Kinh Trai Tim Tue Giac Vo Thuong - TT Thich Tam Thien Dich

8/3/2019 Kinh Trai Tim Tue Giac Vo Thuong - TT Thich Tam Thien Dich

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KINH TRI TIM TU GIC V THNG(PRAJNAPARAMIT-HRDAYA-STRA)

TT.Thch Tm Thin DchNgun

http://thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 8-8-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcPHN I

I. Li dn v kinh Tri TimII. Bt Nh Ba La Mt a Tm KinhIII. Kinh Tri Tim Tu Gic V ThngIV. Cu Trc Ca Kinh Tri Tim

V. Phn Tch Cu Trc Ca Kinh Tri TimVI. Thay Li Kt

Phn IINGHI THC TH TR TM KINH

1- Li tn Pht v cng dng Tam Bo :2- nh l cng dng :3- Li khai kinh4- Kinh Tri Tim Tu Gic V Thng5- Li nguyn6- Hi Hng

Bi ging

THNG IP KINH TRI TIMI/ Thng ip ca Tm kinhII/ Ni dung thng ip ca Tm kinh

PHN I

I. Li dn v kinh Tri Tim

Kinh Tri Tim, ting Phn gi l Prajnparamita Hrdaya Sutra, Hn dch lBt Nh Ba La Mt a Tm Kinh, Vit dch l kinh Tri Tim Tu Gic VThng ; gi tt l Kinh Tri Tim (Tm kinh).

Theo nhiu s liu, kinh Bt Nh xut hin trc ty lch khong mt trmnm. C l, bn c nht l Astashasrik thng c gi l Bch Lun. Bnkinh ny ln u tin c dch sang ting Trung Hoa vo nm 179 sau ty
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Giang%20Kinh/Bat%20Nha%20Tam%20Kinh/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Giang%20Kinh/Bat%20Nha%20Tam%20Kinh/


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lch, di nhan l o Hnh Bt Nh (Tiu phm Bt Nh) gm 8.000bi k, dn xut t bn Pancavimasatissrik (i Phm Bt Nh, cng gil Quang Tn Bt Nh hay Phng Quang Bt Nh), gm c 25.000 bi k.

Bn Tm kinh ny l bn c kt nht, khng hn 300 ch, v ang c luhnh rt ph bin ti cc nc Vin ng chu .

V mt lch s t tng, kinh Bt Nh l b kinh u tin truyn b t tngi tha (Mahayana), bt ngun t min Nam n , thuc trung tmtruyn gio ca i chng b (Mahsamghik) v i biu trung tm cakinh ny l Tnh Khng (Snyata).

Ring v bn Tm kinh ny c dch ra nhiu th ting trn th gii nhting Anh, c, Php,... Bn Anh ng u tin do Max Muller dch, in nm

1884 ; bn th hai do Shaku Hannya dch,in nm 1923 ; bn dch ln th bado TS. Suzuki dch, v c in trong b Thin Lun (Essay in ZenBuddhism) vo nm 1934. V n nm 1948, E. Conze cng b thm mt

bn dch mi. Trn y l cc bn dch ni ting ca cc hc gi c thmquyn chuyn mn v Pht hc.

Nhn chung, cc bn dch Tm kinh ch khc nhau cch dng t v ngton, cn ni dung th ging nhau, tng t vi bn dch u tin ca ngiHuyn Trang vo th k th VII.

V ni dung, Tm kinh c xem nh l "Tri tim" ca t tng Pht hcc ni ra bi Tu gic V thng ca Pht, nhm dt dn chng sinh ivo thc ti -gii thot.

II. Bt Nh Ba La Mt a Tm Kinh

(Ng m Hn - Vit)

1. Qun t ti B Tt hnh thm Bt nh Ba la mt a thi chiu kin ngun giai khng, nht thit kh ch.

2. X Li t ! Sc bt d Khng, Khng bt d Sc ; Sc tc th khng,khng tc th sc; th, tng, hnh, thc dic phc nh th.

3. X Li t ! Th ch php khng tng, bt sanh bt dit, bt cu bt tnh,bt tng bt gim.


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4. Th c khng trung, v sc, v th, tng, hnh, thc ; v nhn, nh, t,thit, thn, ; v sc, thanh, hng, v, xc, php ; v nhn gii, ni ch v thc gii ; v v minh dic, v v minh tn; ni ch v lo t, dic v lo ttn ; v kh, tp, dit, o ; v tr dic v c.

5. D v s c c, B tt a y Bt nh Ba la mt a c tm v quingi ; v qui ngi c v hu khng b, vin ly in o mng tng ; cucnh Nit bn.

6. Tam th ch Pht y Bt nh Ba la mt a c c A nu a la tam miutam B .

7. C tri Bt nh Ba la mt a, th i thn ch, th i minh ch, th vthng ch, th v ng ng ch, nng tr nht thit kh, chn tht bt h.

C thuyt Bt nh Ba la mt a ch, tc thuyt ch vit : "Yt , yt , bala yt , ba la tng yt , B , tt b ha".

III. Kinh Tri Tim Tu Gic V Thng

(Li Vit)

1- Khi tin su vo ngun mch ca Tu gic V thng (1), Ngi TnhThc Bnh Yn (2) soi sng nh tht rng t tnh ca nm hp th (3) u lKhng (4), lin thot ly mi kh ch.

2- Ny ngi con dng Sari (5), hnh th chng khc chn khng, chnkhng chng khc hnh th; hnh th l chn khng, chn khng l hnh th;cm xc (6), nim l (7), t duy (8) v thc (9) u l nh vy.

3- Ny ngi con dng Sari, tt c hin hu c biu th l Khng; nkhng sanh, khng dit; khng nh, khng sch; khng tng, khng gim.

4- V th, ny ngi con dng Sari, trong Khng khng c hnh th, khngc cm xc, khng c nim l, khng c t duy, khng c thc (10) ;

khng c mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ; khng c hnh th, m thanh, hngthm, mi v, xc chm (11) v hin hu (12). Khng c i tng ca mt,cho n khng c i tng ca thc ; khng c minh, khng c v minh(13), khng c s chm dt ca minh, cng khng c s chm dt ca vminh ; cho n khng c tui gi v s cht, cng khng c s chm dt catui gi v s cht ; khng c kh au, khng c nguyn nhn ca kh au,khng c s chm dt kh au, v khng c con ng a n s chm dt


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kh au (14) ; khng c tr gic (15) cng khng c s thnh tu tr gic, vchng c qu v ca tr gic no thnh tu.

5- Ngi Tnh Thc Bnh Yn, do sng an lnh trong Tu gic V thngm thot ly tt c chng ngi. V rng, v khng c nhng chng ngitrong tm nn khng c s hi v xa ri nhng cung si mng tng, cucnh Nit bn.

6- Tt c ch Pht trong ba i (16) u nng vo Tu gic V thng mthnh tu (17) chnh gic.

7- V th, nn bit rng Tu gic V thng l sc thn (18) k v, l scthn ca tr tu v i, l sc thn cao tuyt, l sc thn ti hu, v song; cth tr dit tt c kh au. Sc thn thot sinh t Tu gic V thng ny l

s tht, l chn l. Sc thn c nng lc ti thng c tuyn ni trongkinh Tri Tim Tu Gic V Thng rng :

"i qua, i qua,i qua b bn kia,

i qua n b bn kia, reo vui!"(Xem ch thch phn cui)

IV. Cu Trc Ca Kinh Tri Tim

Bn Tm kinh li Vit trn c chia thnh by phn on, biu th cho conng Thin qun ca B Tt, v c trnh by th t nh sau :

1-Phn on mt : Gii thiu : a- Ch th qun st; b- Tr tu qun st ; c-i tng qun st, v d- Tc nng ca tr tu qun st.

2- Phn on hai : Gii thiu v Tnh Khng.

3- Phn on ba : Gii minh v bn Tnh Khng.

4- Phn on bn : Gii minh v 5 un, 12 x, 18 gii v 12 nhn duyntrong 4 Thnh .

5- Phn on nm : Gii thiu v nng lc ca Tu gic V thng.

6- Phn on su : Xc chng v Tu gic V thng qua ba i ch Pht.


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7- Phn on by : Minh th v sc thn ca Tu gic V thng i vi sdit tr kh au hay thng chng Nit bn.

Kt thc, Tm kinh trng tng cu linh ng ca Pht. "Gate, gate, paragate;parasamgate, Bodhi Svha!".

V. Phn Tch Cu Trc Ca Kinh Tri Tim

A) Phn on mt

"Khi tin su vo ngun mch ca Tu gic V thng, Ngi Tnh ThcBnh Yn soi sng nh tht rng t tnh ca nm hp th u l Khng, linthot ly mi kh ch". (The Bodhisattva Avalokitsvara, while engaged inthe practice of profound Prajnparamit, perceived that the five aggregatesare empty of "Self-existence", thus he overcame all sufferings and troubles).

on kinh ny ch c mt cu duy nht, cng l cu lun (thesis sentence)ca ton b bn kinh Tri Tim. V sau khi c ht ton bn kinh ta s thyrng tt c ni dung ca n c hm cha trong cu lun ny mt cchtrn vn v cht ch.

y, lun ca kinh bao gm : (1) Ch th quan st (B TtAvalokitsvara), (2) i tng quan st (nm un hay nm hp th), (3) Cs quan st (tr tu Bt nh) v (4) Tc nng ca tr tu quan st (soi sng t

tnh ca nm hp th l Khng, v thot ly mi kh ch)1.1 Ch th quan st

B Tt Avalokitsvara c dch l Quan Th m hay l Qun T Ti, chai danh t ny u c ngha v B Tt lng nghe m thanh ca cuc i(seeing world voice). Song, theo Bt Nh Tm Kinh Tn ca Vin Trc(Wonchuk) (1*) th, danh t Quan Th m v mt ngn ng khng biu thc quyn nng quan st v tm thc v mng cn; do Avalokitsvarac dch li l Qun T Ti; c l, v mc ch bin minh cho s trong

sng ca kinh nn vn danh t c bn n. Cn v bn cht, theo tnguyn, Qun Th m hay Qun T Ti u c dch t mt danh t duynht l Avalokitsvara.

V khi n lc Vit ha, chng ti ly ngha ca "Qun - T - Ti" nhdanh cho ch th quan st : "Ngi Tnh Thc Bnh Yn" vi hai l do : a)Kinh Tri Tim l con ng tu tp duy nht kh d a n gic ng hay tri


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nhn thc ti Tnh Khng; y l con ng m chnh c Pht i qua.Do , ch c nhng ai tht s sng trong tnh thc v bnh yn mi c thtri nhn c Tnh Khng. Thc tnh v bnh yn y l s biu th chotrng thi thin nh (quan st v nm un hay nm hp th). b) Kinh TriTim li l bn kinh gi u ca Pht t cc nc Pht gio Vin ng vchu , v ngy nay th ang rung chuyn mnh n c gii tr thc chuu, chu M... Ring ngi Vit, nu l Pht t th khng ai m khngthuc Tm Kinh. V th, khi Vit ha danh t ny ngi dch ngh rng, nuAvalokitsvara c Trung Hoa dch l Qun T Ti truyn b cho dntc ca h th ti sao danh t y khng c Vit ha?

1.2 i tng quan st

i tng quan st y l nm un hay nm hp th (aggregates) gm :

hp th ca sc (thuc th gii vt l), ca th, tng, hnh v thc (thuctm l), ni chung l con ngi v th gii s vt hin tng (The world ofphenomena).

1.3 C s quan st

y c s dng quan st l tr tu Bt nh (Tu gic V thng), hay trtu thot ly nh nguyn ; trc nhn thc ti nh l chnh n (to theirappearances as they really are). Kinh gi l tr tu bn kia b : Tr tu(Prajn), Bn kia b (pramit).

1.4 Tc nng ca tr tu quan st

Tc nng ca tr tu quan st trc ht c xc nh hai im ngay trongcu lun ca kinh : a) "Hnh thm Bt nh": ngha l tin su vo ngunmch ca Tu gic V thng (engaged in the practice of profoundPrajnparamit); v b) "Chiu kin ng un giai khng": ngha l soi sngnh thc rng t tnh ca nm hp th u l Khng (perceived that the fiveaggregates are empty of Self-existence). Nu thc hnh c hai im thencht ny th lp tc "lin thot ly mi kh ch" (overcame all sufferings and

troubles). Nh vy, tc nng ca tr tu quan st y l tc nng gii thotcho t thn (Svartha) v tha nhn (Parartha).

B) Phn on hai

"Ny ngi con dng Sari, hnh th chng khc chn khng, chn khngchng khc hnh th. Hnh th l chn khng, chn khng l hnh th; cm


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xc, nim l, t duy v thc u l nh vy". (O Sriputra, Form is notdifferent from Emptiness, and Emptiness is not different from Form. Form isEmptiness and Emptiness is Form. The same can be said of feelings,conceptions, actions and consciousnesses).

Phn on ny gii thiu v Tnh Khng. Khng, khng c ngha l khc viSc (C - hay hin hu), li cng khng c ngha l rng tuch, trng vng.

Nhng Khng y l bn tnh siu vit v ha gii mi cc oan, nhkin v chn l cng c v chn l tuyt i. Do , bn tnh mu nhimk v ca "Khng" l v mt hin tng th "hnh th" chng khc chnkhng, chn khng chng khc hnh th. Nh th, Sc (hnh th) v Khng y trng c v nh l hai; nh sng (sc) khc vi nc (khng). Cn vmt t th, sng v nc l mt, sc v khng cng vy. Do , kinh nirng: "Hnh th l chn khng, chn khng l hnh th".

C) Phn on ba

Ny ngi con dng Sari, tt c hin hu c biu th l Khng ; n khngsanh, khng dit, khng nh, khng sch, khng tng, khng gim". (OSriputra, the characteristics of the Emptiness of all dharmas are that it is notarising, not ceasing, not defiled, not immaculate, not increasing, notdecreasing).

Phn on ny gii minh bn tnh Khng ca hin hu (dharmas), tc con

ngi v th gii s vt hin tng. Bn cht ca con ngi v th gii vnkhng c mt ng th c lp, chng l hin hu ca duyn sinh; do , n

phi c nhn thc nh l chnh n, tc l "Khng" c mt ng th (entity)tuyt i. Cn chuyn sinh dit, nh sch, tng gim y l do nim

phn bit ca con ngi. Hin hu - hay cc php - vn khng c nhng ctnh . iu ny c ct ngha qua 3 t tnh ca trit hc Duy thc nhsau :

1- Vi t tnh gi lp (parikalpita - svabhava), hin hu vn khng tht nnkhng th c xem nh l sinh dit, nh sch, tng gim.

2- Vi t tnh ty thuc (panratantra svabhava), hin hu l do duyn sinhnn khng th ni l c sinh dit, nh sch, tng gim.

3- Vi t tnh tuyt i (prinispanna-svabhava), hin hu l chn nh, vnthot ly ngoi nim v nhn, ng - (v nhn ng hay ng php cu khng),nn khng th ni n sinh dit, nh sch, tng gim.


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D) Phn on bn

"V th, ny ngi con dng Sari, trong Khng khng c hnh th, khng ccm xc, khng c nim l, khng c t duy, khng c thc, khng cmt, tai, mi, li, thn v ; khng c hnh th, m thanh, hng thm,mi v, xc chm v hin hu ; khng c i tng ca mt cho n khngc i tng ca thc ; khng c minh, khng c v minh; khng c schm dt ca minh, cng khng c s chm dt ca v minh ; cho nkhng c tui gi v s cht, cng khng c s chm dt ca tui gi v scht ; khng c kh au, khng c nguyn nhn ca kh au, khng c schm dt kh au v khng c con ng a n s chm dt kh au ;khng c tr gic cng khng c s thnh tu tr gic ; v chng c qu vca tr gic no thnh tu (For these reasons, in Emptiness there are noform, no feelings, no conceptions, no actions, no consciousnesses ; no eye,

ear, tongue, body, or mind ; no form, sound, odour, taste, touch or mindobject ; no eye - elements until we come to no elements of consciousnesses ;no ignorance and no extinction of ignorance ; no old age-and-death, and noextinction of old age-and-death ; no truth of Sufferings, no Truth of thecauses of Sufferings, of the Cessation of Sufferings or of the Path. There isno knowledge and no attainment whatsoever).

Ni dung ca phn on ny, Tm kinh gii minh v 5 un (Skandhas) : Sc(hnh th) gm ni sc (thn th vt l) v ngoi sc (th gii s vt hintng). Ni sc bao gm : cm xc (cm th), nim l (tng), t duy, hnh

(hay cc hot ng thuc c cu ca tm l ni chung [mental formation])v thc. K n, Tm kinh ni v cc x (ayatanas) : ni sn sinh ra cchot ng, tc nghip. Su x bao gm: 6 ni x (mt, tai, mi, li, thn, )v 6 ngoi x (sc, thanh, hng, v, xc, php [hay hin hu]), cng chungli thnh 12 x. Do cc hot ng giao tip gia su ni x (ch th) v sungoi x (i tng) nn hnh thnh su thc (ca mt, tai, mi, li, thnv ), gi chung l 18 gii (dhatus), tc 18 ht nhn tng quan ca hinhu, hay ni ng hn l hnh thnh nn hin hu. Nng ta vo 5 un(hp th) v 18 gii m 12 nhn duyn (v minh, hnh, thc, danh-sc, lc

nhp, xc, th, i, th, hu, sinh, lo - t) (2*) xoay trn qua Bn Thnh (kh, tp, dit, o) theo hai con ng, hoc lu chuyn (t tp n kh) hoc hon dit (t o n dit ).

Nhng mi tng quan sinh khi v on dit ca 5 un, 18 gii, 12 nhnduyn v Bn Thnh nh va trnh by, thc cht ch l mt tin trnhhin hu (process of becoming). N khng h c sinh ra hay c y c


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vo bt lun mt thc th no, bn cht ca n l v thng, nn c gi lKhng.

Kinh li ni : "Khng c tr gic, khng c s thnh tu tr gic ; v chng cqu v ca tr gic no thnh tu".

y, cn hiu rng khi c Pht dy con ngi v hin tng gii lkhng thc c, l s hin din ca v minh v.v... Thng thng, nghe nhvy, th nim phn bit ca chng ta lp tc mun b ci v minh i tmci minh, hay b chng sinh i tm s tr gic - gic ng, nh th ngha ltip tc ri vo thin chp (hoc c, hoc khng...). Do s phn bit minh vv minh, tr v v tr ny nn Tm kinh li ph nh thm mt ln na, tc

ph nh ci ph nh,... vi mc ch lm cho chng sinh vt ra mi nhkin. iu ny tng t nh v c l l l do ti sao kinh Php Hoa bo

"Pht ni T hng Thanh Vn". S kin ny nn hiu l Pht xydng mt "hin tng T " nh "Ha Thnh" (4*) hng Thanh Vn,ch khng c ngha T l gio l bc thp. Thc ra Dit tc Nit bnl cnh gii tch dit, n ng ngha vi khi nim "Bn kia b" (Paramit)ca Bt nh.

E) Phn on nm

"Ngi Tnh Thc Bnh Yn do sng an lnh trong Tu gic V thng mthot ly tt c chng ngi. V rng, v khng c nhng chng ngi trong

tm nn khng c s hi v xa ri nhng cung si mng tng, cu cnh Nit bn". (By reason of non - attainment, the Bodhisattva dwelling inPrajnpramit has no obstacles in his mind. Because there is no obstacles inhis mind, he has no fear, and going far beyond all perverted views, allconfusions and imaginations, reaches the Ultimate Nirvna).

Phn on ny ni v sc mnh ca Tu gic V thng hay l Tr tu Btnh. on ny c trnh by rt r v c th, do , khng cn lp li. Chc mt iu v mt ngn ng; trong bn Hn, dch l "... Vin ly in omng tng, cu cnh Nit bn". cu ny khng c ng t "t n"(reaches) nh trong bn ting Anh. C l, v l do logic nn ngi dch thm ch "t n" vo. Tuy vy, ca kinh vn khng b sai lch. Thc ra,nu mt tm thc m khng cn in o, mng tng, th ngay , chnhl cu cnh Nit bn ri. y l iu ti minh nh cho ngha "V tr, dicv c".

F) Phn on su


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"Tt c ch Pht ba i u nng vo Tu gic V thng m thnh tuchnh gic". (All the Buddhas of the past, present and future, by relying onthe Prajnpramit, attain the Supreme Enlightenment).

on ny c xem nh l iu xc chng ca Pht v nng lc v scmnh v i ca Tu gic V thng qua truyn thng gic ng ca ch Pht qu kh, hin ti, v v lai.

G) Phn on by

"V th, nn bit rng Tu gic v thng l sc thn k v, l sc thn catr tu v i, l sc thn cao tuyt, l sc thn ti hu, v song, c th trdit tt c kh au. Sc thn thot sinh t Tu gic V thng ny l s tht,l chn l. Sc thn c nng lc ti thng c tuyn ni trong kinh

Tri Tim Tu Gic V Thng rng : "i qua, i qua; i qua b bn kia, i qua n b bn kia, reo vui!"

(Therefore, one should know that the Prajnparamit is the great incantation,the incantation of great wisdom, the unexcelled incantation, the equal of theunequalled incantation, that is capable of allaying all sufferings, true becausedevoid of falsehood. This is the incantation proclaimed in the Prajnparamit; the incantation which is proclaimed as follows: "O wisdom, gone, gone;gone to the other shore, landed at the other shore, Svha !") (5*)

Phn on ny xc nh thm mt ln na v sc mnh ca nng lc tr tu,c th dit tr kh au, siu thot cho chnh mnh v cho k khc. onkt ca kinh Tri Tim, ta thy r tr tu (wisdom) c cao nh mt chnl tuyt i (Absolute truth), v y qu thc l "tri tim" ca t tng trithc Pht gio, mt loi t tng trit hc bn kia b ca nh nguyn.

"Mt lng nh nhng git KhngBng dng thuyn sang sng ti b".

Nh vy, ni dung ca kinh Tri Tim di khng qu 300 ch, c m u

bng lun : "Khi tin su vo ngun mch ca tu gic v thng, NgiTnh Thc Bnh Yn soi sng nh tht rng t tnh ca nm hp th u lKhng, lin thot ly mi kh ch".V ni dung chnh ca n l trin khai lun : "Soi sng nh tht rng ttnh ca nm hp th u l Khng" qua s phn tch tin trnh ca 5 un(hp th) 12 x, 18 gii, 12 nhn duyn v 4 Thnh . y, cc un, x,gii, nhn duyn, v.v... thc cht u l nhng g sinh hu v hin hu ngay


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trong mi con ngi, hay ni c th hn, chng chnh l con ngi (vt l vtm l) ny.

Khi ni 5 un l khng, th 5 un phi c quan st qua ba phm tr : (1)Tng (Laksna) ca 5 un, (2) Sinh dit ca 5 un, v (3) Chn nh ca 5un.

c Pht, trong Prajnparamit - Stra (6*), dy Tn gi Tu B rng :"B Tt c th soi sng nm un khi thc hnh Bt nh Ba la mt su xa,nhng phi bit r: a) Tng ca nm un, b) Sinh dit ca nm un, v c)Chn nh ca nm un".

a) Tng ca nm un :

"V sc un (Rpa-skandha) th rt ro khng kin c v sc c v s k h,ng t, v nh bt ni, bng chm. Th un (Vedna-skandha) nh tn xa,gi lt, nh in chp, sinh dit trong tng khonh khc (st na). Tngun (Samjn-skandha) nh qung nng, chng thc c sui ngun, do khti khi ln, do ngn ng biu t. Hnh un (Samskrta-skandha) nh cychui lt b, mt dn n ct ty. V Thc un (Vijnna-skandha) nhhuyn mng, trong ph trn mi sinh hot ca i sng h cu gi to".

b) Sinh dit ca nm un :

"B Tt nh tht bit rng, sinh khng t u n, t chng i v u. Thtth chng c n, c i, nhng nng ta, hp xng vi nhn duyn nn nsinh dit khng ngng trong tng khonh khc".

c) Chn nh ca nm un :

"B Tt nh tht bit rng, nm un vn khng sinh, khng dit, khng n,khng i, khng tng, khng gim, khng h vng bin d, n thng nhchnh n nn gi l Chn nh".

c Pht dy tip : "Ny Tu B , u c hai tng l c s c. Khimt tip xc vi sc trn, khi thc tip xc vi php trn (i tng ca thc) l lc sinh khi hai tng. Nhng g nng vo hai tng u lh lun khng tht. La khi hai tng gi l bt nh (khng hai) hay cngi l "v s c", y l nn tng ca Bt nh".


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Kinh li ni : "B Tt sau khi chng c gic ng, Ngi lin ging cho htthy chng sinh v php V trc (Aparmnista), ngha l khng b rng

buc bi sc, th, tng, hnh, thc. Nu mt ngi khng b rng buctrong chng, ngi y s khng b h ly vo s sinh dit ca chng. Aikhng chp trc, ngi y khng nm trong rng buc (7*) hay gii thot"(8*)

"Bt nh Ba la mt qu thc kh tin, kh hiu. V sc (rpa) khng phi rngbuc cng khng phi gii thot. Ti sao ? V sc ly v tnh (asvabhava)lm t tnh. Cc un cn li cng nh vy, chng khng c t tnh, khngc ngn m, khng c m trc, m sau hay gia. V bn cht l khng ct tnh nn khng c rng buc, cng khng c gii thot"."Nu chp vo danh (nma) v tng (nimitta) l chp th, n vn l sn

phm ca phn bit (vikalpa)".(9*)

Nhng on trch dn trn, c th c xem l nhng ci nhn t Tu gicV thng ca Pht v s tht ca nm un. V y cng l nhng g cc kt trong kinh Tri Tim.

on kt, thay v tm lc ni dung chnh, kinh tuyn thuyt bng mt culinh ng:

"i qua, i qua;

i qua b bn kia; i qua n b bn kia, reo vui!"

Bn kia b l th gii thanh tnh, x ly v v nim. Th gii y khng thc xem l c hay khng. Th gii y ngoi tm hiu bit, suy lun cachng ta, th gii y ch c tri nhn bi nhng ai bn kia b.

Cng nn ghi nhn rng ngn ng v kt cu vn php ca kinh Tri Timc trnh by mt cch cht ch, trong sng v v cng c o. V gc

vn hc, kinh Tri Tim l mt trong nhng th loi vn hc c sc thucvn h i tha Pht gio.

Tm li, kinh Tri Tim c mt gi tr c bit v ngn ng v kt cu vnphp, cng nh v ni dung thng ip ca n. C l, y l l do ti saobn kinh vn cha y 300 ch ny c truyn tng hng ngy trong isng ca Pht t trn ton th gii. C iu rng, hc Tm Kinh th d


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nhng "hnh thm" Tm Kinh l iu v cng kh khn. Bi l, trc vincnh ca thc ti, thng ip ca Tm Kinh chnh l s thch thc ln laonht ca con ngi. V, trc khi n vi Tm Kinh, th mi c ca tng u hon ton sp . i din vi Tm Kinh, ch th hoc l b cunht vo th gii h v khng tn ni min c tch nghn nm, hoc l n ntrng by sc sng lun lu bt tuyt ca dng thc ti ang tri chy giacuc i vi c non, l vng, vi con chim, hn , cnh me,...

"Sng v xa du chn khngBng dng thuyn bn dng Chn nh".

VI. Thay Li Kt

Dch v ch gii bn Tm Kinh ny, vi tc gi l mt s liu lnh, nhng

y hng th. Tuy nhin, lm nh th, ngi vit ch c mong bn kinhTri Tim ny s c th tr c tng bi ngi Pht t Vit Nam nh chnhl "Tri Tim tr tu ca ngi Vit", v c ni ln bng ting Vit. ll do "li qu chp nht dng di" ca bn dch v ch gii ny.

Ch thch bn kinh Tri Tim

(1) Tr tu Bt nh (Prajnpramit)

(2) Dch t "Qun T Ti" theo cch chit t.

(3) Nm t hp hay nm un (skandhas).

(4) V t tnh hay bn tnh Khng (Sunyata).

(5) M ca Sariputra l ngi rt thng minh nn c hiu l Sari. Trung Hoadch ch Sariputra l X Li T, hay X Li Pht ngha l, a con dng XLi (Sari). Do , tc gi dch l : Ngi con dng Sari, li dch ny cs dng trong bn dch "Kinh Rut Tu Gic Siu Vit" ca Thi V, do HT.Tr Quang gii thiu, xut bn nm 1973, ti Paris.

(6) Th un

(7) Tng un : (cc nim l, cc n tng, tri gic)

(8) Hnh un : (cu trc ca tm l ni chung, m t duy l hnh thc caonht v c bn nht).


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(9) Thc un :

Bn un (hp th) ny thuc v tm l, sc un (hp th vt cht) thuc vvt l.

(10) Sc, th, tng, hnh, thc (5 un).

(11) Xc trong (sc, thanh, hng, v, xc, php).

(12) Hin hu c dng ng ngha vi php (dharma).

(13) V minh (Ignorance), ngun gc ca s kh au.

(14) T (Kh , Tp , Dit , o ).

(15) Tr gic dch t "V tr dic v c".

(16) Ba i : qu kh, hin ti, v lai.

(17) Thnh tu y c ngha l gii thot khi th gii nh nguyn,khng cn phn bit, i i nhn - php, hu - v,v.v...

(18) Cn c dch l linh ng hay thn ch (mantra).

(1*) Xem Bt Nh Ba La Mt a Tm Kinh Tn trong "s kinh" thuc i

Tng, T. 1780 & T. 1771. V tiu s ca Vin Trc, xem Tng Cao TngTruyn, quyn 4 T. 2061. 727b, tr.15 (xem tp san Trit hc & T tng - s2 tr 43, in ti USA).

(2*) Xem "Con ngi v cu trc ca 12 Nhn duyn" trong quyn "Vn c bn ca trit hc Pht gio" (The Fundamental Questions of BuddhistPhilosophy); Thch Tm Thin, BVHT, GHPGVN, TP.HCM, 1997.

(3*) Xem bi Tng thc cng tc phm trn.

(4*) "B Ha Thnh v Bo S", khi nim ca Php Hoa d cho nghaphng tin kin lp.

(5*) Bn dch ny da theo D.T Suzuki, Garma Chang, E. Conze, v MaxMuller.

(6*) Bn dch kinh Bt Nh Ba La Mt a ca ngi Huyn Trang


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(7*) H phc (tri buc) : nu c b tri buc mi mong cu gii thot. Tuynhin vi Bt Nh, tri buc v gii thot u l huyn mng.

(8*) i Bt Nh, phm Pht Mu.

(9*) i Bt Nh, phm "Tu tp ng Chnh Php".

Prajnparamit hrdaya Stra

(Ph Bn ting Anh)

1. The Bodhisattva Avalokitsvara, while engaged in the practice ofprofound Prajnpramit, perceived that the five aggregates are empty of"self-existence", thus he overcame all sufferings and troubles.

2. "O Sriputra, Form is not different from Emptiness, and Emptiness is notdifferent from Form; Form is Emptiness and Emptiness is Form. The samecan be said of feelings, conceptions, actions and consciousnesses.

3. O Sriputra, the characteristics of the Emptiness of all dharmas are that itis not arising, not ceasing, not defiled, not immaculate, not increasing, notdecreasing.

4. For these reasons, in Emptiness there are no form, no feelings, noconceptions, no actions, no consciousnesses: no eye, ear, tongue, body, ormind; no form, sound, odour, taste, touch or mind-object; no eye elementsuntil we come to no elements of consciousnesses; no ignorance and noextinction of ignorance; no old age-and-death, and no extinction of old age-and-death; no truth of sufferings, no truth of the causes of sufferings, of thecessation of sufferings or of the path. There is no knowledge and noattainment whatsoever.

5. By reason of non-attainment, the Bodhisattva dwelling in Prajnpramithas no obstacles in his mind. Because there is no obstacles in his mind, he

has no fear, and going far beyond all perverted views, all confusions andimaginations, reaches the ultimate Nirvna.

6. All the Buddhas of the past, present and future, by relying on thePrajnpramit, attain the Supreme Enlightenment.


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7. Therefore, one should know that the Prajnpramit is the greatincantation, the incantation of great wisdom, the unexcelled incantation, theequal of the unequalled incantation, that is capable of allaying all sufferings,true because devoid of falsehood. This is the incantation proclaimed in thePrajnpramit; the incantation which is proclaimed as follows: "Gate, gate;

pragate, parasamgate, Bodhi, svh !"

(Bn dch ny da theo D.T. Suzuki, Garma Chang v E. Conze)

Prajnparamit hrdaya Stra

(Ph bn ting Php)

1. Quand le Bodhisattva Avalokitsvara se fut engag dans la pratique de laprofonde Prajnpramit, il per u : il y a les cinq skandhas; et il les vit dans leur propre nature tre vides.

2. "O Shriputra, ici la forme est vide, le vide est forme, la forme nest rienautre que vide ; le vide nest rien autre que forme; ce qui est forme, cela estvide : ce qui est vide, cela est forme. On peut dire la mme chose de lasensation, de la pense, de la formation et de la conscience.

3. "O Shriputra, toutes choses ici-bas ont pour caractre le vide : elles nesont point nes, elles ne sont point ananties, elles ne sont point souilles,

elles ne sont point immacules, elles ne croissent point, elles ne decroissentpoint.

4. Par consquent, o Shriputra, dans le vide, il nest point de forme, pointde sensation, point de pense, point de formation, point de conscience, pointdoeil, doreilles, de nez, de langue, de corps, desprit; point de forme, deson, dodeur, de gout, de contact, dobjets, point de dhtu de la vision,

jusqu ce que nous parvenions au non-dhtu de la conscience; il nest pointde connaissance, point dignorance, point dextinction de connaissance,

point dextinction dignorance jusqu ce que nous parvenions l o il nest

point de vieillesse et point de mort; l o il nest point dextinction de lavieillesse et de la mort; il nest point de souffrance, daccumulation,danantissement, de sentier; il nest point de connaissance, pointdacquisition, point de realisation, puisquil nest point dacquisition.

5. Dans l,esprit du Bodhisattva qui demeure appuy sur la Prajnpramit, ilnest point dobstacles et puisquil nest point dobstacles dans son esprit, il


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na point de crainte, et allant au de l des vues fausses, il atteint le Nirvnafinal.

6. Tous les Bouddhas du pass, du present et de lavenir qui, se reposant surla Prajnpramit, parviennent la plus haute et parfaite illumination.

7. Par consequent, on devrait savoir que la Prajnpramit est le grandmantra, le mantra de la profonde sagesse, le plus haut mantra, le mantra sans

pareille, qui peut apaiser toute douleur; cela est la verit parce que cela nestpoint mensonge; cela est le mantra proclam dans la Prajnpramit. Cest :"Gate, gate; paragate, parasamgate; Bodhi, svah". (O Bodhi, parti, parti;

parti vers lautre rive; debarqu sur lautre rive, svah !)

(Bn dch ca Suzuki-Herbert)

Phn II

NGHI THC TH TR TM KINH

1- Li tn Pht v cng dng Tam Bo :

Con nay thp nn hng lngDng Ba Ngi Bo v cng thit tha

Chp tay knh ly Pht T li trn th tm hoa cng dng.

Nam m th gii mi phng, thng tr vnh cu, v lngch Pht.

Nam m th gii mi phng, thng tr vnh cu, v lngngha Php.

Nam m th gii mi phng, thng tr vnh cu, v lngthnh hin.

2- nh l cng dng :

- Tr v knh ly Pht, Php v Tng, lit v T s, truyn ngtc dim, gia nh tm linh, qua nhiu th h. (1 ly)

- Tr v knh ly, lit v tin nhn, dng h t tin, gia nhhuyt thng, hai bn ni ngoi. (1 ly)


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- Tr v knh ly, lit v tin nhn, khai sng t ny, sng nikh thing, hng ngy che ch. (1 ly)

- Tr v knh ly, gia nh huyt thng, gia nh tm linh, giah tr, cho ngi con thng. (1 ly)

- Tr v knh ly, gia nh huyt thng, gia nh tm linh, giah tr, ngi lm kh con. (1 ly)

3- Li khai kinh

Knh ly Th Tn, ng Tu gic bnh ng v i !Nh mt tri rc sng phng ng

Chnh Php ca Ngi nhim mu v thngCon xin nng ta i vo hin qun

Sng trong sinh thc ca tu gic ngn xa

Nam m Bn S Thch Ca Mu Ni Pht (3 ln)

4- Kinh Tri Tim Tu Gic V Thng

1- Khi tin su vo ngun mch ca Tu gic V thng (1), Ngi TnhThc Bnh Yn (2) soi sng nh tht rng t tnh ca nm hp th (3) u lKhng (4), lin thot ly mi kh ch.

2- Ny ngi con dng Sari (5), hnh th chng khc chn khng, chnkhng chng khc hnh th; hnh th l chn khng, chn khng l hnh th.Cm xc (6), nim l (7), t duy (8) v thc (9) u l nh vy.

3- Ny ngi con dng Sari, tt c hin hu c biu th l khng, nkhng sanh, Khng dit, khng nh, khng sch, khng tng, khng gim.

4- V th, ny ngi con dng Sari, trong Khng khng c hnh th, khngc cm xc, khng c nim l, khng c t duy, khng c thc (10) ;

khng c mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ; khng c hnh th, m thanh, hngthm, mi v, xc chm (11) v hin hu (12). Khng c i tng ca mt,cho n khng c i tng ca thc ; khng c minh, khng c v minh(13), khng c s chm dt ca minh, cng khng c s chm dt ca vminh ; cho n, khng c tui gi v s cht, cng khng c s chm dtca tui gi v s cht ; khng c kh au, khng c nguyn nhn ca khau, khng c s chm dt kh au, v khng c con ng a n s


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chm dt kh au (14) ; khng c tr gic (15) cng khng c s thnh tutr gic, v chng c qu v ca tr gic no thnh tu.

5- Ngi Tnh Thc Bnh Yn, do sng an lnh trong Tu gic V thngm thot ly tt c chng ngi. V rng, v khng c nhng chng ngitrong tm nn khng c s hi v xa ri nhng cung si mng tng, cucnh Nit bn.

6- Tt c ch Pht trong ba i (16) u nng vo Tu gic V thng mthnh tu (17) chnh gic.

7- V th, nn bit rng Tu gic V thng l sc thn (18) k v, l scthn ca tr tu v i, l sc thn cao tuyt, l sc thn ti hu, v song, cth tr dit tt c kh au. Sc thn thot sinh t Tu gic V thng ny l

s tht, l chn l. Sc thn c nng lc ti thng c tuyn ni trongkinh Tri Tim Tu Gic V Thng rng :

"i qua, i qua,i qua b bn kia,

i qua n b bn kia, reo vui !"

5- Li nguynBng hong v ci v bin

Lng nghe ting gi ni min qu xaTh thm cho cuc ong a

Li Tm kinh, v mng xa, Nit bn.

Nam m Quan Th m B tt. (1 ln)

Nguyn rng :Hm nay chng congia lng php gii

th tr Tm KinhCu cho : ....... (c li nguyn ty cu an, cu siu...)

Cui xin ng i T BiD nh quang minh chiu gim.


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6- Hi Hng

Cc tri A tu laV Dc xoa vn vn

Ai n nghe Pht phpTt c hy ht lngH tr Pht php y

Lm cho thng cn miBng cch thng tinh tn

Thc hnh li Pht dyNhng ngi c c tinn y nghe Pht php

Hoc trn mt tHoc trong khng gian

Vi th gii loi ngiHy thng hnh t tmBn thn th ngy m

Sng ng vi Pht phpNguyn cu mi th giiLun lun thng an nBng cch phc v tru em lm li ngi

bao nhiu vng nghipu c tiu tan c

Siu thot mi kh aui v i Nit bn

Hy xoa khp c thBng hng thm gi gii

Li mc cho c thBng y phc thin nhRi trang im tt c

Bng hng thm tu gicTh bt c u

Cng thng c an lc

Nam m cc v H php, cc v B Tt ma ha tt (3 ln)

Nguyn em cng c nyHng v khp mun loiCu cho mun chng sinh


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Chng vin thnh Pht o(ly 3 ly)

(Nu c thi gian, v ch l nn ging thm mt vi on kinh Tri Timkhong 15 pht, hoc trang nghim c bi ging trang sau trc khi c

bi hi hng).

Bi ging

THNG IP KINH TRI TIM

Tha cc Pht t thn mn.

Hm nay, ti s trnh by i v kinh Tri Tim (Tm kinh), mt bn kinhrt ngn m cc Pht t tr tng mi ngy. Hu ht chng ta u thuc lng

bn Tm kinh ngay khi cn theo m ln cha l Pht. Khng ring g VitNam, m cc nc Pht gio trong vng Vin ng, chu , v ngy nay thc cc nc u-M u rt quan tm n bn kinh vn ny (Heart Stra).Tuy nhin, i vi chng ta, rt t ngi hiu c Tm kinh, v phn ngcho rng l bn kinh "b khuyt". Tht ra Tm kinh chnh l "Cu cnh

Nit bn" - mc tiu ti hu ca lch trnh tm linh ch khng phi l "bkhuyt", nh mt s quan nim. Do , Php thoi hm nay s c trnh

by i cng v thng ip ca Tm kinh.

I/ Thng ip ca Tm kinhTrc ht, ni v hai ch : Tm kinh (Heart Stra). Tm kinh l ta gitt ca bn kinh m ngi Trung Hoa dch t ting Phn (Sanskrit) l :Prajnpramit-Hrdaya Sutra; Hoa dch trn vn l Bt Nh Ba La Mt aTm Kinh. Chng ta c th hiu i khi nh sau : Bt nh l tr tu (Prajn),Ba la mt l bn kia b (Pramit), Tm l phn tinh yu nht ca conngi, hay cn gi l "tri tim" (Hrdaya) - hiu theo ngha en ln ngha

bng, v Kinh l nhng iu do c Pht dy (Stra). Nh vy c th niTm kinh l "bn kinh ni v tinh hoa Tr tu ca ng Gic ng bn kia

b sinh t", hay l "Kinh tri tim tu gic v thng". y l thng ip caTm kinh.

II/ Ni dung thng ip ca Tm kinh

T thng ip ny, ni dung chnh ca kinh c trnh by c th qua culun m u kinh nh sau : "Qun T Ti B Tt hnh thm Bt nh Ba


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la mt a, thi chiu kin ng un giai khng, nht thit kh ch". Nghal :

"Khi tin su vo ngun mch ca Tu gic V thng, Ngi Tnh Thc -Bnh Yn (B Tt Qun T Ti) soi sng nh thc rng t tnh ca nm hpth u l Khng, lin thot ly mi kh ch".

y, chng ta s tm hiu v ni dung thng ip ca Tm kinh qua mt sim c bn nh sau :

1- Nm un :

M u, ch th quan st y l B Tt Qun T Ti - ngi ang i vohin qun (thin nh) mt cch su xa (hnh thm). i tng c quanst trong hin qun l nm hp th (un). Kt qu ca s qun st trong hinqun l Khng (giai khng) v gii thot ( nht thit kh ch).

y l ni dung chnh trong thng ip ca Tm kinh. C th ni rng khng nhng l "Tri tim" ca Tm kinh m cn l "Tri tim" ca ton bcc h thng gio l ca c Pht. Ni khc hn, l im then cht trongton b c cu t tng trit hc Pht gio.

c Pht dy rng : "Con ngi l mt hp th ca nm un". Nm un lcon ngi v nm un cng l th gii. V, "nu khng bit r v nm un

th khng th gii thot sinh t kh au" (Kinh Samyuttanikya).Cng nhcon ngi nu khng bit r v trng thi tm l v c th ca mnh th skhng iu ha bnh tt c v khng c s an lnh. Do , bit r (liutri) v nm un v thng xuyn qun st, thin nh v nm un l conng tu tp duy nht kh d a chng ta i vo thc ti gii thot - cucnh Nit bn. chnh l con ng m c Pht i qua v c Ngidy r trong kinh T Nim X Qun (The Four Foundations ofMindfulness).

By gi xin trnh by tm lc v nm un (hp th). Nm un l nm hp

th (Skandhas) hnh thnh nn con ngi ; bao gm :

a) Sc un : l nhng cu trc thuc v vt cht hay vt l, mt trong nhngyu t hnh thnh nn con ngi v th gii s vt hin tng. i vi conngi, sc un chnh l thn th (t i) bng xng bng tht ny. Cc yut nh : tc, lng, mng, rng, da, tht, gn, xng, ct, ty, tim, gan, phi,thn, bao t, honh cch m v.v... cho n cc tp cht nui dng c th...


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hay cc ngun nng lng tim n (v biu sc) trong c th... u c gil sc un.

b) Th un : l cm th hay cm gic ca con ngi bao gm ba loi : cmth kh au, cm th an lc, v cm th khng kh khng lc.

c) Tng un : l cc t tng, n tng ca tri gic.

d) Hnh un : l s to tc ca tm thc nh : t duy, kht vng, chp thv.v...

e) Thc un : l s tri gic, nhn thc, hay l chc nng hot ng ca thc. T d nh khi chng ta nhn, ngha l con mt nhn, nhng s thy bitl do thc nng ca mt (nhn thc) ch khng phi l do con mt. Nu conmt t thy m khng cn n thc ca n th khi mc con mt ra ngoi, tac thy hay khng?

Tng t nh vy i vi cc un cn li. Nh th y, thc hay tmthc l nguyn ng lc chi phi ton b nm un. y l l do c Phtdy " (tm) dn u cc php, lm ch to tc, i vi nhim , ninng hay hnh ng, kh no bc theo sau, nh bnh xe i theo chn convt ko... i vi (tm) thanh tnh, an lc bc theo sau, nh bng khngri hnh" (Php C). Do "hnh thm Bt nh" chnh l s n lc vn dngtm thc ca mnh thin nh (hin qun) ngay tm thc v thn th ny.

y l ngha ca qun tm trn tm v thn trn thn (trong T nim xqun).

2- Nm un l Khng

Trn y, va trnh by v thnh phn ca nm un. By gi, chng ta s tmhiu v ngha ca "nm un l Khng".

Trc ht, v Sc un - tc thn th con ngi (ni sc) v cc i tngtng duyn ca n (ngoi sc) u l Khng.

V sao ni Sc un l Khng ?

y, cc anh ch em th ly con ngi lm i tng qun st. Chng tas thy rng, nu nhn t tng th ph qut (universal), th con ngi baogm hai th cht: vt l (thuc v sc) v tm l (thuc v th, tng, hnhv thc). Nh th, mt con ngi bao gi cng phi y hai thnh t c


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bn, vt l (th xc) v tm l (tinh thn) - tc con ngi l mt hp th tngha ca nm un. V con ngi (nm un) ch tn ti theo mt chu k (cth l trm nm) v c gii hn bi hai u sinh v t; v c sinh nn ct. Do cho thy rng con ngi vn khng c mt ng th (self) trngtn bt dit - nn gi "nm un l Khng".

Ngc li, nu nhn con ngi qua gc ca mi n v c th(particular), th ci m gi l con ngi s khng cn na. Bi l, t th chtnguyn thy, mi thai nhi do tinh ca cha, huyt ca m v Kit sanh thc(Gandhabha) hay nim ti s - tc tp kh nghip thc ca con ngi tnhiu kip sng trong qu kh - hnh thnh. V bn th ca nhng kh chtu tin cng ch l ca tng duyn, n khng h c mt ng tnh. Hnth na, di lng knh ca n v c th (particular), ci chn khng thgi l con ngi, ci tay khng th gi l con ngi, ci thc cng khng

th gi l con ngi. M con ngi ch c th hin hu khi n tng ha y gia cc yu t ca tm l v vt l. V li, bn thn ca c th vt lnh : tay, chn, c bp v.v... cho n thc n lun lun thay i sinh dittrong tng khonh khc, nh s sinh dit ca mi t bo nh nhim trn lnda tay hay trong tng dng mu. iu cho thy rng nm un hon tonkhng c t tnh hay ng tnh no. Nm un l tin trnh hin hu (processof becoming) ch khng phi l thc th (entity) hin hu. Do chngc gi l Khng.

Tng t nh vy i vi cm xc, nim l, t duy v thc ca mi con

ngi.

3- Tin trnh hin hu ca nm un

Nh chng ta thy, thc cht nm un l chn khng. Nhng ti sao li xuthin khi nim t tnh ri phi ph nhn ci t tnh ?

Nu i vo hin qun, cc Pht t s thy rng thc v t ng tht ra n chl mt qu trnh tch t ca nhng n tng (tng) v kinh nghim (nghip)ca tri gic (thc) t qu kh v tn. Dng qu kh , tt nhin, l mngtng ho huyn, v trong sinh thc ca thc ti n khng h c v khnghin hu; n ch l ci bng m ca thc ti, vy thi. Tuy nhin, chng tann bit ci thc t ng t u sinh ?

Tm kinh ni rng, thc t ng sai lm c sinh ra t mi tngduyn, tng tc ca 18 sinh c (Dhtus) - thut ng Pht hc l cc x(yatanas) v gii (Dhtus) - trn nm un (Skandhas). Chng bao gm : 6


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cn (mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ), 6 trn (sc, thanh, hng, v, xc, vphp) ; s giao tip gia 6 cn v 6 trn s hnh thnh 6 thc (lnh vc trigic ca mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ). Cng chung 6 cn, 6 trn, v 6 thcnn gi l 18 gii (sinh c). T d, con mt l nhn cn, khi n nhn vo mtcnh hoa l trn, ri thng qua s giao tip gia con mt v i tng ca nl cnh hoa (tc l ca cn v trn) s sinh ra mt s tri gic v hoa, tc lthy v thy nh th no v.v... th gi l thc. Nh th, "con mt nhn vthy mt cnh hoa" l qu trnh tng tc ca cc un (Skandhas), X(Ayatanas), v Gii (Dhtus).

V na, nm un l hin thn vng trn sinh ha ca 12 nhn duyn ctrnh by nh sau :

1. V minh (Ignorance) : s m mui v cung si ca tm thc.

2. Hnh (Karma - formations) : Cc cu trc trong hot ng ca tm l.

3. Thc (Consciousness) : Tri gic - hin hu (v thc khng th c trongqu kh hoc tng lai).

4. Danh sc (Corporeality and mentality) : danh thuc v tm l, sc thucv vt l.

5. Lc nhp (Six bases) : 6 quan nng (mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ) tip xc

vi 6 trn (sc, thanh, hng, v, xc v php).6. Xc (Impression) : s giao thoa gia cn, trn, v thc.

7. Th (Feeling) : s cm th.

8. i (Craving) : s yu thch, kht vng...

9. Th (Clinging) :s c chp, bm vu...

10. Hu (Process of becoming) : tin trnh hin hu.11. Sinh (Birth) : s sinh ra, hnh thnh...

12. Lo - t (Old age - and - death) : s gi nua v t bit.

12 nhn duyn, nu phn tch theo thi gian vt l, l mt tin trnh lun lutheo chiu dc; nu phn tch theo thi gian tm l, l tin trnh ca mt


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vng trn sinh ha. Do , trong mt st na (khonh khc gia hai nim),tm thc ca con ngi u c y 12 nhn duyn. S lu chuyn ca 12nhn duyn c din ra theo hai th cch ca Bn chn l (kh, tp, dit,o), l con ng lu chuyn v hon dit.

Trn con ng lu chuyn, 12 nhn duyn s i t nhn (tp) n qu(kh). Trn con ng hon dit, 12 nhn duyn s i t nhn (o) nthot ly nhn qu (dit), tc n b bn kia, cu cnh Nit bn.

T y, ta thy rng ci ngun ca t ng l khng tht c. Chng l hinhu ca tng duyn nn chng l v thng, v ng. V th kinh ni rng"ng un giai khng".

4- Tnh Khng ca Tm kinh

trn chng ta va kho st v bn cht ca con ngi qua cc un, x,gii, 12 nhn duyn v 4 chn l. hiu r v gio l ny, mi Pht t cn

phi dng li mi vng tng i vo trm t, hin qun. Nu ch c qua,e rng chng ta khng th hiu r c; v nhng g c ni ra ch l khinim, nhng gia s tht v khi nim l mt khong cch; do , cn c skim chng ca t thn mi con ngi, l phi t mnh "chiu kin ngun giai khng".

By gi, xin trnh by v ngha ca ch "Khng" (Sunyata) trong Tm

kinh.

Trc ht, "Khng" y khng c ngha l i lp vi c, m "Khng" lthc tnh Duyn sinh ca hin hu (dharmas). Do , Khng chnh l "Bntnh khng" hay "Tt cnh khng", n bn kia b ca khi nim lun l.Chng ta ch c th i vo Tnh Khng khi no thot ly mi khi nimlun l ca t duy hu ng. Ngha l i ra khi mi i lp ca cc phm trhu-v, sinh-dit, thng-on, kh-lai v.v.. ; thot ly ngoi th gii nhnguyn phn bit (dualism) gia ch th v khch th. l l do ti saoTm kinh ph nhn tt c un, x, gii, ph nhn lun c 4 chn l v 12

nhn duyn ; cho n c tr gic v s chng c ca tr gic u b phnhn. iu ny n gin ch v cc un, x, gii, 12 nhn duyn v 4 chnl... u l khi nim ca cc hin tng tm l v vt l, n ch c nghai vi ngi cn v minh. Vi nhng tm thc cha gic ng th th giiny v con ngi ny l c sinh, c dit, c nhn-qu, c phm-thnh v.v...V th, nu dng Tu gic V thng soi sng v tr vn hu ny th bncht ca n l chn khng, cho n ci nim v chn khng cng khng


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c, nn gi l "Tt cnh khng". Do , khng th ni l c qu v no chng c; v nu cn c qu v chng c ngha l cn i lp vi cikhng qu v c chng c. S c v khng ny ri vo nh nguyn lun.Cho nn, mi khi nim v c v khng u mang tnh cht cng c vc ni cho thc ca ngi cha gic ng, ch khng phi ni cho bcthnh tr t chng. Cng vy, Tnh Khng y vt ngoi tng i tnh;n ng ngha vi Dit , Nit bn Ti thng. Chng ta khng th hiu

bit ton din (ton tri) v Tnh Khng, tr phi qua n b bn kia.

5- Bin chng Sc- Khng

Chng ta va tm hiu v ngha ca ch Khng trong Tm kinh, gi y ivo kho st tnh bin chng Sc-Khng.

Kinh bo rng : "Sc chng khc Khng, Khng chng khc Sc, Sc tcKhng, Khng tc l Sc..." y l mt trong nhng vn rt kh hiu caTm kinh ni ring v t tng Pht gio ni chung. V rng, theo nguyntc logic ca t duy nh c trnh by bi Aristotle th t duy ca conngi d phc tp nh th no i chng na cng phi din ra trong ba quilut nh sau :

a) Qui lut ng nht : Qui lut ny bo rng, mt vt th khi c gi lA, th n phi lun lun l A.

- Cng thc : A = A

b) Qui lut cm mu thun : Qui lut ny bo rng, mt vt th hoc cgi l A, hoc l B, ch khng th va l A li va B.

- Cng thc : A = A hoc B = B

c) Qui lut trit tam : Qui lut ny bo rng, mt vt th ch c gi hocl A, hoc l B ch khng c trng hp th ba xy ra.

- Cng thc :

A ? B

Trong khi , theo nguyn l Duyn sinh (Paticcasamupda), th tt c thgii s vt hin tng ny l V thng (impermanent), chng lun lunthay i v khng ngng tri chy nh chnh li pht biu ni ting ca


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Hraclite rng : "Khng ai c th t chn hai ln trn cng mt dng nc".Nh th, hin hu l V thng, ngha l A khc A. y l c s chngta i vo bin chng Sc-Khng.

Trc ht, Tm kinh ni : "Sc chng khc Khng, khng chng khc Sc". y, trn mt hin tng, Tm kinh tha nhn hai bn sc c bit khcnhau l Sc v Khng. Nhng mnh pht biu ca Tm kinh l : "Scchng khc Khng, Khng chng khc Sc". Nh th l Khng v Sc lhin tng khc nhau; nhng gia chng c s ging nhau, khng khc. Tuynhin trn mt bn cht th, Tm kinh bo : "Sc tc l Khng, Khng tc lSc"; ngha l Khng v Sc c cng mt t th (bn cht). Do , ta c thkt lun rng, Sc chng khc Khng mt t th v Khng chng khc Sc mt hin tng. V nh th, Sc l Khng, Khng l Sc.

Ht

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