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Khi qut v Bt Cc quyn Vit bi: Gokuraku Shuj
Blogspot: http://gokuraku-shujo.blogspot.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/gokurakushujo.vietsub
Youtube: http://youtube.com/theJIDAIGEKI
im c sc
Bt Cc quyn (, Bnh m: Bjqun, m Nht: Hakkyoku-ken),
tn chnh thc l Khai Mn Bt Cc quyn, l mt mn phi v ngh
vi lc tn cng mnh nht trong s nhiu mn phi quyn php
Trung Hoa. Sc mnh ph hy ca n c nh gi l "bng hm
t kch", tc ch mt n khin c ni cng phi l, lc t kch lm
ni cng phi lay.
Lc tn cng ca Bt Cc quyn xut pht t "chn cc", tc k
thut dm mnh chn xung t.
Bt Cc quyn pht huy sc mnh hy dit gh gm nh ng tc s
dng ht ton thn, truyn nng lng sinh ra t chn cc ca phn
thn di n i phng, thng qua b v ca phn thn trn. l
kiu nh ly tn cng lm trung tm, t th trong chin u khng b
v ng trung tm ca c th, tn cng v phng th ngay trong
trng thi ng. Trong cc v phi khc, vn thng thy k thut tn
cng trong cc trng thi bay nhy, nm ngi.
im c trng trong chin php ca Bt Cc quyn chnh l tip cn
chin, c th hin qua cm t "hng b h tro" (bc gu vut
cp). Tc l t th tip cn i phng th vng chi, sng sng nh
gu, ra n th ngn v cng mnh nh h. K thut tn cng khi
tip cn chin khng ch gii hn quyn (nm m) v chng (lng
bn tay). D i phng c phng ng c quyn v chng th ta
vn c th lin tip xut ra n nh ch (khuu tay) hay dng c thn
ngi hc vo.
Dng ht ton thn, nht kch tt o (mt chiu phi ng), tn cng
chc chn trong tip cn chin, chnh l Bt Cc quyn.
Lch s v bi cnh
V ngun gc ca Bt Cc quyn th c nhiu thuyt, nhng c nht
l xut hin t gia thi nh Minh (1368~1644). Trong cun sch "K
hiu tn th" i nh Minh thy c "Ba t quyn", y chnh l
quyn php nguyn th ca Bt Cc quyn. Ba t chnh l ci co c.
Trong Bt Cc quyn c cch nm tay thnh quyn gi l "Ba t
quyn" ct tp trung lc vo u khuu tay khi nh ch. y l th
hnh c trng ca Bt Cc quyn, nhng hu nh khng bao gi
c s dng trong thc chin m ch to lc khi nh ch. Sch
"K hiu tn th" vit, cch nm tay c o ny tr thnh tn gi
ca mn v, v trong pht m ting Hn, "ba t" ging vi "bt cc"
nn sau cn c gi l "Bt Cc quyn".
Ba t quyn
ng tic l ngun gc v ngi sng lp nn Bt Cc quyn tuy c
nhiu thuyt nhng vn cha c r rng. Trong s cc thuyt ln
ln v ngun gc th u thy c nhc n nhn vt tn l Ng Chung
vo cui triu Thanh. Ng Chung hc c "bt cc chi thut" ca mt
v tin nhn, v t truyn dy Bt Cc quyn.
D chuyn ny c phi l s tht hay khng th d sao, Bt Cc quyn
cng xut hin r rng trong lch s t cui i nh Thanh v sn
sinh ra quyn s Bt Cc c cho l mnh nht lch s quyn php
Trung Hoa, l L Th Vn.
T cui Thanh triu tr i, thnh thong vn thy c nhng cao th Bt
Cc xut hin, nhng cha ai snh c vi L Th Vn, quyn s
bt bi sng trong khong 1864~1934.
T thnh tch lin chin bt bi khi lang bt khp ni ca L Th Vn,
qun i bt u ch n v th u vit ca Bt Cc quyn v a
vo khoa mc chnh thc.
Trong s my ngi t m L Th Vn dy d, c mt ngi
(Hoc in Cc) sau gi chc v thut ch nam cho v Hong cui
cng ca triu Thanh l Ph Nghi v cng l cn v ca Hong ,
vic ny cng ng gp nhiu trong vic ni danh ca Bt Cc quyn.
a phng truyn tha ch yu Tri vi ngun gc, ngi sng lp khng r rng th trong sch "K
hiu tn th" c ghi r rng t pht tch ca Bt Cc quyn l vng
Thng chu, tnh H Bc.
u tin, ngi theo hc Bt Cc mn (tn gi chung cc mn phi
Bt Cc quyn) ch gii hn trong s ngi Thng chu, nhng
nh vo thnh tch qua cc trn t th khp t nc Trung Quc do
cc cao th gy dng nn (nht l L Th Vn) m tnh u vit ca
Bt Cc quyn c bit n rng ri. Kt qu l k thut u vit ca
Bt Cc quyn c nh gi cao, tr thnh chnh khoa ca "Trung
Quc quc thut qun", c quan o to ra nhiu v thut gia c ting
ca t nc ny, nh m mn v ny c ph cp rng ri. Hin
nay, cc v s bo v yu nhn trong chnh ph cng ang nhit tm
hc tp Bt Cc quyn, xem y l mn v thut mnh nht.
Ngoi Thng chu, Bt Cc quyn cn ph bin di dt Trng
Xun thuc tnh Ct Lm pha ng Bc Trung Quc. L do l khi
Thanh triu dit vong, Hong Ph Nghi cho di v Trng
Xun, vi hy vng th ch ca mnh s nh ma xun lu di. Lc
Hong cng dn theo nhiu v s l cao th Bt Cc quyn n
Trng Xun, v h ph bin mn v ti a phng ny. V th
Trng Xun cn c xem nh qu hng th hai ca Bt Cc
quyn.
L lun ca Bt Cc quyn
Cng ging nh cc mn v u t khc trn Th gii nh KarateKhng Th
,
Boxing, JdNhu o
, l tng ca Bt Cc quyn chnh l li chin u "cng
phng nht th" (cng th hp nht).
iu ny c v ht sc n gin, nhng d l phng php tn cng
no i na th khi tn cng nht nh s sinh ra s h, v nu phng
ng th khng th tn cng c. Cng phng nht th tc l va tn
cng va phng ng, va bo v mnh va tn cng ch. l
phng php chin u hon bch hon ton khng c s h, trong
hai hnh ng tng phn c tin hnh ng thi.
Bt Cc quyn hin thc ha cng phng nht th, l tng m
cc mn v khp Th gii cu tm, thng qua 3 im di y.
Cng kch mnh m
Tip cn chin
Ch trng c bn
Cng kch mnh m/cng kch chnh l phng
ng vng chc nht
Bt Cc quyn ch trng n vic cng kch. K thut nh gc ch
bng mt n, tc "nht kch tt st" chnh l k thut ti cao ca Bt
Cc quyn. Ti Trung Quc, lc cng kch ca Bt Cc quyn c
cho l "bng hm t kch", tc lc t kch lm lung lay, sp l c ni.
y l li tn thng i vi t tng cc k n gin trong chin
u ca Bt Cc quyn. Nu mt n nh i phng th s
khng b phn kch li, tc l cch suy ngh bin cng kch thnh
phng ng. Ch ngha cng kch ch thng ca Bt Cc quyn c
tn thn trn ton t Trung Hoa v ly s cng kch bo lit nht lm
phng v chc chn nht.
Bt Cc quyn ch trng n t tng n gin n mc ng s
hn bt c th g ht, cng t m n hon thin "cng phng nht
th", phng php chin u cng cc m mi k thut cch u u
khng ngng tm kim.
Khong cch trong thc chin/ tip cn chin
Bt Cc quyn hon thin c yu t "cng phng nht th", li
cn bin lc cng kch mnh lit tr nn mnh m hn, sn sinh ra
chin php chuyn ha sc mnh thnh lc phng ng vng chc.
y chnh l l lun v chin u th hai ca Bt Cc quyn, tip cn
chin.
Nhn chung, khong cch trong chin u c chia lm 3 loi. Ty
vo loi k thut v mn phi m c th sai lch v c ly, nhng tu
trung l c ly tm xa nu khng di chuyn th n nh khng trng
ch, c ly tm trung m ch cn vn tay l c th chm ch, v cui
cng l c ly gn, ch vi ta dnh cht ly nhau v khng th t do thi
trin quyn cc nh bnh thng c. C ly tm trung l khong
cch m lc tn cng ca ngi bnh thng c pht huy mc
cao nht. c ly tm trung m mt ngi bnh thng c th ra n
mnh m c th i vi cc v thut gia, mt n ca h c th bin
thnh hung kh ly mng.
Nu nh hai v thut gia trin khai tn cng nhau c ly tm trung th
d nghing v hng ch ton cng kch, hoc tr thnh trn nh lm
tiu hao dn sc lc ca nhau v h u khng bit khi no th n
nh kh ca i th lao vo mnh, trng thi c n c ng v
khng ny ging nh tr Russian roulette vy.
Cn trng hp c ly tm xa th v mt tn cng, c mt im tr l
phi xng n gn i phng n nh trng ch.
Trong khi th c ly gn m c hai chm c nhau th rt kh
thi trin n m hay , vn cn mt khong cch nht nh. Trong
trng hp ny, tn cng th phi cn n nhng k thut chin
u c th, (nh chn, , xit, vn kha khp) nhng n tn cng
thng thng b hn ch nn c th ni y l v tr d phng ng nht.
Bt Cc quyn ch v chin u c ly gn, tc tip cn chin, vn
khng s dng n dy thn kinh phng v nn c th tp trung
chuyn nim vo vic tn cng n thun.
Tuy nhin, khi phng ra n tn cng th v nguyn tc phi phng
mnh m ging nh ko di tay, chn ra tng thm uy lc. iu
ny mang mc ch lp khuyt im rt kh bo m khong cch
cn thit phng ra n cng kch uy lc v c hai dnh cht nhau.
Ngi luyn Bt Cc quyn lun lun thc phng n tn cng
c xa hn, uy lc mnh hn. y chnh l k php "phng trng
kch vin" c nhiu mn phi cao v tip nhn, trong c
Thng Bi quyn.
Qu trnh tu luyn Bt Cc quyn
Luyn tp lp i lp li/ ch trng cn bn
Hai l lun v chin u ca Bt Cc quyn l tn cng bo lit v tip
cn chin nh cp bn trn l hai yu t quan trng cu thnh nn
mn v ny. V ch c nhng ngi ch trng cn bn mt cch trit
, tri qua qu trnh rn luyn mi c th thc hin c. Trong
Bt Cc quyn chia lm 3 giai on ln trong qu trnh rn luyn. y
l 3 giai on do cc quyn s Bt Cc tp hp li t cc k php
chin u trong thc t, v ch khi hi c ht c 3 giai on ny mi
c nhn nhn nh mt Bt Cc quyn s thc s.
Tuy nhin, trc khi tri qua 3 giai on ny th phi hc 8 c bn nh
l nn tng ban u. Sau khi tri qua 8 c bn, hc ht 3 giai on th
quyn s s c c hi tip nhn 8 o ngha (tt st k) v 6 chu php
(php nh ch). S ph ch truyn dy 8 mc o ngha v 6 chu
php cho ngi t hon thin ht cn bn ca Bt Cc quyn
v c nhn nhn l c nhn cch hon ho. iu ny xut pht t
quan nim, nu khng phi l ngi c nhn cch ng hong, chm
ch luyn tp v khng d dng cho ngi khc thy o ngha ca
mn phi th khng th truyn t k thut Bt Cc quyn ng n
cho hu th c.
Kim cang bt thc/ 8 c bn
u tin l hc Kim cang bt thc, tc 8 k thut c bn ca Bt Cc
quyn, rn luyn theo ng thng. Trt t c th khc nhau ty mn
phi nhng u gm 8 k thut di y
Xung chy (): k thut m trung on
Xuyn chng (): n chng trung on
Hng long (): n m t di ln
Phc h (): n nh t trn khin ch ph phc
Phch sn chng (): nh bng th ao (cnh bn tay)
Quyn bo chng (): k thut nh tm xa him hoi ca
Bt Cc quyn
H bo (): k thut rn luyn cng ha phn di c
th
Thm m chng (): k thut nh chng lin hon
Trong Bt Cc quyn th Xung chy l chiu c luyn trc nht.
im chung ca cc chiu trong Kim cang bt thc l phi thc chin,
kh c th nh trng c i tng di chuyn nhng n c cu
thnh vi ngha ch trng n vic rn bc n giai on tip
theo. ng tc c thi trin mnh bo, gc rng v l bc u tin
nui dng lc cn thit (cng phu).
Xuy chy trong Kim cang bt thc l k thut c bn, gn nh v dng
trong chin u nhng Bt Cc quyn s tiu tn 3 nm tri ch
luyn k thut ny. V cho n khi hon thnh th quyt khng th hc
chiu thc tip theo hay so l (tng ng vi Kata trong v Nht).
Giai on th nht/ Bt Cc tiu gi
Sau khi hc xong Kim Cang bt thc, quyn s hc sang Bt Cc tiu
gi, bi so l c cu thnh t cc k thut c bn v l bc u
tin trong 3 giai on. Mc ch ca vic hc Bt Cc tiu gi l
cng ha thn th, rn luyn khun mu cho k thut, ng tc.
Ging nh Kim cang bt thc, Bt Cc tiu gi ch ton cc k thut
cng kch, hon ton khng c k thut phng ng. V thnh tu
c giai on ny cn phi tri qua t nht 2 n 3 nm. Tiu tn
nhiu thi gian ch hc cn bn v ch gii hn trong k thut tn
cng chnh l biu hin cho l lun cng lit ca Bt Cc quyn,
chnh l khi nim tn cng mnh lit nht l phng ng vng chi
nht.
Bt Cc tiu gi bao gm cc bi so l (kata) l Tiu Bt Cc, Lo
Bt Cc, T Bt Cc... v c gi l b sng ca Bt Cc quyn.
Tiu gi quan trng n ni c cho rng, nu hc tiu gi m khng
xong th sau ny c hc g cng v ch.
Giai on th hai/ Bt Cc trng quyn
Sau khi thun thc cc k thut di c bn th quyn s s bc n
Bt Cc trng quyn, tp i thnh ca k thut thc chin. Ging
nh Bt Cc tiu gi, chng loi k thut ca phn ny rt phong ph,
a dng.
im khc bit ln gia Bt Cc trng quyn v Bt Cc tiu gi l
trong giai on trc ch yu hc v k thut cn chin cn thit c
th ra n trng ch mt cch hon ho. Trong giai on ny hc
thm cc k thut b tr, c th l ha knh v cc k thut tn cng
lin hon bng ch hay hc u khi quyn nh trt. Ngoi ra cn c
"cm " l k thut bt tay khng ch i phng, vn him thy
trong Bt Cc quyn. K thut ny tng ng vi k thut vn kha
khp, b ngc tay ca AikidHip kh o
.
Trong giai on ny cn hc c b php "sm b" dng trin
khai cng kch cn chin. Nguyn lai, lc tn cng trong Bt Cc
quyn sinh ra t phn thn di, cn sm b li dy cch bc chn
vo gia hng ca ch, dng bp i nh dp nt h b ca i th.
Ngoi ra nu nhit tm cn c th hc thm k thut dm chn i th
nh mt cng c h tr trong cn chin, ng dng cn bc di
chuyn ca ch.
Bt Cc trng quyn c cu thnh t cc bi so l nh i Bt
Cc, Bt Cc i gi, Hot Bt Cc... Nu phn tiu gi, quyn s
xy dng c b sng th i Bt Cc, khu pho s c t
ln b. Tc l y s hc cch s dng nhng g hc c
tiu gi vo thc chin.
Giai on th ba/ Lc i khai
Lc i khai l tn gi chung ca 6 k thut tinh ty ca Bt Cc
quyn, gm
nh (nh chu)
Bo (bo chu)
n (n dng )
( nh)
Khing (khing )
Trin (song trin th)
Nhnh Trng Xun cn truyn dy thm 2 chiu thc na l Triu
dng th v B vng gi (chit) giang.
Cn bao nhiu thi gian luyn thnh lc i khai th khng thy ni
r, v phn o ngha ny ch truyn dy cho ngi no thun thc
phn c bn v c tha nhn v mt nhn cch.
Trong phim nh, tiu thuyt hay thy nhn vt chnh hc c quyn
php tt st mt cch n gin v trong thi gian ngn, nhng thc t
quyt chng h n gin nh vy.
Lc i khai l c ng ca Bt Cc mn nn hi c c n cn
phi hiu thm su v ton din v mn v ny. Kim Cang bt thc l
phn lt ng c bn, nhng cng l iu kin tuyt i xy dng
nn thc lc lnh hi lc i khai.
o ngha/ Bt i chiu thc
Ngoi lc i khai, Bt Cc quyn cn c 8 k thut tt st gi l Bt
i chiu thc, gm
Mnh h ngnh ba sn ()
D m to bn ()
Bch x th tn ()
Hong lang su t ()
Phiu sa thi ()
Ngoi b thung ()
Dim vng tam im th ()
Ngnh sp th ()
Trn y l bt i chiu thc do nhnh Trng Xun Bt Cc quyn
truyn dy.
Phn ln cc k thut trong Bt i chiu thc l cc ng tc c bn,
c thm nhng chuyn ng mang tnh la n v cng phu thm
nhng cch nm quyn d nh vo yu huyt trn c th ngi.
Nu khng nmk Kim Cang bt thc v Bt Cc tiu gi th d c hc
bao nhiu nm cng khng lnh hi c Bt i chiu thc.
S li hi ca Bt i chiu thc c th hin qua giai thoi v L
Th Vn, ch dng mt chiu trong s l Mnh h ngnh ba sn m
p ch ht mi i th.
Lc chu u/ 6 k thut nh ch
Ngnh khai mn ()
Ngoi din chu ()
Lo h u mao ()
B vng nh mn ()
B vng thnh khch ()
Nghnh mn tam bt qu ()
Cng ging nh Bt i chiu thc, y l phn o ngha m nu
khng hon thnh c phn c bn th s khng tip thu c. Nghe
ni hin ti ch c hai ngi lnh hi c ht Bt i chiu thc v
Lc chu u.
Nhiu mn phi vn gi b mt cho tn v k php ca Lc i khai v
Bt i chiu thc ch khng cng khai chnh thc.
Bt Cc quyn ti Nht Bn
Trong nhng nm gn y, Bt Cc quyn l mn v ang thnh hnh
ti Nht Bn. Ngi dn t nc ny yu thch Bt Cc quyn bi uy
lc mnh m ca n v cng nh vo cng ln ca Matsuda Rychi,
nh nghin cu v thut ngi Nht. Matsuda Rychi tng hc qua
cc mn c v thut Nht Bn, sau tip xc vi Bt Cc quyn v
nhiu mn quyn php Trung Hoa khc. ng l mt trong nhng
ngi c cng ln trong vic gii thiu c v thut Nht Bn cng nh
quyn php Trung Hoa n i chng nc ny.
Nm 1988, Matsuda hp tc vi mt ha s truyn tranh (Manga-ka)
cho ra i tc phm "KenjiQuyn Nhi
" vi ni dung k v mt cu b Nht
Bn trng thnh ln tng ngy vi nim say m Bt Cc quyn. Tc
phm ny ngay lp tc c cho n nng nhit v gy nn cn st
Bt Cc quyn ti Nht Bn. T ting tm ca mn v ny cng
c nhng ngi tr tui bit n nhiu hn.
Tng t, gii tr Vit Nam cng bit n Bt Cc quyn thng qua
tc phm truyn tranh ca Matsuda Rychi khi n c xut bn vi
ngn ng bn a.
Thc ra, trc khi sng tc "Kenji" th Matsuda cng hp tc vi
mt ha s khc trong tc phm "Otoko-gumi" vi nhn vt chnh s
Bt Cc quyn, nhng t c bit n hn. Nhn vt chnh trong
"Otoko-gumi" s Trn gia Thi Cc quyn, nhng khi ng vi Bt
Cc quyn mi bit s li hi ca mn v ny v t theo luyn Bt
Cc.
Nhn vt Yki Akira, biu tng ca dng game Virtua Fighter
Mt tc nhn lan truyn Bt Cc quyn khc khng th khng nhc
n l dng game Virtua Fighter ca hng Sega pht hnh nm 1993.
y l game cch u (u v i khng) m phng thc t k thut
ca cc mn v thc t, trong Yki Akira l nhn vt s Bt Cc
quyn, rt c a chung.
Hin nay, cc dng Bt Cc quyn ch o ti Nht l V n (),
Trng Xun, Ng th Bt Cc quyn.... Nhnh Trng Xun th nh
cp u bi vit, cn V n l t chc hot ng ch yu i
Loan, c tn gi chnh thc l "V n Quc Thut Thi Qung Trung
Tm" (tin thn l "V hc nghin cu x") thnh lp nm 1971. V
n c cho l nhnh Bt Cc do L Th Vn sng lp vo nhng
nm cui i, truyn li cho t l Lu Vn Tiu v ng ny b trn
sang i Loan khi cuc ni chin gia Trung Quc Quc Dn ng v
Trung Quc Cng Sn ng n hi ny la. Nm 1971, ng thnh
lp V n v hot ng nh mt v thut gia, c nhiu ngi bit
n.
Tuy c Trng Xun v V n u l h thng ca L Th Vn,
nhng nhiu thuyt cho rng Ng th (h Ng) mi l dng chnh ca
Bt Cc quyn. C l iu ny bt ngun t truyn thuyt o s Ng
Chung nh k trn.
Bt Cc quyn trong vn ha phm i chng
Phn ny cp n cc tc phm i chng ch yu ti Nht Bn.
Manga-Anime
Kenji
Otoko-gumi
Air Master
GANTZ
Shij saiky no deshi Ken-ichi
Sten no ken
SABER CATS
Love Hina
Mah sensei Negima
Beruzebabu
81 Diver
Senki zessh Symphogear
Game
Virtue Fighter (nhn vt: Yki Akira)
Fighter History (nhn vt: L in c)
Gar densetsu (nhn vt: ng H L)
Shenmue (nhn vt: Hazuki Ry )
The King of Fighters (nhn vt: Truy Quyn Sng)
Street Fighter III (nhn vt: Yang, Yun)
MELTY BLOOD (nhn vt: Arima Miyako)
MAX ANARCHY (nhn vt: Big Bull)
FATE series (Ngn Phong K L, Vin Phn Lm, L Th Vn)
Dead or Alive 4 (nhn vt: Kokoro)
Tekken 6 (nhn vt: Leo)
Da Capo
Ehrgeiz (nhn vt: L Th Vn)
Bloody Roar (nhn vt: Long/Shenlong. Nghim mt m ni th l
Lc Hp Tm quyn vi mt s n th ca Bt Cc quyn)