfaces in an inverse ratio proportional to the average working agent temperature, results in the uniformization of the thermal fields, ensuring the balanced loading of the massive mass by homogenizing the thermal density and consequently reducing the surfaces of the land, respectively the length of drilling needed for the arrangement of the source. From the constructive point of view, they can be made in different forms, differentiated by the way of construction of the heat transfer surfaces and the channels for the circulation of the working agent. In this paper we will present such a geothermal heat exchanger.

Ključne reči: promenljiva geometrija; razmenjivač geotermalne toplote; uniformizacija termalnih polja

Key words: variable geometry; geothermal heat exchanger; uniformization of the thermal fields

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12UNAPREĐENO SKLADIŠTENJE TOPLOTE

ZA GREJANJE I HLAĐENJE RENOVIRANIH ZGRADAAN IMPROVED THERMAL STORAGE FOR

HEATING AND COOLING OF REFURBISHED BUILDINGSUroš STRITIH, Rok KOŽELJ, Eva ZAVRL, Urška MLAKAR

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Oko 40% finalne energije koristi se za grejanje i hlađenje zgrada. Od toga se čak 75% koristi za stambene zgrade.

Neophodno je napraviti pomak i smanjiti ovaj udeo u potrošnji energije, naročito primenom efikasnih tehnologija i

njihovom integracijom u sistem renoviranja stambenih zgrada, što predstavlja najveći izazov za buduća istraživanja u ovoj oblasti. U ovom radu je prikazan predmet HEART projekta uokviru Programa za istraživanje i inovacije Evropske unije

pod nazivom Horizon 2020. Skraćenica HEART označava programski alat za energetsku i arhitektonsku rekonstruciju, pri čemu je cilj projekta da se poboljša energetska efikasnost

pomoću holističkog i multitehnološkog integrisanog i međupovezanog sistema za rekonstrukciju stambenih

zgrada. Važnu potkomponentu ovog programskog alata čini izuzetno efikasan rezervoar za skladištenje vode, čiju glavnu

karakteristiku predstavlja njegova kompaktna struktura. Ovakvu strukturu omogućava primena vrhunski izolovanog

kućišta i fazno promenljivih materijala (FPM) u skladištenju vode. Glavna prednost primene tehnologije za skladištenje vode jeste da se reši problem vremenske razlike energetskih

potreba i mogućnosti proizvodnje energije od obnovljivih izvora energije, kao što je sunčeva energija. Sunčeva energija kao izvor energija može se koristiti tokom dana, kada ga ima

više nego što je potrebno, te je čuvamo za period kada nema sunčeve energije, ali kada postoji potreba za enegijom. Time

se takođe poboljšava korišćenje sunčeve energije za pogon toplotne pumpesa istosmernom strujom, koja je još jedna

potkomponenta ovog programskog alata.

40% of the final energy is used for heating and cooling of buildings. Of this, as much as 75% is used in residential buildings. It is necessary to take a step forward and reduce this share of energy consumption, in particular by using efficient technologies and integrating them into the system of renovation of residential building, which is a major challenge for the future research in this field. In present paper the subject matter of HEART project within the EU Research and innovation program Horizon 2020 is presented. HEART stands for holistic energy and architectural retrofit toolkit, where the aim of this project is to improve energy efficiency with a holistic and multi-technological integrated and interconnected system for retrofit of residential buildings. An important subcomponent of this toolkit is high-efficiency water storage tank, where one of the key features is their compact structure. The use of high-insulating casing and PCM in water storage, allows us such structure. The main advantage of using heat storage technologies is to solve the problem of time divergence of energy demand and the possibility of producing energy from renewable sources, such as solar energy. Solar energy as a resource can be used during the day, when we have it more than we need it and therefore we save it for the period when we do not have a solar source, but we will need energy. This also improves the use of solar energy to run DC heat pump which is another sub-component of the toolkit.

Ključne reči: HEART; skladištenje latentne toplote; FPM; grejanje i hlađenje; rekonstrukcija stambene zgrade

Key words: HEART; latent heat storage; PCM; heating and cooling; retrofit of residential building

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13 POBOLJŠANJE MAPE SOLARNOG POTENCIJALA:

ODBACIVANJE MERENJA NETO POTROŠNJE ENERGIJE, A PRIHVATANJE KRIVE POTRAŽNJE I LOKALNOG VREMENA

IMPROVING SOLAR POTENTIAL MAP: DITCHING NET-METERING, EMBRACING DEMAND CURVE AND LOCAL WEATHERMarko KOVAČ, Gašper STEGNAR, Boris SUČIĆ, Stane MERŠE

Centre for Energy Efficiency/Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia

Ovim istraživanjem se proširuje pristup “odozdo prema gore” kako bi se odredili troškovi ulaganja za autonomne Solar Plus sisteme. Postojeće solarne mape obično koriste šemu merenja neto potrošene energije i posmatraju električnu

mrežu kao jednu džinovsku bateriju. Međutim, sa povećanom proizvodnjom solarnih proizvoda, to može da napravi dodatno

opterećenje na mreži. Pored toga, da bi se dobili rezultati na nivou cele zemlje, analizirano je više vremenskih prilika

(obrazaca) dobijenih iz različitih meteoroloških stanica, koji su takođe dali različite krive potražnje. Opseg ovog istraživanja je, prema tome, u velikoj meri proširen izračunavanjem svih raspoloživih meteoroloških podataka u formi tipične godine

za Sloveniju, koji se sastoje od 23 tačke unosa podataka koje su ravnomerno raspoređene u celoj Sloveniji. Međutim, ove tačke se prilično razlikuju – neke stanice su postavljene

u gradovima, dok se druge nalaze u malim selima ili na značajnim lokacijama (to jest, u planinskim odmaralištima ili

na aerodromima). Tačke se takođe razlikuju po nadmorskoj visini (od nekoliko metara do preko 2500 m) i pokrivaju

različite klimatske zone. Veći deo Slovenije se prostire u zoni sa kontinentalnom klimom (oznake Dfb i Dfb po Kepen-

Gajgerovoj klasifikaciji klime) sa hladnom zimom i toplim letom, uz delove sa suptropskom klimom u primorju (oznake

Cfa i Cfb). Neka planinska područja imaju klimu tundre (ET).

The research expands the bottom-up approach to determine investment cost for self-sufficient Solar Plus systems. Existing solar maps usually utilize net-metering scheme and treat electricity grid as giant battery. However, with increased solar production, this might put an additional strain to the grid. In addition, to obtain national wide results, multiple weather patterns obtained from different meteorological stations were analyzed which also resulted in different demand curves. The scope of the research was therefore largely increased by calculating all available meteorological data in form of a typical year for Slovenia, which consist of 23 data points evenly spread all over Slovenia. However, those points vary quite a bit – some stations are positioned in the cities and towns, while others are located in small villages or places of interests (i.e., mountain resorts or airports). The points also vary in altitude (from few meters to over 2500 m) and cover different climate zones. The majority of Slovenia lies in continental zone (described with Dfb and Dfb by Köppen-Geiger climate classification) with cold winters and warm summers, with some subtropical climate at the coastal areas (Cfa and Cfb). Some mountain areas have tundra climate (ET).

Ključne reči: Solar Plus; merenje neto potrošnje energije; klimatski i meteorološki podaci; kriva potražnje;

troškovi ulaganja

Key words: Solar Plus; net-metering; climate and weather data; demand curve; investment costs

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14IZBOR NAJPOVOLJNIJE INTERVENCIJE SISTEMA PASIVNOG SOLARNOG ZAHVATA

ZA POBOLJŠANJE ENERGETSKIH PERFORMANSI POSTOJEĆIH ŠKOLSKIH ZGRADA U NIŠU, SRBIJA

SELECTION OF THE MOST FAVOURABLE INTERVENTION OF PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF

EXISTING SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN NIŠ, SERBIADušan J. RANĐELOVIĆ1, Miomir S. VASOV1, Marko G. IGNJATOVIĆ2,

Mirko M. STOJILJKOVIĆ2, Veliborka B. BOGDANOVIĆ1,1 Građevinsko-arhitektonski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Niš, Srbija

2 Mašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Niš, Srbija

Energetska efikasnost kroz potencijal obnove postojećih zgrada predstavlja najveći energetski resurs. Trenutno stanje

energetske efikasnosti u Srbiji u oblasti javnih zgrada je zabrinjavajuće, što pruža puno mogućnosti za dodatna

poboljšanja i uštedu energije. Analizapostojećih osnovnih škola u Srbiji jedan je od ključnih segmenata za unapređenje

energetskih performansi građevinskog fonda. U radu je izvršena analiza strategija pasivnog solarnog zahvata (PSZ) u

cilju poboljšanja energetskih performansi postojećih školskih zgrada. Pored pregleda literature, ova studija je koristila detaljno modeliranje i parametrijsku metodu zasnovanu na kompjuterskoj simulaciji postojećih osnovnih škola u

Nišu, Srbija.Parametarske alternative uključuju intervencije na omotaču zgrade (toplotna izolacija, karakteristike

zastakljenja), kao i parametre koji se odnose na strategije PSZ (posebno Trombov zid, dvostruka fasada i zeleni krov). Cilj

ove studije je razvoj optimalnog modela energetske sanacije u procesu revitalizacije analiziranih zgrada. Rezultati potrošnje energije pre i posle implementacije strategija PSZ dobijaju se

na osnovu simulacija sprovedenih pomoću softverskih paketa SketchUp i EnergyPlus.

Energy efficiency is the largest energy resource, especially through the potential for renovation of existing buildings. The current state of energy efficiency in Serbia in the field of public buildings is of high concern, which gives a lot of opportunities for improvements and energy savings. The analysis of the fund of existing primary schools in Serbia is one of the key segments for further consideration of energy innovation issues. This paper discusses the passive solar design (PSD) strategies in order to improve energy performance of existing school buildings. In addition to the literature review, this study used a detailed modelling and parametric method based on computer simulation of existing primary schools in Niš, Serbia. Parametric alternatives include interventions on building envelope (thermal insulation, glazing characteristics), as well as parameters related to PSD strategies (specifically Trombe Wall, double skin façade and green roof). The aim of this study is to develop and determine the optimal model of energy rehabilitation in the process of revitalization of analyzed buildings. The results of the energy consumption before and after the implementation of the PSD strategies are obtained by simulations using SketchUp and EnergyPlus software packages.

Ključne reči: školske zgrade; pasivni solarni zahvat; parametarska studija; energetska simulacija; energetske

performanse

Key words: school buildings; passive solar design; parameters; energy simulation; energy performance

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15UTICAJ IZBORA SISTEMA GREJANJA I KLIMATIZACIJE

PORODIČNOG STAMBENOG OBJEKTA NA MOGUĆNOST POSTIZANJA ZGRADE GOTOVO/PRIBLIŽNO NULTE POTROŠNJE ENERGIJE U SRBIJI

IMPACT OF HVAC SYSTEM SELECTION ON POSSIBILITY TO REACH NEARLY ZERO ENERGY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN SERBIA

Marko G. IGNJATOVIĆ1, Bratislav D. BLAGOJEVIĆ1, Milena B. BLAGOJEVIĆ2

1 Mašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Niš, Srbija2 Departman za arhitekturu, Univerziteta u Firenci, Firenca, Italija

Sektor zgradarstva u Srbiji je energetski najintenzivniji ekonomski sektor sa podacima koji pokazuju da se skoro 50% finalne energije troši upravo u ovom sektoru, od čega najveći

deo za potrebe grejanja i hlađenja. Nove direktive EU koje se odnose na energetsku efikasnost i racionalno gazdovanje energijom zahtevaju da svi novi objekti, ali i objekti koje se rekonstruišu, budu objekti sa približno nultom potrošnjom

energije (nZEB). Iako je procenat zanavljana fonda svih objekata nizak, čak i u najrazvijenijim ekonomijama, i iako

je potencijal postizanja nZEB pri rekonstrukciji postojećih objekata daleko veći u poređenju sa novim objektima, izbor sistema KGH prilikom projektovanja novih objekata može

da predstavlja prekretnicu za postizanje cilja, tj. obezbeđenje približno nulte potrošnje energije. U ovom radu su analizirane

energetske performanse jednog tipa stambenog objekta, sa različitim kombinacijama primarnih i sekundarnih sistema

grejanja i klimatizacije, za različite termofizičke osobine omotača objekta, ali i za više lokacija od severa do juga

Srbije. U svim analiziranim slučajevima, potrebna energija za zagrevanje i hlađenje objekta je, bilansno na godišnjem

nivou, upoređivana sa električnom energijom proizvodenom iz fotonaponske centrale smeštene na krovu objekta. Rezultati pokazuju da je proizvedenaenergija dovoljna za zadovoljenje

potreba za grejanjem i hlađenjem posmatrano sa stanovišta primarne energije.

The building sector in Serbia is the most energy intensive of all economic sectors with some data showing that the buildings are accounted for nearly 50% of final energy consumption of the country, with a large portion of that energy consumption related to covering building heating and cooling needs. New EU Directives covering energy efficiency and energy use target the refurbishment of existing buildings, as well as the construction of new ones in a direction to represent nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Although the building stock turnover rate is very low, even in the most developed countries, and although the energy retrofits of existing building stock towards nearly Zero Energy Buildings are becoming more important compared to new buildings, the HVAC system selection while designing new buildings could be the corner-stone for achieving nZEB goals. In this paper, energy performance of one residential building type in Serbia was analyzed with different combinations of HVAC secondary and primary systems, with several levels of building envelope thermal properties, as well as for several locations spreading north-south across Serbia. The heating and cooling energy consumption in all cases was contrasted with electricity produced from roof-mounted PV central, and it was found that electricity produced from the roof area is more than enough to balance the energy consumption, from the primary energy perspective.

Ključne reči: nZEB; sistemi KGH; stambeni objekti; EnergyPlus; Srbija

Key words: nZEB; HVAC systems; residential building; EnergyPlus; Serbia

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16STUDIJA O PRIMENI OBNOVLJIVE ENERGIJE

U ADMINISTRATIVNIM ZGRADAMASTUDY REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

IN ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGSMarius BALAN, Răzvan LUCIU, Mihai PROFIRE, Sebastian HUDISTEANU,

Iulian GHERASIM, Emilian ȚURCANU“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services,

Department of Building Services, Jassy, Romania

U radu je prikazana studija o primeni nekonvencionalnih (obnovljivih) izvora energije kako bi se obezedili paremetri

unutrašnjeg komfora u administrativnim zgradama. Primena nekonvencionalnih izvora energije takođe predstavlja poseban

izazov u administrativnim zgradama. Studija slučaja pokazuje primenjen plan osiguranja toplotne energije za

grejanje i potrošnju tople vode na osnovu poređenja rešenja koja koriste energiju iz biomase i energiju dobijenu pomoću

toplotne pumpe, u oba slučaja sa solarnim kolektorima.

The paper presents a study on the use of unconventional (renewable) energy sources to ensure interior comfort parameters at administrative buildings. The use of unconventional energy sources is particularly a real challenge at the level of administrative buildings. The case study shows an applied thermal energy insurance scheme for heating and hot water consumption based on comparative solutions between energy from biomass and energy from heat pump, both with solar collectors.

Ključne reči: sistem; komfor; nekonvencionalna energija; analiza

Key words: system; comfort; unconventional energy; analysis

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17FNIZ (FOTONAPONSKI INTEGRISANE ZGRADE) PUTEM PAMETNE MREŽE, TOPLOTNIM

PUMPAMA TOPLOTNA UPOTREBA SUBGEOTERMALNE ENERGIJE, NAPUŠTENIM RUDNICIMA SKLADIŠTENJE ENERGIJE I VANZEMALJSKA PROIZVODNJA ENERGIJE

VELIKIH RAZMERA ZA UBLAŽAVENJE GLOBALNOG ZAGREVANJARURBAN BIPV VIA SMART GRID, HEAT PUMPS SUBGEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE,

ABANDONED MINES ENERGY STORAGE AND LARGE SCALE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL/SPACE POWER GENERATION FOR GLOBAL WARMING MITTIGATION

Marija S. TODOROVIĆGuest Prof. Southeast University, Nanjing China, CEO vea-invi. ltd, Belgrade

Da bi se sprečile globalne klimatske promene, pored neprekidnog istraživanja i razvoja u cilju unapređenja i širenja masovnog

korišćenja solarnih fotonaponskih panela integrisanih u zgradama/kućama u prigradskim oblastima i kao i širenja ostalih tehnologija koje koriste OIE (obnovljive izvore energije), neophodno je pronaći

odgovarajuće šeme koje su zasnovane na cirkularnoj ekonomiji i koje obezbeđuju povezanost složenih sistema iz više sektora u cilju

održivog korišćenja resursa na Zemlji i rurbanog razvoja, zaštite životne sredine i oporavka već narušene životne sredine. Isprekidana

raspoloživost i promenljiva količina većine vrsta obnovljivih izvora energije zahtevaju skladištenje energije. Za korišćenje OIE velikih

razmera neophodni su veliki sistemi za skladištenje i veliki kapaciteti skladištenja. Širom sveta mnogi napušteni rudnici (uglja ili

minerala) pružaju velike kapacitete za skladištenje koji su gotovo već spremni da se direktno koriste za skladištenje energije. Korišćenjem

toplotne energije iz okruženja toplotne pumpe povećavaju energetsku i eksergijsku efikasnost i doprinose smanjenju primarnih energetskih

potreba (naročito toplotne pumpe koje koriste subgeotermalnu energiju omogućavaju visoku efikasnost na godišnjem nivou). Dat

je pregled srodnih tehnologija (studije o podzemnoj vodi, zemlji i energetskim šipovima koji se koriste kao izvor toplote/hladni izvor),

kao i pregled istraživanja i razvoja projektnih metoda u kojima se koriste simulacije karakteristika zgade (BPS) zbog njihove značajne

uloge u optimizaciji učinka fotonaponskih panela (materijala) integrisanih u zgradama preko modelskog prediktivnog upravljanja

na pametnoj mreži za ko– i tri-generaciju distribuirane energije zasnovane na solarnoj energiji u cilju postizanja nulte emisije CO2 i

planiranja prigradskih oblasti koje će proizvoditi više energije nego što troše, uključujući potencijal alkalno metalnog termoelektričnog

pretvaranja (AMTEC), proizvodnju energije u svemiru/na zemlji korišćenjem solarne energije i bežični prenos energije.

In order to stop the global climate changes, in addition to the uninterrupted R&D aimed to advance and spread broad rurban utillization of Solar BIPV and other RES (Renewable Energy Sources) technologies, it is necessary to find relevant circular economy based schemes of multi-sector complex systems linkages for the sustainable Earth resources utilization and rurban development, environmental protection and/or already damaged environment recovery. Interruptible availability and variable quality of most types of RES requires energy storage. Large-scale RES utilization needs large-scale storage systems and large storage volumes. Worldwide, many abandoned mines (of coal or minerals) offer large storage volumes almost ready-made to be used directly for energy storage. Using thermal energy from environment HPs (Heat Pumps) are increasing energy and exergy efficiency and contribute to the reduction of primary energy demand (particularly HPs use of thesubgeothermal energy enables high efficiencies on an annual basis). Related technologies are reviewed (studies on the underground water, ground, and energy piles used as heat sink/heat source, as well as R&D of design methods using BPS (Building Performance Simulation) for its crucial role in the BIPV’s performance optimization via smart-grid modeling predictive control of the solar based distributed energy co– and tri-generation for Zero CO2 emission and Energy Plus Rurban (villages and cities) planning, including a potential of the AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermoelectric Conversion) Solar Space/Terrestrial Power Generation and Wireless Energy Transmission.

Ključne reči: FNIZ; pametne mreže Key words: BIPV; smart grids

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18PRORAČUN TOPLOTNIH BILANSA

PRI KORIŠĆENJU TOPLOTNIH PUMPIHEAT BALANCES BY USING HEAT PUMPS

Peter TOMLEIN, Ivana STANČÍKOVÁSZ CHKT – Slovak Association for Cooling and Aircondotioning Technology,

Šamorín, Slovak Republik

Postoje različite metodologije za izračunavanje toplotnog bilansa. Koriste se dinamičke (detaljne) simulacije,

kvazi-stacionarne metode –metoda mesečnog proračuna, korelaciona (statička) metoda dan-korak sa fiksnom

dužinom grejnog perioda i dinamičke metode sa specifičnim vremenskim korakom – jednostavna metoda proračuna po

satu. Glavni cilj ovog rada je da primeni i pokaže značaj nove metode proračuna po satu (EN ISO 52016-1) u poređenju sa uobičajeno korišćenom metodom mesečnog proračuna. Potrebe energije za grejanje, hlađenje i proizvodnju tople

vode izračunavaju se pomoću softvera Simulation 2018 sa časovnim korakom. Korišćenjem toplotne pumpe sa časovnim

korakom izračunava se intenzitet energije u kući-modelu.

The methodology of heat balance calculation can be different. We use dynamic (detailed) simulations, quasi-stationary methods – monthly method, correlation (static) day-stage method with a fixed heating period length, and also dynamic methods with a specified time step – a simple hourly method. The main aim of this work is to use and demonstrate the importance of the new hour method (EN ISO 52016-1) in comparison with the commonly used monthly method. The energy requirements for heating, cooling and hot water production are calculated using the Simulation 2018 software with an hourly step. Using the heat pump with an hourly step is calculated energy intensity model house.

Ključne reči: toplotna pumpa; metoda proračuna po satu; ventilator

Key words: heat pump; hourly method calculation; fan

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19PREGLED GLAVNIH POJMOVA, KARAKTERISTIKA,

UPOTREBE I METODA PROJEKTOVANJA ENERGETSKIH ŠIPOVAAN OVERVIEW OF ENERGY PILE MAIN CONCEPTS,

CHARACTERISTICS, USE AND DESIGN METHODSMiloš ČOKIĆ1, Marija S. TODOROVIĆ2

1 Fakultet tehničkih nauka Univerziteta u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Srbija2 Gostujući profesor na Fakultetu za energetiku i životnu sredinu,

Southeast University Nanjing, Kina, CEO vea-invi.ltd, Beograd

Energetski šipovi predstavljaju inovativnu tehnologiju za spregu fundiranja konstrukcija i toplotnog korišćenja

subgeotermalne energije putem toplotnih pumpi. Energetski šipovi su šipovi sa ugrađenim sub-geotermalnim cevima tako da temelj zgrade funkcioniše u isto vreme kao skup

konstruktivnih elemenata i komponenata KGH sistema sa toplotnom pumpom za grejanje i hlađenje zgrade. Upotreba

sub-geotermalne energije kao čistog i obnovljivog izvora energije putem energetskih šipova je u stalnom porastu u

svetu od kada je počela njihova upotreba. U ovom radu su date definicije glavnih pojmova, merodavnih karakteristika i načina upotrebe energetskih šipova, a zatim je dat pregled

metoda projektovanja i performansi ovog kompleksnog inženjersko – naučnog problema.

Energy piles represent an innovative technology that incorporates structural foundations and sub-geothermal energy use via heat pump. Energy piles are piles with the integrated sub-geothermal pipes making that the building’s foundation is functioning as a set of construction elements and components of the HVAC system with a heat pump for building heating and cooling. They use geothermal energy as a source for temperature regulation in buildings in an efficient and economical way. The use of geothermal energy as a clean and renewable energy source from pile foundation system is continuously increasing. The paper presents an overview of the main concepts, characteristics, use and design methods of energy piles and performances of this complex engineering – scientific problem.

Ključne reči: energetski šipovi; obnovljivi izvori enegije; sub-geotermalna energija; toplotne pumpe sa tlom kao

izvorom toplote

Key words: energy piles; renewable energy sources; sub-geothermal energy; GSHP

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20KGH NAPAJANJE ENERGIJOM FOTONAPONSKIM I SOLARNIM TERMALNIM SISTEMIMA

ZASNOVANO NA „HETERODOKS“ PRISTUPU EKONOMIJI: STUDIJA SLUČAJA GRADA BEOGRADA

HVAC ENERGY FEEDING BY PHOTOVOLTAIC AND SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS IN URBAN AREA BASED ON HETERODOX APPROACH IN ECONOMICS:

A CASE STUDY OF CITY OF BELGRADEDragan ĐURIČIN, Jovan MIKULOVIĆ, Dragan LONČAR, Radomir ŽIKIĆ

Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

Klimatska kriza je relevantan faktor makromenadžmenta. Povećanje učešća obnovljivih izvora u energetskom miksu može dati rešenje dualnim makroekonomskim ciljevima,

održivom porastu stanovništva i inkluzivnom razvoju planete. U ovoj studiji dajemo predloge ekonomski održivih zamenskih

izvora energije korišćenjem fotonaponskih (FN) i solarnih termalnih sistema (STS) u urbanim sredinama, posebno za

sisteme za KGH u pametnim zgradama. Da bi se to postiglo, navode se empirijski dokazi za Beograd, Srbija, koji koristi lignit kao dominantni izvor energije. Analiza se zasniva na

jednogodišnjim merenjima sunčevog zračenja. Izračunate su količine energije instalisanih FN i STS sistema. Ispitivani su i efekti proizvodnje energije ovih sistema na smanjenje emisije

zagađenja. Izračunata je ekonomska opravdanost pomoću analize trošak-korist. Pokazalo se da postoji dve prepreke:

prva, tehnička ograničenja zbog malo raspoloživog prostora u urbanim sredinama. Druga, i još važnija, uobičajen

ekonomski pogled istovremeno stavlja jedne izvore u oblast besplatnih, a druge daje na prodaju onome ko najviše

plati. Da bi se suočili sa tim drugim izazvom, predlažemo heterdoksan pristup uvođenja novih ekonomskih pravila

inspirisan industrijom 4.0 u platformu novog modela rasta i ekonomske politike.

Climate crisis is macro management relevant factor. Increasing share of renewables in energy mix, can offer solution for dual macro economic goals, sustainable growth for people and inclusive growth for planet. In this study, we developed propositions for economically viable energy substitution by using photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems (STC) in urban areas in particular for HVAC in smart housing. To do that, we provide empirical evidence for city of Belgrade (Serbia) which consumed electrical energy predominantly obtained from lignite. Analysis is based on one year solar irradiance measurement data. The energy production of PV and STC systems of various installed capacities has been calculated. The effects of energy production by solar PVs and STCs on the reduction of pollutant gases emission have also been examined. Economic viability is calculated by using social cost-benefit analysis. We found that implementation has two obstacles: first, technical limitations due to cramped space typical for urban zones. Second and more important, orthodox economic view is putting simultaneously some resources into the status of free goods and other for sale to the highest bidder. To face last challenge, we suggest heterodox approach to translate new economic rules inspired by the Industry 4.0 into new growth model and economic policy platform.

Ključne reči: heterodoks; ekonomija; fotonaponski sistemi; solarni termalni sistemi

Key words: heterodox; economy; photovoltaic systems; solar thermal systems

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21PROCENA IZVODLJIVOSTI U POGLEDU PRIMENE

SISTEMA TOPLOTNE PUMPE SA PODZEMLJEM KAO IZVOROM TOPLOTE ZA INDUSTRIJSKI OBJEKAT

FEASIBILITY CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A GSHP SYSTEM FOR AN INDUSTRIAL FACILITY

Robert GAVRILIUCRomanian Geoexchange Society, Bucharest, Romania

U radu je prikazana analiza izvodljivosti primene sistema sa geotermalnom pumpom u industrijskom objektu. Analiza se

bavi pravilnim dimenzionisanjem geotermalnih razmenjivača toplote na osnovu informacija koje je dostavio projektant termotehničkog sistema i na osnovu informacija iz hidro-

geološke studije. Simulacije geotermalnih razmenjivača toplote su obavljene pomoću softvera EED 3.2.1. Zaključci se

odnose na ekonomske aspekte (troškove) i tehničke aspekte (pouzdanost energetske efikasnosti tokom vremena.

The paper presents a feasibility analysis regarding the implementation of a GSHP system for an industrial facility. The analysis focuses on the correct dimensioning of the GSHE, based on the information provided by the HVAC designer and the hydro-geological study. The simulations for the GSHE were performed by means of the EED 3.2.1 software. The conclusions refer both to economic aspects (costs) and technical aspects (energy efficiency reliability over time).

Ključne reči: geotermalni razmenjivači toplote i pumpe Key words: ground source heat exchangers and pumps

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22PRIMER VISOKOEFIKASNE TOPLOTNE PODSTANICE

SA TOPLOTNIM PUMPAMA VODA-VODA, BUNARIMA, KOTLOVIMA, „FREE COOLING“ REŽIMOM BUNARSKOM VODOM SA DALJINSKIM UPRAVLJANJEM PREKO BMS-A

EXAMPLE OF A HIGH EFFIENCY CENTRAL PLANT (HEATING SUBSTATION) WITH WATER/WATER HEAT PUMPS, SUBMERSION WELLS, BOILERS, FREE COOLING MODE

WITH BMS (BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM) REMOTE ACCESSMarko BABIĆ, Zoran STOJKOVIĆ, Pantelija BRAJIĆ

Soko inžinjering, Beograd, Srbija

U radu je dat primer toplotne podstanice kao bivalentnog sistema sa toplotnim pumpama voda/voda i elektro kotlovima koji se koriste pri vršnim

opterećenjima. Sve je lokalno kontrolisano DDC kontrolerima koji imaju samoadaptivne PID regulatore,

a celokupan sistem je povezan na BMS (eng. Building Managment System) koji je izveden u skladu sa IoT (eng. Internet Of Things) trendovima sa daljinskim pristupom.

The paper presents an example of a heating substation as a as bivalent system with water/water heat pumps and electrical boilers which are used at peak loads (under extreme conditions). Everything is locally controlled by DDC controllers whom are equipped with self-adaptive PID regulators, and the complete system is connected to BMS (Building Management System), which is done in accordance with the latest IoT (Internet of Things) trends with remote access.

Ključne reči: BMS; energetska efikasnost; toplotna podstanica; open loop; free cooling

Key words: BMS; energy efficiency; heating substation; open loop; free cooling

23VIŠEDIMENZIONALNO INTEGRISANO UPRAVLJANJE

RAZVOJNIM PROMJENAMA TERMOENERGETSKIH SISTEMA MULTIDIMENSIONALLY INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT

OF DEVELOPMENT CHANGE OF THERMOENERGY SYSTEMS Zdravko BIJELIĆ, Mitar BIJELIĆ,

Biljana MILANOVIĆ, Aleksandar Buda

Višedimenzionalno upravljanje termonergetskim sistemima je veoma složen proces u svakoj životnoj fazi. Upravljanje

razvojnim promjenama termoenergetskih sistema je izuzetno rizično, jer se odnosi na buduće vrijeme. Zbog neizvjesnosti

vrijednosnog stanja ambijenta upravljanje razvojnim promjenama je posebno složeno pitanje u fazi projektovanja

i odlučivanja o strukturi razvojnih promjena. Problem dinamičnosti ambijenta mora se posmatrati sa aspekta

programiranih ekonomskih, tehnoloških i drugih promjena od strane razvijenih zemalja i nepredvidivih prirodnih promjena,

poput raznih klimatskih promjena. Rješenje problema je u tome da se razvojni termoenergetski objekat posmatra kao

kibernetski razvojni sistem. Osnova kibernetskog upravljanja su matematički modeli. Primjenom matematičkog

modeliranja na bazi mekog računarstva modelira se model koji višedimenzionalnu strukturu ulaza i izlaza sistema

integriše u prihvatljiv broj upravljačkih dimenzija. Za uspješno modeliranje potrebna su multidisciplinarna znanja.

Istraživanja pokazuju da se u praksi veoma malo koristi matematičko modeliranje u cilju projektovanja strukture

razvojnih promjena na termoenergetskim sistemima. Razlog treba tražiti u složenesti teorijskih modela, zbog čaga ih

praksa rijetko koristi. U radu je razvijen model koji je kompromisno rješenje između teorije i prakse sa aspekta

znanja matematičkog modeliranja u cilju unapređenja odlučivanja o razvojnim promjenama na termoenergetskim

sistemima u praksi.

Multidimensional management of thermal power systems is a very complex process at every stage of life. Managing the development changes of thermal power systems is extremely risky as it relates to future times. Due to the uncertainty of the value of the environment, managing development change is a particularly complex issue in the design and decision making phase of the development change structure. The problem of ambient dynamics must be viewed from the perspective of programmed economic, technological and other changes by developed countries and unpredictable natural changes, such as various climate changes. The solution is to look at the development thermal power facility as a cybernetic development system. The basis of cybernetic management is mathematical models. Using mathematical modeling based on soft computing, a model that integrates the multidimensional structure of systeminputs and outputs into an acceptable number of control dimensions is modeled. Successful modeling requires multidisciplinary knowledge. Research shows that there is very little use of mathematical modeling in order to project the structure of developmental changes on thermal power systems. The reason must be sought in the complexity oftheoretical models, which are rarely used by practice. The paper develops a model that is a compromise solution between theory and practice from the perspective of mathematical modeling knowledge in order to improve decision making about developmental changes in thermal power systems in practice.

Ključne reči: višedimenzionalno upravljanje; termoenergetski sistemi; matematičko modeliranje;

razvojne promjene

Key words: multidimensional control; thermal power systems; mathematical modeling; developmental changes

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24DIGITALIZACIJA – MODELIRANJE OTPORNOSTI INFRASTRUKTURE

U CILJU ODRŽIVOG URBANOG RAZVOJAGOING DIGITAL – MODELING INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCE

FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENTDrury B. CRAWLEY, Ph.D., FASHRAE, FIBPSA

Bentley Systems, Inc., Washington D.C., USA

Sada je moguće brzo modelirati grad pomoću 3D tehnologija, kao što su fotogrametrija, LiDAR, ili BIM. Udruživanjem

podataka iz ovih izvora moguće je vrednovati otpornost grada u različitim scenarijima planiranja i katastrofe. Ova prezentacija obuhvata modele primera za nekoliko gradova, između ostalog

Filadelfije i Helsinkija. Fotogrametrijski model centra Filadelfije, koji je napravljen povodom posete Pape tom gradu, integrisan

je sa referentnim podacima o filadelfijskim zgradama, koji obuhvataju podatke o energiji, vremenskim prilikama i ostale

podatke. Za Helsinki je prikazan stvaran model od 26 km2 zajedno sa planiranjem u slučaju katastrofe i automatizovanom

identifikacijom imovine pomoću algoritma dubokog učenja. Na kraju je prikazana primena termografije i fotogrametrije za

stvaranje 3D modela termalnih potpisa zgrade.

It is now possible to quickly model a city using 3D technologies such as photogrammetry, LiDAR, and BIM. By federating the data from these sources, it is possible to evaluate the resilience of a city under different planning and disaster scenarios. This presentation includes example models of several cities including Philadelphia and Helsinki. The photogrammetry model of downtown Philadelphia created for the Pope’s visit is merged with the Philadelphia building benchmark data which includes energy, water and other data. For Helsinki, the 26 km2 reality model is shown along with disaster planning and automated asset identification using deep learning algorithms. And finally using thermography and photogrammetry to create 3D models of buildings thermal signatures.

Ključne reči: digitalni blizanac; infrastruktura; modeliranje; održivost

Key words: digital twin; infrastructure; modeling; sustainability

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25O MODELIRANJU OPERACIONIH SALA:

ČETIRI DECENIJE CFD SIMULACIJAON THE MODELLING OF SURGICAL OPERATING THEATRES:

FOUR DECADES OF CFD SIMULATIONSEssam E. KHALIL

ASHRAE Fellow, ASME Fellow, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

U radu se daje pregled ranijih pokušaja da se proceni kvalitet unutrašnjeg vazduha (KUV), ispituju se prethodno predloženi faktori kvaliteta unutrašnjeg vazduha i analiziraju se metode

za procenu ovih faktora. U ovom radu se takođe uvodi nove hipoteza o optimalnom projektu airside sistema KGH za

operacione sale radi postizanja ugodnosti i higijene. U radu se predlaže i formuliše nova skala kojom je moguće adekvatno

proceniti kretanje vazdušne struje u operacionim salama. Predložena nova skala treba da obuhvata procene lokalnog i

celokupnog kvaliteta vazduha. Nova hipoteza je razvijena kako bi se prevazišle teškoće kojesu postojale prilikom korišćenja

drugih procena kvaliteta unutrašnjeg vazduha za tipične operacione sale. U radu se predlažu neki projekti otvora za dovodni vazduh kako bi se obezbedilo vertikalno nizvodno

strujanje vazduha kao praktično rešenje. Kao praktično rešenje treba koristiti odsisne (odvodne) otvore blizu tavanice i blizu

poda umesto hipotetički kompletnog podnog odvoda.

This paper reviews the previous attempts to evaluate the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), investigates previously proposed IAQ factors and analyses the evaluation methods of these factors. The present work introduces, also, a new hypothesis of the optimum HVAC airside system design of the surgical operating theatres to achieve the comfort and hygiene levels. The present work is devoted to propose and formulate a new scale capable of adequately evaluating the airflow pattern in the surgical operating theatres. The proposed new scale is proposed to cover the local and overall air quality evaluations. The present new hypothesis is developed to overcome the difficulties experienced using other IAQ evaluations for typical surgical operating theatres. This paper recommends some designs of the supply air outlets to provide the vertically downward airflow as a practical solution. The near ceiling and near floor extract ports are to be used instead of the hypothetical complete floor extracting as a practical solution.

Ključne reči: efikasnost ventilacije; operaciona sala; neuralna mreža; procena kvaliteta unutrašnjeg vazduha;

projekat sistema za grejanje, ventilaciju i klimatizaciju

Key words: ventilation effectiveness; operating theatre; neural network; IAQ assessment; HVAC design

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26MODELOVANJE PERFORMANSI SISTEMA ZA KGH U PRELIMINARNOJ FAZI

PROJEKTOVANJA ZA POSTIZANJE ZELENE SERTIFIKACIJE ZGRADAHVAC PERFORMANCE MODELING IN PRELIMINARY DESIGN PHASE

FOR ACHIEVING GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATIONNorbert HARMATHY

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Building Energetics and Building Service Engineering, Budapest, Hungary

Istraživanje predstavlja strateški pristup energetskom projektovanju tokom integrativnog procesa projektovanja

koristeći energetsku simulaciju. Istraživanje je zasnovano na simulaciji energetskih performansi koja obuhvata potpunu integrisanost projekta sa sistemom klimatizacije, grejanja i

hlađenja (KGH), sa posebnim osvrtom na godišnji rad zgrade. Cilj istraživanja je da istakne značaj adekvetne koordinacije

projektnog tima za postizanje energetski efikasne zgrade tokom procesa donošenja odgovarajućih odluka. Donošenje odluka za

adekvatan izbor KGH sistema zasnovano je na demonstriranom novom kompleksu poslovnih zgrada u Budimpešti. Inženjerske

odluke zasnovane su na poboljšanju performansi i ukupnom smanjenju energetske potrošnje na godišnjem nivou. Detaljno

je analiziran sistem dominantne zid-zavese kako bi se dokazalo kvalitativno poboljšanje i smanjenje energetskih potreba zahteva

za hlađenje. Izračunata je i vrednovana energetska potrošnja referentnog ASHRAE 90.1 2010 VAV sistema i predloženog

DOAS HVAC sistema na godišnjem nivou.

The research presents a strategic energy design approach during the integrative design process using energy performance simulation. A performance based assessment with comprehensive fully incorporated design, construction, HVAC and annual building operation was conducted in order to demonstrate better team coordination and building energy efficiency during the decision making process. Performance based decision-making is demonstrated through a new office building complex. The engineering decisions were based on performance enhancement and overall energy demand reduction, which was evaluated on an annual basis. The building envelope’s dominant curtain wall system was analyzed in detail in order to demonstrate qualitative energy performance improvement. The baseline ASHRAE 90.1 2010 system 7 VAV and proposed DOAS HVAC systems annual energy performance were calculated and evaluated from the aspect of annual end-use energy.

Ključne reči: energetsko modelovanje; dinamička simulacija; ASHRAE 90.1 VAV; DOAS; EnergyPlus

Key words: energy modelling; dynamic simulation; building performance; ASHRAE 90.1 VAV; DOAS; EnergyPlus

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27INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF NIGHT COOLING ON BUILDING THERMAL

PERFORMANCE WITH HOURLY ANALYSIS PROGRAMISPITIVANJE UTICAJA NOĆNOG HLAĐENJA NA TOPLOTNE KARAKTERISTIKE ZGRADE SA

PROGRAMOM ZA ČASOVNU ANALIZUIsmail ÇELIK, Murat ÇAKAN

Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey

U ovoj studiji se ispituje uticaj noćnog hlađenja na uštedu energije stambene zgrade na četiri lokacije sa različitim

klimatskim uslovima: Ben Guerir, Maroko (pustinjska klima), Ankara, Turska (kontinentalna klima), Istanbul,

Turska (umerena klima) i İzmir, Turska (umerena i vlažna). Dinamičke energetske simulaicje, koje uzimaju u obzir stvarne meteorološke podatke, obavljene su pomoću programa analize

potrošnje energije na svakih sat vremena -Hourly Analysis Program (HAP). Učinak noćnog hlađenja je vrednovan na svakoj lokaciji tokom perioda od maja do oktobra meseca, kada dominiraju potrebe za hlađenjem. Stambena zgrada

je projektovana za pet osoba. Zidovi kuće su napravljeni od kompozitnog zemljanog materijala sa provodljivošću toplote

od 0,3 W/m.K. Ukupna U vrednost zidova izračunata da iznosi 0,181 W/m2.K, U vrednost krova iznosi 0,118 W/ m2.K. Scenario noćnog hlađenje je takav da između ponoći i 7 časova

ujutru broj izmena vazduha bude 3,5 i 8. Sistemi za grejanje i hlađenja u zgradi su toplotna pumpa čiji je izvor toplote

vazduh i sistem ventilatorskog konvektora sa dve cevi. Rezultati dobijeni programom za časovnu analizu jasno pokazuju da

razlika u temperaturi sredine noću i danju povećava efikasnost noćnog hlađenja. Proračuni pokazuju da lokacije u Ankari i

Ben Gueriru imaju najveću uštedu energije.

The scope of this study embraces the impact of night cooling on the energy savings of a residential house which is situated at four different climatic locations: Ben Guerir, Morocco (desert), Ankara, Turkey (continental), Istanbul, Turkey (mild) and İzmir, Turkey (mild and humid). Dynamic energy simulations, which took into account real meteorological data were carried out with Carrier-Hourly Analysis Program (HAP). The night cooling performance was evaluated at each station during the months of May to October where cooling requirements dominate.The residential buinding is designed four 5 people. The walls of the house were made of composite soil based material with 0,3 W/m.K heat conductivity. While the overall U value of the walls are calculated as 0,181 W/m2.K, the U value at the roof is 0,118 W/ m2.K. The night cooling scenario was set based on forcing an air change rate of 3, 5 and 8 times per hour between midnight and 7 am. The heating and cooling systems in the building were air source heat pump and two-pipe fan coil system. The results given by the hourly analysis program clearly indicate that ambient temperature difference between night and day increased the efficiency of night cooling. Calculations reveal that Ankara and Ben Guerir have the highest energy saving rates.

Ključne reči: noćno hlađenje; program za časovnu analizu Key words: night cooling; hourly analysis program

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28UPRAVLJANJE KRETANJEM DIMA UZ POMOĆ ŠPRINKLERA

U GARAŽI SREDNJE VELIČINE POKRIVENOM SISTEMOM ŠPRINKLERASMOKE MANAGEMENT IN SPRINKLERS

IN A MEDIUM SIZED SPRINKLERED CAR PARKDalia. E. KHALIL, i Essam E. KHALIL,

ASHRAE Univezitet u Kairu, Fakultet za inženjerstvo, Kairo –Egipat

U ovom radu, simulator dinamike požara (SDP) korišćen je za simuliranje šprinklera u garaži srednje veličine i za

ispitivanje njihovog uticaja na kretanje dima. Uobičajeni pristup koji se koristi u modelovanju merljive dinamike

fluida (CFD) za verifikaciju sistema za upravljanje dimom u garaži sa šprinklerima je da se zameni stalna jačina od 8 MW za požar na vozilu sa ustaljenom jačinom od 4 MW, ne uzimajući u obzir fizički efekat aktiviranja šprinklera.

Ispitana su dva osnovna modela slučaja gde je uzet u obzir uticaj šprinklera na požarnu krivu (4 MW), ali u jednom slučaju oblikovan je fizički efekat šprinklera, a u drugom

nije. Ovi bazični slučajevi proučavani su sa dva sistema za odvođenje dima; tačnije, kanalskim i impulsnim sistemom

ventilacije. Iz rezultata je utvrđeno da je aktiviranje šprinklera drastično smanjilo vidljivost na nivou posetilaca.

Nakon aktiviranja šprinklera, kretanje vodenih čestica na dole svojom silom je spuštalo sloj dima. Može se zaključiti da provođenje CFD simulacija sistema za upravljanje dimom u garažama sa šprinklerma, ne uzimajući u obzir fizički uticaj vodenih čestica i njihovog uticaja na širenje dima, može dati prividno dobre rezultate i nije ispravan pristup proučavanju

efikasnosti sistema za upravljanje dimom.

In this paper, the fire dynamic simulator (FDS) was used to simulate fire sprinklers in a medium sized sprinklered car park and to investigate their effect on the smoke behaviour. The common approach used in CFD modelling for sprinklered car park smoke management system verification is to replace the steady 8MW car fire size with steady 4MW fire size without taking the physical effect of sprinklers activation into account. Two base case models were investigated where the sprinklers effect on the fire curve (4MW) was taken into consideration, but in one case the sprinklers physical effect was modelled and in the other case sprinklers were not modelled. These base cases were studied with two smoke extraction systems; namely ducted system and impulse ventilation system. From the results, it was obtained that the sprinklers activation drastically decreased the visibility at occupant’s level. Upon sprinklers activation, water particles downward movement dragged the smoke layer along due to its momentum. It can be concluded that conducting CFD simulations for smoke management system in sprinklered car parks without taking into consideration the physical effect of water particles and their effect on smoke propagation, can give misleadingly good results and is not the correct approach to study the effectiveness of the smoke management system.

Ključne reči: parkirališta sa šprinklerima; CFD simulacija; stvaranje dima; stepen vidljivosti

Key words: sprinklered car parks; CFD simulation; smoke logging; visibility levels

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29OPTIMIZACIJA LAMINARNOG TOKA VENTILACIONOG PLAFONA

OPTIMIZATION OF LAMINAR AIRFLOW IN LAMINAR CEILING ELEMENTAlen ORŠULIĆ, dr. Erik PavlovičLindab d.o.o., Godovič, Slovenia

Sa CFD analizom smo optimizirali ventilacijski elemenat za mesnu industriju – ventilacioni plafon. U obzir morali

smo uzeti protok vazduha kroz elemenat, stupanj filtracije i maksimalnu brzinu izlaznog vazduha. U isto vreme,

morali smo osigurati laminarni protok filtriranog vazduha iznad radne površine u pogonu za preradu. Optimizacija je

provedena u smeru smanjenja pada pritiska na ventilacijskom elemenatu i laminarnom mlazu. Zbog svoje veličine

ventilacijski elemenat sastoji se iz više delova. Veličina se definira prema protoku u smeru, da izlazna brzina ne prelazi dopušteni maksimum. Kućište elemenata je u celosti izrađeno

od nerđajućeg čelika i na donjem delu iz perforirane ploče. Elemenat sadrži standardne filtere za filtriranje vazduha,

koji moraju biti lako zamjenjivi. Sav vazduh unutar elemenata mora se filtrirati. Zbog veličine elemenata, filteri

ne pokrivaju celi prosek protoka, što dovodi do problema vrtloženja (turbulence) vazduha u mrtvim zonama. Problem

smo pokušavali rešiti dodavanjem usmerjevača unutar ventilacijskog elemenata. Tekom procesa optimizacije

proizvoda, CFD analiza je pokazala da fizički usmerjevači nisu potrebni. Shvatili smo da se usmerjevači mogu zameniti pravim brojem ulaza, njihovom smerom i brzinom strujanja vazduha.

CFD je pokazao da menjanje dimenzija ulaza i kućišta i promena položaja filtera menjaju izlazni profil vazduha i pad pritiska na ventilacijskom elementu. Na temelju CFD analize

odabrali smo optimalne dimenzije i lokacije standardnih filtera, uzimajući u obzir konstrukcijske mogućnosti. Pomoću

CFD analize rešili smo se suvišnog materijala i omogućili najmanji pad pritiska i laminarni mlaz vazduha.

Using CFD analysis we optimized the ventilation element for meat processing industry – the laminar ceiling element. We took into consideration the airflow through the element,filtration rate, and maximum exhaust air velocity. At the same time, we had to ensure laminar filtered airflow above the work surface in the processing plant. The optimization was performed in order to reduce pressure drop on the ventilation element and the laminar jet. Due to its size, the ventilation element consists of several parts. The size is defined according to the airflow, so that outlet velocity does not exceed its allowed maximum value. The whole unit casing is made of stainless steel and a perforated plate on the bottom section. The element contains standard filters for air filtration that must be easily replaceable. The whole air volume within the elements must be filtered. Due to the size of the elements, filters do not cover the whole airflow cross-section, which leads to air turbulence problem in dead zones. We tried to solve the problem by adding a louvre within the ventilation element. During the product optimization process, the CFD analysis showed that physical louvres are not required. We realized that louvres can be replaced by the correct number of inlets, their direction and airflow rate. CFD showed that by changing the inlet and casing dimensions and filter positions the outlet air profile and pressure drop on the ventilation element will be changed. Based on the CFD analysis we chose optimal dimensions and locations of standard filters, taking into account the construction possibilities. Using CFD analysis we used the excess material and ensured the lowest pressure drop and laminar air jet.

Ključne reči: ventilacija; CFD analiza; filtracija; optimizacija

Key words: ventilation; CFD analysis; filtration; optimization

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30IZAZOVI U KOMBINOVANJU RAZLIČITIH METODA I ALATKI

U CILJU POBOLJŠANJA PRAĆENJA PERFORMANSI U ZGRADAMACHALLENGES IN COMBINING DIFFERENT METHODS AND TOOLS

FOR IMPROVING PERFORMANCE MONITORING IN BUILDINGSBoris SUČIĆ1, Stane MERŠE1, Marko KOVAČ1, Željko TOMŠIĆ2

1 Jožef Stefan Institute – Energy Efficiency Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Evropska unija je utvrdila da su zgrade najperspektivniji cilj za poboljšanje energetske efikasnosti i kvantitativno je utvrdila veliki potencijal uštede energije koji je povezan sa ulaganjem u infrastrukturu i opremu. Glavni cilj praćenja

i modeliranja energetskih profila u zgradama jeste da se obezbedi neophodan kontekst potrošnje energije i omogući

informisanost prilikom donošenje odluka. Modeliranje obično počinje sa integracijom energije u dijagrame toka aktivnosti,

što predstavlja osnovu za odluke o postavljanju strukture za mesta energetskih troškova (energy cost centre – ECC). U ovom radu se vrednuju mogućnosti analize obavijanja podataka u kombinaciji sa modeliranjem zasnovanim na

mestu energetskih troškova (ECC) za analizu potrošnje električne energije u izabranoj grupi osnovnih škola i

predškolskih ustanova. Podaci o potrošnji energije su dobijeni u okviru saradnje sa lokalnom agencijom za energiju,

koja je imala funkciju energetskog upravnika za izabranu grupu zgrada. Dobijeni rezultati su potvrdili potencijal

kombinovanja analize obavijanja podataka i modeliranja zasnovano na mestu energetskih troškova (ECC) kako

bi se pronašle škole koje imaju kapacitet za poboljšanje energetske efikasnosti. Pored toga, kombinacija rezulata

dobijenih analizom obavijanja podataka sa kontekstualnim parametrima skrivenim u strukturi centara za troškove

energije pruža dodatne i vredne informacije energetskom upravniku i pomaže mu u odgovarajućom sistemskom

vrednovanju analizirane prakse upravljanja energijom.

The European Union has identified buildings as being the most promising target for improving energy efficiency and has quantified a significant energy-saving potential associated with infrastructure and equipment investments. The key objective of monitoring and modelling energy profiles in buildings is to provide the necessary background of energy consumption and to allow informed decisions to be made. Modelling usually starts with the integration of energy within the activity flow charts, which is the basis for decisions on setting up the structure of energy cost centres (ECC). This paper evaluates the capabilities of the data envelopment analysis in combination with ECC based modelling for the electricity consumption analysis in the selected group of elementary schools and kindergartens. The electricity consumption data was obtained through the cooperation with the local energy agency which was acting as an energy manager for the selected group of buildings. The obtained results confirmed the potential of combining the data envelopment analysis and the ECC based modelling in order to discover the schools with the capacity for energy efficiency improvements. Additionally, the combination of results obtained through the data envelopment analysis with the contextual parameters hidden in the structure of the ECCs, provides additional and valuable information for the energy manager and helps him with the proper benchmarking of analysed energy management practices.

Ključne reči: sistem za upravljanje energijom; mesto energetskih troškova; analiza obavijanja podataka; praćenje

performansi (učinka); potrošnja električne energije

Key words: energy management system; energy cost centre; data envelopment analysis; performance monitoring; electricity consumption

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31DINAMIČKI ENERGETSKI EFIKASNI SISTEMI ZA GREJANJE

DYNAMIC ENERGY EFFICIENT HEATING SYSTEMSDejan VELIČKOVIĆ, Filip ŽARDIN, Janko KRSTIĆ

Danfoss

Uzimajući u obzir da oko polovine finalne potrošnje energije odlazi na grejanje i klimatizaciju a od toga više od dve trećine

se potroši u zgradama, unapređenje energetske efikasnosti je od velikog značaja, naročito u starim zgradama. U poređenju

sa rešenjima sa velikim uticajem na smanjenje potrošnje energije, poput izolacije zgrada i primene obnovljivih izvora

energije, individualna regulacija temperature, uspostavljanje i automatsko održavanje hidrauličkog balansa i optimizacija

napora pumpe danas su prepoznati kao brzo isplativ način za smanjenje potrošnje energije u zgradama.

Taking into consideration that more than half of spent energy goes to HVAC systems and more than 2/3 of this amount is spent in multifamily buildings, energy efficiency improvement in this area is of big importance, especially in old buildings. In comparison with the solutions that have a big impact on energy consumption, like building insulation and use of renewable energy sources, automatic hydronic balancing and optimization of pump head are recognized as solutions that have a short ROI period. It is not easy to achieve low energy consumption in buildings. The main requirement for low energy consumption is that all components are working in optimal conditions. Proper hydronic balancing is a certain way to obtain low energy consumption and in this paper we are explaining how dynamic thermostatic valve and variable flow circulation pumps are working together to achieve energy efficiency goals.

Ključne reči: dinamičko balansiranje; automatsko balansiranje; energetska efikasnost; termostatski

radijatorski ventili; hidrauličko balansiranje

Key words: dynamic balancing; automatic balancing; energy efficency; thermostatic radiator valves; hydronic balancing

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32UTICAJ PROMENE TEMPERATURE IZVORA

KOD ELEKTRIČNIH PODNIH PANELAINFLUCENCE OF SOURCE TEMPERATURE CHANGE

ON ELECTRIC FLOOR HEATING PANELSDragan CVETKOVIĆ, Aleksandar NEŠOVIĆ, Jasmina SKERLIĆ, Danijela NIKOLIĆ,

Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

Primena niskotemperaturnih električnih podnih grejača (NTEPG) ograničena je higijenskim zahtevima, pa

maskimalna temperatura slobodne površine poda treba biti ujednačena i u određenim granicama. U prvom delu rada,

metodom konačnih zapremina (MKZ) u softveru ANSYS Workbench 14.5, ispitano je polje primene električnih

grejnih kablova (EGK) u konstrukciji podnih panelnih grejača (PPG), uzimajući u obzir njihovo međusobno osno rastojanje i temperaturni režim. U drugom delu

rada, ponašanje NTEPG-a eksperimentalno je istraženo na fizički izgrađenom modelu testne komore praćenjem

unutrašnje temperature vazduha (UTV) u zavisnosti od spoljašnjih uslova.

The application of low-temperature electric floor heating panels (LTEFHP) is limited to hygienic requirements and, therefore, the maximum surface temperature of the floor should be uniform and within certain limits. In the first part of the paper, the finite volume method (FVM) in software ANSYS Workbench 14.5 was used to examine the field of application of electric heating cables (EHC) in the construction of floor heating panels (FHP), taking into account their axial spacing and temperature regime. In the second part of the paper, the behaviour of LTEFHP was experimentally investigated on a physically constructed model of the test chamber by monitoring the internal air temperature (IAT) depending on the external conditions.

Ključne reči: NTEPG; ANSYS Workbench; komora za ispitivanje; temperature slobodne površine poda;

toplotni fluks, UTV.

Key words: LTEFHP; ANSYS workbench; test chamber; floor surface temperature; heat flux; IAT.

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33BMS SISTEM U VALIDIRANOJ FARMACEUTSKOJ PROIZVODNJI:

SIEMENS DESIGO CCBMS SYSTEM IN THE VALIDATED PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION:

SIEMENS DESIGO CCAndrej ŠKORC

Sipatec Building, Beograd

Prikazani sistem koristi se za nadzor i upravljanje u validiranoj farmaceutskoj proizvodnji. Omogućava rad u

skladu sa GMP zahtevima koji se odnose na način pristupa sistemu, način rada i komandovanja i način pamćenja

podataka u arhivama. Sistem omogućava rad većeg broja operatera sa različitim nivoima pristupa, rad na većem broju

radnih stanica, arhiviranje podataka na serveru korisnika. Sistem je baziran na Siemens Desigo CC platformi. Sistem po

zahtevu korisnika prati validaciona dokumentacija.

The presented system is used for control and monitoring of the HVAC installation in the validated pharmaceutical production. The system fulfils GMP requirements related to the system access, operator operating and data storage in validated achieves. The system can configure multiple users in various user groups, multiple operating stations, storage of achieves to the dedicated data server. The system is based on Siemens Desigo CC. With the system, we can deliver BMS validation documentation.

Ključne reči: BMS; farmacija; validacija; arhiviranje; GMP

Key words: BMS; pharmaceutical production; validation; archiving; GMP

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34CFD MODELIRANJE TURBULENCIJE

U KANALIMA PLOČASTIH RAZMENJIVAČA TOPLOTECFD TURBULENCY MODELING IN PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS DUCTS

Dragan MANDIĆJKP Beogradske elektrane, Beograd

Predmet ovog rada je modeliranje turbolencije protoka fluida u kanalima pločastih razmenjivača toplote za zagrevanje sanitarne tople vode u grejnoj podstanici u Beogradu. Za

ispitivanje turbolentnih pojava u kanalima, ovaj rad koristi standardni K-ε model turbolencije. Od posebnog je značaja

da se u ovom radu modeliranje vrši za različite protoke tečnosti kroz kanale, usvojene u graničnim uslovima. Brzine

fluida u ulaznom preseku kanala uzete su kao pretpostavljene prosečne vrednosti i iznose 0,01 m/s i 0,1 m/s, što

pretpostavlja minimalnu i maksimalnu vrednost izmerenih vrednosti ovih brzina fluida u toplotnim podstanicama. Na

osnovu ovih pretpostavljenih brzina dobijene su vrednosti izmenjene kinetičke energije i karakter promene intenziteta projekcija ovih brzina u pravcu sve tri ose. Na osnovu ovih projekcija možemo odrediti nestabilnost brzine i povratnih struja duž ovih kanala i njihovih konturnih površina, kao

i “mrtvih tačaka” u kojima nema kretanja tečnosti. Ovaj rad predstavlja izračunate vrijednosti Rejnoldsovog broja

linijske linije za pretpostavku brzine fluida u kanalima. Ovi fenomeni mogu prouzrokovati različite probleme pri prenosu

toplote i prljavštine u kanalima pločastih izmjenjivača toplote u kojima nema cirkulacije. Stoga, dobijeni rezultati

mogu poslužiti kao osnova za dimenzionisanje i selekciju razmenjivača toplote, kao i za određivanje njihovih

optimalnih uslova rada.

The subject of this paper is turbulence modeling of fluid flow in channels of plate heat exchangers for heating domestic hot water in heating substation in Belgrade. For testing of turbulence phenomena in the channels, this paper uses the standard K-ε model of turbulence. It is of particular importance that in this paper the modeling is made for different flow rates of fluids through channels, adopted in boundary conditions. The rate of flow in the input area of the channels was taken as the assumed average values of 0.01m / sec, and 0.1m / sec, which presupposed minimum and maximum values based on the measured values of these fluid velocities in the heat substations.On the basis of these assumed speeds, the values of the exchanged kinetic energy and the character of the change in the intensity of the projections of these velocities in the direction of all three axes are obtained. On the basis of these projections, we can determine the unsteadiness of the velocity and the return currents along these channels and in their contour surfaces as well as the “dead spots” in which there is no movement of the fluid. This work presents the calculated values of the Reynolds number of the streamline for the assumption velocity of fluid in channels. These phenomena can cause different problems in the transmission of heat and dirt in the channels of the plate heat exchangers where there is no circulation. Therefore, the obtained results can serve as a basis for dimensioning and selection of heat exchangers as well as for determining their optimal working conditions.

Ključne reči: pločasti razmjenjivači toplote; tečnost; kanali Key words: plate heat exchangers; fluid flow; channels

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35SAGLEDAVANJE PROCENTUALNOG BROJ UZORAKA

POTREBNIH TOKOM TEHNIČKOG PRIJEMA UZORAKA ZA OPREMU U KOJOJ SE JEDINICE PONAVLJAJU

INDUSTRY PERCEPTIONS OF PERCENTAGE SAMPLE SIZE REQUIRED DURING SAMPLE COMMISSIONING FOR REPETITIVE EQUIPMENT

Blake WENTZ1, Leah HENDRICKS2, Tim WENTZ3

1 Milwaukee School of Engineering, USA2 JF Ahern Company, USA

3 University of Nebraska, USA

Mehanički i električni sistemi u zgradama su sve složeniji i integrisaniji u današnjim projektima. Moguće je da ideja i ciljevi ovih sistema izgube na svom fokusu zbog toga što više različitih timova radi zajedno kako bi se sastavili ovi

komplikovani sistemi. Tehnički prijem zgrade treba da obezbedi da sistemi u zgradi mogu da funkcionišu onako kako je

planirano tokom celog radnog veka tih sistema. Nije isplativo raditi tehnički prijem za sve komponente jednog sistema, te

tehnički prijem uzorka omogućava da se ispitaju jedinice (uređaji) zgrade koje se ponavljaju, a kako bi se utvrdila

uslaglašenost sa projektom u vidu prikaza svih jedinica koje čine taj sistem. U ovom trenutku okvir ili podaci o tome koji deo ili procenat jedinica treba ispitati da bi se obezbedilo da

određeni sistem radi onako kako je planirano nisu dovoljni. U ovoj studiji su anketirani stručnjaci iz ove industrije o veličini

uzorka tj. broju uzoraka potrebnih za tehnički prijem uzoraka na osnovu ukupnog broja jedinica u zgradi, i pokazana je varijacija procenta za projekte sa manje od 50 jedinica, a

dosledan procenat za projekte sa 100 ili više jedinica.

Mechanical and electrical systems in buildings are becoming increasingly complex and integrated in today’s projects. The ideas and goals of these systems can lose focus due to many different teams working collectively to put these intricate systems together. Building commissioning is used to ensure that a building’s systems are able to function as intended through the life cycle of the systems. It is not cost effective to commission all components of a system, so sample commissioning allows for a fraction of the building’s recurring units to be tested for compliance with the design as a representation of all units that comprise the system. Currently there is little framework or data supporting what fraction or percent of the units need to be tested to ensure that the system is operating as intended. This study surveyed industry professionals about the sample size required for sample commissioning based on the total number of units in the building and showed a wide variation of percentage on projects in less than 50 units and a consistent percentage for projects of 100 units or more.

Ključne reči: tehnički prijem; tehnički prijem uzoraka; energetska efikasnost; metode uzorkovanja

Key commissioning; sample commissioning; energy Efficiency; sampling methods

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37SUPERKRITIČNI FLUIDI U FARMACEUTSKOJ INDUSTRIJI

SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYVladan MIĆIĆ1, Darko MANJENČIĆ2, Milica MIJATOVIĆ3,

Marija ALEKSIĆ4, Aleksandra OGNJENOVIĆ5

1 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Technology, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina2 Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

3 Smrčak, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Health institution “Alba graeca pharm”, Belgrade, Serbia

5 Hemofarm, Šabac, Serbia, [email protected]

Superkritični fluidi imaju primenu u brojnim područjima kao što su raspodela lekova, hromatografija, sinteza,

prečišćavanje i ekstrakcija. Njihovim korišćenjem efikasnost i selektivnost procesa se povećavaju u odnosu

na klasične konvencionalne postupke. Istraživanje u ovoj oblasti ima brojne prednosti. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da

opiše brzu ekspanziju superkritičnih rastvora (RESS), gas antisolvent proces (GAS), superkritični antisolvent proces

(SAS), poboljšanu disperziju rastvora sa superkritičnim procesom (SEDS), aerosol solvent ekstrakcioni sistem

(ASES), superkritičnu ekstrakciju emulzije (SFEE) i formiranje čestica iz rastvora zasićenih gasom (PGSS).

Primenom datih procesa kod istraživača je došlo do značajnog porasta interesovanja za superkritične fluide. Superkritični fluidi i tehnologije zasnovane na njihovom

korišćenju imaju sve veću primenu u farmaceutskoj industriji. Glavni razlog njihove sve veće primene i

u farmaciji su brojne prednosti kao što su održivost, bezbednost, ekološka prihvatljivost i svojstvo da se

smatraju tzv. zelenim rastvaračima.

Supercritical fluids can be applied in a number of fields, such as drug delivery, chromatography, synthesis, purification and extraction, providing efficient processes with increased yields, and selectivity as compared with conventional techniques. Research interest in this area has significance because of numerous advantages that the technology offers over conventional methods. This paper aims to review various processes, such as rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS), solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical process (SEDS), aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), supercritical fluid extraction of emulsion (SFEE) and particles from gas saturated solutions process (PGSS), that have enabled this technology to considerably raise the interest of researchers in recent years. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as due to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their “green”, sustainable, safe and “environmentally friendly” intrinsic characteristics

Ključne reči: superkritični fluidi; farmaceutska industrija; ugljendioksid; ekološki; rastvarač

Key words: supercritical fluids; pharmaceutical industry; carbon dioxide; environmentally; solvent

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38ODRŽAVANJE ENERGETSKE OPREME

“SITNA PAMET” – VELIKA KORISTMAINTENANCE OF

“SITNA PAMET” ENERGY EQUIPMENT – A BIG BENEFITBranko R. PAVLOVIĆ, Marin A. IVOŠEVENERGETIKA DOO Kragujevac, Srbija

Ovaj rad je pokušaj da se, na neki način, popune praznine u tematskim oblastima koje dominiraju u javnom

promovisanju integrisanih sistema KGH. Pažljiva analiza ukazuje da je održavanje opreme na marginama važnijih

stručnih prezentacija i svih javnih promocija teoretskog karaktera. Izgubilo se iz vida i da je održavanje proces rada (karika u lancu) bez koga ne bi funkcionisala ni jedna vrsta

eksploatacije energetskog sistema. Osim toga postoje i zablude da je održavanje opreme samo fizička aktivnost, u kojoj nema

mesta stvaranju novih sistema vrednosti, a zaboravlja se da su tekući problem i potreba da se brzo razmišlja i reaguje, imperativ rada, ne samo energetske već svake opreme. To u praksi stvara situaciju, da ljudi koji rade u ovoj oblasti vremenom postaju stručniji i kreativniji, od “teoretičara”

sa pozicijama za kompjuterom. Ljudi sa održavanja često potvrđuju izreku koja je izašla iz naroda da je “nevolja najveća škola” I da je upravo na održavanjau nevolja I to svakodnevnih, na pretek. U konteksu ovih navoda, u

radu je prikazano više primera tehničkih i konstruktivnih rešenja na održavanju razvodnih cevovoda vrele vode i

podstanica grejanja u Kragujevcu, koje nisu smislili ljudi za kompjuterom i svršenim fakultetom, već oni koji neposredno rade na održavanju i koje je muka naterala da nešto smisle i

unaprede. Kaže narod “sitna pamet”, ali velika korist.

This paper is an attempt to fill voids in thematic fields that dominate in promoting HVAC integrated systems. A careful analysis shows that the maintenance of equipment is on the sidelines of important professional presentations and all public theoretical promotions. It has been neglected that maintenance is a work process (a link in the chain) necessary for the functioning of every energy systems. Additionally, there are misconceptions that the equipment maintenance is merely a physical activity without the creation of new value systems and it is neglected that the current problem and necessity to think quickly are the imperatives not only for energy equipment, but for any other equipment. In practice, people who work in this field become more professional and creative than “theoreticians” who work at computers. Maintenance personnel often confirms the expression that “problem solving is the best education” and that there are many troubles and problems in maintenance on a daily basis. Within this context, the paper presents several examples of technical and constructive solutions in the maintenance of hot water distribution pipelines and heating substations in the city of Kragujevac, which were not found by people with IT qualifications and university degrees, but those who were directly involved in maintenance and who were forced to devise and improve things because of the problems they faced. People say that practical knowledge is a great benefit.

Ključne reči: održavanje; energetska oprema Key words: maintenance; energy equipment

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40ENERGIJSKA I EKSERGIJSKA ANALIZA

KONDENZATORA PARE BLOKA 200 MWENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF

STEAM CONDENSER OF 200 MW BLOCKNurdin ĆEHAJIĆ

JP Elektroprivreda BiH, Termoelektrana Tuzla

U radu se analiziraju gubici eksergije i eksergijske efikasnosti kondezatora pare za tri različita opterećenja bloka 200 MW

Termoelektrane u Tuzli. Za nominalno opterećenje rada bloka 200 MW analiziran je uticaj temperature okoline u rasponu

od 273,15 K do 293,15 K na gubitke eksergije i eksergijsku efikasnost kondenzatora pare, zbog ograničenja vezanih

za parametre rashladne vode koji u analizi kondenzatora pare za sva tri opterećenja bloka ostaju nepromijenjeni.

Komparativna analiza rezultata pokazuje da se za režim rada bloka od 90% opterećenja postižu maksimalni gubici eksergije kondenzatora pare, a onda ih slijede gubici eksergije pri radu

bloka sa 80% i 100% opterećenja. Vrijednosti eksergijskih efikasnosti kondenzatora pare su najmanje pri radu bloka od 90% a najveće kod 100% opterećenja, dok su vrijednosti istih pri radu bloka na 80% gotovo na istom nivou kao kod 100%

opterećenja. Porast temperature okoline u razmatranom rasponu dovodi do smanjenja gubitaka eksergije i eksergijskih

efikasnosti kondenzatora pare.

The paper analyzes the losses of exergy and exergy efficiency of steam condensers for three different loads of the 200 MW unit of the Tuzla Thermal Power Plant. The influence of ambient temperature in the range from 273.15 K to 293.15 K on the exergy losses and the exergy efficiency of the steam condenser was analyzed for the nominal operating load of the 200 MW block, due to the limitations related to the cooling water parameters, which in the analysis of the steam condenser remain unchanged for all three loads of the block. A comparative analysis of the results shows that for a 90% block operating mode, maximum steam condenser exergy losses are achieved, followed by exergy losses when operating a block with 80% and 100% load. The values of the exergy efficiency of the steam condenser are at least at 90% block operation and the highest at 100% load, while the values at 80%are almost at the same level as at 100% load. An increase in the ambient temperature over the considered range leads to a decrease in the exergy losses and the exergy efficiencies of the steam condenser.

Ključne reči: eksergijska analiza; gubici eksergije; eksergijska efikasnost; kondenzator pare

Key words: exergy analysis; exergy losses; exergy efficiency; steam condenser

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41POVEĆANJE ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI KLIMA KOMORA

PREMA ZAHTEVIMA ErP DIREKTIVEINCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF AIR HANDLING UNITS

ACCORDING TO ErP DIRECTIVE REQUIREMENTSDejana SOLDO, Milan MARKOVIĆ

Soko inžinjering, Beograd

Usled velikih energetskih troškova i ekološke brige, raste potreba za primenom energetski efikasnijih sistema, pa zakonske regulative u području sistemima ventilacije i

klimatizacije, pooštravaju kriterijume.

Direktiva o eko dizajnu „Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC“ postavlja okvir za određivanje minimalnih standarda

energetske efikasnosti za proizvode koji se odnose na energiju (Energy related products ErP) i ima za cilj značajno smanjenje emisije štetnih gasova i ukupne potrošnje energije

do 2020 godine, i daje smernice za ekološki prihvatljivo projektovanje koje omogućava značajnu uštedu energije.

U ovom radu predstavljeni su zahtevi ErP direktive i njene posledice, karakteristične veličine o kojima treba voditi

računa prilikom dimenzionisanja; provera usklađenosti klima komora i pripadajućih elemenata sa zahtevima ErP direktive,

uporedna analiza tri sistema sa stanovišta: usklađenosti sa regulativom, investicionim troškovima, energetske efikasnosti

i isplativosti.

Due to the high energy costs and environmental concerns, there is a growing need for the implementation of more energy efficient systems, and the regulations in the field of ventilation and air conditioning systems are tightening the criteria.The Ecodesign Directive 2009/125 / EC sets the framework for setting minimum energy efficiency standards for energy related products (ErP) and aims to significantly reducegreenhouse gas emissions and total energy consumption by 2020, and provides guidelines for eco-friendly design that results in significant energy savings.This paper presents the requirements of the ErP Directive and its implications, characteristic sizes that should be taken into account when sizing; verification of compliance of air handling units (air conditioning chambers) and associated elements with the requirements of the ErP Directive, comparative analysis of three systems from the viewpoint of regulatory compliance, investment costs, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness

Ključne reči: ErP direktiva; klima komora; energetska efikasnost; efikasnost sistema za povrat toplote;

SFP faktor

Key words: ErP directive; air handling unit; energy efficiency; heat recovery system efficiency; SFP factor

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42KANALI ZA KLIMATIZACIJU I VENTILACIJU ČISTIH SOBA

DUCT SYSTEM FOR AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION OF CLEAN ROOMS

Milan MARKOVIĆ, Dejana SOLDO, Ivana MARKOVICSoko inžinjering, Beograd

Dobro isprojektovan i izveden sistem kanala za razvod vazduha zajedno sa distributivnim elementima mora da

obezbedi: ravnomernu distribuciju vazduha, uklapanje u arhitektonsko-građevinsku celinu, zadovoljavajući nivo buke,

dobru zaptivenost i mala propuštanja vazduha, minimalne dobitke i gubitke toplote(dobra izolacija kanala), što manji

pad pritiska (direktno utiče na smanjenje utroška energije za transport vazduha), higijensku ispravnost i lako održavanje. Za klimatizaciju i ventilaciju čistih soba dodatno akcenat je

na boljoj klasi nepropusnosti kanalske mreže(C ili D klasa po EUROVENTU) i na besprekornoj čistoći vazduha. Sam proces

izrade i pravilno postavljanje kanala za razvod vazduha značajno utiču na kvalitet vazduha i energetsku efikasnost

celog sistema. Postoje procedure i standardi po kojima se proizvode, montiraju i testiraju kanali za razvod vazduha. To

su standardi DIN 24145, EN 1507, EN 12237, EUROVENT i „SMACNA. U ovom radu biće objašnjene vrste kanala,

vrste spojeva, način ojačanja, pravila postavljanja i rezultati merenja curenja vazduha kanala proizvod Soko inžinjeringa.

A well-designed and constructed air duct system together with distribution elements must ensure: uniform air distribution, fitting into the architectural and construction whole, satisfactory noise levels, good sealing and small air leaks, minimal gains and heat losses (good duct insulation), minimal pressure drop (directly reducing energy consumption for air transport), hygienic safety, and easy maintenance. For air-conditioning and ventilation of clean rooms, the emphasis is on better ductility of the duct network (C or D class according to EUROVENT) and impeccable air cleanliness. The design process and proper placement of air ducts significantly affect the air quality and energy efficiency of the entire system. There are procedures and standards by which air ducts are manufactured, installed and tested. These are DIN 24145, EN 1507, EN 12237, EUROVENT and SMACNA. This paper will explain the types of ducts, the types of joints, the method of reinforcement, the rules of placement, and the results of the measurement of duct air leakage by Soko Engineering.

Ključne reči: klimatizacija; ventilacija; kanali za razvod vazduha; curenje vazduha; čiste sobe

Key words: air conditioning; ventilation; air ducts; air leaks; clean rooms

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43INDUSTRIJA HLAĐENJA U SRBIJI

SA OSVRTOM NA IZVEDENE OBJEKTE SOKO INŽINJERINGA U INDUSTRIJSKOM I KOMERCIJALNOM HLAĐENJU

REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY IN SERBIA WITH AN OVERVIEW OF FACILITIES CONSTRUCTED BY SOKO ENGINEERING

IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATIONNinoslav SRDIĆ


Razvoj industrije hlađenja u Srbiji datira još od početka 19. veka kada je napravljena i puštena u rad prva hladnjača u Beogradu. Od tada do danas postignut je napredak koji su

posebno u protekloj deceniji obeležila nastojanja da se poveća energetska efikasnost, smanji štetan uticaj na životnu sredinu,

kao i ponovno uvođenje prirodnih rashladnih sredstava. Pomaci su napravljeni upotrebom efikasnijih uređaja,

korištenjem otpadne toplote kondenzacije, povećanjem zaptivenosti sistema i smanjenjem količine rashladnih

fluida u sistemima. Takođe, danas skoro svi veći objekti u Srbiji imaju sisteme za praćenje i nadzor rada rashladnih

instalacija, koji su važan segment energetske efikasnosti. Pre par godina Soko Inžinjering je uradio i prvi probni kaskadni

rashladni sistem sa ugljen-dioksidom, a ove godine i prvi traskritični rashladni sistem supermarketa.

The refrigeration industry development in Serbia began at the beginning of 19th century, when the first cold store was constructed and commissined in Belgrade. Since then, and especially in the previous decade, significant progress has been made with efforts to increase energy efficiency, to reduce negative environmental impacts and to reintroduce natural refrigerants. Progress has been made by using more effient equipment, by using waste condensation heat, by insreasing the system tightness, and by reducing refrigerant charge in systems. Furthermore, today almost all large facilities in Serbia have systems for surveillance and supervision of the refirgeration system operation, which is an important segment of energy efficiency. A few years ago Soko Engineering developed the first pilot cascade CO2 refrigeration system, and this year the company developed the first transcritical refrigeration system for a supermarket

Ključne reči: industrija hlađenja; rashladni sistemi; energetska efikasnost; zaštita životne sredine;

prirodna rashladna sredstva

Key words: refrigeration industry; refrigeration systems; energy efficiency; environmental protection; natural refrigerants

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44RAZVOJ RASHLADNIH SISTEMA SA CO2 U SRBIJI

DEVELOPMENT OF CO2 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS IN SERBIAŽeljka VUKOVIĆ, Milan MARKOVIĆ


Kako svi sintetički rashladni fluidi uključujući i tzv. ekološke freone utiču na globalno zagrevanje, došlo je do razvoja i masovne upotrebe prirodnih rashladnih fluida. Jedan od prirodnih rashladnih fluida koji je pogodan ne

samo za rashladne sisteme sa niskim temperaturama isparavanja, već i za rashladne sisteme supermarketa je ugljen-dioksid. Nakon pojave prvih rashladnih sistema

sa CO2 u razvijenim zemljama, razvijeni su i prvi sistemi sa CO2 u Srbiji. Kompanija Soko Inžinjering je

razvila i pustila u rad prvi kaskadni rashladni sistem sa R134a i CO2 za supermarkete, a potom i rashladni

agregat za transkritični rashladni sistem sa CO2. Nakon razvoja i proizvodnje agregata za transkritični rashladni sistem, sada već višedecenijsko iskustvo upotrebljeno je i

pri izvođenju trankritičnih rashladnih sistema u supermarketima.

Since all synthetic refrigerants, including so called “environmental freons”, affect global warming, there has been the development and frequent use of natural refrigerants. One of the natural refrigerants suitable not only for refrigeration systems with low evaporation temperatures, but also for supermarket refrigeration systems, is carbon dioxide. After the first CO2 refrigeration systems in developed countries had been installed, the first CO2 systems in Serbia were developed. Soko Engineering has developed and put into operation the first cascade refrigeration system with R134a and CO2 for supermarkets. Also, Soko Engineering has developed a refrigeration unit for the transcritical refrigeration system with CO2. After the development and production of central units for the transcritical refrigeration system, our experience lasting for several decades have been used to install transcritical refrigeration systems in supermarkets.

Ključne reči: CO2; transkritični proces; rashladni sistem supermarketa

Key words: CO2; transcritical process; supermarket refrigeration

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45SPREČAVANJE CURENJA VAZDUHA IZ KANALSKIH MREŽA KGH

PREVENTION OF AIR LEAKAGE FROM HVAC DUCT NETWORKMilovan ŽIVKOVIĆ1, Vuk ŽIVKOVIĆ2

1 Cappoto Build, Beograd2 SMATSA, Beograd

Curenje vazduha iz kanalskih mreža postrojenja KGH može biti posledica njihovog projektovanja, proizvodnje, transporta i/ili montaže. Ta pojava može da bude uzrok problemima koji su često nerešivi. Ona smanjuje kvalitet

svih zahtevanih faktora zone ugodnosti, povećava troškove potrošnje električne energije i održavanja, što sve zajedno

može da utiče na osnovni cilj izgradnje objekta – profit. U radu se analiziraju problemi curenja vazduha iz ovih mreža

i daju preporuke za njihovo rešavanje. Takođe, analiziraju se i mere koje treba da preduzmu investitori pri ugovaranju

i kontroli projektovanja i izvođenja. Tek nakon navedenih postupaka mogu se očekivati pozitivni rezultati testiranja

zaptivenosti kanalskih mreža.

Air leakage from HVAC system duct network can be a result of its design, manufacture, transport and/or installation. Air leakage can cause problems that can often be unsolvable. It decreases the quality of all required factors of the comfort zone and increases the costs of electricity consumption and maitenance, which have cobined negative impact on the primary goal of the plant construction – profit. This paper analyzes air leakage problems in these networks and gives recommensations for their solution. The paper also analyzes the measures that should be undertaken by investors when arranging and controlling the system design and construction. Only after such procedures it is possible to expect positive results of duct network tightness testing.

Ključne reči: curenje; vazduh; kanalske mreže Key words: lekage; air; HVAC duct network

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47VREMENA SE MENJAJU I U SVETU INDUSTRIJSKOG HLAĐENJA

THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGING – ALSO IN THE WORLD OF INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION

Alexander Cohr PACHAI Johnson Controls, Hoejbjerg Denmark

Od potpisivanja sporazuma (amandmana) u Kigaliju oktobra meseca 2016. godine, stvari se menjaju brže nego što smo mogli da pretpostavimo. CO2 nije samo novi rashladni fluid, već nam

je omogućio i mnoge nove načine na koje stvari mogu da se rade, ali neki od njih, kao što su ejektori i paralelni kompresori,

nisu ograničeni da bi se koristili sa CO2. U Evropi se skoro završilo postepeno isključivanje iz upotrebe CFC i HCFC

supstanci, i pojavili su se mnogi projekti u kojima se koriste drugi rashladni fluidi, neki sa više a neki sa manje uspeha.

Klimatske promene i sve veća usredsređenost na zagađenje je takođe promenila i paletu proizvoda. Pojavljuju se toplotne pumpe koje obezbeđuju temperature u opsegu od 100 °C do

200 °C, a vrše se neki eksperimenti i sa višim temperaturama. Predloženi su mnogi novi rashladni fluidi i mešavine

rashladnih fluida, mnogi su se pojavili i ponovo nestali. Ispitivane su mnoge nove primene i predložena su razna

rešenja. Budući da grejanje i hlađenje prostora čini oko 35% do 40% globalnih energetskih potreba, to je važno tržište na

koje proizvođači treba da se usredsrede. Industriji je potrebna toplota mnogo veće temperature, što predstavlja izazov na koji usmeravaju pažnju neki proizvođači i univerziteti. U

industrijskim primenama, kao što su sušenje i proizvodnja pare, temperature mogu da budu visoke čak 160 °C, a nekim

drugim tržištima su potrebne čak i više temperature.

Since the signing of the Kigali agreement in October 2016, things have been changing faster than many would have guessed. CO2 was not only the new refrigerant, it also provided us with many new ways of doing things, but some of these things, such as ejectors and parallel compressors, are not limited to be used with CO2. The phase-out of the CFC and HCFC in Europe has been ended, and many projects using other refrigerants have emerged, some more successful than others. The climate changes and the increased focus on pollution also change the palette of products. Heat pumps delivering temperatures between 100 °C and 200 °C are on the way, as referenced below, and some are experimenting with even higher temperatures. Many new refrigerants and refrigerant blends have been proposed, and many blends have emerged and disappeared again. Many new applications have been tested and various solutions have been proposed. As space heating and cooling absorb about 35% to 40% of the global energy demand, this is an important market for manufacturers to focus on. The industry needs heat at much higher levels, which is a challenge some manufacturers and universities have focused on. In industrial applications, such as drying and steam production, the temperatures can be as high as 160 °C, and other markets need even higher temperatures than that.

Ključne reči: industrijsko hlađenje; Amandman iz Kigalija Key words: industrial refrigeration; Kigali agreement

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49PRAĆENJE I ANALIZA ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI

MONITORING AND ANALYSING ENERGY EFFICIENCYAndy PEARSON

Star Refrigeration Ltd, UK

Rasprostranjena upotreba rashladnih i klimatizacionih uređaja dovodi do toga da je ovaj sektor jedan od glavnih potrošača

električne energije u svetu. Zabrinutost zbog emisija ugljenika i globalnog zagrevanja, zajedno sa strahom od narušavanja

kontinuiteta energetske sigurnosti, dovodi do nestabilnosti cena i povećanog interesa za efikasnijim rashladnim sistemima.

Povećana primena kućnih i industrijskih toplotnih pumpi čini energetski imperativ još značajnijim. Ipak je i dalje očigledno

da mnogi industrijski sistemi ne rade na efikasan način i pružaju ogromne mogućnosti za poboljšanje. Ovaj rad ispituje

razloge zbog kojih sadašnji sistemi nisu već bolji i istražuje načine na koje se mogu postići korisne promene kako bi sistemi

bili jeftiniji i pouzdaniji u radu.

The widespread use of refrigeration and air-conditioning means that this sector is one of the main users of electricity in the world. Concerns about carbon emissions and global warming coupled with fears about continuity of energy security mean that prices are volatile and that there is an increased interest in making refrigerating systems more efficient. Increased deployment of heat pumps at the domestic and industrial sizes makes the energy imperative even more significant. Yet it is still evident that many industrial systems do not operate in an efficient manner and provide huge scope for improvement. This paper examines reasons why current systems are not already better and explores ways in which beneficial change can be achieved in order to make systems cheaper and more reliable in operation.

Ključne reči: energija; efikasnost; monitoring; hlađenje; toplotna pumpa

Key words: energy; efficiency; monitoring; refrigeration; heat pump

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51POTROŠNJA ENERGIJE RASHLADNIH SISTEMA

INDUSTRIJSKIH DIMENZIJAENERGY CONSUMPTION OF INDUSTRIAL SIZE

REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSThomas LUND1, Morten Juel SKOVRUP1, Mads HOLST2

1 Danfoss Industrial Refrigeration2 Danfoss Refrigeration and A/C Controls

U ovom radu je prikazano poređenje potrošnje energije industrijskih sistema uobičajenih dimenzija, a između

ostalog i odgovarajuće varijacije projekta sistema i uslova sredine. Poređenje je zasnovano na modelima simulacije koji

obuhvatavaju stvarne podatke o kompresoru, modele složenih razmenjivača toplote i stvarne podatke o sredini.

Sistemi koji su izabrani za poređenje obuhvataju:

– Transkritični CO2, DX Transkritični CO2, sa pumpom– Dvostepeni R717, sa pumpom

– Kaskadni CO2/R717, sa pumpom– Dvostepeni R507, sa pumpom

Svi sistemi su ispitani u 3 različite dimenzije sa “standardnim” i optimizovanim izvođenjem. Optimizacije obuhvataju paralelnu

kompresuju, hibridne hladnjake, ejektore i ekonomajzere, gde je to bilo prikladno. Proračuni su obavljeni za različite

klimatske uslove, od hladnih do toplih klimaskih uslova.

In this paper we present a comparison of the energy consumption of common industrial size systems, including the appropriate variations in system design and ambient conditions. The comparison is based on simulations models that include real compressor data, complex heat exchanger models and real ambient data.The systems selected for comparison is:– Transcritical CO2, DX– Transcritical CO2, pumped– Two-stage R717, pumped– CO2/R717 cascade, pumped– Two-stage R507, pumpedAll systems have been investigated in 4 different sizes, in both a ‘standard’ and an optimized execution. Optimizations include parallel compression, hybrid coolers, ejectors and economizers where applicable. Calculations are performed for various climate conditions, ranging from cold to hot climates.

Ključne reči: potrošnja energije; industrijski rashladni sistemi

Key words: energy consumption; industrial refrigeration systems

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52ENERGETSKA EFIKASNOST

INDUSTRIJSKIH RASHLADNIH SISTEMAENERGY EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

Ninoslav SRDIĆ, Željka VUKOVIĆSoko inžinjering, Beograd

Energetska efikasnost je jedan od kriterijuma prilikom izbora vrste rashladnog sistema. Ostali važni kriterijumi su bezbednost

sistema, investiciona i eksploataciona vrednost. Optimalan izbor rashladnog sistema podrazumeva sagledavanje svih njegovih uticaja i korištenje toplote koja se može dobiti iz rashladnog sistema, čime se smanjuje potrošnja energije u

drugim sistemima i povećava energetska efikasnost objekta kao celine. Toplota dobijena iz rashladnog sistema se može koristiti

za grejanje u zimskom periodu, grejanje sanitarne tople vode, otapanje isparivača ili hladnjaka rashladnog sistema, grejanje

poda u hladnjačama sa negativnom temperaturom radi zaštite poda od smrzavanja i sl. Prilikom izbora rashladnog sistema

neophodno je posmatrati potrebe kompletnog objekta i drugih sistema, kako bi se u okviru optimalnih investicionih ulaganja

iskoristile sve raspoložive mogućnosti.

Energy efficiency is one of the criteria when choosing a type of cooling system. Other important criteria are system security, investment, and exploitation value. The optimum choice of a cooling system involves considering all its effects and using the heat that can be obtained from the cooling system, thereby reducing the energy consumption of other systems and increasing the energy efficiency of the facility as a whole. The heat obtained from the cooling system can be used for winter heating, hot water heating, defrosting of evaporators or coolers of the cooling system, heating the floor in cold stores with freezing temperature, etc. When choosing a refrigeration system, it is necessary to look at the needs of the complete facility and other systems, in order to take advantage of all available opportunities within the optimal investment investments.

Ključne reči: industrijski rashladni sistem; energetska efikasnost; zaštita životne sredine

Key words: industrial refrigeration system; energy efficiency; environmental protection

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53KLIMATSKE PROMENE I SISTEMI ZA KGHCLIMATE CHANGE AND HVACR SYSTEMS

Risto CICONKOVMašinski fakultet – Skopje, Severna Makedonija

Na početku su dati pokazatelji na globalnom nivou: broj stanovnika u svetu danas i predviđanja za razvijene i

zemlje u razvoju. Prikazani su sledeći dijagrami: svetska ukupna potrošnja primarne energije, CO2 emisije u svetu

od sagorevanja goriva od 1971, kao i kumulativne CO2 emisije po regionima od 1750 g. do sada. Priloženi su fakti o

klimatskim promenama, a to su sledeći pokazatelji (prema WMO i IPCC): povećanje koncentracije GHG, porast globalne

temperature vazduha u atmosferi, porast nivoa mora i dr. Nabrojane su posledice od globalnog zagrevanja: ekstremne

kiše i poplave; visoke temperature – toplotni talasi, suše, šumski požari; velike štete u poljoprivredi; štetni uticaji na

životnu sredinu itd. IPCC daje nekoliko scenarija za globalni porast temperature vazduha do 2100 godine, zа globalni

porast nivoa mora i dr. Aktivnosti međunarodne zajednice o klimatskim promenama su organizovane preko: IPCC,

UNFCCC, Kjoto protokol, Pariski ugovor i kontinuiranih pregovara. Evropska Unija (EU) je verovatno najnaprednija u borbi sa klimatskim promenama. Navedene su nekoliko bitnih

strategija:do 2020 g., do 2030 g.i do 2050 g.

Indicators at a global level are presented: population in the world today and forecasts for developed and developing countries. The following diagrams are presented: world total primary energy consumption, global CO2 emissions from combustion since 1971, as well as cumulative CO2 emissions by regions since 1750. Facts for climate change are included (according to WMO and IPCC): increase in GHG concentrations, increase in air temperature, sea level rise, etc. The consequences of global warming are listed: extreme rainfall and floods; high temperatures – heat waves, droughts, wildfires; huge damage to agriculture; harmful impacts on the environment, etc. The IPCC provides several scenarios for a global rise of air temperature up to 2100, for a global rise of sea level etc. The activities of the international community on climate change are organized through: IPCC, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and continuous negotiations. The European Union (EU) is probably the most advanced in the battle against climate change. Some important strategies are outlined: by 2020, by 2030, and by 2050.

Ključne reči: klimatske promene; energija; sistemi za KGH

Key words: climate change; energy; HVACR systems

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54POBOLJŠANJE SISTEMA ZA KGH RADI POVEĆANJA KVALITETA

UNUTRAŠNJE SREDINE I ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI – “TROPSKO VOĆE NADOHVAT RUKE”

HVAC SYSTEM ENHANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED IEQ AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY – “TROPICAL LOW HANGING FRUITS”

Chandra SEKHAR, Department of Building National University of Singapore

Sistem za KGH treba da obavlja primarnu ulogu klimatizovanja vazduha pre nego što takav vazduh bude

doveden u zone zgrade u kojima se boravi. Sve veća pažnja koja se posvećuje ljudima u zgradama i neosporna potreba da

se smanji zavisnost od fosilnih goriva zbog zabrinutosti oko klimatskih promena iziskuje od stručnjaka za projektovanje

sistema KGH da istraže inovativna sredstva i strategije kojima će povećati učinak sistema za KGH kako bi obezbedili bolji

kvalitet unutrašnje sredine i veću energetsku efikasnost. Rad se bavi jednostavnim ispativim intervencijama koje obuhvataju

nove strategije ili tehnologije u tropskim krajevima, koje su nazvane “topskih voće nadohvat ruke” i koje bi mogle

značajno da poboljšaju energetske karakteristike zgrada, a i istovremeno da povećaju kvalitet unutrašnje sredine. Nove tehnologije ili strategije se očigledno lakše mogu primeniti u

novim zgradama. Međutim, takve tehnologije se mogu smatrati i održivim rešenjima tokom faze obnove postojeće zgrade.

Pored toga, nekoliko intervencija se lako može izvestii u fazi uobičajene eksploatacije tj. rada zgrade. Različite tehnologije/

strategije koje su prikazane u ovom radu razmatraju se u kontekstu kako novih, tako i postojećih zgrada.

The HVAC system needs to serve the primary role of conditioning the air before it is delivered to the occupied zones of a building. The increasing focus on human centricity in buildings and the unquestionable need to curb the dependency on fossil fuels due to climate change considerations has necessitated the HVAC design professionals to explore innovative means and strategies to enhance HVAC system performance for improved Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and energy efficiency. This paper deals with simple cost effective interventions, comprising new strategies or technologies in the tropics, dubbed Tropical Low Hanging Fruits that could significantly improve the energy performance of the buildings whilst simultaneously enhancing IEQ. It is obvious that new technologies or strategies are easier to be implemented in new buildings. However, such technologies could be easily seen as viable options during the refurbishment phase of an existing building. In addition, several interventions become easily possible in the normal operation stage of a building. The various technologies/strategies presented in this paper are discussed in the context of both new and existing buildings.

Ključne reči: sistem za KGH; poboljšanje karakteristika; kvalitet unutrašnje sredine; energetska efikasnost; zgrade u tropskim krajevima; jeftine intervencije

Key words: HVAC system; performance enhancements; indoor environmental quality; energy efficiency; tropical buildings; low cost interventions

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58PONOVNO KORIŠĆENJE RASHLADNIH FLUIDA – REKUPERACIJA, RECIKLAŽA, OBNAVLJANJE

RE-USING REFRIGERANTS – RECOVERY, RECYCLE, RECLAIM

Hrvoje KRAPANIĆDaikin Airconditioning Central Europe, Vienna, Austria

Industrija KGH traži načine da ublaži uticaj na globalno zagrevanje. Evropska unija je donela Uredbu (EU) 517/2014

koja postavlja ciljeve da se u periodu od 2015. do 2030. postepeno smanji korišćenje fluorisanih ugovoljovodnika

(HFC supstanci), koji se najčešće koriste kao rashladni fluidi u industriji KGH. Budući da se time smanjuje upotreba HFC

supstanci, u ovoj industriji postoji zabrinutost da narednih godina na tržištu neće biti dovoljno rashladnh fluida. Pojavljuju

se novi rashladni fluidi i postavlja se pitanje dostupnosti rashladnih fluida neophodnih za servisiranje. U isto vreme, ne postoji nijedan realističan plan o tome kako koristiti potencijal

rekuperisanih rashladnih fluida koji sezamenjuju ili obnavljaju. Ovaj rad će opisati jedan način kako se može koristiti potencijal

rekuperisanog rashladnog fluida preko tržišne platforme (radnog naziva 3R), kojim bi se stvorilo transparentno tržište

za vlasnike korišćenih rashladnih fluida i preduzeća koja imaju mogućnost da ih recikliraju ili obnavljaju, i da se omogući

trgovina. Specičičnost 3R platforme jeste u sakupljanju manjih količina rashladnog fluida iz pojedinačnih instalacija ili

preduzeća za servisiranje. Ponovnim korišćenje postojećeg rashladnog fluida, štitimo životnu sredinu jer se rashladni fluid

ne ispušta u atmosferu i pomažemo cirkularnu ekonomiju. Pored toga, na taj način se obezbeđuje dovoljno rashladnog

fluida za industriju KGH u budućem periodu.

HVAC industry looks for the ways how to mitigate its effect on global warming. EUropan Union delivered Regulation EU 517/2014 which sets targets for the period 2015-2030 to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) which are in reality mostly used as refrigerants in HVAC industry. Since the phase down is planning reduction of HFCs, industry is worried that there will not be enough refrigerant on the market in following years. New refrigerants appear, and there is a question of availability of refrigerants needed for servicing. At the same time, there is not any real plan how to use potential of refrigerants recovered from machines, which are being replaced or retrofitted. This paper will describe one possible way of using the potential of recovered refrigerant through the market platform (working name 3R) which it should create transparent market place for used refrigerant owners and companies with recycling or reclamation capabilities, and enable trading. Specifics of the 3R platform is the collection of smaller quantities of refrigerant, recovered by individual installation or service companies. By re-using already existing refrigerant, we are safeguarding our environment from having it released into the atmosphere, and we support circulare economy. Next to that, it should help securing enough refrigerant in the future period for the HVAC industry.

Ključne reči: rashladni fluidi; rekuperacija; ponovno korišćenje; obnavljanje; F gasovi

Key words: refrigerants; recovery; re-use; reclaim; F-gases

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60BEZBEDNA UPOTREBA AMONIJAKA

USING AMMONIA SAFELYAndy PEARSON

Star Refrigeration Ltd, UK

Amonijak se široko koristi kao rashladno sredstvo već više od 150 godina. Mnogo je razloga zašto je tako dugo u

upotrebi, posebno imajući u vidu da je zapaljiv i toksičan. Nedavna dostignuća u tehnologiji, zajedno sa promenama u

zdravstvenom i bezbednosnom zakonodavstvu, transformisali su načine korišćenja amonijaka u modernim sistemima

za hlađenje i klimatizaciju, i u sistemima sa toplotnim pumpama. U ovom radu su navedeni glavni izazovi i opisani

su načini na koje ih savremeno projektovani amonijačni sistemi rešavaju.

Ammonia has been widely used as a refrigerant for well over 150 years. There are many reasons why it is so resilient, particularly given that it is both flammable and toxic. Recent developments in technology coupled with changes to health and safety legislation have transformed the ways that ammonia is being used in modern refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems. This paper outlines the main challenges and describes the ways in which modern ammonia system design addresses them.

Ključne reči: amonijak; bezbednost; procena rizika; hlađenje; toplotna pumpa

Key words: ammonia; safety; risk assessment; refrigeration; heat pump

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63UTICAJ KVALITETA PODZEMNIH VODA

NA RAD TOPLOTNE PUMPEIMPACT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY

ON HEAT PUMP OPERATIONMilan MITRIĆ

Biro “Solar”, Pančevo, Srbija

U radu je napravljen osvrt na uticaj kvaliteta podzemnih voda na ispravan rad i kapacitet toplotnih pumpi na bazi primera iz prakse. Nije dovoljno odrediti samo izdašnost

i dubinu bunara kao izvorišta več je neophodno još u fazi izrade projekta uraditi i hemijsku analizu vode kako bi se izbegli eventualni problemi u eksploataciji. Zabluda

je da samo mehaničke nečistoće podzemnih voda mogu uticati na rad toplotne pumpe; još veće probleme stvaraju

bakterije koje se mogu pojaviti u sredini povećane koncentracije nekih hemijskih elemenata.

Kako do rešenja?

The paper deals with the impact of groundwater quality on the proper operation and capacity of heat pumps based on practical examples. It is not enough to determine the abundance and depth of the well as a source, but it is also necessary to perform a chemical water analysis at the project design stage in order to avoid possible exploitation problems. It is a misconception that only mechanical groundwater impurities can affect the operation of a heat pump; even greater problems are caused by bacteria that may appear in the environment of increased concentrations of some chemical elements. How to find a solution?

Ključne reči: podzemne vode; toplotne pumpe; hemijska analiza

Key words: groundwater; heat pumps; chemical analysis

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64ISPALTIVO REŠENJE ZA KOMERCIJALNE RASHLADNE SISTEME

NA CO2 MANJE VELIČINE KOJI KORISTE EJEKTORE COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR SMALLER SIZE CO2 COMMERCIAL

REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS UTILIZING EJECTOR TECHNOLOGYMark SEVER, Ekaterini E. KRIEZI

Danfoss Cooling

Zbog sprovođenja nove uredbe EU 517/2014 o F gasovima, nova rešenja sa prirodnim rashladnim fluidima se sve više koriste u komercijalnom hlađenju i klimatizaciji. Najčešće

korišćeni standardni CO2 transkritični buster sistem ima nedostatke u energetskoj efikasnosti pri višim temperaturama

sredine koje su tipične za Južnu Evropu. Zbog toga su napravljena mnoga unpaređenja, kao što su sistemi paralelne kompresije, ejektori za smanjivanje visokog pritiska i ejektori

za izvlačenje tečnosti. Sve ove tehnologije donose bolju efikasnost CO2 tokom cele godine u poređenju sa standardnim

rešenjem i mogu se primeniti u srednjim i velikim sistemima, u kojima je prihvatljiv period povraćaja ulaganja.

Poboljšanje efikasnosti u manjim komercijalnim rashladnim sistemima nije se razmatralo u svetlu korišćenja CO2 zbog

troškova primene i složenosti tehnologije. Novi razvoj ejektora otvara mogućnost konstrukcije isplativih manjih

komercijalnih rashladnih sistema na CO2 i poboljšanja efikasnosti pri temperaturama sredine iznad 25 °C pomoću

ejektora sa visokim stepenom ejekcije. Različita merenje režima rada potkrepljena proračunom i poređenjem godišnje

potrošnje standardnog sistema i sistema sa ejektorom koji ima visok stepen ejekcije pokazaće prednost ovog novog

predloženog rashladnog sistema koji koristi CO2

Due to new F-Gas regulation EU 517/2014 implementation, new solutions with natural refrigerants become more and more used in commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning. Widely used standard CO2 Transcritical Booster system has drawback in energy efficiency during higher ambient temperatures conditions what is typical in South Europe. Because of that reasons many improvements has been developed like parallel compression and high pressure lift ejectors and liquid ejectors. All those technologies brings CO2 better efficiency though all year comparing to standard solution and is applicable for medium and large systems where payback time is acceptable.Improving efficiency in small commercial refrigeration systems was out of CO2 perspective because of implementation cost and technology complexity. New development in ejectors opens a possibility to build cost effective smaller size CO2 commercial refrigeration systems and improve efficiency in ambient temperatures above 25 °C using ejector with high entrainment ratio. Different operation modes measurements supported by calculation and annual consumption comparison between standard system and system with high entrainment ratio ejector will demonstrate advantage of this new proposed CO2 refrigeration system.

Ključne reči: komercijalni rashladni sistemi; CO2; ejektor

Key words: commercial refrigeration systems; CO2; ejector

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65UPOREDNA ANALIZA POTROŠNJE ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE

KASKADNOG SISTEMA R134A/CO2 SA JEDNOSTEPENOM R404A I DVOSTEPENOM CO2 INSTALACIJOM

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF CASCADE SYSTEM R134A/CO2 WITH SINGLE STAGE R404A

AND TWO-STAGE CO2 INSTALLATIONDimitrije NINKOVIĆ, Uroš MILOVANČEVIĆ, Milena OTOVIĆ, Vladimir ČERNICIN

Mašinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Beograd

U radu je sprovedena analiza potrošnje električne energije tri različite rashladne instalacije: kaskadne rashladne mašine sa

rashladnim fluidima R134a u gornjoj i CO2 u donjoj kaskadi, jednostepene rashladne mašine koja radi sa freonom R404A i dvostepene natkritične rashladne mašine sa fluidom CO2. Ispitan je indirektan uticaj rashladnog sistema na globalno

zagrevanje kroz potrošnju električne energije. Dat je opis ovih termodinamičkih ciklusa i napravljeni su modeli na

osnovu kojih je vršena analiza potrošnje električne energije potrebne za pogon kompresora kao najvećeg potrošača,

za rashladni učinak isparivača od 5,7 kW na temperaturi isparavanja –30 °C za meteorološku 2017. godinu na

teritoriji grada Beograda. Kao osnova za poređenje usvojena je postojeća rashladna mašina koja se nalazi u Laboratoriji za

termotehniku na Mašinskom fakultetu u Beogradu.

The paper analyzes electricity consumption of three different refrigeration installations: a cascade refrigeration system with R134a in the high temperature circuit and CO2 in the low temperature circuit, a single stage refrigeration system operating with R404A, and a two-stage transcritical CO2 system. The indirect impact of the refrigeration system on global warming through electricity consumption was examined. Thermodynamic cycles of these installations have been described and models have been developed to analyze the electricity consumption required to drive the compressor as thelargest consumer, for the cooling capacity of the evaporator 5,7 kW at evaporation temperature –30 °C for meteorological year of 2017, in the city of Belgrade. As a basis for the comparative analysis, the existing cascade refrigeration system, which is located in the Laboratory for Thermal Science at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Belgrade, was selected.

Ključne reči: kaskadna rashladna mašina; CO2; R404A; GWP; potrošnja električne energije

Key words: cascade refrigeration system; CO2; R404A; GWP; electricity consumption

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66MODELIRANJE TOPLOTNE PUMPA VAZDUH–VODA

AIR–WATER HEAT PUMP MODELLINGGratiela TARLEA1,2, Mioara VINCERIUC1,2, Ion ZABET2

1 Techical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, 2 Romanian General Association of Refrigeration, Bucharest Romania

Rad se bavi teoretskim i eksperimentalnim modeliranjem toplotne pumpe vazduh–voda koja koristi R134a.

U radu su simulacije obavljene korišćenjem softvera EES, REFPROP i Clima Check.

This paper has focused on theoretical and experimental air–water R134a heat pump modelling.The simulatons in the study have been performed using EES, REFPROP and Clima Check Software.

Ključne reči: simulacije; toplotna pumpa; modeliranje

Key words: simulations; heat pump; modelling

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67KOMPARATIVNA STUDIJA RASHLADNIH FLUIDA

R134A, R1234YF, MV3T I MV3TNCOMPARATIVE REFRIGERANTS STUDY OF

R134A, R1234YF, MV3T AND MV3TNMioara VINCERIUC1,2, Gratiela TARLEA1,2

1 Techical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest2 Romanian General Association of Refrigeration, Bucharest Romania

Ovaj rad se bavi teoretskim aspektima toplotne pumpe vazduh-voda koja kao rashladni fluid koristi R134a. U studiji

su simulacije obavljene pomoću softvera EES i REFPROP sa drugim ekološkim alternativama sa stanovišta usklađenosti sa

Uredbom (EU) 517/2014.

This paper has focused on theoretical air-water heat pump which works using refrigerant R134a. In this study simulations were performed using EES and REFPROP software with other ecological alternatives from the viewpoint of compliance with Regulation (EU) 517/2014.

Ključne reči: rashladni fluidi, mešavina, potencijal globalnog zagrevanja – GWP, faktor ukupnog ekvivalentnog

uticaja na zagrevanje – TEWI

Key refrigerants; mixture; GWP; TEWI factor

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68ZAMENA R22 U KLIZALIŠTIMA

REPLACEMENT OF R22 FOR ICE RINK APPLICATIONSLiviu DRUGHEAN, Anica ILIE, Alina GIRIP, Alexandru SERBAN

1 Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania

U radu se predstavlja teoretska analiza upotrebe R22 i mogućih mešavina sa niskim GWP u čileru kapaciteta

350 kW namenjenom klizalištima. Preporučeni rashladni fluidi za nove sisteme su R417A, R422A, R438A, R449A,

R454A R454C kao zamena za R22. Autori analiziraju mogućnost zamene R22 prirodnim rashladnim fluidom (R717), koji se trenutno koristi u postojećim sistemima.

Osobine rahsladnih fluida su izračunate za temperaturu isparavanja od -15 °C, različite temperature kondenzacije, -5, 10 i 25° C, izentropsku efikasnost od 0,77 (single-screw

kompresor) i pothlađivanje od 5 K. Opšte karakteristike novih zamenskih fluida uporedive su sa R22. Međutim,

EER je 0,2-6,1% niži a brzina protoka fluida je 1-54% viša. Ulazna snaga je slična onoj za R22 a temperatura na

ispustu kompresora je niža u odnosu na R22.

This paper presents a theoretical analysis using R22 and possible lower global warming potential (GWP) mixtures in a chiller with 350kW cooling capacity for ice rink. The refrigerants recommended for new systems (new substitutes) are R417A, R422A, R438A, R449A, R454A and R454C as R22 replacements. Therefore, the authors analyze the possibility to replacement the R22 with a natural fluid (R717), substitutes currently used in existing systems. The performances of refrigerants are calculated for evaporating temperature -15°C, different condensing temperature -5, 10 and 25°C, isentropic efficiency 0.77 (single screw compressor) and subcooling 5K. The general performance for new substitutes are comparable with those of R22. However, the EER, is 0.2-6.1% lower and refrigerant mass flow rate is 1-54% higher. The input power is very similar to R22 and the discharge temperature at compressor is smaller than that of R22.

Ključne reči: zalihe R22; klizališta Key words: replacement R22; GWP, efficiency

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80STANDARDI ZA ENERGIJU U ZGRADAMA

OBJAVLJENI OD STRANE CEN-A I ISO-A KAO ,,SKUP STANDARDA O ENERGETSKIM KARAKTERISTIKAMA ZGRADA”

BUILDING ENERGY RELATED STANDARDS AS HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED BY CEN AND ISO “THE SET OF EPB STANDARDS”

Jaap HOGELINGISSO, The Netherlands

Evropska komisija je zatražila od Evropskog komiteta za standardizaciju (CEN) (nalog M480) da izradi standarde koji

podržavaju primenu preninačene Direktive o energetskim karakteristikama zgrada (EKZ) u zemljama članicama:

takozvani skup standarda o energetskim karakteristikama zgrada (standardi o EKZ).

U ovom radu su prikazani neki ključne aspekti koji karakterišu ovaj skup standarda o EKZ.

The European Commission asked CEN (mandate M480) to develop standards supporting the application of the recast EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) in the Member States: the so-called set of Energy Performance of Buildings standards (EPB standards).

This paper summarizes some key aspects that characterize this set of EPB standards.

Ključne reči: energetske karakteristike zgrada; EKZ; uredbe o EKZ; inspekcija sistema;

ocenjivanje energetskih karakteristika

Key words: energy performance of buildings; EPB; EPB regulations; system inspection; energy performance rating

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81MERENJE FIZIČKIH KARAKTERISTIKA ZGRADA

UPOTREBOM IZBAŽDARENIH MODELA ZA SIMULACIJUMEASURING BUILDING PHYSICS PROPERTIES

WITH CALIBRATED SIMULATION MODELSLjubomir JANKOVIĆ

University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Velika Britanija

Fizička svojstva zgrada koje se koriste retko se upoređuju sa specifikacijama proizvođača. Eksperimentalni rezultati

pokazuju da se ta svojstva mogu znatno razlikovati od teorijskih vrednosti posle izgradnje zgrade (“razlike u

performansama “), što dovodi do velike razlike između performansi ili karakteristika projektovane i izgradjene verzije. Tradicionalne metode za određivanje fizičkih svojstava zgrada

zasnovane su na ispitivanjima toplotnih gubitaka fizičkih testova grejanja uz pomoć prenosnih električnih grejača u

fazi toplotne ravnoteže zgrade, ili na dinamičkom ispitivanju zagrevanja uz pomoc istih takvih grejača. Obe metode se

smatraju invazivnim i nepraktičnim, jer zahtevaju da zgrade budu prazne tokom perioda ispitivanja u trajanju od najmanje jedne nedelje. Metoda razvijena ovim istraživanjem prevazilazi

potrebu za fizičkim testovima grejanja putem simuliranih dinamičkih ispitivanja grejanja sa modelima izbaždarenim

pomoću podataka dobijenih merenjem normalnog rada zgrade. Rezultati pokazuju velike razlike između teorijskih i stvarnih

vrednosti, zbog čega je potrebno ponovo odrediti teorijska svojstva građevinskih materijala. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da se izbaždareni modeli za simulaciju mogu koristiti za kontrolu

kvaliteta završenih zgrada.

Physical properties of buildings in use are rarely compared to manufacturers’ specifications. Experimental evidence shows that these properties could be significantly different from theoretical values after the building is constructed, leading to a gap between designed and actual performance (“performance gap”). Traditional methods for determining building physics properties are based on co-heating tests or dynamic heating test, both of which are considered to be invasive and impractical as they require vacant buildings and the use of portable electric heaters during the testing period of at least one week. The reported methodovercomes the need for physical heating tests, by conducting simulated dynamic heating tests with models calibrated using data from monitoring of the normal operation of the building. The results show significant discrepancies between theoretical and actual values, making a case for a re-evaluation of theoretical properties of building materials. This research shows how calibrated simulation models can be used for quality control of completed buildings.

Ključne reči: fizika zgrada; merenje svojstava; simulacija; baždarenje; razlike u performansama

Key words: building physics; measurement of properties; simulation; calibration; performance gap

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82ANALIZA UGRAĐENE ENERGIJE U PROCENI ŽIVOTNOG VEKA ZGRADE

NA PRIMERU ZGRADA U GRČKOJANALYSIS OF THE EMBODIED ENERGY IN THE BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT

OF HELLENIC BUILDINGSConstantinos A. BALARAS1, Elena G. DASCALAKI1, Poulia ARGIROPOULOU1, Kalliopi G. DROUTSA1,

Simon KONTOYIANNIDIS1, Dimitris KOUBOGIANNIS2

1 Group Energy Conservation, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Athens, Greece

2 Naval Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece

Budući da korišćenje operativne energije ide ka postizanju zgrada gotovo nulte energije, ugrađena energija u zgradama sve

više dobija na značaju. Održivo projektovanje nalaže efikasno korišćenje resursa tokom čitavog životnog veka zgrada u cilju

smanjenja uticaja na životnu sredinu. Ovaj rad predstavlja doprinos postojećem znanju o ulozi ugrađene energije u

korišćenju primarne energije tokom životnog veka tipičnih zgrada u Grčkoj sa različitim građevinskim karakteristikama i različite starosti. Koeficijenti ugrađene energije “od kolevke

do kapije” za uobičajenu građevinsku praksu izvedeni su kao merila ili pokazatelji koja omogućavaju prvu procenu. Trenutno raspložive baze podataka o ugrađenoj energiji mogu da pokažu

varijabilnost zbog nedoslednih metodologija korišćenih za utvrđivanje relevantnih podataka. Transnacionalne varijacije

koje se tiču raspoloživosti resursa u zemlji, njihovog vađenja tj. ekstrakcije i proizvodnih praksi, kao i mešavina goriva koje se koriste u proizvodnji građevinskih materijala, predstavljaju

razloge zbog kojih u postojećim bazama podataka postoje problemi neuporedivosti i mogućnosti ograničene primene.

U skladu sa tim, merodavni podaci se prikupljaju terenskim ispitivanjem lokalnih proizvodnih postrojenja u Grčkoj i porede

sa međunarodnim bazama podataka pomoću softvera Simapro LCA software.

As operational energy use is moving towards nearly zero energy buildings, the embodied energy of buildings is gaining importance. Sustainable design mandates an efficient use of resources throughout the life cycle of buildings to reduce the environmental impacts. The work contributes to the existing knowledge on the role of embodied energy in the lifetime primary energy use of typical Hellenic buildings with different construction characteristics and vintages. Cradle-to-gate embodied energy coefficients for common construction practices are derived as benchmarks to facilitate a first assessment. Currently available embodied energy databases may exhibit variabilities because of inconsistent methodologies that are used to determine the relevant data. The trans-national variations in the availability of in-land resources, extraction and manufacturing practices, as well as fuel mixes involved in the production of construction materials are some of the reasons why existing databases suffer from problems of incomparability and limited applicability. Accordingly, relevant data are collected by field surveys of local manufacturing facilities in Greece and compared against international data bases using the Simapro LCA software.

Ključne reči: ugrađena energija; životni vek zgrade; korišćenje energije

Key words: embodied energy; building life cycle; energy use

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83EKSPERIMENTALNO I NUMERIČKO ODREĐIVANJE

KOEFICIJENTA PROLAŽENJA TOPLOTE KROZ ŠESTOKOMORNI DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENI PVC PROZOR SA ARGONSKOM ISPUNOM

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL EXAMINATION OF THE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF THE PVC WINDOW FRAME

OF SIX CAVITIES WITH DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS FILLED WITH ARGONAleksandar KIJANOVIĆ1, Nedžad RUDONJA2, Milan GOJAK2

1 Laboratory for thermal technic and fire protection, Institute IMS, Belgrade2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade

U radu je prikazano određivanje koeficijenta prolaženja toplote korišćenjem softverskog paketa THERM na primeru

šestokomornog dvostruko zastakljenog PVC prozora sa argonskom ispunom. Numeričkim proračunom su

dobijene vrednosti temperaturnog polja unutar prozirnog i neprozirnog dela prozora, površinski toplotni protok, kao i

vrednost koeficijenta prolaženja toplote. Kako bi se utvrdila verodostojnost rezultata numeričkog proračuna sprovedena su

eksperimentalna ispitivanja datog PVC prozora korišćenjem hot-box metode. Uporednom analizom utvrđeno je dobro

slaganje eksperimentalnih i numeričkih vrednosti koeficijenta prolaženja toplote.

Abstract: In this paper we demonstrated an examination of thermal transmittance of the PVC window frame of six cavities with double glazed glass filled with argon using THERM software. The numerical simulations were performed to determine thermal transmittance, temperatures, and heat flow fields for a window. Experimental examinations were carried out for the verification of numerical simulations using the hot-box method. The comparative analysis showed good agreement between experimental and numerical values for thermal transmittance.

Ključne reči: THERM; koeficijent prolaženja toplote za prozor; termičke simulacije PVC prozora; eksperimentalna

ispitivanja PVC prozora

Key words: THERM; thermal transmittance of PVC window; thermal simulation of PVC windows; experimental examination of PVC windows

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84PREGLED ANALIZE TROŠKOVNO-OPTIMALNIH NIVOA

MINIMALNIH ZAHTEVA ZA ENERGETSKIM PERFORMANSAMA NESTAMBENIH ZGRADA U SRBIJI

REVIEW OF COST-OPTIMAL LEVELS ANALYSIS OF MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SERBIA

Martin ELEZOVIC1, Milica JOVANOVIĆ POPOVIĆ2, Branislav ŽIVKOVIĆ3

1 Atrium Consulting, Belgrade2 Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade

U skladu sa direktivom 2010/31/EU Evropskog parlamenta od 19. maja 2010. o energetskim

karakteristikama zgrada i obavezama Republike Srbije prema Energetskoj zajednici, novi pravilnici bi u Srbiji

trebalo da regulišu minimalne energetske karakteristike zgrada ili građevinskih elemenata radi postizanja

optimalnih troškovnih efekata. Ovaj rad daje uvid u komparatvinu metodologiju izračunavanja troškovno optimalnih nivoa minimalnih energetskih zahteva za

zgrade i elemente kao i za nestambene zgrade u Srbiji. Izračnuati troškovno optimalni nivoi će biti baza za nove

pravilnike o energetskoj efikasnosti u Srbiji. Ovakva analiza je izvedena korišćenjem dimaničkog modelovanja

karakteristika zgrada i troškova životnog veka, u skladu sa standardom EN 15459.

According to the EPBD – DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, and obligations of the Republic of Serbia towards the Energy Community, the new energy efficiency rulebooks in Serbia should assure that minimum energy performance requirements for buildings or building elements are set with a view to achieving cost optimal levels. This paper will provide insight into the comparative methodology framework for calculating cost-optimal levels of minimum energy performance requirements for buildings and building elements, and review the cost-optimal levels analysis of minimum energy performance requirements for non-residential buildings in Serbia. The calculated cost-optimal levels analysis findings will be the basis for the new energy efficiency rulebooks in Serbia. The cost-optimal levels analysis has been performed using the dynamic building performance modelling approach and life cycle cost calculation according to standard EN 15459.

Ključne reči: optimizacija troškova; EPBD; minimalni energetski zahtevi; energetska efikasnost

troškovi životnog ciklusa

Key words: cost-optimal; EPBD; minimum energy performance requirements; energy efficiency; life cycle cost

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85 OBLIKOVANJEM POLJOPRIVREDNOG OBJEKTA – SISTEMA

OSLANJAJUĆI SE NA BIOKLIMATSKE KARAKTERISTIKE TRADICIONALNIH VOJVOĐANSKIH KUĆA RADI PRILAZA STATUSU NULA EMISIIJE CO2

SHAPING THE MODEL OF FARMING SYSTEM FACILITY RELYING ON THE BIOCLIMATIC FEATURES OF TRADITIONAL VOJVODINA HOUSES

TO APPROACH ZERO CO2 EMISSION STATUS Jovana STANIŠIĆ

Department of Architecture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

Kao logičnom posledicom sve veće depopulacije vojvođanskih sela suočeni smo sa degradacijom tradicionalnih seoskih kuća i njihove

bioklimatske arhitekture. Ova sela, zajedno sa svojom jedinstvenom arhitekturom, predstavljaju identitet područja, ali ona polako nestaju

jer se ruralno stanovništvo sve više okreće gradovima, privučeno boljim uslovima rada u nepoljoprivrednim aktivnostima. Jedan od

problema današnje istraživačke prakse odnosi se na stalne pokušaje interpoliranja poljoprivredne proizvodnje unutar već preizgrađenih

i zagađenih urbanih okruženja, čineći sela još više zanemarenim. Ova razmatranja dovode do potrebe za uspostavljanjem jedinstvene

strategije koja bi omogućila oživljavanje ruralnih zajednica u Vojvodini i učinila ova područja naprednijim mestima za

život, zadržavajući poljoprivredu unutar ruralnih granica, kao i očuvanjem autentičnosti tradicionalne arhitekture. Neophodno je

pronaći način za usklađivanje tradicionalnog i modernog u ruralnim sredinama, što znači preispitati stare bioklimatske tehnologije izgradnje tradicionalne vojvođanske arhitekture i primeniti ih

u savremenim rešenjima, što bi omogućilo da staru arhitekturu sagledamo u novom svetlu u uslovima savremenog društva.

Predmet istraživanja je ispitivanje mogućnosti primene pasivnih strategija gradnje tradicionalnih vojvođanskih kuća u savremenoj

arhitekturi nadograđujući ih, kroz eksperimentalni studijski projekat zgrade poljoprivrednog sistema povećavajući nivo njihove

energetske efikasnosti kako bi se postigla ekonomično efikasna upotreba tehnologija obnovljivih izvora energije, posebno sunčeve i prilaz statusu nula emisije CO2 – modela za novi tip objekata u

vojvođanskim selima.

As a logical consequence of increasing depopulation of villages in Vojvodina, we are confronted with the degradation of traditional rural houses and their bioclimatic architecture. These villages, along with their unique architecture, represent the identity of the area but they are slowly disappearing as the rural population is increasingly turning to cities, attracted by better working conditions in non-agricultural activities. One of the problems of today’s research practice relates to the constant attempts of interpolating agricultural production into already overbuilt and polluted urban surrounding, making the villages even more neglected. These considerations lead to the need for establishing a unique strategy that would enable the revival of rural communities in Vojvodina and make these areas more advanced places to live, retaining agriculture within the rural boundaries, as well as preserving the authenticity of traditional architecture. It is necessary to find the way to reconcile traditional and modern in rural areas, reconsidering the old bioclimatic mature building technologies of traditional Vojvodina architecture and apply them in contemporary solutions, which would allow us to see old architecture in a new light in the conditions of modern society. Research objective is to explore the possibilities of applying the passive design construction strategies of the traditional Vojvodina houses in contemporary architecture and upgrading them, through the experimental study project of a Farming System facility, increase their energy efficiency to the necessary level to get cost-effective utilization of renewable energy sources, particularly solar, and enable further approach to the zero CO2 emission status of a Farming System facility – new model in the villages of Vojvodina.

Ključne reči: bioklimatska arhitektura; ruralno-urbano; poljoprivreda; energetska efikasnost; nula emisije CO2

Key words: bioclimatic architecture; rural-urban; agriculture; energy efficiency, zero CO2 emission

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86UNAPREĐENJE ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI

POSTOJEĆE ZGRADE U BEOGRADU PRIMENOM ZELENOG KROVAGREEN ROOF APPLICATION FOR INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY

OF THE EXISTING BUILDING IN BELGRADEDragoslav ŠUMARAC1, Zoran PEROVIĆ1, Stanko ĆORIĆ1, Snežana ISAKOVIĆ1

1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade2 Department of construction, Municipality of Stari Grad, Belgrade

U ovom radu prikazana je analiza primene zelenih krovova radi povećanja energetske efikasnosti stambenih objekata.

Naime, u gradskim sredinama postoji veliki potencijal za smanjenje utroška energije kako za grejanje, tako i za hlađenje. Između ostalog su i zbog toga zeleni krovovi u

razvijenim zemljama prepoznati kao jedna od mogućnosti za uštedu energije, ali isto tako i za zaštitu životne sredine i

podizanje samog kvaliteta života. Aktuelni propisi u Republici Srbiji ne uzimaju dovoljno u obzir efekte savremenih mera

za poboljšanje energetske efikasnosti u zgradarstvu. U ovom radu je data analiza mogućeg poboljšanja energetske efikasnosti primenom različitih tipova zelenih krovova. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ukaže na finansijsku uštedu, ali i na druge efekte koje su značajni za održivi razvoj urbanih sredina, a koje se ostvaruju primenom zelenih krovova. U radu je prikazana analiza postavljanja zelenog krova na

jednu stambenu zgardu sa ravnim krovom u centru Beograda. Ključni pokazatelj profitabilnosti ulaganja u ovom slučaju je bilo smanjenje potrebne energije za grejanje i hlađenje. Osim

ekonomskog aspekta, analizirani su i drugi pozitivni uticaji primene zelenog krova. Proračun je posebno sproveden za

stan na poslednjoj etaži (ispod ravnog krova) za tri različita modela renovacije. Upoređene su izračunate vrednosti

smanjenja godišnje potrebne energije za hlađenje i grejanje.

This paper presents the analysis of the potential use of green roofs to enhance the energy efficiency of residential buildings. Namely, in urban areas there is a lot of potential for reducing the energy needed for heating and cooling in the existing buildings. Thus, in developed countries, green roofs are recognized as one of the important tools for energy savings, but also in accomplishing environmental protection and raising the quality of life. Current regulations in the Republic of Serbia do not adequately demonstrate the effects of contemporary measures of energy efficiency improvement in buildings. This paper provides an analysis of the possible improvement of energy efficiency by various green roof application models. The aim of this investigation is to generate affirmation of the green roof projects by pointing out the financial benefits and other implications that are significant for sustainable development. The existing building in the centre of Belgrade with a flat roof is used as the model for parametric analysis. The key indicator of the investment profitability inthis investigation was the energy needed for heating and cooling. Besides the economic impact, other aspects of green roof application are highlighted as well. A numerical analysis is performed for the apartment under a flat roof for three different models of renovation. The values of the reduction of the annual energy need for heating and cooling are compared.

Ključne reči: energetska efikasnost; zeleni krovovi Key words: energy efficiency; green roof

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87UTICAJ OMOTAČA ZGRADA

NA POTROŠNJU ENERGIJE U ZGRADAMAINFLUENCE OF BUILDING ENVELOPES ON BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION

J. SKERLIĆ, D. NIKOLIĆ, D. CVETKOVIĆ, A. MIŠKOVIĆ Fakultet inženjerskih nauka, Kragujevac, Srbija

Problem energetske stabilnosti u poslednjih nekoliko decenija postao je najvažniji problem svetske ekonomije i društvenog

sistema. Veliki napori se preduzimaju kako bi se ublažilo globalno zagrevanje Zemlje, uzrokovano emisijom CO2 u

atmosferu. Ove emisije nastaju intenzivnim sagorevanjem fosilnih goriva, kako bi se zadovoljile rastuće energetske

potrebe čovečanstva.

EU obavezuje svoje članice da kontinuirano povećavaju energetsku efikasnost, usvajanjem brojnih direktiva, kako

bi se postigla veća energetska efikasnost i smanjile postojeće ekološke neravnoteže na Zemlji.

Omotač zgrade je kritična komponenta za gubitke energije. Zato je veoma važno dizajnirati energetski efikasne zgrade ili implementirati principe za poboljšanje energetske efikasnosti

već postojećih zgrada.

U radu je pokazana stvarna potrošnja primarne i finalne energije u tipičnoj srpskoj kući, sa promenljivom debljinom

toplotne izolacije i različitim tipovima prozora. Komparativna analiza je pokazala da poboljšanje omotača zgrade može

u velikoj mjeri doprineti poboljšanju energetske efikasnosti zgrade i smanjenju potrošnje energije.

Istražena zgrada se nalazila u Kragujevcu, u Srbiji. Zgrada je simulirana u softveru EnergyPlus, dok je za projektovanje

zgrada korišćen Open Studio plug-in Google SketchUp.

The problem of energy stability in the last few decades has become the most important problem of the world economy and the social system. Extensive efforts have been undertaken to alleviate global warming of the earth caused by emission of CO2 in atmosphere. These emissions are generated by intensive burning of fossil fuels to satisfy the growing energy needs of humanity.The EU obliges its members to continuously increase energy efficiency by adopting numerous directives in order to achieve greater energy efficiency and reduce existing environmental imbalances on Earth.The building envelope is a critical component for energy losses. So it is very important to design energy efficient buildings or implement the principles for improvement energy efficiency of already existing buildings.The paper shows the real consumption of primary and final energy in Serbian building, with variable thermal insulation thickness and different windows. A comparative analysis has showed that the improvement of the building envelope can greatly contribute to the improvement of building energy efficiency and reduction of energy consumption.The investigated building was located in Kragujevac, Serbia. The building was simulated in software EnergyPlus, while Open Studio plug-in Google SketchUp was used for building design.

Ključne reči: zgrada; toplotna izolacija; prozor; simulacija; energetska efikasnost

Key words: building; thermal insulation; window, simulation; energy efficiency

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88UTICAJ RAZLIČITIH PARAMETARA SISTEMA

ZA GREJANJE SANITARNE VODE NA POTROŠNJU ENERGIJE U ZGRADIINFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS IN DHW SYSTEM

ON BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTIONDanijela NIKOLIĆ, Jasmina SKERLIĆ, Jasna RADULOVIĆ, Vanja ŠUŠTERŠIČ,

Nebojša JURIŠEVIĆ, Dragan CVETKOVICFaculty of engineering, University at Kragujevac, Serbia

Danas su zgrade poznate kao značajni potrošači energije, pa je veoma važno unaprediti njihovu energetsku efikasnost. Veliki udeo u ukupnoj potrošnji energije zgrade se odnosi

na sistem za grejanje sanitarne tople vode (STV). Ovaj rad prikazuje analizu potrošnje energije u zgradi sa solarnim

sistemom za grejanje vode. Analizirana zgrada, sa električnim sistemom grejanja, je locirana u gradu Kragujevcu, koji

ima dobre uslove za korišćenje solarne energije. Električna energija u zgradi se troši za grejanje, rasvetu, rad elekričnih uređaja i grejanje sanitarne vode. Solarni kolektori generišu

toplotnu energiju koja se takođe koristi za grejanje vode. Zgrada je simulirana u okruženju softvera EnergyPlus, dok

je Open Studio dodatak u Google SketchUp-u korišćen za dizajniranje zgrade. Parametri poput mesečne potrošnje tople

vode i temperature tople vode su varirani u cilju postizanja najveće količine generisane toplotne energije za grejanje tople

vode u modeliranoj zgradi. Na kraju je data i ekonomska analiza modeliranog solarnog sistema.

Today buildings are recognized as significant energy consumers, so it is very important to improve building energy efficiency. A great amount of building energy consumption is related to the domestic hot water (DHW). Solar collectors represent an opportunity for energy saving due to DHW system. This paper presents an energy consumption analysis in a building with solar water heating system. The analyzed building, with electric space heating, is located in the city of Kragujevac, which has favorable conditions for solar energy use. Electricity in the building is used for heating, lighting,electrical equipment, and domestic water heating. Solar collectors generate heat energy which is used for water heating. The building was simulated in EnergyPlus environment, while Open Studio plug-in in Google SketchUp was used for building design. Parameters such as monthly hot water consumption and hot water temperature are varied in order to obtain the largest amount of generated thermal energy for domestic water heating in the modeled building. Finally, an economic analysis of the modeled solar system is provided.

Ključne reči: zgrada; solarni kolektor; grejanje vode; simulacija; ušteda energije

Key words: building; solar collector; water heating; simulation; energy saving

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89UTICAJ BRZINE VETRA I INSOLACIJE

NA POTROŠNJU ENERGIJE ZGRADEINFLUENCE OF WIND SPEED AND INSOLATION

ON HEAT CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGSTomasz CHOLEWA1, Alicja SIUTA-OLCHA1, Andrzej SMOLARZ2,

Piotr MURYJAS2, Piotr WOLSZCZAK3, Rafał ANASIEWICZ1

1 Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland

3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland

Rad uvodi aspekt pravilnog izbora podataka eksploatacije vezanih za toplotu isporučenu jednoj

zgradi radi ocenjivanja uticaja brzine vetra, insolacije ili nivoa oblačnosti na potrošnju energije. Posmatrana

zgrada ima tradicionalan sistem centralnog grejanja sa vertikalama i konvektivnim radijatorima u svakom

stanu sa grejnim medijumom temperature 80/60 °C. Analizirani su podaci jedne sezone i prizani su rezultati uticaja vetra brzine ispod 3 m/s, 3–6 m/s i preko 6 m/s

na količinu isporučene toplote. Vrlo precizna merenja su vršena više puta danju i noću.

This work introduces the aspects of the proper choice of the exploitation data connected with heat supplied to a building in order to estimate the influence of wind speed, insolation or level of cloudiness on energy consumption. The analyzed building had a traditional, central heating installation with vertical risers in each flat and convective radiators and supplied with the heating medium (80/60 °C). The exploitation data from one heating season were analyzed and the influence of the wind speed within the range below 3 m/s, 3÷6 m/s and above 6 m/s on the value of the heat power delivered to the building was presented. Different times of the day and night were taken into account and the attention to the accuracy of obtained results was paid.

Ključne reči: brzina vetra; insolacija; potrošnja energije Key words: wind speed; insolation; energy consumption

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90PARAMETRI LOKACIJE I ENERGETSKA EFIKASNOST

U ZGRADARSTVULOCATION PARAMETERS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

IN BUILDINGSNebojša LUKIĆ1, Aleksandar NEŠOVIĆ1, Filip GRBOVIĆ2, Novak NIKOLIĆ1, Dragan TARANOVIĆ1

1 Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2 Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

Parametri lokacije u nekim slučajevima mogu uticati i na konačan energetski razred zgrada, zbog čega bi se isti trebalo uzeti u ubzir u fazi projektovanja. U ovom

radu korišćeni su osnovni (sa jedne strane) i stvoreni (sa druge strane) parametri lokacije kako bi se smanjila

godišnja potrošnja finalne energije za grejanje i hlađenje konretne zgrade locirane u Kragujevacu, Centralna Srbija.

Istraživanje je spovedeno softverski, kombinacijom programa GoogleSketchUp i EnergyPlus, koji međusobno komuniciraju

preko Legacy OpenStudio. Najpre je model zgrade definisan u programu GoogleSketchUp, a potom je programu EnegyPlus,

uz korišćenje odgovarajućeg vremeskog fajla, za isti model vršeno simuliranje rada grejnih i rashladnih sistema.

Rezultati pokazuju da se primenom navedenih mera tokom godine mogu ostvariti znatne uštede energije, čime se između

ostalog čuva životna sredina.

Location parameters may in some cases also affect the final energy class of buildings, which should, therefore, be taken into account at the design stage. In this paper, basic (on the one hand) and created (on the other hand) location parameters were used to reduce the annual final energy consumption for heating and cooling of a specific building located in Kragujevac, Central Serbia. The study was conducted through a combination of GoogleSketchUp and EnergyPlus, which communicate with each other through Legacy OpenStudio. First, the building model was defined in GoogleSketchUp, and then EnegyPlus, using the appropriate time file, simulated the operation of the heating and cooling systems for the same model. The results show that the implementation of these measures can result in significant energy savings throughout the year, thereby preserving the environment, among other things.

Ključne reči: parametri lokacije; sitnolisna lipa; zemunica; potrošnja energije; simulacija; energetska

efikasnost; zaštita životne sredine

Key words: location parameters; lime tree; earth-sheltered house; energy consumption; simulation; energy efficiency; environmental protection

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91KOEFICIJENT PROLAZA TOPLOTE SPOLJAŠNJE GRANIČNE POVRŠINE ZGRADE

U TEORIJI I PRAKSIEXTERIOR BOUNDARY SURFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF THE BUILDING

IN THEORY AND PRACTICEMile S. Šiljak

LIFE MEMBER ASHRAE

Spoljašnja granična površina zgrade može biti raznolikog oblika, sadržaja i strukture, ali je obavezan i nealternativan sadržaj svake zgrade kao građevinskog objekta. Za očekivat

je da poseduje i normirana termotehnička svojstva, među kojima i odgovarajući koeficijent prolaza toplote. Koeficijent

prolaza toplote spoljašnje granične površine zgrade je parametar od posebne značajnosti u oblasti primenjene

termotehnike u zgradarstvu a sa termotehničkog aspekta. Njegova značajnost između ostalog proizilazi iz odlučnih činjenica da se u grejnom periodu, oko 70% razmenjenog

kvantuma toplote upravo odvija u transfernom procesu kroz spoljašnje granične površine zgrade, i da unutrašnja

temperatura spoljašnjih graničnih površina zgrade direktno učestvuje u osećaju toplotnog komfora u tretiranom prostoru.

Metodom analize dostupne pisane i elektronske stručne bibliografske građe i komparativnim poređenjem podataka

u domenu koeficijenta prolaza toplote, dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da u podacima postoje kvantitativne i kvalitativne

ralzličitosti, sličnosti i identičnosti. Metodom slučajnog izbora, izvršena su merenja adekvatnim mernim priborom,

koeficijenta prolaza toplote spoljašnjih graničnih površina izgrađenih zgrada. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na postojanje

razlika u teoriji i praksi a u domenu koeficijenta prolaza toplote, što obavezuje na inoviranje propisa i metodologije

u izradi termotehničkog energetskog sertifikata zgrade i sagledavanju energetske efikasnosti u zgradarstvu.

The exterior boundary surface of the building can be of a diverse form, content and structure, but the content of each building as a building object is obligatory and non-altered. It is also expected to have standard thermo-technical properties, including the corresponding heat transfer coefficient. The exterior boundary surface heat transfer coefficient of the building is a parameter of special significance in the field of applied thermo-technics in the building, and from the thermo-technical aspect. Its significance, among other things, stems from the decisive facts that in the heating period, about 70% of the exchanged quantum of the heat, takes place in the transfer process through the exterior boundary surface of the building, and that the internal temperature of the exterior boundary surfaces of the building directly participates in the feeling of thermal comfort in the treated area. By the method of analysis, available in written and electronic expert bibliographic material, as well as comparison of data in the domain of coefficient of heat transfer, the obtained results indicate that there are quantitative and qualitative differences, similarities and identities in the data. By random selection method, the measurements of the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior boundary surface of the constructed buildings were carried out with adequate measuring device. The obtained results point to the existence of differences in theory and practice and in the domain of heat transfer coefficient, which obligates to renew regulations and methodology in the construction of thermo-technical energy certificate of the building and to examine the energy efficiency in the building.

Ključne reči: zgrada; koeficijent prolaza toplote; termotehnički sertifikat; energetska efikasnost

Key words: building; heat transfer coefficient; thermotechnical certificate; energetic efficiency

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92NEOLEPENIZAM KAO TIP ENERGETSKI EFIKASNE ARHITEKTURENEOLEPENISM AS A TYPE OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE

Nenad MILORADOVIĆJKP „Beogradske elektrane”, Beograd

Neolepenizam može da predstavlja novi tip energetski efikasne arhitekture koja bi mogla da odgovori na izazove

održivog razvoja. Oblikovanje energetski efikasnih formi može biti jedna od strategija projektovanja niskoenergetskih i pasivnih kuća. Od svih geometrijskih tela, sfera ima najmanji

odnos površine i zapremine, ali se ona u izvođenju objekata ne koristi zbog ograničenosti primene.Kocka se može smatrati

optimalnim oblikom objekta s kojim bi trebalo da budu upoređivani objekti drugih geometrijskih oblika. U geometriji

postoji čitav niz oblika koji se po kompaktnosti nalaze između lopte i kocke, a neki od njih su upotrebljivi za stanovanje.

Neolepenizam pretpostavlja oblik građevinskog objekta koji je inspirisan praistorijskom arhitekturom kulture Lepenski Vir. Ostaci arhitekture praistorijskih naselja Lepenski Vir i

Padina – Gospođin Vir, koja su bila na desnoj obali Dunava u Đerdapskoj klisuri (Republika Srbija), predstavljaju

ostatke energetski efikasne arhitekture, o čemu je autor već ranije pisao. Ispostavilo se da se prilikom osmišljavanja gradnje praistorijskih kuća vodilo računa o termičkom komforu u njima: o kompaktnosti oblika, orijentaciji,

aerodinamičnosti oblika, ukopavanju, biljnom okruženju i drugom. Tom arhitekturom se kontrolišu tokovi energije. U

okviru nje se vodi računa o optimalnoj orijentaciji kuća u smislu zadovoljavanja potreba za grejanjem i

hlađenjem tih nastambi.

Neolepenism can represent a new type of energy efficient architecture that can respond to the challenges of sustainable development. Designing energy-efficient forms can be one of the design strategies for low-energy and passive houses. Of all the geometric solids bodies, the sphere has the smallest ratio of surface and volume, but it is not used in the construction of buildings performance of objects due to the limited application. The cube can be considered as the optimal shape of an object with which objects of other geometric shapes should be compared. In geometry, there are a number of shapes that are between the ball and the cube regarding compactness, and some of them are usable for housing.Neolepenism presupposes the shape of a building object inspired by the prehistoric architecture of the Lepenski Vir culture. The remains of the architecture of prehistoric settlements of Lepenski Vir and Padina – Gospodjin Vir, which were on the right bank of the Danube in the Djerdap Gorge (Republic of Serbia), represent the remains of energy-efficient architecture, about which the author had already written before. It turned out that during the construction of prehistoric houses, the indoor thermal comfort in them was taken into account: about the compactness of shapes, orientation, shape aerodynamics (streamlining), pit, plant environment, and other. Such architecture controls the flows of energy. It takes into account the optimal orientation of houses in terms of meeting the needs for heating and cooling of these houses.

Ključne reči: neolepenizam; energetska efikasnost; Lepenski Vir; arhitektura; kompaktnost

Key words: neolepenism; energy efficiency; Lepenski Vir; architecture; compactness

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93PROCENA ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI

NOVOIZGRAĐENE BOLNIČKE ZGRADE U RUMUNIJIENERGY EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF A

NEWLY BUILT HOSPITAL BUILDING IN ROMANIA Ioan Silviu DOBOȘI1, Cristina-Mariana TĂNASĂ2,3, Silviana BRATA3,

Ștefan DUNĂ1, Nicoleta KABA3

1 S.C. Dosetimpex S.R.L., Timișoara, Romania2 S.C. Daro Proiect S.R.L., Timișoara, Romania

3 Politehnica University Timișoara, Timisoara, Romania

Bolnice su posebna kategorija zgrada zato što imaju striktne i višestruke strukturalne, arhitektonske, sistemske

zateve kao i zahteve za kvaltetiom unutrašnje sredine. Neophodan je razvoj zdravstvenih institucija usmeren

smanjenju potrošnje energije ovakvih zgrada jer su one odgovorne za oko 10% potrošene energije u nestambenom

fondu zgrada. Ovaj rad predstavlja procenu potrošnje energije novoizgrađene bolnice u Mioveni, Rumunija. Bolnica ima više medicinskih celina, među kojima je

5 operacionih sala i soba za hitnu pomoć. Primenjeni sistemi nameću striktnu kontrolu unutrašnje sredine

koja mora biti čista i bezbedna za pacijente i zaposlene. Instalirano je ukupno 18 klima-komora koje neprekidno rade da bi ispunile zahteve kvaliteta unutrašnje sredine

za svaku od prostorija. Potrebna energija zgrade je simulirana softverom Vabi Elements, koji daje rezultate

za sve kategorije potrošnje, kao i časovne vrednosti parametara unutrašnje sredine

Hospitals are a special category of buildings as they have very strict requirements from several perspectives such as structural, architectural, systems and quality of the indoor environment. Progress in healthcare institutions to reduce energy consumption is necessary as this category of buildings is responsible for approximately 10% of the total energy use in the non-residential building sector. This paper presents the energy performance assessment of a newly built hospital building located in Mioveni, Romania. The hospital has various medical functionalities, among which 5 surgery rooms and an emergency unit. The systems related particularity of this type of building comes from the very strict requirements and control of the indoor environment so as to provide a clean and risk free environment to the patients and employees. A total number of 18 air handling units that function continuously were installed in the hospital in order to comply with the indoor air quality requirements, specific to each type of room. The energy demand of the buildings was simulated using the Vabi Elements software, which provides results for all categories of energy consumption, as well as hourly values for indoor environment parameters.

Ključne reči: energetske karakteristike; simulacija potrošnje energije zgrade; bolnica

Key words: energy performance; building energy simulation; hospital

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94IZAZOVI I ISKUSTVA GRAĐENJA

JEDNE BOLNIČKE ZGRADE U RUMUNIJICHALLENGES AND EXPERIENCES WITH THE CONSTRUCTION

OF A HOSPITAL BUILDING IN ROMANIAIoan Silviu DOBOȘI1, Dragoș MIHĂILĂ1, Laura TROI2,

Daniel TEODORESCU2, Alexandru HORDILĂ2

1 S.C. Dosetimpex S.R.L., Timișoara, Romania2 S.C. Daro Proiect S.R.L., Timișoara, România

Dobro je poznato da projektovanje i kvalitetna gradnja imaju veliki uticaj na ponašanje i karakteristike zgrade

u radnim uslovima. Ta činjenica je još važnija u slučaju zdravstvenih objekata jer imaju posebne i višestruke

striktne zahteve kao što su strukturalni, arhitektonski, KGH i zahtevi za kvalitetom unutrašnje sredine. Ovaj

rad predstavlja studiju slučaja zgrade bolnice Mioveni, nedavno izgrađenoj u južnoj Rumuniji. Rad prikazuje

specifične karakteristike arhitekture i instalacija, kao i projektne uslove ovakvih zgrada. Zgrada ima osam

spratova sa oko 17448,52 m2. Svi učesnici u procesu, od projektovanja do tehničkog prijema, doživeli su potpuno

iskustvo puno izazova sa profesionalne tačke gledišta, ali zadovljstvo konačnim rezultatom opravdava sve

uložene napore.

It is well known that the design and execution quality of a construction may dramatically influence the behavior and performance of a building under operation conditions. This fact is even more important in case of healthcare buildings as they have special and strict requirements from several perspectives such as structural, architectural, HVAC and quality of the indoor environment. This paper presents the case study of Mioveni Hospital building, recently built in southern Romania, and is focused on presenting the specific architectural and building installations characteristics and design conditions of such type of building. The case study building has in total eight floors and a built area of approximately 17448.54 m2. The whole process of accomplishing everything that means the Mioveni City Hospital represented a sustained effort of all those involved from the design phase to the commissioning phase. It was a complete and challenging experience from a professional point of view, but the satisfaction of the final result deserves all the efforts made in this project.

Ključne reči: bolnička zgrada; zdravstvo, KGH Key words: hospital building; healthcare; HVAC

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95 RAZVOJ VIŠEKRITERIJUMSKOG MODELA ZAŠTITE KULTURNOG GRADITELJSKOG

NASLEĐA U SRBIJI SA ASPEKTA ENERGETSKE SANACIJE OBJEKATADEVELOPING MULTI-CRITERIA MODEL FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL BUILT

HERITAGE IN SERBIA FROM THE ASPECT OF ENERGY RECOVERY OF BUILDINGS Ana STANOJEVIĆ1, Mimica MILOŠEVIĆ2, Dušan MILOŠEVIĆ3,

Branko AJ TURNŠEK1, Ljiljana JEVREMOVIĆ1

1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia2 Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, Belgrade3 Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia

Savremeno društvo i moderan život u urbanim područjima teže održivim sredinama, poštujući prošlost, istoriju i

njihove zaostavštine. Nematerijalna i materijalna kulturna baština postala je važan urbani resurs u svrhu promocije grada, kao i pokretač ekonomskog i društvenog razvoja.

Graditeljsko nasleđe, kao deo kulturne baštine, obuhvata i objekte iz različitih epoha. Održivi principi razvijeni u okviru koncepta pametnih, ekoloških i fleksibilnih gradova zahtevaju

optimizaciju energije, umanjujući količine energije potrebne za grejanje i hlađenje u objektima. Energetska sanacija

zgrada postala je strateški neophodan i zakonski nezaobilazan zadatak u Srbiji. Ona podrazumeva sprovođenje različitih

mera u pogledu korišćenja obnovljivih izvora energije i poboljšanja toplotnog omotača većpostojećih objekata.

Ipak, ova vrsta intervencija odražava se često na vizuelni izgled objekta, promenu njegove forme, artikulaciju fasade i materijalizaciju. Poštujući zakonski propisane dozvole, u

skladu sa stepenom režimske zaštite kulturnog graditeljskog nasleđa, rad teži da razvije model zaštite objekata sa aspekta

unapređenja energetskih performansi. Cilj istraživanja je da se identifikuju najoptimalnije mere koje treba primeniti

za povećanje energetske efikasnosti objekata u zavisnosti od stepena njihove zaštite, u Srbiji, koristeći metodologiju

višekriterijumskog odlučivanja.

Contemporary society and modern living in urban areas strive for more sustainable environments, respecting the past, history, and their remains. Intangible and tangible cultural heritage has become an important urban resource for city promotion as well as a trigger for economic and social city development. Built heritage, as part of cultural heritage, consists of various buildings from different epochs. Sustainable principles developed within the concept of smart, environmentally-friendly, and responsive cities requires energy optimization while minimizing energy amounts needed for systems of heating and cooling in buildings. Energy rehabilitation seems to become a strategically necessary and legally obligatory task in Serbia too. It includes the implementation of various measures in terms of the use of renewable energy resources and improvement of the thermal envelope of already existing facilities. However, this type of interventions often reflects on the visual appearance of the building, changing its form, façade articulation, and materialization. Respecting legally prescribed allowance, according to the degree of protection of cultural built heritage, the goal of the paper is to develop a model for the protection of the buildings in terms of improvement of their energy energetic performance. The aim of this research is to identify the most optimal measures to be applied to increase energy efficiency depending on buildings’ degree of protection in Serbia, using the multi-criteria decision-making methodology.

Ključne reči: kulturno nasleđe; zaštita graditeljskog nasleđa; višekriterijumski model; energetska sanacija; Srbija

Key words: cultural heritage; protection of built heritage; multi-criteria model; energy recovery; Serbia

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96HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS IN A VERY LARGE

CATHEDRAL IN BUCHAREST: CHALLENGES, ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONSSISTEMI ZA GREJANJE, VENTILACIJU I KLIMATIZACIJU VELIKE KATEDRALE U BUKUREŠTU:

IZAZOVI, ANALIZA I REŠENJA Stefan C. STANESCU, Adrian SOPRONI, Mihai RADULY

Air Control Systems SRL, Bucharest

Novoizgrađena katedrala u Bukureštu suočava se sa oštrom kontinentalnom klimom koju karakterišu hladne zime

(-15ºC), snažni ventrovi (10m/s), topla leta (+35/24ºC) i direktno i difuzno sunčevo zračenje. Sa podrumom koji se

nalazi na 30m ispod zemlje i krstom na vrhu koji se nalazi na visini od 123m, katedralu čine sledeće zone: muzej antičke i

srednjevekovne crkvene umetnosti (-16.00), podzemna kapela (-11.00), upravni deo, bibilioteka i umetničke radionice

(-6.80), velika crkva u prizemlju (+0.00), pevnica za hor i četiri gornja nivoa za venac – gipsane elemente, i galerije na +9.00, +18.00, +27.00,+36.00 do kojih se dolazi preko

6 stepeništa i pomoću 12 liftova. Ulaz u glavnu kupolu na +70.00 (umetnički muzej) i na +102.00 (vidikovac) moguć

je preko stepenica ili pomoću specijalnih liftova. Podzemna kapela na nivou -11.00 se nastavlja, ispod velike porte, do

kapele i pećine svetog Andreja. Katedrala se nalazi u samom centru vrlo velikog grada u kojem je velika koncentracija

CO2 , drugih štetnih gasova i čestica u spoljašnjem vazduhu. Definisano je da katedrala može da primi 3000 ljudi u

podzemnim prostorijama, od 5000 do 6000 ljudi u prizemlju i 7500 ljudi u kapeli svetog Andreja. Budući da će katedrala

biti otvorena 24h svakog dana u nedelji u kojoj će se okupljati manji ili veći broj ljudi, definisana je unutrašnja temperatura

od +12ºC tokom zine i +24ºC tokom leta, sa uslovima da se izbegne kondenzacija na zidovima/tavanici i sa mogućnošću

da se unutrašnja temperatura tokom zime, za vreme posebnih proslava, poveća na +18ºC tokom perioda od 48 h.

The newly built Cathedral in Bucharest must face a severe continental climate with cold winters (-15ºC), strong winds (10m/s), hot weather in summer (+35/24ºC) and full direct and diffuse solar radiation. With a basement situated at -30m underground and the top cross at +123m height, the Cathedral is composed by zones like: museum of antique and middle age religious art (-16.00), underground chapel (-11.00), administration, library and art workshops (-6.80), the ground level large church (+0.00), chancel for the quire and four upper levels for cornice, galleries at +9.00, +18.00, +27.00,+36.00 reachable by 6 staircases and 12 elevators. Access to the main dome at +70.00 (art museum) and then +102.00 (belvedere) is possible also by stairs or special elevators. The underground chapel at level -11.00 is continued, under the great courtyard, by the Saint Andrew’s Chapel and Grotto. The Cathedral is located in the very center of a large town with a high concentration of CO2, other pollutant gases and particles in the outdoor air. The nominal level of occupancy has been defined at 3,000 people in the underground levels, 5,000 to 6,000 people in the ground level church and 7,500 people in the Saint Andrew’s Grotto. Because the Cathedral will be functioning 24h/24 in a severe conventual regime, with low or high occupancy, the indoor climate is defined by indoor temperature of +12ºC in winter and +24ºC in summer, with the condition to avoid any condensation on walls/ceilings and with the possibility to switch the indoor temperature in winter, for special celebrations, by +18ºC in 48 hours.

Ključne reči: katedrala; grejanje; grejanje zračenjem; ventilacija; mehanička; odozgo-nadole; mlaznice; rešetke za odvod vazduha; unutrašnja temperatura; spoljašnji vazduh;

čisto vazdušni rashladni sistem; akustika; BMS; požarna uzbuna

Key words: cathedral; heating; radiative; ventilation; mechanical; up-down; nozzle jets; exhaust grilles; indoor temperature; outdoor air; cooling ‘All-Air’ system; acoustics; BMS; fire alarm

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97KVALITET UNUTRAŠNJE SREDINE I ZADOVOLJSTVO STANARA

U ZELENIM SERTIFIKOVANIM ZGRADAMAINDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPANT SATISFACTION

IN GREEN CERTIFIED BUILDINGSDušan LIČINA

Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Federale de Lausanne

Iako je u industriji zelenih zgrada već dugi niz godina pažnja usmerena na zdravlje stanara, od nedavno je ovo pitanje dobilo veći prioritet u odnosu na druga pitanja sa novim

akcentom na obeležja koja eksplicitno u prvi plan stavljaju iskustvo stanara zgrade. Sve veće zanimanje za prostore koji imaju zeleni sertifikat sa pažnom na ljudsko zdravlje takođe

je rezultat velikih troškova plata koje u velikoj meri premašuju investicione i operativne troškove. Međutim, malo je detaljnih

studija koje su proučavale da li su u takvim zgradama stanari više zadovoljni kvalitetom unutrašnje sredine. U ovoj

prezentaciji Dr. Ličina daje osvrt o tome koliko sadašnje zelene zgrade poboljšavaju zadovoljstvo stanara i kvalitet unutrašnje sredine, sa naglaskom na kvalitet unutrašnjeg

vazduha i toplotni komfor. Daje se pregled preostalih izazova koje treba rešiti u cilju naglašavanja radnog učinka i iskustva

ljudi u širem kontekstu ciljeva održivosti.

While the green building industry has a long-standing history of attention to human health, there has been a recent shift in the prioritization of this issue relative to the others, with a new emphasis on features that explicitly promote the human experience of building occupants. Increased interest into green-certified spaces with the attention to human health also came as the results of high salary costs, that largely exceed investment and operational expenses. However, few detailed studies have investigated whether such buildings lead to higher occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality (IEQ). In this talk, Dr. Licina will give an overview of the effectiveness of current green buildings in improving occupant satisfaction and IEQ, with a special emphasis to indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The remaining challenges that need to be accomplished toward emphasizing human performance and experience within the broader context of sustainability goals will be summarized.

Ključne reči: zelene zgrade; zadovoljstvo stanara; kvalitet unutrašnjeg vazduha; toplotna ugodnost

Key words: green buildings; occupant satisfaction; indoor air quality; thermal comfort

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98UTICAJ TOPLOTE I KVALITETA UNUTRAŠNJEG VAZDUHA

NA RAD U KANCELARIJAMA I ŠKOLAMATHERMAL AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE

OF OFFICE WORK AND SCHOOLWORKPawel WARGOCKI

Technical University of Denmark, Department of Civil Engineering, International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

Očuvanje energije u zgradama kao način da se smanji emisija gasova staklene bašte zahteva hitno preispitivanje

koliko striktna treba da bude regulacija toplotnih uslova i kvaliteta vazduha u zgradama. Ako se dozvoli da uslovi

izlaze iz okvira optimalnog opsega, očuvala bi se velika količina energije i u većini slučajeva bi uticaji na zdravlje ili

subjektivnu ugodnost bili marginalni. Pitanje koje se tada javlja jeste da li će to negativno uticati na radni učinak ljudi

koji borave u prostoru i, ukoliko hoće, u kojoj meri. Ove informacije su potrebne za analizu troškova i koristi. U radu

su prikazani laboratorijski eksperimenti i eskperimenti na terenu obavljeni od vremena naglog rasta troškova energije

koji se desio tokom 1970-tih. Iako je utvrđeno samo nekoliko mehanizama zbog koji nastaju nastaju uticaji na unutrašnju

sredinu, već sada je jasno da bilo koju uštedu koja se postigne očuvanjem energije premašuju troškovi koji nastaju zbog

smanjenog radnog učinka. Smanjenje emisije kao posledica dozvole da uslovi unutrašnje sredine budu lošiji bilo bi na taj način toliko skupo da bi opravdalo dosta veće ulaganje u efikasnije korišćenje energije u zgradama u kojima nije

dozvoljeno da se uslovi pogoršaju. Troškovi radne snage u zgradama premašuju troškove za energiju za dva reda veličine i iako se čak pokaže da toplotni uslovi i kvalitet vazduha koje

većina korisnika zgrada trenutno prihvata smanjuju učinak za 5–10% kod odraslih i za 15–30% kod dece, ne možemo da

dozvolimo da se ti uslovi i dalje pogoršavaju.

Energy conservation in buildings as a way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases is forcing an urgent re-examination of how closely thermal and air quality conditions should be controlled in buildings. Allowing conditions to drift outside the optimum range would conserve very large amounts of energy and would in most cases have only marginal effects on health or subjective comfort. The question that then arises is whether occupant performance would be negatively affected and if so, by how much. This information is required for cost-benefit analyses. This paper summarizes laboratory and field experiments that have been carried out since the massive increase in energy costs that took place in the 1970s. Although only a few of the mechanisms by which indoor environmental effects occur have been identified, it is already clear that any economies achieved by energy conservation will be greatly exceeded by the costs incurred due to decreased performance. Reducing emissions by allowing indoor environmental conditions to deteriorate would thus be so expensive that it would justify greatly increased investment in more efficient use of energy in buildings in which conditions are not allowed to deteriorate. Labour costs in buildings exceed energy costs by two orders of magnitude, and as even the thermal and air quality conditions that the majority of building occupants currently accept can be shown to reduce performance by 5–10% for adults and by 15–30% for children, we cannot afford to allow them to deteriorate still further.

Ključne reči: kancelarijski rad; školski rad; učenje; kognitivan učinak; toplotna sredina;

kvalitet unutrašnjeg vazduha

Key words: office work; schoolwork; learning; cognitive performance; thermal environment; indoor air quality

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99GLOBALNI POKRET WELL

THE GLOBAL WELL MOVEMENTVeronika FÖLDVÁRY LIČINA

Delos Living LLC., New York/Fribourg, USA/Switzerland

WELL standard za zgrade ™ je vodeći globalni pokret transformacije naših zgrada i naselja na način koji

pomaže prosperitetu ljudi. Istraživanjem prostora u kojem se ukrštaju ljudi i izgrađena sredina, stvara se prostor

koji aktivno doprinosi zdravlju, učinku i dobrobiti ljudi povezujući najbolje inovacije u tehnologiji, zdravstvu, nauci,

projektovanju i poslovanju. Izgrađena sredine se posmatra kao sredstvo kojim se maksimalno povećava ljudski potencijal

i predviđa stvaranje okruženja koja podstiču ljude, koji su i proaktivni i reaktivni, da žive bolje negujući zdrave životne

stilove i sprečavajući nastanak zdravstvenih problema pre nego što nastanu.

WELL standard za zgrade ™je vodeći globalni sistem ocenjivanja i prvi koji je isključivo usredsređen na načine na

koji zgrade, i sve u njima, mogu da poboljšaju naš komfor, podstaknu donošenje boljih izbora i da, uopšte, unaprede,

a ne ugroze, naše zdravlje i blagostanje. WELL standard za zgrade temeljno menja način na koji ljudi razmišljaju o

zgradama. On istražuje kako projektovanje, rad i ponašanje u mestima u kojima živimo, radimo, učimo i igramo se mogu

biti optimizirani u cilju unapređenja zdravlje i dobrobit ljudi. Obuvatajući glavnih deset koncepata zdravlja i stotine

sadržaja, WELL je fleksibilan standard za zgrade i predstavlja budućnost modernog projektovanja. WELL v2™ pilot je

nedavno objavljena verzija popularnog WELL standard za zgrade, a WELL standard za naselja ™pilot je sistem za ocenjivanje naselja/opština koji uspostavlja novo globalno

merilo za zdrave opštine.

The WELL Building Standard™ is leading the global movement to transform our buildings and communities in ways that help people thrive. Exploring the intersection between people and the built environment, it creates spaces that actively contribute to human health, performance and well-being by marrying the best innovations in technology, health, science, design and enterprise. The built environment has been seen as an asset to maximize human potential, and it envisions environments that enhance humans – that are both proactive and reactive – to live better by cultivating healthy lifestyle choices and helping prevent health problems before they begin.

The WELL Building Standard™ is the leading global rating system and the first to be focused exclusively on the ways that buildings, and everything in them, can improve our comfort, drive better choices, and generally enhance, not compromise, our health and wellness. The WELL Building Standard is revolutionizing the way people think about buildings. It explores how design, operations and behaviors within the places where we live, work, learn and play can be optimized to advance human health and well-being. Covering ten core concepts of health and hundreds of features, WELL is a flexible building standard and represents the future of modern design. The WELL v2™ pilot is a recently launched version of its popular WELL Building Standard, and the WELL Community Standard™ pilot is a district scale rating system that sets a new global benchmark for healthy communities.

Ključne reči: kvalitet unutrašnje sredine; dobrobit; sertifikacija zgrada; upitnik o zadovoljstvu stanara

Key words: indoor environmental quality; well-being; building certification; satisfaction survey

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100ENVIRA – PLATFORMA ZA KVALITET UNUTRAŠNJE SREDINE

– KONSTRUKCIJA SENZORSKIH ČVOROVAENVIRA – INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY PLATFORM

– SENSOR NODE CONSTRUCTIONIgor MUJAN, Aleksandar ANĐELKOVIĆ

Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

S obzirom na dužinu vremena koju provodimo u zgradama, kvalitet unutrašnje sredine ima veliki uticaj na našu

produktivnost i zdravlje. Pametna okruženja sakupljaju veliki broj podataka niskog nivoa (podatke o rudimentarnim mikro

funkcijama), ali ne uspevaju da prikažu ove podatke na dostupan, razumljiv način koji je prilagođen korisnicima.

ENVIRA je planirana kao platforma koja se sastoji od jedinica (čvorova) sa daljinskim senzorima koji su postavljeni u celoj

unutrašnjoj sredini i mrežnog interfejsa za vizuelizaciju podataka. Sistem sakuplja tačke podataka omogućavajući licima zaduženim za upravljanje zgradama da poboljšaju

kvalitet unutrašnje sredine i uštede na troškovima. Podaci će sa svakog čvora šalju u redovnim intervalima. Pored

toga, nedavna unapređenja tehnologije senzora omogućila je da se naprave isplativi senzorski čvorovi koji mogu da mere razne

parametre, a da zadrže faktor malog oblika i ostanu dostupni tj. povoljne cene. Sami čvorovi će bit modelirani u 3D okruženju i odštampani na 3D printerima, kako bi troškovi bili niski i kako

bi se omogućio fleksibilan i iterativan industrijski dizajn. U svakom čvoru se nalaze senzori koji prate toplotni komfor, kvalitet unutrašnjeg vazduha, akustiku i osvetljenje. Obradu

u svakom čvoru radi ATmega328 čip koji running an Arduino sketch. Biće prikazana iskustva stečena u procesu izrade

jeftinijih čvorova.

Given the amount of time we spend inside buildings, the indoor environmental quality has a strong influence on our productivity and health. Smart environments collect huge amounts of low-level data, but tend to fail to provide this data in an accessible, user-friendly, and meaningful way.

ENVIRA is planned as a platform comprised of units (nodes) with remote sensors deployed throughout indoor environment and a web interface for data visualization. The system collects data points — enabling building managers to improve IEQ and save costs.

Data will be sent from each node at a regular interval. Additionally, recent advancements in sensor technology have made it possible to create cost effective sensor nodes capable of measuring a variety of parameters, while maintaining a small form factor and remaining affordable. The nodes themselves will be modeled in 3D environment and printed on 3D printers to keep the costs down and give flexible and iterative industrial design.

Each node houses sensors to monitor thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustics and lighting. Processing at each node is handled by an ATmega328 chip running an Arduino sketch. The experiences gained from an inexpensive node building process will be summarized.

Ključne reči: kvalitet unutrašnje sredine Key words: indoor environment quality

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101KORIŠĆENJE PRENOSNIH SENZORNIH UREĐAJA

ZA PROCENU STOPE METABOLIZMATHE USE OF THE WEARABLE SENSORY DEVICES

FOR METABOLIC RATE ESTIMATIONNikolina PIVAC1, Sandro NIŽETIĆ1, Tamara BAJC2, Vlasta ZANKI3, Agis M. PAPADOPOULOS4

1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade3 HEP ESCO d.o.o., Croatia

4 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Stopa metabolizma je prepoznata kao najmanje tačno procenjeni parametar u istraživanju toplotne ugodnosti.

S obzirom da ju je teško meriti, najčešće se procenjuje pojednostavljenim metodama koje ne uzimaju u obzir uticaj

starosne dobi, pola, kao ni dinamike korisnika zgrade. U ovom istraživanju korišćeni su prenosni senzori za praćenje

aktivnosti korisnika unutar zgrade kako bi se procenila stopa metabolizma korisnika. Osam učesnika je odabrano

za sedmodnevno praćenje, četiri puta tokom godine. Studija je imala za cilj ispitivanje uticaja starosne dobi korisnika,

pola i godišnjeg doba na promenu brzine metabolizma korisnika u svrhu poboljšanja termičkog okruženja u zgradi

sa instaliranim KGH sistemom. Rezultati su pokazali razliku između grupa korisnika koja bi mogla poslužiti kao osnova za

procenu lične toplotne ugodnosti u budućim istraživanjima.

The human metabolic rate has been widely noted as the least accurately assessed parameter in the research of thermal comfort. Since it is difficult to measure, it is often reduced to simple diary methods, which do not take into account the influence of age, gender, and dailydynamics of a building occupant. In this study wearable sensory device were used to track user activities inside the building to estimate the metabolic rate. Eight participants were chosen for the 7-days monitoring, four times during the year. The study aimed to examine whether the user age, gender, and season of the year influence the change in user metabolic rate to improve the thermal environment of the HVAC system building. The results showed the difference between groups of building occupants that could serve as a reference to assess personal thermal comfort in future research.

Ključne reči: uređaji; stopa metabolizma; toplotna ugodnost; korisnici; zgrade.

Key words: wearable devices; metabolic rate; thermal comfort; occupants; buildings.

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102PROMJENA TERMIČKE UGODNOSTI

U FAZI ZAGRIJAVANJA UNUTRAŠNJOSTI PUTNIČKOG VOZILACHANGE OF THE THERMAL COMFORT LEVEL

DURING THE HEAT UP PHASE OF A VEHICLE PASSENGER COMPARTMENTSvetozar GRAHOVAC, Julia GRAHOVAC

D-68259 Mannheim

U današnje vrijeme kupci vozila često zahtijevaju, da proizvođač vozila za definisane uslove ispitivanja

dokumentuje zagrijavanje putničkog prostora. Bez ispravnog izbora i dimenzionisanja sistema grijanja, hlađenja i provjetravanja putničkog prostora, nema

ni termičke ugodnosti. Jedan od zadataka prizvođača današnjih vozila predstavlja razvoj novih i optimizacija

postojećih sistema za postizanje i održavanje termičke ugodnosti u putničkom prostoru. Izbor komponenti sistema

za postizanje termičke ugodnosti u putničkom prostoru vozila, predstavlja prvi dio zadatka. Drugi dio zadatka

predstavlja optimizacija izabranog koncepta regulisanja termičke ugodnosti u putničkom prostoru za različite

uslove okoline. Za računarsku obradu termičke ugodnosti na izabranom mjestu za stojanje koriste se 4 mjerena

parametra: brzina kretanja vazduha, vlažnost vazduha, temperatura vazduha i temperatura crne kugle. Pored

predskazivanja procenta nezadovoljnih u fazi zagrijavanja unutrašnjosti vozila, ukazuje se i na specifičnost termičkih

uslova u vozilima. U radu se vrši poređenje termičke ugodnosti za nehomogenu i homogenu sredinu. Korištenjem

operativne i ekvivalentne temperature prema SAE J2234, dolazi se do homogene sredine. Uslovi vanjske okoline:

brzina nastrujavanja vozila, temperatura vazduha i vlažnost vazduha su konstantni. Cilj rada je ukazati i na

složenost ispitivanja termičke ugodnosti u putničkim vozilima.

Today customers often require the vehicle manufacturer to document the passenger compartment heating for specific test conditions. Without the correct selection and sizing of the HVAC system for the passenger compartment, thermal comfort cannot be ensured. One of the aims that the manufacturers of modern vehicles have in mind is the development of newsystems and optimization of the existing ones in order to achieve and maintain thermal comfort in the passenger area. The selection of system components to achieve the required thermal comfort in the passenger compartment is the first step. The second step consists of the optimization of the selected thermal comfort control concept of the passenger compartment under various environmental conditions. For the computerized evaluation of thermal comfort at the selected standing place, the 4 following measurement variables are used: air speed, humidity, air temperature, and the temperature of the black ball. In addition to the prediction of percentage of unsatisfied persons during the heat up phase of the vehicle passenger compartment, the specific thermal conditions in the vehicle are pointed out. Within the scope of the work the thermal comfort of the inhomogeneous is compared with the homogeneous environment. Using the operational and the equivalent temperature according to SAE J2234, the homogeneous environments are determined. The following external conditions are constant: incident-flow velocity of the vehicle, air temperature, and humidity. The aim of the paper is to indicate the complexity of determining the thermal comfort conditions in passenger vehicles.

Ključne reči: klimatizacija; ispitivanje; termička ugodnost; procenat nezadovoljnih; vozilo

Key words: air conditioning; test; thermal comfort; percentage of dissatisfied; vehicle

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103NAPREDNE KONTROLNE LOGIKE ZA VAZDUŠNE TERMINALE

OPREMLJENE SENZORIMA KOJI KORISTE TERMIČKU DISPERZIJUADVANCED CONTROLS LOGIC FOR VAV AIR TERMINALS

EQUIPPED WITH THERMAL DISPERSIONS SENSORSSonny VIDOVIC

President, ET&B Inc., USA

Osnovni cilj ove prezentacije je da se prikaže važnost detalja pri projektovanju vazdušnih sistema i njihove kontrolne

logike, gde je krajnji cilj efikasnost kroz celokupnu operaciju sistema. U prikazanim primerima posvetićemo posebnu

paznju na minimalni i maksimalni protok vazduha za specifične vazdušne terminale.)

The primary focus of this guide is the importance of designing systems and controls to be efficient across the entire range of operation, in this case, simply focusing on min and max air flows for each air terminal.

Ključne reči: napredne kontrolne logike; vazdušni terminali; senzori koji koriste termičku disperziju

Key words: advanced controls logic; VAV air terminals; thermal dispersions sensors

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104PROCENA USLOVA UNUTRAŠNJE SREDINE

U NESTAMBENIM ZGRADAMA SA PRIRODNOM VENTILACIJOMASSESSMENT OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS

IN NATURALLY VENTILATED NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSPanagiota ANTONIADOU, Agis M. PAPADOPOULOS

Process Engineering Design Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Regulatorni okvir postavlja sve zahtevnije ciljeve za uslove unutrašnje sredine u zgradama i ovaj trend neizbežno utiče

na sve učesnike na tržištu. To se najviše odnosi na kvalitet unutrašnjeg vazduha u zgradama i dobrobi (zdravlje) stanara

odnosno korisnika zgrada, a to je razumljivo s obzirom na to da stanovništvo u gradovima provodi između 60% i 80%

svog vremena u unutrašnjem prostoru. Stoga je od suštinskog značaja obezbediti zadovoljavajuće uslove unutrašnje

sredine, a da bi se to postiglo, potrebno je proceniti uslove koji preovladavaju u postojećim zgradama ili proceniti očekivane

uslove u novoprojektovanim zgradama. U nestambenim zgradama, dobrobit (zdravlje) i ugodnost su direktno povezani

sa produktivnošću zaposlenih, te stoga imaju i značajan ekonomski uticaj. U Sredozemlju veći deo nestambenih

zgrada, naročito onih starijih, ima prirodnu ventilaciju i to stvara ograničenja u pogledu dobrobiti (zdravlja) ljudi, zbog toga što se ne može uvek garantovati delotvorna ventilacija.

U tim slučajevima, da bi se postigli povoljni uslovi neophodno je primeniti holistički pristup. U okviru ovakvog pristupa

je obavljena analiza kvaliteta vazduha i termofizičkih parametara u nestambenoj zgradi u Solunu, Grčka, koji ima klimatske uslove slične onima u mnogim drugim gradovima

Sredozemlja, kao što su Split, Brindizi ili Tulon, na osnovu Kepen-Gajgerove klasifikacije klime. Izvršena je integralna

analiza termofizičkih parametara kako bi se odredili postojeći uslovi unutrašnje sredine i kvalitet vazduha pomoću nivoa

koncentracije CO2. Zatim je izvršena procena percepcije dobrobiti (zdravlje) od strane samih korisnika zgrade.

The regulatory framework is setting more demanding goals on the indoor environment of buildings, a trend that inevitably affects the market’s stakeholders. This mainly concerns the buildings’ indoor air quality and the occupants’ well-being and it is only reasonable, since urban population spends between 60% and 80% of its lifetime indoors. Hence, the establishment of a satisfactory indoor environment is essential and in order to ensure this, one needs to evaluate the conditions prevailing in existing buildings, or to assess the expected ones in new designs. In non-residential buildings, the well-being and comfort is directly linked to the productivity of the employees, having therefore also a significant economic impact. In the Mediterranean, a great part of the non-residential buildings, especially the older ones, are naturally ventilated, and this leads to limitations considering the well-being, as effective ventilation cannot be always guaranteed. In those cases, and in order to attain favourable conditions, a holistic approach needs to be implemented. In this line of approach, an analysis has been carried out regarding the air quality and thermophysical parameters in non-residential building in Thessaloniki, Greece, with its climate that is similar to those of a series of Mediterranean cities, like Split, Brindisi or Toulon based on the Koeppen-Geiger climate classification. An integrated analysis has been conducted, of the thermophysical parameters, so as to determine the existing indoor environment condition and of the air quality by means of the CO2 concentration levels. Thereinafter was evaluated the perception of well-being by the users.

Ključne reči: dobrobit; uslovi unutrašnje sredine; kvalitet vazduha; nestambene zgrade; sredozemna klima

Key words: well-being; indoor environmental conditions; air quality; non-residential buildings; Mediterranean climate

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105VLAŽNOST VAZDUHA U ŠTAMPARSKOJ INDUSTRIJI: REGULACIJA USLOVA SREDINE

RADI KVALITETNE ŠTAMPE I SPREČAVANJA ZASTOJA MAŠINAAIR HUMIDITY IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY: CONTROL OF AMBIENT CONDITIONS

FOR QUALITY PRINTING AND NO MACHINERY STOPPAGEMassimiliano MAISTRO

Carel Industries S.p.A. Italy

Papirna i štamparska industrija zahteva stalnu i pouzdanu regulaciju temperature i vlažnosti sredine kako bi se

obezbedili maksimalna efikasnost tokom svih faza procesa i kvalitet finalnog proizvoda. Oscilacije vlažnosti mogu da

uzrokuju varijacije u dimenziji, gubitak planarnosti supstrata i povećani statički elektricitet u sredini, koji pak uzrokuju

zastoj mašina i manjkavosti u štampi. Da bi se predočio red veličine, za 10.000 primeraka u ofset-štampi potrebno je sat i po vremena u odgovarajućim uslovima sredine. Štampanje

istog broja primeraka u neregulisanim uslovima može da traje do 3 sata ili čak duže, zbog stalnih zastoja mašina. Škart

zbog lošeg kvaliteta gotovog proizvoda ili prekida procesa šampanja, koji zahteva da se ponovi postupak podešavanja

i čeka da mašina postigne optimalne uslove, predstavlja važnu stavku u troškovima koja se značajno može smanjiti regulisanjem temperature i uslova vlažnosti u prostoru. Cilj

ovog rada je da ispita kako temperatura sredine i uslovi vlažnosti mogu da utiču na kvalitet proizvoda, povećaju obim

proizvodnje i smanje operativne troškove.

The paper and printing industry requires constant and reliable control of ambient temperature and humidity conditions in order to ensure maximum efficiency throughout all stages of the process and final product quality. Swings in humidity can cause dimensional variations, loss of substrate planarity, and increased static electricity in the environment, which in turn cause machine stoppages and printing defects. To give an idea of the order of magnitude, an offset print run of 10,000 copies takes approximately 1.5 hours to complete in suitable ambient conditions. The same run, in uncontrolled conditions, can take up to 3 hours or even longer, due to continuous stoppage of the machinery. Rejects due to poor quality of the finished product or interruption of the printing process, making it necessary to repeat the setup procedure and wait for the machinery to reach optimum conditions, are an important cost item that can be significantly reduced by controlling the ambient temperature-humidity conditions. The aim of this document is therefore to investigate how ambient temperature-humidity conditions can affect product quality, increase production volumes and reduce production and operating costs.

Ključne reči: relativna vlažnost; regulacija; pouzdanost; povezivost; efikasnost

Key words: relative humidity; control; reliability; connectivity; efficiency

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106MODELIRANJE USLOVA UNUTRAŠNJE SREDINE I EKONOMSKA ANALIZA

ENERGETSKE OBNOVE CRKVE USPENJA PRESVETE BOGORODICETHE INDOOR CLIMATE MODELING AND THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS REGARDING

THE ENERGY REHABILITATION OF CHURCH – THE CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION OF VIRGIN MARY

Florin-Emilian ȚURCANU, Marina VERDEȘ, Vasilică CIOCAN, Diana ANCAȘ, Cristian CHERECHEȘ, Mihai PROFIRE, Marius BALAN, Răzvan Silviu LUCIU, Sebastian-Valeriu HUDIȘTEANU

Department of Building Services, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Building Services, The Technical University of Gheorghe Asachi, Jassy, Romania

U radu se opisuje ponašanje sistema za grejanje sa radijatorima u verskom objektu. Ovakav sistem se obično

koristi u mnogim crkvama uz dosta nedostataka. Izvršena je 2D simulacija raspodele temperature u analiziranom prostoru.

Simulacija je zasnovana na primeru Crkve Uspenja presvete Bogorodice u Jašiju. Sistem za grejanje sa radijatorima

simuliran je pomoću programa FLUENT i rezultati su potvrdili stvarno stanje objekta. Važan aspekt predstavlja uticaj ovih

sistema za grejanje na umetnička dela, budući da je crkva građevina iz 18. veka. Trenutni ekološki problemi su doveli

do stalnog razvoja tehnologija koje se koriste kako bi smanjile potrošnju primarne energije. Crkve predstavljaju neprocenjivo blago, jer se u njima čuvaju elementi kulturne baštine koja se čuva u muzejima i istorijskim zgradama. Vekovima se crkve nisu grejale. Međutim, zbog sve većih zahteva za toplotnom

ugodnošću, postalo je uobičajno da se u crkvama postavljaju sistemi za grejanje, ali to često može da izazove manje ili više

očiglednu štetu. U oblastima sa suvom hladnom klimom, grejanje stvara uslove koji se razlikuju od prirodnih klimatskih

uslova. U crkavama koje se ne greju i u kojima su se umetnička dela prilagodila unutrašnjem ambijentu, u većini slučajeva ova

velika razlika između spoljašnjih i unutrašnjih uslova sredine i njihova promenljivost smeta umetničkim delima . Osim u

nekoliko slučajeva, elementi kulturne baštine koji su vekovima čuvani u negrejanim crkvama nalaze se u dobrom, čak i

optimalnom stanju.

The paper describes the behaviour of a heating system with radiators in a religious cult building. This system has been commonly used in many churches and it has many shortcomings. The temperature distribution in the analysed space is simulated in 2D. The simulation is based on an example of the Cathedral of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Jassy. The heating system with radiators was simulated with FLUENT program, and the results confirmed being edifying for the actual state of the building. An important aspect is the impact of these heating systems on the works of art, because the church is the 18th — century edifice. Current environmental issues lead to the continuous development of technologies used to reduce primary energy consumption. Churches are invaluable wealth, sheltering heritage elements preserved in museums and historic buildings. Unheated churches have been used for centuries. However, the increasing demand for thermal comfort has made heating systems quite common, but they can often cause more or less obvious damage. In areas with dry, cold climate, the heating generates a climate different from the natural climate. In unheated churches, in which works of art have been acclimatised, in most cases, this large difference of climatic factors and their variability is not tolerable. Except for a few cases, elements of cultural heritage that has been kept in unheated churches for centuries are in good condition – even in optimum condition.

Ključne reči: energetska efikasnost; obnova; grejanje crkve; modeliranje unutrašnjih klimatskih uslova;

CFD modeliranje

Key words: energy efficiency; modernisation; church heating; indoor climate modelling; CFD modelling

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107INTEGRACIJA SIMULACIJE UNUTRAŠNJEG TERMIČKOG KOMFORA RADNOG PROSTORA

I TEHNOLOGIJE VIRTUELNE REALNOSTI (VR)INTEGRATION OF INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT SIMULATION

AND VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) TECHNOLOGYSanja DUBLJEVIĆ, Jelena KIĆANOVIĆ, Aleksandar ANĐELKOVIĆ

Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Novi Sad, Srbija

Vizuelizacija rezultata analize unutrašnjeg termičkog komfora radnog prostora pomoću interaktivnih tehnologija

virtuelne realnosti je polje koje pruža mogućnost za različita istraživanja. Budući da se kao izlazni parametar dobija

numerički rezutat, njegova eksplikativna moć nije dovoljna korisnicima, odnosno svim učesnicima tokom projektovanja

i realizacije novoprojektovanog objekta. Iz tog razloga neophodno je na adekvatan način prostorno i u realnom

vremenu prikazati dobijene rezultate. Dakle, predmet istraživanja je 3D model radnog prostora orijentisanog ka

jugostoku, koji je izložen direktnom sunčevom zračenju tokom većeg dela radnog vremena. Definisani scenario podrazumeva osunčanost u letnjem periodu, kada je prostor izložen najvećoj

količini sunčevog zračenja. Nakon sprovedene analize termičkih karakteristika radnog prostora, parametarski je

definisana količina osunčanosti uvođenjem perforiranog elementa u enterijer, postavljenog naspram otvora na fasadi.

U odnosu na njega se definiše najoptimalnija pozicija radnog mesta. Cilj ovog istraživanja je razvoj metodološkog

pristupa u kreiranju radnog prostora sa unapređenim termičkim komforom u ranoj fazi projektovanja.

Integracijom više tehnologija vrše se analize i simulacije na kompjuterski generisanom modelu, koji je kreiran u BIM

(Building Information Modeling) okruženju. Istraživanje se nastavlja analizom energetskih performansi i uvođenjem

parametarskog modelovanja kojima se generišu optimalna rešenja. Krajnji rezultat je interaktivna reprezentacija

trodimenzionalnog modela uz pomoć korišćenja tehnologije virtuelne realnosti u realnom vremenu.

The visualization of the results obtained by analyzing the indoor workspace thermal comfort using interactive virtual reality technologies is a field that provides the possibility for different research. Since a numerical result is obtained as the output parameter, its explication is not sufficient for the users, especially for all participants during the design and construction stages. realization faze. For that reason, it is necessary to present the obtained results in an adequate manner spatially and in real time. Therefore, the objective of this research is a 3D model of the working space oriented toward the southwest, which is exposed to direct sunlight during the most of working hours. The defined scenario implies sunshine in the summer period, when the space is exposed to the largest amount of sunlight. After conducting the thermal characteristics analysis of the working space, the amount of insolation solitude is defined parametrically by introducing a perforated element into the interior, set against the facade opening. In relation to it, the most optimal work position is defined. The aim of this research is to develop a methodological approach for creating workspace with improved thermal comfort at an early stage of design. By integrating more technologies, analyses and simulations are performed on a computer-generated model, created in the BIM (Building Information Modeling) environment. The research continues with the analysis of energy performance and the introduction of parametric modeling to generate optimal solutions. The end result is an interactive representation of a three-dimensional model with the use of real-time virtual reality technology.

Ključne reči: termička ugodnost; simulacija sunčevog zračenja; interaktivna vizuelizacija; BIM;

virtuelna realnost (VR)

Key words: thermal comfort; simulation of solar radiation; interactive simulation; BIM; virtual reality (VR

ORGANIZATOR ORGANIZER

Društvo za grejanje, hlađenje i klimatizaciju Srbije (KGH)

Savezu mašinskih i elektrotehničkih inženjera i tehničara Srbije (SMEITS),

Kneza Miloša 7a/II, 11000 Beograd Tel. 011/3230-041, 3031-696, tel./faks 3231-372

E-mail: [email protected] www.kgh-kongres.rs

www.smeits.rs • www.kgh-drustvo.rs

Generalni pokrovitelj General patron

Pokrovitelj izložbe Exhibition patron

Domaćin koktela dobrodošlice Welcome coctail host

Domaćin oproštajnog ručka Farewell lunch host

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Broj štanda No of Izlagač – Exhibitor Stand




1 WILO, Beograd 2 GILLES, Austrija 3 VIS COMPANY, Beograd 4 VAILLANT , Beograd 5 TOPEKO HVAC & FIRESTOP

SYSTEMS, Beograd 6 TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

SERVICES, Beograd 7 TDM, Beograd 8 OVEX INŽENJERING, Beograd 9 VIESSMANN, Beograd 10 ROBERT BOSCH, Beograd 11 IZOLIR, Zrenjanin 12 IZOLIR, Zrenjanin 13 AIRTREND-KOVENT, Beograd 14 FENIKS BB, Niš 15 GRUNDFOS, Beograd 16 GRUNDFOS, Beograd 17 GAS LIDER, Beograd 18 FILTER FRIGO, Beograd 19 MPG KGH, Beograd 20 TROX Austria, Predstavništvo

Beograd 21 TROX Austria, Predstavništvo

Beograd 22 CWG BALKAN, Beograd 23 ALKO KLIMA, Beograd 24 KOMO YU, Beograd 25 INSTALACIJA INŽENJERING,

Beograd

26 ESOT ENERGY, Beograd 27 TOP-THERM, Bečej 28 TRACO INVEST, Beograd 29 CIM GAS, Subotica 30 WEISHAUPT, Beograd 31 SIPATEC BUILDING, Beograd 32 BELIMO AUTOMATION,

Beograd 33 SIPATEC BUILDING, Beograd 34 SIDEK INŽENJERING, Beograd 35 AYVAZ, Turska 36 AYVAZ, Turska 37 UNEP-UNIDO 38 PEZOS EXPORT IMPORT,

Novi Sad 39 TERMOMEHANIKA, Beograd 40 KORAJA, Loznica 41 TERMOINŽENJERING, Beograd 42 IMI INTERNATIONAL, Beograd 43 KAN-THERM Kft, Mađarska 44 GROUP PROTEM, Beograd 45 HERZ, Beograd 46 TRACO, Beograd 47 TRACO, Beograd 48 SMART BUILDING

TECHNOLOGIES, Beograd 49 ALFA CLIMA, Knjaževac 50 IMI INTERNATIONAL, Beograd 51 IPROS, Novi Sad 52 OVENTROP, Beograd

53 ZENDER, Nemačka/MTA, Italija

54 RACIONALIZACIJA ENERGIJE, Beograd

55 TEHNOSAM, Subotica 56 EUROFRIGO, Beograd 57 ELMARK, Beograd 58 UNICOM, Beograd 59 TERMOPLUS (CIAT), Beograd 60 EURO HEAT, Kragujevac 61 AKTING, Beograd 62 LINDAB, Beograd 63 INTERFRIGO, Beograd 64 DANFOSS, Beograd 65 REHAU, Beograd 66 SYSTEMAIR, Beograd 67 ELCOM TRADE, Beograd 68 ELCOM TRADE, Beograd 69 KIM TEC, Beograd 70 IZOEKOMONT, Obrenovac 71 IZOEKOMONT, Obrenovac 72 ETAŽ, Beograd 73 ETAŽ, Beograd 74 VALVE TRADE, Beograd 75 CALEFFI HIDROTERMIKA,

Beograd 76 GRAPPA, Beograd 77 GRAPPA, Beograd 78 STEELSOFT-LG, Beograd 79 STEELSOFT-LG, Beograd

80 SOKO INŽINJERING, Beograd 81 SOKO INŽINJERING, Beograd 82 ITN GROUP, Beograd 83 ITN GROUP, Beograd 84 KLIMA M, Beograd 85 KLIMA M, Beograd 86 TERMO PLUS, Beograd 87 TERMO PLUS, Beograd 88 ENERGY NET, Kać 89 ENERGY NET, Kać 90 KLIMA DOP, Beograd 91 TECE, Beograd D1 CHIGO ADRIA, Beograd D2 CHIGO ADRIA, Beograd D3 DRAVIDIS, Beograd D4 DRAVIDIS, Beograd D5 PAN KLIMA, Beograd D6 TEHNOEXPORT, Inđija D7 TEHNOEXPORT, Inđija D8 PIPELIFE SERBIA, Beograd D9 PIPELIFE SERBIA, Beograd D10 DOMING, Beograd D11 TIPO KOTLOGRADNJA,

Beograd D12 TIPO KOTLOGRADNJA,

Beograd D13 TRGOMETAL, Beograd

Prizemlje / Ground floor

Kongresnadvorana

Congress Hall1/0

Aneks AAnnex A

Aneks BAnnex B

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92 TERMOSISTEM, Crna Gora 93 TERMOSISTEM, Crna Gora 94 TERMOSISTEM, Crna Gora 95 IEG – INDUSTRIJA

ELEKTRIČNIH GREJAČA, Beograd

96 EMERSON-Ridgid 97 EMERSON-Vilter 98 EM ERSON 99 BRENTWOOD EUROPE,

Češka Republika 100 ALFACO INŽENJERING, Čačak 101 ALFACO INŽENJERING, Čačak 102 OZON DOOEL, Makedonija 103 ENING, Crna Gora 104 CAREL, Italija 105 CAREL, Italija

106 HALTON FOODSERVICE, Nemačka

107 HALTON FOODSERVICE, Nemačka

108 CENTRAL H, Majdanpek 109 EKO TERM, Senta 110 SVECOM, Beograd 111 TERMOKONVOJ PLUS, Zaječar 112 TEHNIKA KB, Beograd 113 CENTRAL H, Majdanpek 114 IMP PUMPS, Beograd 115 IMP PUMPS, Beograd 116 VELA FILAND, Beograd 117 DOMINION-LD Group, Beograd 118 MRU Gmbh, Nemačka 119 MINICHOTERM, Beograd 120 FISCHER, Austrija 121 RADING, Kraljevo

122 TERMO TEC FLEX, Obrenovac, RADIUS-KELIT, Austrija

123 BM ART, Sremski Karlovci 124 STRATO PLUS, Aleksinac 125 STRATO PLUS, Aleksinac 126 PORTAL, Zaječar 127 KLIMAOPREMA, Beograd 128 KLIMAOPREMA, Beograd 129 PVF, Beograd 130 PVF, Beograd 131 LG ELECTRONICS, Beograd 132 LG ELECTRONICS, Beograd 133 PORTAL, Zaječar 134 PORTAL, Zaječar 135 TOPIZ, Beograd 136 NEVOKAL DOO, Banja Luka 137 UPONOR, Hrvatska 138 DELTA TERM, Beograd

155 VRECOOL, Ada 156 TERMOINVEST, Kraljevo 157 ARBORVITAE, Slovenija 158 KP EKO-DIM, Beograd 159 TIEMME RACCORDERIE SpA,

Italija 160 TERMOENERGETIKA

ARMATURE, Požega 161 ION SOLUTIONS, Novi Sad 162 DECODE, Beograd 163 MAŠINSKI FAKULTET, Beograd 164 ETAŽ, Beograd 165 ETAŽ, Beograd 166 MIKOTERM ELECTRONIC, Niš 167 MIKOTERM ELECTRONIC, Niš 168 LOGIC DOO, Zrenjanin 169 FOCUS COMPUTERS, Beograd 170 IBPSA DANUBE

Galerija / Gallery

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Documents

kgh-kongres.rs · 2020. 6. 18. · 1. • Program. ORGANIZATOR. ORGANIZER. Društvo za grejanje, hlađenje i . klimatizaciju Srbije (KGH) Savezu mašinskih i