kl/R5]b ! kl/ro !=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; Pratibedan 070-71... · 2019-12-24 · 1 kl/R5]b ! kl/ro !=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+o'Qm :jfldTj tyf nf]stflGqs ¿kdf cfkm\gf ;femf

$Page 1: kl/R5]b ! kl/ro !=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; Pratibedan 070-71... · 2019-12-24 · 1 kl/R5]b ! kl/ro !=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+o'Qm :jfldTj tyf nf]stflGqs ¿kdf cfkm\gf ;femf$
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kl/R5]b ! kl/ro

!=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+o'Qm :jfldTj tyf nf]stflGqs ¿kdf cfkm\gf

;femf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts cfjZostf Pj+ cfsf+Iff kl/k"lt{ ug{ :j]lR5s ¿kdf Psh'6 x'g] JolQmx¿sf] :jfoQ ;+u7g xf] . ;xsfl/tfdf cfTdlge{/tf, :j–pQ/bfloTj, nf]stGq, ;dfgtf, ;fdflhs Gofo / P]]Soa4tf h:tf d"No dfGotfx¿nfO{ cfwf/e"t ¿kdf c+uLsf/ ul/Psf] x'G5 . o:t} ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿n] Odfgbfl/tf, v'nfkg, ;fdflhs bfloTj, c¿ k|ltsf] ;+j]bgzLntf Pjd\ ;sf/fTds rf;f] /fVg] h:tf g}lts d"Nox¿df ljZjf; /fvL ;f]xL cg';f/sf] cfrf/0f cfTd;fy u/]sf x'G5g\ . ;xsf/Lsf] d"NodfGotfnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ lgDgadf]lhdsf ;ftj6f dfu{bz{s l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 M

• :j]lR5s tyf v'Nnf ;b:otf, • ;b:ox¿4f/f k|hftflGqs lgoGq0f, • ;b:ox¿sf] cfly{s ;xeflutf, • :jfoQtf Pj+ cfTdlge{/tf, • lzIff, tflnd / ;"rgf, • ;xsf/L–;xsf/LaLr ;xsfo{, • ;d'bfo k|lt rf;f] .

pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf ;ft l;4fGtx? dWo] ha Pp6fnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/G5 ;a} ck"0f{ x'G5g\ . ;xsfl/tfnfO{ s'g} Pp6f dfq l;4fGtsf cfwf/df lgSof]{n ug{ ;lsFb}g . ;xsfl/tfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfdf x]l/g' kb{5 . ;xsfl/tfn] :jfjnDag / ;IfdtfnfO{ a9fjf lbFb} cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 . ljZjsf sltko /fi6«x¿sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs pTyfgdf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] kfOG5 . ;xsfl/tfnfO{ /fi6«sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs

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nIo;Fu cfa4 u/L pNn]Vo pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;Ifd ePsf d'n'sx¿ Kf|z:t /x]sf 5g\ . lglb{i6 ;femf p2]Zox¿ xfl;n ug{sf nflu JolQmx¿ ldn]/ ;xsf/Lsf] ;+/rgfnfO{ kl/rflnt ug'{ g} ;xsfl/tfsf] d"n dfGotf xf] . ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng o'/f]kdf 8]9 ;o jif{cl3 ;'? ePsf] xf] eg] blIf0f Pl;ofdf Ps ;o jif{ cl3 / g]kfndf krf; jif{ cl3 yfngL ePsf] kfOG5 . 5l/Psf] k'FhL, ;Lk / >dnfO{ Pslqt u/L ;fd"lxs pknlAw xfl;n ug{df ;xsfl/tfn] 7f]; of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]5 . æ;a}sf nflu Ps / Pssf nflu ;a}Æ eGg] gf/f g} ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] d"n dGq xf] .

g]kfndf lj=;=@)!) ;fndf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :Yffkgfkl5 ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; cf/De ePsf] xf] . @)!# ;fn r}q @) ut] klxnf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf lrtjg lhNnfdf avfg ax'p4]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf btf{ ePsf] lyof] . lj=;=@)!^ ;fndf klxnf] k6s P]gsf] lgdf{0f eP b]lv ;xsf/LtfnfO{ a}wflgstf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu @)$* ;fn cl3 klg k|of;x¿ ul/Psf] lyof] tyflk ;xsf/L l;4fGt cg's"n k|hftflGqs jftfj/0fsf] cefjdf ;xsf/Lsf pBd Aoj;fosf] k|j4{g x'g] cj:yf eg] lyPg . tTsfnLg k~rfotL zf;g sfndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf /fHo :jo+sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;femf ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf ul/of] . t/ k|ToIf hg;xeflutfsf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] oL k|of;x? lbuf] x'g ;s]gg\ .

@)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g kZrft\ ;xsfl/tfsf] l;4fGt, d"No / dfGotfx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* nfu" ul/of] h;af6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+VofTds j[l4df 7"nf] ;3fp k'Ug uPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #% -@_ df æ;/sf/, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5Æ eGg] k|fjwfg pNn]v ul/Paf6 g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ;+ljwfgdf g} ;xsfl/tfnfO{ dfGotf lbP/ ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{ :ki6 lbzflgb]{z ug]{tkm{ kxn ePsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} xfn g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;~hfn b]zJofkL ¿kdf lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . xfn d'n'sdf #! xhf/ eGbf a9L k|f/lDes ;xsf/L

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;+:yfx¿, !* j6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;+3x¿, ! j6f /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s, ! j6f /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3, ^( j6f lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 / @$! j6f ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3x¿ lqmofzLn /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;+3;+:yfx¿df sl/a $% nfv ;b:ox¿ cfa4 /x]sf 5g\ . s'n ;b:ox¿dWo] dlxnf ;xeflutf $$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf dlxnfx¿åf/f dfq ;~rflnt #^)) eGbf a9L ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ lqmofzLn 5g\ . lhNnfut ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f cg';rL–! df lbOPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]qaf6 jflif{s sl/a ?= # va{sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . s'n ljQLo sf/f]af/df ;xsf/Lsf] lx:;f !* k|ltzt eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] s'n z]o/ k'FhL ?= #( ca{, ;+slnt art lgIf]k /sd ?= !^# ca{ / nufgL ?= !%* ca{ /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]qn] d'n'ssf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf # k|ltzt of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] cg'dfg 5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿df %# xhf/eGbf a9L g]kfnL gful/sn] k|ToIf /f]huf/L k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, blnt, dw];L, d'l:ndnufot lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf ;d'bfosf] ;xsf/Ldf kx'Fr a9\g uPsf]n] hg;xeflutfdf ;d]t pNn]vgLo j[l4 ePsf] 5 . /fHo / lghL :t/sf] kxF'r gk'u]sf If]q tyf ;d'bfodf ;d]t ;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6 pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] btf{ vf/]hL, cg'udg, d'Nof+sg / k|lzIf0fsf nflu #* lhNnfdf ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf lgsfox¿ :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;+of]hgsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ u/L ljz]if P]g cGtu{t lj=;+= @)$( df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf ljQLo ;3fp k'¥ofpg @)^) ;fndf /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+ssf] :yfkgf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L ;xsf/L P]gdf pNn]lvt k|fjwfg adf]lhd lhNnf, s]Gb|Lo tyf /fli6«o:t/sf ;xsf/L ;+3x¿ /xg] Joj:yfn] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpgdf ;3fp k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

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pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf ;sf/fTds kIfx¿sf] afah'b g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L If]qn] ck]Iffs[t k|ult xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf] egfOnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0fx¿df ;xsf/L If]qn] d'n'ssf] cfly{s l:yltdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg ug{ g;Sg' / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿df cfa4 clwsf+z dflg;x¿sf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g g;Sg'nfO{ lng ;lsG5 .

!=@ r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿

g]kfndf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf] ljut kfFr bzseGbf a9L cjlwdf eP u/]sf k|of;x¿sf] afah'b ;xsf/L If]qsf] ck]lIft ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljleGg r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿ ljBdfg /x]af6 ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;df cj/f]wx¿ b]vf kl//x]sf 5g\ . cfjlws of]hgfx¿ / ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ljleGg k|sfzg tyf k|ltj]bgx¿sf] cWoog ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;tkm{ xfn ljBdfg k|d'v ljleGg r'gf}tL tyf ;d:ofx¿ lgDgadf]lhd b]lvPsf 5g\ M • bL3{sflng ;f]r ;lxtsf] bL3{sfnLg ;xsf/L of]hgf th'{df x'g

;s]sf] 5}g, • ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg tyf cg'udgsf nflu cfrf/;+lxtfdf

kl/dfh{g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, • ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;+/rgfTds / ;Ë7gfTds Joj:yf ckof{Kt Pj+

ck|efjsf/L /x]sf] 5, • cf}krfl/s ;xsf/L lzIff, tflnd tyf Jojl:yt ;xsf/L Pj+

;rgf k|0ffnL / ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0fsf] sdL /x]sf] 5, • ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿df Jofj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf;, Jofj;flos

Ifdtf Pj+ k'FhLsf] cefj /xg'sf ;fy} ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿aLr cfk;L ;xof]usf] sdL /x]sf] 5,

• art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodg tyf lg/LIf0fsf nflu ;d'lrt ;+:yfut Joj:yf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g,

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• ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿df ;xsf/Lsf] dNo, dfGotf tyf l;4fGtsf] kfngf x'g g;s]sf] cg'ej ul/Psf] 5,

• ;xsf/L;DaGwL lzIff, ;rgf / tflndsf] ckof{Kttfn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] Joj:yfksLo 1fg / bIftf ;'b[9 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g,

• ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df ;3fp k'Ug] u/L ;xsf/L ljefu / dftxtdf sfof{nox¿sf] sfo{Ifdtfdf ck]lIft ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

!=# ljBdfg cj;/x¿ ljBdfg l:yltdf ;xsf/L If]qn] ljleGg afwf cj/f]wx¿sf]

;fdgf ug'{k/] tfklg o; If]qdf ljleGg cj;/x¿ ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L If]qdf ljBdfg cj;/x¿af/] cfjlws of]hgf tyf cGo ;Da4 b:tfj]hx¿nfO{ cWoog ubf{ lgDgadf]lhdsf cj;/x¿ ljBdfg /x]sf] kfOG5 M

• cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] nf]ssNof0fsf/L cfly{s ljsf;sf] gLlt cjnDag ug]{ qmddf ;xsf/L If]qsf] eldsfnfO{ dxTj lbPsf] 5,

• /fHoåf/f ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ /fli6««««o ljsf;sf tLg :tDedWo] Ps ;an :tDesf] ¿kdf x]l/Psf] 5,

• ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;Ë7g ;~hfn xfn #* lhNnfdf /x]sf] 5, • ;xsf/L ;+3x¿sf] lhNnfb]lv /fli6«o:t/;Ddsf] ;~hfn ljsf;

eO;s]sf] 5, • ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;+of]hgsf/L eldsf lgjf{x

ug]{ u/L ljz]if P]g cGtu{t /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{ u7g ul/Psf] 5,

• ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ;xof]u ;xhtf Pj+ ;/ntfsf ;fy pknAw u/fpg /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; a}+s ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5,

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• ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf;sf nflu u|fdL0f tyf ;x/L If]qdf ;–;fgf art kl/rfngsf ;Defjgfx¿, n3' pBd shf{sf nflu kof{Kt dfu / cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;zQmLs/0fsf ;Defjgfx¿ ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\,

• pTkfbg, k|zf]wg, ahf/ Joj:yf, :jf:Yo, lzIff, lj1fg k|ljlw, oftfoft, ;~rf/, ljB't\, cfjf;, ladf cflbh:tf If]qx¿df ;xsf/Ldfkm{t nufgL ug{df cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5,

• s[ifs, jg pkef]Qmf, hn pkef]Qmf / dlxnf ;dxx¿ ;xsf/Lk|lt cfslif{t x'g' / dlxnfåf/f ;~rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 x'g' klg ;xsf/L If]qsf nflu ;sf/fTds /x]sf] 5 .

!=$ g]kfndf ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; M g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;xsf/Ltfsf] Oltxf; w]/} k'/fgf] 5 . xfd|f] k"jL{o ;dfhdf ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ultljlwx? w]/} cufl8 b]lv ;+rfng x'Fb} cfPsf lyP . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf wd{esf/L, l9s'6L, kd{, lsk6 tyf u'7Lsf] ?kdf ;+rflnt k'j{ ;xsf/Lsf :j?kx? Hofb} k|rlnt lyP . log} k'j{ ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ kl/dfh{g / ljsf; ub}{ ;xsf/L k|0ffnLnfO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ / u|fld0f ljsf;sf] pko'Qm / k|efjsf/L dfWodsf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{ k|of;nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ qmddf lj=;+= @)!) ;fndf tTsfnLg of]hgf, ljsf; tyf s[lif dGqfno cGt{ut ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .

;xsf/L If]qsf] lgodg, lgoGq0f / ;+rfngsf] nflu sfg'gL Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;j{k|yd @)!! ;fndf ;xsf/L ;ldltsf] jLn–@)!! tof/ u/L ;Nnfxsf/ ;efdf k]z ePsf] lyof] . ;+;bsf] pkl:ylt gx'bf pQm jLn :jLs[t x'g g;Sbf sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]g . To; cj:yfdf ;xsf/L k4ltsf] ljsf;sf] nflu tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] sfo{sf/L cfb]z hf/L u/L lrtjg lhNnfdf lj=;+= @)!# r}q @) ut] klxnf] k6s jvfg ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf nufot @) j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] u7g ug]{ sfd eof]] . d'n'sdf k|yd k+raifL{o of]hgf -@)!#–@)!*_ nfu' eO{ pQm cjlwdf $%)

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;xsf/L ;+:yfx? u7g ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f eof] . o;/L ;xsf/L k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ qmddf ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g– @)!^ / ;xsf/L lgodx?— @)!*, hf/L eO{ nfu' ul/of] . tTsfnLg /fhgLlts k|0ffnL;+u ;';+ut x'g] lsl;dn] ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! / ;femf ;+:yf lgodfjnL, @)$# hf/L u/L nfu' ul/of] . lj=;= @)$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g kl5 dfq cGt/f{li6|o ;xsf/L l;4fGt ;+u tfbDotf sfod x'g] u/L ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* / ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( hf/L u/L nfu' u/] kZrft ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? :jtM:km't{ ?kdf u7g / ;+rfng x'g] k4ltsf] yfngL x'g] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'g k'Uof] . xfn ;xsf/L ljefun] ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] btf{, lgodg, tfnLd tyf k|j4{g nufotsf sfo{x? ub}{ cfPsf]5 .

!=% g]kfndf ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljsf; ;+aGwdf ePsf gLltut Joj:yfx?M g]kfndf ;j{k|yd lj=;=@)!) ;fndf of]hgf ljsf; tyf s[lif dGqfnosf] dftxtdf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+=@)!# ;fndf tTsflng ;/sf/sf] sfo{sf/L cfb]zdf lrtjg lhNnfdf avfg ax'p4]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;d]tsf @) j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? :yfkgf ePsf lyP . tTsflng cj:yfdf af9L lkl8t s[ifsx?nfO{ k'gj{f; u/fpg] / s[lif C0fsf] Aoj:yf u/L /fxt pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] lrtjg lhNnfdf vf]lnPsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sfdjf6 lzIff lnP/ g]kfn ;/sf/ åf/f d'n's e/ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? vf]Ng] nIo lgwf{/0f ul/of] . o;} l;nlznfdf ;+:yfut sfg'gL Aoj:yf ug{ klxnf] k6s ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ hf/L u/L nfu' ul/of] . o; P]gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xsf/L lgodx?,@)!* ;d]t hf/L eof] . pNn]lvt P]g lgodsf] kl/lw eLq ;/sf/L lgb]{zg / lgoGq0fdf tTsflng cj:yfdf u7g ePsf ;xsf/L ;+3–;+:yfx?n] s[lif Aoj;fosf] ljsf; / s[lif ahf/sf] k|j4{gsf] nflu dxTjk'0f{ sfdsf] yfngL ug{ k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ljz]if u/L s[lif ;dfu|Lx?sf] cfk'tL{df ;'lglZrttf ug{ / cfjZos s[lif C0fsf] Aoj:yfjf6 pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a[l4 u/L cfd s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg]] p2]Zon] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ljleGg ;dodf ePsf gLltut / sfg'gL k|of;nfO{ lgDgfg';f/

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k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M 1= g]kfndf ;j{k|yd lj=;= @)!) ;fndf of]hgf ljsf; tyf s[lif

dGqfnosf] dftxtdf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] 2= lj=;=@)!# df ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7gsf] nflu ;/sf/ 4f/f sfo{sf/L

cfb]z hf/L u/L lrtjg lhNnfdf !# j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? u7g,

3= lj=;=@)!% df ;xsf/L ljefu cGt/ut u|fd ljsf; Anssf] k|zf;lgs lgoGq0fdf sd{rf/Lx? v6fO{ ;xsf/L k|j4{gsf sfo{x?sf] yfngL

4= lj=;=@)!^ df ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ hf/L 5= lj=;=@)!& df ;xsf/L ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf 6= lj=;=@)!* df ;xsf/L lgodx? @)!* hf/L, ;femf ;+:yf lnld6]8sf]

:yfkgf u/L ;femf oftfoft, ;femf k|sfzg, ;femf e08f/,;femf :jf:Yo / ;femf k;nsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf], ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g,@)!^ df k|yd ;+;f]wg ul/Psf]

7= lj=;=@)!( df s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf], ;xsf/L a}s P]g hf/L ePsf] / ;xsf/L ljefu k+rfot dGqfnosf] dftxtdf ;fl/Psf]

8= lj=;=@)@) df ;xsf/L a}ssf] :yfkgf, u|fd ljsf; AnsnfO{ k+rfotdf kl/0ft u/L lhNnf k+rfotdf ;xsf/L zfvf /flvPsf]

9= lj=;=@)@! df ;xsf/L ljefusf] sfo{If]q eLq /x]sf sd{rf/Lx? e'ld;'wf/ sfo{s|ddf v6fOPsf],

10= lj=;=@)@# df ;xsf/L ljefunfO{ e'ld;'wf/ s[lif tyf vfB dGqfnodf /fvL ;xsf/L ljefudf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e'ld;'wf/ sfo{s|ddf nufOPsf]

11= lj=;=@)@$ df ;xsf/L a}snfO{ s[lif ljsf; a}sdf uflePsf] tyf ufp kms{ /fli6|o cleofgsf] sfo{s|ddf ;xsf/LnfO{ ;dfa]z ul/Psf]

12= lj=;=@)@% df ;xsf/L ljefujf6 x'b} cfPsf] ;+:yf btf{ tyf ;+rfng ;DjGwL sfd e'ld;'wf/ ljefunfO{ ;'lDkPsf]

13= lj=;=@)@^ df ;xsf/L ljefunfO{ e'ld;'wf/ dGqfno cGt/ut /fvLPsf], eQmk'/ lhNnfdf e'ld;'wf/ sfo{s|djf6 ;+slnt clgjfo{ art ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;]o/sf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf], ;xsf/L

9

;+:yf btf{ tyf ;+rfng ;DjGwL sfd e'ld;'wf/ ljefujf6 k'g ;xsf/L ljefudf lkmtf{ ePsf], ;xsf/L vl/b las|L tyf C0f ;+3 lhNnf ;femf ;+3df kl/0ft ePsf]

14= lj=;=@)@& df ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g,@)!^ df bf]>f] ;+;f]wg ul/Psf], ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Aoj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L s[lif ljsf; a}snfO{ lbPsf], s]Gb| tyf lhNnf :t/df ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f ;ldltsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf]

15= lj=;=@)## df ;femf sfo{s|d cGt/ut #) lhNnfsf x/]s uf=lj=;=df ax'd'lv ;femf ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, ;femf sfo{s|d dfkm{t hg;+Vof lzIffsf] yfngL, s[lif ;xsf/Lx?sf] ljsf;df Plss[t cjwf/0f ljifos cGt//fli6|o uf]i6Lsf] cfof]hgf, s]Gb|Lo ;femf ljsf; ;ldltsf] Aoj:yf, ;xsf/L lgodx? @)!* df bf]>f] ;+;f]wg, clgjfo{ art ;femf ;+:yfsf] ;]o/sf] ?kdf kl/0ft ul/of],

16= lj=;=@)#$ df ;femf ;+:yf k|zf;g tyf cfly{s lgod @)#$ sf] Aoj:yf ePsf],

17= lj=;=@)#% df ;femf ;+:yfsf] Aoj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L s[lif ljsf; a}sjf6 k'g ;+rfns ;ldltdf lkmtf{, ;femf sfo{s|dsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] nflu ;femf ;+:yfx?sf] Plss/0f sfo{s|dsf] ;+rfng, ;femf ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs lgod @)#% sf] Aoj:yf,

18= lj=;=@)#& df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)!( sf] bf]>f] ;+;f]wg u/L /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtdf tfnfO{ cfly{s d]?b08sf] ?kdf ;dfa]z ul/Psf], ;femf ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs lgod @)#& sf] Aoj:yf,

19= lj=;=@)$! df ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ vf/]h ul/ ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! hf/L,

20= lj=;=@)$@ df ;xsf/L ljefusf] gfd kl/jt{g ul/ ;femf ljsf; ljefu /fv] kl5 ;lassf] ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, If]qLo ;xsf/L sfof{no / lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] gfd s|dzM;femf ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, If]qLo ;femf ljsf; sfof{no / ;femf ljsf; zfvf /flvof],

21= lj=;=@)$# df ;femf ;+:yf lgodx? @)$# hf/L, /fli6«o ;femf uf]i6Lsf] cfof]hgf,

22= lj=;=@)$$ df ;femf ljsf; ljefu s[lif dGqfnodf ;dfj]z, pRr:t/Lo ;femf ljsf; s]Gb|Lo ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g,

10

23= lj=;=@)$% df clgjfo{ art artstf{nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] 3f]if0ff, !& ;b:oLo /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 k/fdz{ ;ldltsf] u7g / k|ltj]bg k|:t't,

24= lj=;=@)$^ df /fli6«o ;femf ;+u7gsf] nflu tby{ ;ldlt u7g, 25= lj=;=@)$& df & ;b:oLo /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 k/fdz{ ;ldltsf]

u7g / k|ltj]bg k|:t't, /fli6|o ;xsf/L ljsf; uf]i6Lsf] cfof]hgf 26= lj=;=@)$* df ;femf s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] lj36g, !! ;b:oLo

/fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{sf] u7g, ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! vf/]h u/L ;xsf/L P]g @)$* hf/L,

27= lj=;=@)$( df ;xsf/L lgodfjnL hf/L, ;femf ljsf; ljefusf] gfd kl/jt{g e} ;xsf/L ljefu /xg uof]

28= lj=;= @)%) df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3, s]Gb|Lo art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3, s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 / s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3sf] u7g, ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f pRr:t/Lo ;ldlt u7g / k|ltj]bg k|:t't,

29= lj=;= @)%& df ;xsf/L P]g @)$* df ;+;f]wg, ;xsf/L ;''wf/ ;'emfj ;ldlt u7g / k|ltj]bg k|:t't,

30= lj=;=@)%* df ;xsf/L P]g @)$* cGt/ut /fl6«o ;xsf/L a}+s ln=btf{ eO{ sfo{s|d ;+rfng .

31= lj=;=@)^! df ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+/rgf kl/jt{g, ^* lhNnfdf /x]sf ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] ;+Vof s6f}tL u/L #* lhNnfdf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no :yfkgf .

32= ;xsf/L ljefujf6 ldlt @)^$.&.@! df ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] lgodg lgb]{lzsf hf/L .

33= ;xsf/L] lgodg lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{ tyf lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^% hf/L .

34= ;xsf/L] lgodg lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{ tyf lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^^ hf/L .

35= @)^& ;fndf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{ tyf lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^% df kl/dh{g .

36= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{, ;+rfng, n]vfk/LIf0f, cg'udg tyf lgodg ;DjGwL dfkb08 @)^* hf/L .

11

37= @)^( ;fn h]i7df ;xsf/L If]qsf] nflu 5'§} ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf ePsf] .

38= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( :jLs[t u/L hf/L ePsf] .

!=^ ;/sf/ / ;xsf/L If]q jLrsf] ;dGjo 1= ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno– ;xsf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgdf{0f,

k|j4{g, ljsf;, la:tf/ tyf ;/sf/ / ;xsf/L If]qaLrsf] ;dGjosf/L e'ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ lgsfo .

2= /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; jf]8{–;xsf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgZn]if0f, k|j4{g, ljsf;, la:tf/ / cfjZostf cg';f/ k/fdz{ / sfg'gL ;xof]u .

3= ;xsf/L ljefu– ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$( / cGo ;DjlGwt lgodx?sf] sfof{Gjog lgsfo . sfg'gtM ;xsf/L If]qsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo xf] ;xsf/L ljefu .

4= ;xsf/L ljefu cGt/ut s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|–!, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no–% / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no–## /x]sf 5g . s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ljz]ifu/L k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f / Joj;flos k|s[ltsf clws[t:t/Lo k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf 5g\ .

5= ;xsf/L ljefu / o; cGt/ut ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no–% / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no–## jf6 ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] btf{, lgodg, tfnLd / cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .

6= g]kfndf ;xsfl/tfsf cfwf/e't / g}lts d'No tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L l;4fGt cg';f/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;xsf/L ljefusf] xf] .

7= ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* jdf]lhd ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7gsf]?kdf /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] u7g / ;+rfng ePsf] 5 .

8= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Ps dfq a}+s– /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 .

9= ljleGg ljifout ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Aoj;flos ljsf;df ;xof]u ug{sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] u7g / ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 .

12

!=& ;xsf/L P]g @)$* sf d'Vo ljz]iftfx? M ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] u7g, lgodg / ;+rfngsf] nflu Aoj:yf ug{ ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* hf/L ePsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* hf/L ug]{ ;dodf !))) eGbf sd ;+Vofdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? b'O{ bzssf] cGt/fndf a[l4 eP/ sl/a #!,%)& ePsf 5g . of] P]g cToGt ;/n tyf pbf/ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf d'Vo d'Vo ljz]iftfx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g M

1= ;/n btf{ k|s[of 2= sfg'gL / ;+ul7t JolQmTj 3= ;b:ox? aLr ;dfgtf 4= lgjf{lrt ;+rfns ;ldltsf] Joj:yf 5= :jfoQ ;+:yf 6= :j]lR5s ;b:otf 7= :jlgolGqt ;+oGq 8= ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;+3Lo :j?k 9= ;b:ox?sf] l;ldt bfloTj 10= ;xsf/L pBd Joj;fosf] Jofks If]q 11= ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfnfO{ 5'6 ;'ljwf

13

!=* t]x|f}+ of]hgf -@)&)÷&!–@)&@÷&#_ df ;xsf/L If]qM != k[i7e'ld g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #% -@_ n] æ;/sf/, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'sdf cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{Æ eGg] gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] ljleGg pTkfbg If]qx¿dWo] ;xsf/L If]q klg kb{5 ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ of]hgfa4 ¿kdf pTkfbg, ahf/Ls/0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;d'bfodf 5l/P/ /x]sf] >d, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k'FhLnfO{ Pslqt u/L pTkfbg, pTkfbsTj / /f]huf/L j[l4af6 /fli6«o cy{tGqdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg tyf ;b:ox¿sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f u/L ;Dj[4 ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{g ul/g]5 . o;} k[i7e'lddf ;xsf/L If]q ;DaGwL of]hgf th'{df ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . @= cBfjlws l:ylt ;xsf/L If]qsf] lj:tf/sf nflu ePsf k|of;x¿n] ubf{ cfly{s jif{ @)^(÷&) sf] cGTo ;Dddf sl/j @^,%)) k|f/lDes txsf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ^^ lhNnf ;xsf/L ;ª\3, !%& ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;ª\3, !& j6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;ª\3, Pp6f /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s / ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txdf Ps /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;ª\3 u/L hDdf @$@ j6f lhNnf, s]Gb|Lo tyf /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3x¿ /x]sf 5g\. ;xsf/Ldf $) nfv eGbf a9L JolQm ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf ;xeflutf $@ k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr @@ k|ltzt k'u]sf] / dlxnfdfq ;b:o /xL ;~rflnt ;xsf/L @,^)) k'u]sf] l:ylt 5 . s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] of]ubfg # k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 eg] %) xhf/eGbf a9LnfO{ k|ToIf / & nfv eGbf a9L nfO{ ck|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ h'6]sf] 5 . zx/L If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] afx'No /x] klg ;a} lhNnfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 dfkb08sf cfwf/df ;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf] cg'udg / lgodg ug]{ k|0ffnL z'¿jft ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf nflu ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .

14

#= ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx¿ ;xsf/L P]g lgoddf ;do ;fk]If kl/dfh{g x'g g;Sg', cfly{s cfofdsf w]/} If]qdf ;xsf/L k4ltsf] Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLltsf] cefj x'g', cfdgful/sdf ;xsf/Lsf] pkof]u / pkfb]otfsf af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/L gx'g' / pTkfbgzLn If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg a9fpg g;lsg' h:tf ;d:of 5g\ . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;'zf;gsf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs 5|}g . cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿sf] lxtdf sfd ug'{kg]{ sltko ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] ;b:ox¿sf] eGbf ;Lldt tyf ;De|fGt ;d'xsf] lxtdf sfd ug]{ k|j[lQn] ;du| ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; / ljZjf;df cf3ft k'u]sf] 5 . To;}u/L pTkfbgzLn If]qdf sfo{ u/L ;b:ox¿nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] eGbf ;]jf Jofkf/df s]lGb|t x'g uPsfn] o; If]qaf6 ck]lIft /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ ;d]t ;[hgf ug{ g;lsPsf] cj:yf 5 . ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f x'g g;s]sf] / ;a} lhNnfdf ;xsf/L sfof{no gePsf]n] ;xsf/L;DaGwL ;]jf pknAwtfdf sl7gfO{ k/]sf] 5 . art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf nflu ;do;fk]If sfg'gL Joj:yf Pj+ cg'udgsf] k|efjsf/L ;+/rgfsf] sdL ePaf6 ;xsf/L dfkm{t\ x'g] ljQLo sf/f]af/nfO{ Jojl:yt / e/kbf]{ agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . $= bL3{sfnLg ;f]r M ;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo ;|f]t, >d, ;Lk / k'FhLsf] clwstd kl/rfng ug]{ . %= p2]Zo

• ;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L d'n'ssf] lbuf] / ;dtfd'ns cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] .

• ;xsf/Lsf] l;4fGt / d'Nox¿sf] k|j4{g ub}{ ;xsf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsf ljlw / k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ .

^= /0fgLlt • ;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; / ;xsf/L;DaGwL hgr]tgf lj:tf/df 6]jf

k'¥ofpg] . • pTkfbg tyf ;]jfdf cfwfl/t cGo Joj;fodf klg ;xsf/L k4ltnfO{ lqmofzLn

t'Nofpg] . • dlxnf, ul/a, ;LdfGts[t, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, e'ldxLg tyf lk5l8Psf ju{ /

>ldssf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg ;xsf/L k4ltsf] Joj;fodf kx'Fr a9fpg] . • cg'udg tyf lgodgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ .

15

• ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfo / ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf] ;xof]u ;d]t kl/rfng ug]{ .

• ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf, bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] th'{df Pj+ pko'Qm ;ª\u7g ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

&= sfo{gLlt • ;xsf/L;DaGwL cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] k|j4{g ul/g]5 . • ;xsf/L Joj:yfkgsf] bIftf clej[l4sf nflu tflndnfO{ clgjfo{ ul/+b} nlug]5 . • ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L ;xsf/L ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfOg]5 . • ;xsf/L dfWodaf6 ;a} lsl;d / :t/sf pBf]u Joj;fo :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] u/L

If]qut gLlt, sfg'g / ;+/rgfdf kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 . • s[lif pTkfbg, e08f/0f, k|zf]wg, ahf/Ls/0f tyf s[lif ;fdu|L cfk'lt{sf] nflu

s[ifssf] ;xeflutfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;xsf/L pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 ljkGg dlxnf, ;LdfGts[t ul/a, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, e'ldxLg tyf lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo / >ldsnfO{ :j/f]huf/d'ns pBf]u tyf Joj:ffo :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos kg]{ k'FhL / ;Lkd'ns tflnd pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

• u|fdL0f txdf pTkfbg tyf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/LnfO{ ljleGg dxz'ndf 5'6 ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/L pBf]u Joj:ffosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu k'FhL dflysf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ;xsf/L ljsf; sf]ifdfkm{t\ ;x'lnotk'0f{ C0f tyf cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

• ;b:osf] of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t lgIf]k ;'/If0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf u/L lgIf]k ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .

• ljQLo ;xsf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L / cg'zfl;t agfpg ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo ;ª\3x¿df l:y/Ls/0f sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

• ljifo / ef}uf]lns lgs6tfsf cfwf/df æPs ;b:o Ps ;xsf/LÆ sf] gLltdfkm{t\c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ Go'g ul/g]5 . nfut nfe / ;'b[9 Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] PsLs/0fsf] sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/Ltfsf] k|j4{gsf sfo{df :yfgLo txdf ;/sf/L tyf :yfgLo lgsfo / ;xsf/L ;ª\3;+:yf aLrdf ;xsfo{ / ;dGjosf] jftfj/0f agfpg k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf nflu bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df ul/g]5 .

16

• s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] pTkfbgnfO{ ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg ljleGg :yfgdf ;xsf/L ahf/ s]Gb|sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 s[ifsnfO{ ;x'lnot shf{sf] nflu s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s dfkm{t\ Go'g k'FhL kl/rfngdf ;xof]u pknAw u/fOg]5 .

• art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L a}+s / ;ª\3;+:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ P]g lgodsf] th'{df ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/L d}qL s/ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 .

*= d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿ • P]g lgoddf ;'wf/M ;xsf/L P]g lgodx¿df ;d;fdlos ;'wf/, /fli6«o ;xsf/L

j}+s P]gsf] th'{df tyf /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; jf]8{ P]gdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ul/g]5 .

• ;+:yfut ;'wf/M ;xsf/L sfof{no gePsf lhNnfx¿df qmdzM ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] :yfkgf, ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf sfof{nox¿sf] ;+u7g / Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f, ;femf oftfoft, ;femf k|sfzg, ;femf k;n, ;femf e08f/nfO{ k'0f{ ¿kdf ;xsf/Ls/0f, ;xsf/L art ;'/If0f sf]if / ;xsf/L C0f ;'/If0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfngsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

• ;xsf/L ;'zf;gM ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ ljz]iftM ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ;3g cg'udg u/L ljQLo cg'zf;g sfod, ;xsf/L If]qaf6 ul/g] nufgLsf] oyfy{tf / kf/blz{tf sfod ug{ ;xsf/L shf{ ;'rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf, ;xsf/L n]vf+sg tyf n]vfkl/If0f dfkb08 tof/Lsf ;fy} ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfdf lgodg, ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf sfod ul/g]5 .

• k'FhLut cg'bfgM nlIft ju{ / ;d'xsf aLr u7g x'g] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] lbuf] ljsf; / Jofj;flos lj:tf/sf nflu aLp k'FhL k|bfg, ;xsf/L dfkm{t\ s[lif Pj+ kz'hGo / ;fgf pBf]usf] :yfkgf tyf ljsf;sf] nflu kF'hLut cg'bfg, u|fdL0f tyf ljkGg ;d'bfodf ;xsf/L Aoj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k'FhL jfl0fHo a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿jf6 shf{ nufgL ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; / kz' tyf afnL aLdf ;]jf ;~rfng h:tf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

• Ifdtf clej[l4M /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 / s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng, ;xsf/L tflnd ;~rfng k4ltdf ;'wf/, ;xsf/L ;'rgfsf] pkof]udf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr lj:tf/sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L

17

;'rgf OsfO{sf] lgdf{0f, ;xsf/L k4ltsf ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu ljleGg txsf] z}lIfs kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z / ;'rgf, lzIff tyf ;~rf/ ;fdu|L cflb k|sfzg ul/g]5 .

• ljljwM ul/j 3/kl/jf/sf] klxrfgsf] nflu kl/ro kq ljt/0f, ;/sf/–;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] nfut ;fem]bf/Ldf ljleGg pBf]u ;~rfng, ;xsf/L dfkm{t\ ul/aL lgjf/0f ;DaGwL nlIft sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L /f]huf/L ;[hgf tyf u|fdL0f o'jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

(= ck]lIft pknlAwx¿M

;xsf/Lsf] pkfb]otfsf] jf/]df hgr]tgf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], ;xsf/L If]qdf tflnd k|fKt hgzlQmsf ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g], lgodg sfo{ k|efjsf/L / Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ cfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf ;'zf;g sfod ePsf] x'g], ;xsf/L If]qdf k|ToIf /f]huf/ / :j/f]huf/Lsf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] x'g] / dlxnf, blnt, ul/a Pj+ kl5 k/]sf] ;d'bfosf JolQmsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg of]ubfg k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ;fy} @)^(÷&) df s]Gb| / lhNnf:t/sf ;xsf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof @$@ /x]sf]df ##) k'u]sf] x'g], k|f/lDes ;xsf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof @^,%)) af6 #%,))) k'u]sf] x'g] / ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 ;+Vof $) nfvaf6 a9]/ %) nfv k'u]sf] x'g]5 . o;}u/L o; If]qdf ;]o/ k'FhL $% ca{, jrt ;+sng !&) ca{ / C0f nufgL !&) ca{ k'u]sf] x'g]5 .

18

kl/R5]b–@

;xsf/L ljefusf] k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf Pj+ ;+u7gfTds 9f+rfM @=! k|zf;g / ;+u7g ;DjGwL k[i7eld lj=;+= @)!) ;fndf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf klg ;do ;dodf kl/jt{g e} cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefunfO{ ljutdf s]nfP/ x]bf{ o;sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ax'dvL ljsf; of]hgf, ;femf ;+:yf ln=, lgb]{lzt u|fd ljsf; ;ldlt, ;dGjofTds s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd, clgjfo{ art, hg;+Vof lzIff, ;fgf ls;fg ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+u7gsf] gLltut cfwf/, ;+u7g :j?k÷9f+rf o;sf] kl/rfng k|0ffnL, ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{ / s]Gb| b]lv u|fdL0f tx ;Ddsf] ;+u7g v8f ug]{ ;Ddsf sfo{df ;+nUg ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( nfu' eP kl5 ljutsf ;xsf/L P]g, lgod adf]lhd ;/sf/L lgoGq0fdf ;+rfng e}/x]sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? :jzfl;t Pj+, :jfoQtfsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k ;+rfng x'g k'u] . t/ ;do ;fk]If ;dfof]hg gePaf6 lhNnfdf ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] pkfb]otf Pj+ k|efj sd cf+sng ePsf] dxz'; x'g uof] . oBkL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? pNn]vLo ?kdf u7g uO{ ;+rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ / nfvf}+ hgtfx?af6 s/f}8f}+sf] jrt /sd ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf lgIf]kdf /xg uPaf6 cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f, tfnLd Joj:yfkg, k/fdz{ nufotsf sfo{df ;/sf/L :t/af6 ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' kg]{ bfo/f emg km/flsnf] x'+b} uPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefusf] k|zf;lgs ;+u7g ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ;Gbe{df j]nf j]nfdf uf]i7L, cGt/lqmof 5nkmn e} /x]sf] kfO{G5 . lj=;+= @)%! df ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ ljifos Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df sd{rf/L b/jGbL / sfof{no ;+Vof ;DaGwL sfo{df ;/sf/df k]z ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)%# ;fndf s[lif cfof]hgf ;]jf s]Gb|af6 Study on the Structural and Legal Aspects Relating to Department of Cooperatives gfds cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L To;df k|zf;lgs ;+u7g, kbLo ljj/0f, sfof{no /xg] :yfg lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . s[lif d+qfnoaf6 ;xsf/Ltfsf] lbzfdf tyf

19

ljefuLo ;+/rgf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg @)%$ df ;xsf/Ltf ;fGble{stf, ;xsf/L If]qsf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ :ki6 ?kdf phfu/ ub}{ ;xsf/L ljefu / cGtu{t sfof{nox?n] lgodg sfo{ ug]{, 3'DtL tfnLd ;+rfng ;'rgf tyf tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ tf]lsPsf] lyof] . lj=;+=@)%& df ;fdfGo k|zf;g d+qfnoaf6 k|zf;lgs ;'wf/ dfkm{t cfly{s ldtJolotf Nofpg sfo{jf]em sd ePsf sfof{nox?nfO{ x6fpg] sfo{s|d ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)%& kf}ifdf ;DkGg ePsf] /fli6«o ;xsf/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 g]kfndf ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljsf;nfO{ ;do ;fk]If ?kdf ult k|bfg ug{ dxTjk'0f{ ;'emfj k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs vr{ k'g/fjnf]sg cfof]un] lhNnf l:yt ;xsf/L sfof{nox? vf/]h ug]{ / ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf pBf]u btf{ nufotsf sfo{sf nflu lhNnf /flhi6«f/sf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . o; lsl;daf6 ;xsf/L ljefusf] k|zf;lgs ;+u7g ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ k|of; x'+b} cfPsf]df @)^!.!.! b]vL ;xsf/L ljefusf] jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgf nfu' x'+b} cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] k|j4{g / lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;/sf/L :t/af6 ;d]t k|efjsf/L e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ cToGt cfjZos ePsf]n] :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo :t/df k|zf;lgs ;+u7g h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu ;xsf/L ljefu, tfnLd s]Gb|x? / lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox? sfod /fVg' h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L sfof{nox?nfO{ lhNnfdf sfod /fVbf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf / k|efjsf/LtfnfO{ Wofg lbO{Psf]5 .

jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgf k|f/De x'g' cufl8 ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t ! ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| / ^* lhNnfdf lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nox? lyP . lj=;+= @)^!.!.! b]lv nfu' ePsf] jt{dfg ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ljefu, Ps s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, kf+r ljsf; If]qdf Ps Ps j6f ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no / ## lhNnfdf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ . xfn sfod /x]sf sfof{nox?df /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL b]lv >]0fL ljlxg sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;d]t hDdf %($ b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 . lghfdlt P]g, @)$( sf t]>f] ;+zf]wg, @)&) kZrft lglZrt ;dofjwL ;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ a9'jf ;dfof]hg ubf{ ;xsf/L ljefusf] sd{rf/L b/aGbLdf s]xL kl/jt{g ePsf] ePtfklg ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nosf] s'n b/aGbL ;+Vof %($ df s'g} kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5}g .

20

@=@ sfof{nout b/jGbL ljj/0f M ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;=k|=l8=sf= -%_ / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] at{dfg b/aGbL ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ sfod /x]sf] 5 M

sfof{no -b/jGbL lgsfo_ b/jGbL ;+Vof s_ ;xsf/L ljefu #% v_ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| @) u_ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no ;'g;/L

/ sf:sL -@ x !*_ #^

3_ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg / afFs] -@ x !(_ #* ª_ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL !& r_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ !& 5_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/ / sfe|] -@x!^_ #@ h_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL / af/f -@ x !%_ #)

em_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no– -df]/«ª, ?kGb]xL, emfkf, l;/fxf, wg'iff, tgFx', g'jfsf]6, k;f{, dsjfgk'/, ;'v]{t / bfË

-!! x !$_ !%$

`_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no–afUn'Í, slknj:t', bf]nvf, wflbÍ, h'Dnf, /f}tx6, etmk'/

s+rgk'/, alb{of,a}t8L, / 8f]6L -!! x !#_ !$#

6_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f, pbok'/, :ofª\hf, kfNkf,

Onfd / gjnk;f/ -^ x !@_ &@

hDdf b/jGbL M– %($

21

@=# :jLs[t b/aGbL M ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf s'n $) sfof{nox?df ljleGg >]0fL

/ ;d'xsf s'n %($ hgf sd{rf/Lx?sf] b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?sf] >]0fLut ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M

s|=;+ kbgfd ;]jf÷>]0fL ljefu s]=;=k|=s]Gb|

;=k|=l8=sf %

l8=;=sf= ##

hDdf

1 /lhi «̂f/ /f=k=k|= 1 − − 1 2 al/i& s[lif cy{lj! /f=k=lå= 1 − − 1 3 pk /lhi «̂f/ /f=k=lå= 2 − 2 4 k|frfo{ ,, − 1 5 − 6 5 pk ;lrj n]vf ,, 1 − − 1

6 jl/i& ;xsf/L c lws[t ,, − − − 4 4

7 Zffvf c lws[t /f=k =t[= 7 − − − 7

;xsf/L k|lzIfs ,, − 5 14 − 19 8 ;xsf/L c lws[t ,, − − 35 35 9 n]vf c lws[t ,, -n]vf_ 1 1 5 − 7 10 sfg'g c lws[t ,, -sfg'g_ 1 − − 1 11 s[lif k|lzIfs ,, -s[lif_ − 1 − 1 12 sDKo'̂ / c lws[t ,, -ljljw_ 1 − − 1 13 ;xsf/L lg/LIfs /f=k=cg+=k| − − 23 129 152 14 gf=;'= ,, 6 2 − − 8 15 sDKo'̂ / ck|]̂ / ,, -ljljw_ 3 2 5 1 11 16 n]vfkfn ,, -n]vf_ 12 12 17 ;=;=lg=åvl/bf/ /f=k=cg+=lå= 1 − 14 116 131 18 ;=n]=kf= ,, -n]vf_ 1 − 21 22 19 ;=sDKo'^/ /f=k=cg+=lå= 2 16 18 20 ^fO{lki^ a]u cg';f/ 1 14 15 21 *|fOe/ >])fL ljlxg 2 2 5 1 10 22 lkog ,, 5 5 20 99 129

s'n hDdf 35 20 91 448 594

22

23

pk /lhi6«f/ -cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f_ /f=k=l4lto

Joj;fo tyf ahf/ k|j4{g zfvf

of]hgf zfvf ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf Joj:yfkg zfvf

pk /lhi6«f/ -k|zf;g_ /f=k=l4lto

pk /lhi6«f/ -n]vf_ /f=k=l4lto

al/i7 s[lif cy{lj1 -of]hgf tyf Joj;fo k|j4{g_

/f=k=l4lto

/lhi6«f/ /f=k=k|yd

@=$ ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7gfTds 9f+rf M

sfg"g zfvf

sfg"g clws[t–! -/f=k=t[tLo_

gfoa ;'Aaf–! -/f=k=cg=k|yd_

;xfos sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–! -/f=k=cg=l4lto_

sd{rf/L÷k|zf;g zfvf

zfvf clws[t–! -/f=k=t[tLo_ gfoa ;'Aaf–! -/f=k=cg=k|yd_ sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–! -/f=k=cg=k|yd_ vl/bf/–! (/f=k=cg=l4lto)

8«fOe/–@ sfof{no ;xof]uL–% s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| – !

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8eLhg sfof{no – %

;xsf/L l8eLhg sfof{no – ##

zfvf clws[t– ! -/f=k=t[tLo_


zfvf clws[t–! -/f=k=t[tLo_ gfoa ;'Aaf–! -/f=k=cg=k|yd_ sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–! -/f=k=cg=k|yd_

zfvf clws[t–! -/f=k=t[tLo_

sDKo'6/ clws[t–! -/f=k=t[tLo_


n]vf zfvf

n]vf clws[t–! -/f=k=t[tLo_

;x n]vfkfn –! -/f=k=cg=l4lto_ sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–! -/f=k=cg=k|yd_

cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f zfvf

zfvf clws[t–# -/f=k=t[tLo_


;xfos sDKo'6/ ck/]6/–! -/f=k=cg=l4lto_

24

25

@=% ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] :jLs[t b/aGbL / kb k'lt{sf] ljj/0f -@)&! ;fn c;f/ d;fGt ;Dd_

qm=; kb tyf >]0fL b/aGbL kbk'lt{ l/SQ s}lkmot 1= ;x;lrj -/f=k=k|yd_ 1 1 0 2= pk ;lrj jf ;f] ;/x -/F =k=l$lto_ 14 11 3 3= zfvf c lws[t jf ;f] ;/x

-/f=k=t[tLo_ 71 61 10

4= gf=;'= jf ;f] ;/x -/f=k=cg=k|yd_ 188 160 28 5= v/Lbf/ jf ;f] ;/x -/f=k=cg=l$lto_ 181 138 43 6= >])fL ljlxg 139 139 0 hDdf 594 510 84 @=^ ;xsf/L ljefujf6 ;+rfng x'g] lqmofsnfkx? M

1= ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;'rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|of]u, 2= ;xsf/L k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / o;sf] of]ubfg ;DjGwL

cWoog÷cg';Gwfg, 3= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg

d'Nofªsg, 4= ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'zf;gsf] nflu ;xsf/L lzIff, ;'rgf /

;+rf/ 5= ;xsf/L sfg'gdf ;d;fdlos ;'wf/, ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf

;+rfng dfkb08 tyf lgb]{lzsfsf] tof/L 6= ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f cGt/ut ;fj{hlgs ;Dkltsf] ;+/If0f,

tfnLd xn tyf 5fqfjf; / sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f, 7= ;d'x hfu/0f dfkm{t ;xsf/Ls/0f, gof+ ;+3 ;+:yf btf{ /

lgis[o ;+3 ;+:yf lju6g / lnSjL8]zg, 8= ;xsf/L cleofgsf ;Dj4 lgsfo Pj+ ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf

clej[l4sf] nflu tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd, 9= ;xsf/L cleofgsf ;Dj4 lgsfox?df ;+:yfut k|ltlglwTj, 10= cg'udg, lg/LIf0f / cGo lgodg ;DjGwL sfo{ .

26

kl/R5]b–# ;xsf/L] ;+3 ;:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f M

#=! ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] k[i7e'dL M

;xsf/L P]g @)$* hf/L x'g' cufl8 d'n's e/ *#) k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;+rfngdf /x]sf lyP . of] P]g hf/L x'g' cufl8 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? sfg'gtM ;/sf/ åf/f ;+rflnt / lgb]{lzt lyP . lj=;+=@)$& df d'n'sdf k|hftGqsf] k'g:yfkgf kl5 hf/L ;xsf/L P]g @)$* n] cGt//fli6«o ;xsf/L l;4fGt / d'No dfGotfx?sf] ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] x'bf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] :jtGqtf / :jfoQtfsf] pkof]u ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/]jf6 s|dzM ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 x'b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . cf=a= @)&)–&! sf] cGTo ;Dd ;xsf/L ;:yfx?sf] ;+Vof #!!&& k'u]sf] 5 eg] ;+3x?sf] ;+Vof ##) ;d]t hDdf #!%)& k'u]sf] 5 . #=@ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljsf;qmd M

cf= a= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf]

;+Vof ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf]

;+Vof @)%$–%% $#$( *@ @)%%–%^ $*^) *#

@)%^–%& %^&! (&

@)%&–%* ^$*$ NA @)%*–%( &)&$ NA @)%(–^) &$$% NA @)^)–^! &%(* !!& @)^!–^@ *)$% !@! @)^@–^# *%#) !@( @)^#–^$ (&@) !#( @)^$–^% !!#)@ !$! @)^%–^^ !%*!# !&! @)^^÷^& @)!)@ @)$

27

@)^&÷^* @##)! @#* @)^*÷^( @^%)) @%* @)^(÷&) @(%@^ #)$ @)&)÷&! #!!&& ##)

#=# ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Plss[t ;ª\VofTds ljj/0f M

-@)&! cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd_ qm=;+= ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] lsl;d ;+Vof s}lkmot

! k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf #!!&&

@ lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ^(

# ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 @$!

$ ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 !*

% /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ! ^ /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s ! hDdf #!%)&

#=$ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ljj/0f M

1= g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 2= s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 3= s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 4= h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 5= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 6= g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 7= g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3 ln= 8= s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 9= s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 10= g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 11= g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 12= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 13= s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,

28

14= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8a'l6 ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, 15= g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, 16= aLpF pTkfbs s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, 17= g]kfn s]lGb|o dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= 18= s]Gb|Lo ko{6g ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=

#=% laifout ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0fM

1= lhNNff ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–^(

2= lhNnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–^# 3= lhNnf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@! 4= lhNnf b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–#*

5= lhNnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–$* 6= lhNnf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@@ 7= lhNnf cb'jf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@

8= lhNnf h'gf/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@

9= lhNnf ko{6g ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@ 10= lhNnf t/sf/L kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–(

11= lhNnf slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!! 12= lhNnf :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–! 13= lhNnf lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–%

14= lhNnf ljB't\ ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–# 15= lhNnf hl8a'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–%

16= lhNnf dT:o pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–# 17= lhNnf pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–! 18= lhNnf ;'kf/L pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–! 19= lhNnf ;fdflhs pBdL ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–@ 20= lhNnf ;"rgf ;+rf/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=–!

29

#=^ ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]q / ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofM -@)&! cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd_

s|=;+=

;xsf/L sfof{no

k|fb]lzs If]q ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;+Vof

;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof

! l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no Onfd

Onfd, tfKn]h'ª / kf+ry/ 14 869

@ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no emfkf

emfkf 9 790

# l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no df]/ª

df]/ª 8 1051

$ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wgs'6f

wgs'6f,t]x|y'd, ;+v'jf;ef /

ef]hk'/ 13 699

% l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no l;/fxf

l;/fxf / ;Kt/L 8 1113

^ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no pbok'/

pbok'/, ;f]n'v'Da',

cf]vn9'+ªf / vf]6fª

8 620

& l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bf]nvf

bf]nvf, /fd]5fk 10 925

* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iff

wg'iff, dxf]t/L / l;Gw'nL 19 1958

( l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xL

;nf{xL 4 836

!) l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no /f}tx6

/f}tx6 5 664

!! l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sf7df08f}+

sf7df08f}+ 7 3685

!@ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no nlntk'/

nlntk'/ 9 1039

!# l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no eQmk'/

eQmk'/ 5 621

!$ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfe|]

sfe|]knf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s 13 1989

!% l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wflbª

wflbª 6 401

30

!^ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no g'jfsf]6

g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf 4 557

!& l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no jf/f

jf/f 5 755

!* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no k;f{

k;f{ 3 608

!( l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/

dsjfgk'/ 6 517

@) l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tgx+'

tgx+' , uf]/vf, ndh'ª / dgfª 16 1006

@! l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no :ofªhf

:ofªhf 8 302

@@ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no afUn'ª

afUn'ª, kj{t, DofUbL / d':tfª 17 879

@# l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no gjnk/f;L

gjnk/f;L 6 469

@$ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ?kGb]xL

?kGb]xL 5 649

@% l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no kfNkf

kfNkf / u'NdL 11 452

@^ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no slkna:t'

slkna:t' / c3f{v+rL 5 604

@& l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfª

bfª, ?s'd, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg /

Ko'7fg 17 1122

@* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no abL{of

abL{of 6 345

@( l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;'v]{t

;'v]{t, hfh/sf]6 / b}n]v 9 965

#) l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6L

8f]6L, afemfª, afh'/f / cf5fd 9 606

#! l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no h'Dnf

h'Dnf, x'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, d'u' / sflnsf]6

4 501

#@ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no s~rgk'/

s~rgk'/ / 88]Nw'/f 9 537

31

## l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no a}t8L

a}t8L / bfr'{nf 4 316

#$ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no ;'g;/L

;'g;/L 5 585

#%

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no lrtjg

lrtjg 8 648

#^ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no sf:sL

sf:sL 6 563

#& ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no af+s]

af+s] 5 410

#* ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no s}nfnL

s}nfnL 4 521

hDdf 310 31177 #=& lhNnfut ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f M l;=g+= lhNnf ;+:yf ;+# l;=g+= lhNnf ;+:yf ;+#

1 tfKn]h"ª 134 5 39 :ofª hf 302 8 2 k+fry/ 213 4 40 sf:sL 563 6 3 Onfd 522 5 41 dgfª 8 0 4 emfkf 790 9 42 ?kGb]xL 649 5 5 t]x|y"d 152 4 43 slknj:t" 457 3 6 ef]hk"/ 157 3 44 gjnk/f;L 469 6 7 ;+v'jf;ef 115 2 45 c#f{vf +rL 147 2 8 wgs" F̂ 275 4 46 u"NdL 225 6 9 ;"g;/L 585 5 47 kfNkf 227 5 10 df]/ª 1051 8 48 d":tfª 35 0 11 c f]vn("+uf 137 1 49 DofUbL 182 5 12 ;f]n'v'Dj' 57 3 50 kj{t 280 5

32

13 vf]̂ fª 156 1 51 afUn"ª 382 7 14 pbok"/ 270 3 52 Ko'&fg 158 3 15 l;/xf 534 3 53 /f]Nkf 125 3 16 ;Kt/L 579 5 54 ;Nofg 135 2 17 bf]nvf 513 6 55 ?s"d 131 4 18 /fd]%fk 412 4 56 bfª 573 5 19 l;Gw"nL 477 7 57 h"Dnf 187 3 20 ;nf{xL 836 4 58 x"Dnf 91 0 21 dxf]Q/L 671 7 59 d"u' 79 0 22 wg"iff 810 5 60 *f]Nkf 53 0 23 eQmk"/ 621 5 61 sflnsf]̂ 91 1 24 nlntk"/ 1039 9 62 hfh/sf]̂ 139 2 25 sf&df)*f}+ 3685 7 63 alb{of 345 6 26 sfe|]knf~rf]s 1364 7 64 b}n]v 252 2 27 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 625 6 65 ;'v]{t 574 5 28 wflbª 401 6 66 a+F s] 410 5 29 g"jfsf]̂ 431 4 67 *F ]̂ L 199 2 30 /;"jf 126 0 68 aemfª 122 2 31 lrtjg 648 8 69 c%fd 197 2 32 dsjfgk'/ 517 6 70 s}nfnL 521 4 33 k;f{ 608 3 71 afh"/f 88 3 34 af/f 755 5 72 bfr{"nf 121 2 35 /f}tx^ 664 5 73 a}t*L 195 2 36 tgx+' 330 6 74 **]Nw"/f 174 4 37 ndh"ª 281 4 75 s~rgk"/ 363 5 38 uf]/vf 387 6 hDdf 31177 310

33

#=* ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] lhNnfut ;+VofTds ljj/0f M

ax' p@]ZoLo

art C)f b'Uw s[lif pkef]Qmf cb'jf h'gf/ ko{̂ g

t/sf/L kmnkm'n slkm :jf:Yo pv' lrof ljB't hl*j'̂ L ;'kf/L dT:o

;fdflhs pBdL

;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ hDdf

1 1 1 1 51 1 1 41 1 1 1 5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 91 1 1 41 1 31 21 1 1 4

1 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 1 1 1 8

11 1 3

11 1 31 1 3

1 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 1 6

1 1 1 41 1 1 1 1 1 71 1 1 41 1 1 1 1 1 71 1 1 1 5

1 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 91 1 1 1 1 1 71 1 1 1 1 1 71 1 1 1 1 6

1 1 1 1 1 61 1 1 4

01 1 1 1 1 1 1 81 1 1 1 1 6

1 1 31 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 1 61 1 1 41 1 1 1 1 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 81 1 1 1 1 6

01 1 1 1 5

0 1 1 31 1 1 1 1 6

1 21 1 1 1 1 61 1 1 1 5

01 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 1 1 7

1 1 31 1 3

1 21 1 1 4

1 1 1 1 51 1 3

0001

1 21 1 1 1 1 6

1 21 1 1 1 51 1 1 1 5

1 21 21 21 1 1 41 1 31 21 21 1 1 4

1 1 1 1 521 63 38 49 22 2 2 2 9 11 1 1 5 3 5 1 3 2 1 310

34

qm=;= sfof{no k||fb ]]lzs If]q /sd ?=

1 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, ;'g;/L ;'g;/L 0

2 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, lrtjg lrtjg 161900

3 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, sf:sL sf:sL 122100

4 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, afFs] afFs] 64300

5 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, s}nfnL s}nfnL 1079716 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf emfkf 988007 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd Onfd, tfKn]h'ª / kfFry/ 125100

8 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f wgs'6f, t]x|y'd, ;+v'jf;ef / ef]hk'/ 1136009 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/ª df]/ª 12310110 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/fxf l;/fxf / ;Kt/L 76200

11 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/ pbok'/, ;f]n'v'Da', cf]vn9'+uf / vf]6fª 4150012 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff wg'iff, dxf]Q/L / l;Gw'nL 19050013 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL ;nf{xL 5045014 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}tx6 /f}tx6 2200015 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f af/f 10400016 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{ k;f{ 155300

17 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/ dsjfgk'/ 7720018 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf bf]nvf 19150019 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|] sfe|]knf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s 8300020 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/ eQmk'/ 6000021 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ sf7df8f{+ 106480022 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/ nlntk'/ 19605023 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6 g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf 2720024 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbª wflbª 32000

25 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F tgx'F, uf]/vf, ndh'ª / dgfª 9910026 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'ª afUn'ª, kjt{, DofUbL / d':tfª 027 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\hf :ofª\hf 028 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf kfNkf 3325029 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L gjnk/f;L 5680030 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb]xL ?kGb]xL 61500

31 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t' sflknj:t' / c3f{vfrLF 032 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfª bfª, ?s'd, /f]Nkf,;Nofg / Ko"7fg 10760033 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t ;'v]{t, hfFh/sf]6 / b}n]v 8350034 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, alb{of jlb{of 6500035 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h'Dnf h"Dnf, x'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, d'u' / sflnsf]6 16240

36 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L 8f]6L, aemfª, afh'/f / c5fd 6090037 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, s~rgk'/ s~rgk'/ / 88]Nw'/f 810038 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L a}t8L / bfr'{nf 0

hDdf 3880562

#=( ;xsf/L sfof {nox?af6 cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;+slnt u}/s/ /fh:j ljj/0f M

35

qm=;= lhNnf gofF btf{ Plss/)f btf{ vf/]hL lnSjL8]zg1 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/ 24 2 17 02 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t' 23 0 0 03 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L 38 0 4 04 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L 16 2 12 05 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/ 65 1 8 06 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ 53 2 19 07 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/ 35 2 8 08 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/ 16 0 0 09 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL 53 0 1 010 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t 77 1 4 011 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf 82 2 2 212 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx"F 74 2 7 013 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL 23 0 5 014 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\hf 29 0 23 015 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf 30 0 8 016 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb\xL 28 0 24 017 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg 34 2 22 018 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f 70 1 18 019 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{ 44 0 13 020 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}tx6 112 1 12 021 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff 188 1 9 022 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL 30 0 6 023 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/fxf 96 0 18 024 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/ª 88 1 30 025 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/L 42 0 4 026 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|] 73 1 8 227 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h"Dnf 81 0 2 028 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbª 31 0 8 029 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6 38 1 9 030 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf 67 1 0 031 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'ª 143 4 0 032 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, s~rgk'/ 16 0 3 033 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nom afFFs] 37 0 0 034 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L 21 0 0 135 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, alb{of 35 1 37 036 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfª 109 0 5 037 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd 47 0 21 538 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg's'6f 144 0 108 0

hDdf 2212 28 475 10

#=!) cf=j= @)&)÷&! df PsLs/0f, btf{ vf/]hL / lnSjL8]zg ul/Psf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f

36

qm=;= lhNnf ;:yfx?sf] ;+Vof qm=;= lhNnf ;:yfx?sf] ;+Vof

1 sf7df8f}+ 167 39 cf]vn9'Ëf 272 eQmk'/ 61 40 pbok'/ 503 nlntk'/ 87 41 ;f]n'v'Da' 174 dsjfgk'/ 94 42 vf]6fË 155 g'jfsf]6 68 43 8f]6L 286 /;'jf 18 44 c5fd 327 bf]nvf 59 45 aemfª 268 /fd]5fk 40 46 afh'/f 139 ;'v]{t 56 47 b}n]v 2810 sfe|] 126 48 hfh/sf]6 1011 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 46 49 uf]/vf 8112 s~rgk'/ 49 50 ndh'Ë 2813 88]Nw'/f 16 51 dgfª 414 wg'iff 103 52 emfkf 11815 dxf]Q/L 111 53 alb{of 5116 l;Gw'nL 66 54 bfª 11517 af/f 55 55 ;Nofg 1918 k;f{ 52 56 ?s'd 1119 a}t8L 24 57 /f]]Nkf 1420 bfr{'nf 16 58 Ko"7fg 3021 ;nf{xL 79 59 ef]hk'/ 2622 lrtjg 97 60 ;+v'jf;ef 1523 s}nfnL 75 61 t]¥xy'd 1324 sf:sL 62 62 Onfd 6625 ;'g;/L 100 63 kfFry/ 3126 l;/fxf 39 64 tfKn]h'Ë 2227 ;Kt/L 62 65 df]/ª 13328 jfUn'ª 43 66 h"Dnf 2629 kj{t 32 67 d'u' 1030 DofUbL 29 68 sflnsf]6 431 d':tfª 4 69 8f]Nkf 332 :ofª\hf 31 70 x''Dnf 733 tgx"F 42 71 ?kGb]xL 5734 /f}tx6 86 72 slkna:t' 5535 gjnk/f;L 102 73 c3f{vfrLF 2436 wgs'6f 35 74 afFs] 5537 kfNkf 36 75 wflbª 8738 u'NdL 37 hDdf 3656

#=!! dlxnf4f/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] lhNnfut ljj/0f

37

? 1 b]lv 5 s/f]* ;Dd

? 5 s/f]* b]lv 50 s/f]* ;Dd

? 1 b]lv 5 s/f]* ;Dd

? 5 s/f]* b]lv 50 s/f]* ;Dd

1 sf7df8f}+ 923 205 16 39 ?kGb]]xL 87 45

2 eQmk'/ 139 54 3 40 gjnk/f;L 92 24 13 nlntk'/ 147 61 4 41 tgx'F 22 14 –

4 dsjfgk'/ 20 10 – 42 uf]/vf 11 1 –

5 g'jfsf]6 24 4 – 43 ndh'ª 11 4 16 /;'jf 3 0 – 44 dgfª 0 0 –

7 ;'v]{t 29 5 – 45 afFs] 13 7 –

8 hfh/sf]6 1 0 – 46 alb{of 25 11 –

9 b}n]v 1 0 – 47 bfª 20 1 –

10 sfe|] 20 21 2 48 ;Nofg 4 0 –

11 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 0 0 – 49 Ko'7fg 4 0 –

12 wflbª 42 8 – 50 ?s'd 1 1 –

13 bf]nvf 30 11 – 51 /f]Nkf 1 0 –

14 /fd]5fk 6 3 – 52 emfkf 107 25 215 lrtjg 95 34 – 53 df]/ª 125 22 –

16 wg'iff 27 4 – 54 *f]Nkf 0 0 –

17 dxf]Q/L 13 0 – 55 x'Dnf 0 0 –

18 l;Gw'nL 6 1 – 56 h"Dnf 8 0 –

19 88]Nw'/f 5 1 – 57 d"u" 1 0 –

20 sGrgk'/ 9 3 – 58 sflnsf]̂ 2 0 –

21 af/f 10 6 – 59 pbok'/ 14 0 –

22 k;f{ 0 9 – 60 vf]̂ fª 3 0 –

23 ;'g;/L 41 21 – 61 c f]vn('+uf 4 0 –

24 ;nf{xL 19 7 – 62 ;f]n'v'Da' 1 0 –

25 s}nfnL 20 3 2 63 wg's"̂ f 3 0 –

26 l;/fxf 9 4 – 64 ef]hk"/ 0 0 –

27 ;Kt/L 8 4 – 65 t]x|y"d 2 0 –

28 jfUn'ª 16 3 – 66 ;+v'jf;ef 0 0 –

29 DofUbL 5 4 – 67 *f]̂ L 1 0 –

30 d':tfª 0 0 – 68 c%fd 0 0 –

31 kj{t 0 0 – 69 aemfª 1 0 –

32 /f}tx6 10 2 – 70 afh'/f 2 0 –

33 sf:sL 190 65 2 71 a}t*L 4 0 –

34 kfNkf 21 4 – 72 bfr{'nf 2 0 –

35 u'NdL 16 2 – 73 Onfd 12 2 –

36 :ofªhf 17 12 – 74 kfF ry/ 5 1 –

37 slknj:t' 14 7 – 75 tfKn]h'ª 3 1 –

38 c3f{vfrLF 8 0 – hDdf 2535 737 33

qm=;= lhNnf?= 50

s/f]* eGbf dfly

;+Vof

3=12 ljQLo sf/f ]af /sf c fwf /df ;xsf/L ;+:Yf f x?sf ] ;+Vof Tds ljj/)f

;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof

qm=;= lhNnf?= 50

s/f]* eGbf dfyL

38

qm=;= sfof{no dlxnf k'?if hDdf s}lkmot1 s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 380 522 902 clws[t :tl/o cfjf;Lo tfnLd

2 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, ;'g;/L 611 532 1143 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

3 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, lrtjg 601 533 1134 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

4 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, sf:sL 754 519 1273 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

5 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, afFs] 673 446 1119 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

6 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sof{no, s}nfnL 495 419 914 ;xfos :t/Lo cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

7 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf 329 424 753 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

8 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd 563 756 1319 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

9 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f 518 660 1178 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

10 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/ª 443 517 960 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

11 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/fxf 540 242 782 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

12 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/ 632 405 1037 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

13 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff 218 666 884 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

14 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL 405 620 1025 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

15 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}tx6 650 332 982 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

16 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f 250 525 775 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

17 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{ 244 777 1021 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

18 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/ 755 570 1325 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

19 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf 555 534 1089 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

20 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|] 458 639 1097 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

21 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/ 298 357 655 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

22 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ 328 697 1025 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

23 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/ 722 485 1207 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

24 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6 492 730 1222 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

25 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbª 620 408 1028 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

26 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F 975 655 1630 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

27 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'ª 872 287 1159 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

28 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\hf 470 423 893 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

29 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf 413 509 922 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

30 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L 778 501 1279 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

31 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb]xL 527 390 917 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

32 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t' 327 815 1142 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

33 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfª 692 582 1274 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

34 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t 324 480 804 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

35 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, alb{of 289 413 702 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

36 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h'Dnf 350 500 850 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

37 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L 870 471 1341 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

38 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, s~rgk'/ 520 318 838 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

39 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L 452 450 902 ;xfos :t/Lo u}/ cfjf;Lo cfwf/e"t tfnLd

hDdf 20393 20109 40502

#=!# ljleGg tfnLd sfo{qmddf n} + lËs ;xeflutf

39

kl/R5]b – $ cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?df ;+rflnt

sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ult ljj/0fM $=! ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfo]fhgf -#!@!#$–#÷$_ M k[i7e'ld M ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( nfu' eP kl5 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? k|ToIf?kdf ;/sf/L lgb]{zg / lgoGq0fjf6 d'Qm eO{ :jzfl;t Pj+ :jfoQ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ;~rfng x'g] sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf] yfngL eof] . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df ;/sf/sf] e'ldsf lgodssf] ;fy} ;xhstf{ / k|j4{gfTds aGg k'u]sf] 5 . cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] cGTo ;Dd b]zdf #!%)& ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? btf{ e} ;~rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ . ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf btf{ ug]{ / cg'udg ug]{ cfwf/e't sfd dWo] jh]6sf] cefjdf cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsfl/tfsf] efjgf cg'?k ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ lbuf] t'Nofpg cfjZos kg]{ sfo{qmdx? ;xsf/L ljefu tyf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox? dfkm{t ;~rfngdf Nofpg ;lsPsf] v08df ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg / ul/jL Go'lgs/0fsf] nflu ;xsf/L cGbf]ngnfO{ kl/rflnt ug{ ;lsg] k|jn ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? cfk\mgf] p2]Zo cg'?k lqmoflzn eO{ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f x'g] tyf :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfng / pkof]uaf6 ;b:o gful/sx?sf] cfly{s l:ylt, ;fdflhs hLjg:t/ tyf pBdlzntfsf] ljsf; ;d]t x'g uO{ ;xztfAbL ljsf; nIo / cfjlws of]hgfdf kl/nlIot u/LjL lgjf/0f ug]{ p2]Zo k'/f ug{df ;3fp k'Ug] ck]Iffsf ;fy cf=j= @)&)÷&! df lgDg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

;xsf/L ;DaGwL j[Qlrq lgdf{0f tyf k|zf/0f M

d'n'ssf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;xsfl/tfsf] k|j4{g, tyf ljsf;sf lgldQ ;xsf/L k|j4{g ;DaGwL ;r]tgfd'ns ;fdfu|L tof/L ug'{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . o;}qmddf ;xsf/L ljefun] ljut jif{x? b]lv o; k|sf/sf k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;'rgf tyf r]tgfd'ns k|j4{g ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{

40

p2]Zosf ;fy ;xsf/L ';xsf/L lrof pTkfbs' gfds a[Qlrq tyf @ j6f ;Gb]zd'ns lhª\unsf] lgdf{0f u/L pQm ;fdfu|Lsf] k|zf/0f dfk{mt ;xsf/L ;+jGwL ;Gb]zd'ns ljifox?nfO{ cfd gful/sx? dfem k'¥ofpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf]] lyof] . o; k|sf/sf] ;xsf/L >Job[Zo ;fdfu|Lsf] lgdf{0f tyf k|zf/0f dfk{mt ;xsf/Lsf cfwf/e't dfGotfsf cltl/Qm ;xsf/LpBdsf] ;kmntfsf] lgldQ cfjZos ljifoj:t'x?sf] hfgsf/L lbg] / ;xsf/Lsf] gfddf x'g] ck|fs[lts lqmofsnfksf lj?4 va/bf/L ub}{ cfd hgtfnfO{ ;';'lrt ug]{ nIo adf]lhd cf=j=@)&)÷&! df ;xsf/Lsf] Oltxf; emNsg] u/L cfd >f]tfnfO{ hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{ p4]Zon] ;xsf/L ljut / at{dfg gfds a[Qlrq lgdf{0f / k|;f/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

;+:yfut ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd M ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf lgsfox?sf] ;+:yfut Pj+ ef}lts kIf lgs} sdhf]/ /x]sf] sf/0f tL sfof{nox?df sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfddf pTk|]l/t ;d]t u/fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . o; kl/k]|Iodf b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfngsf lgldQ cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf cfk'lt{ u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|lqmofnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg' h?/L ePsf] 5 . o;} qmddf ljefu / cGt{utsf sfof{nox?sf nflu cfjZos Go'gtd ef}lts k'jf{wf/ ;]jfx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkg u/L sfd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfs{lift ug'{sf ;fy} sfof{no ;+rfngdf ;d]t ;'udtf Nofpg k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . cf=j= @)&)÷&! df l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iffsf] sfof{no ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfd ;DkGg ePsf] / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xLsf] sfof{no ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfdsf] nflu df6f] kl/If0f ;DkGg u/L af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ sfd ;DkGg eO{ ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .

41

kmlg{r/ tyf lkmSr;{ vl/bM cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L ljefu, s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no lrtjg, sf:sL, afFs] / s}nfnLdf 5fqfjf; tyf sfo{nosf] nflu cfjZos kmlg{r/ -s'rL{, ;f]kmf, b/fh, 6]a'n, kmfOn SofjLg]6 cflb_ vl/b ul/Psf] lyof] .

tLg jlif{o cGtl/d of]hgf -@)&)÷&!–@)&@÷&#_ t]x|f} of]hgfdf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df @@% j6f ;fgf, # j6f demf}nf ;xsf/L pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug]{ nIf jdf]lhd cf=j= @)&)÷&! df dx–!, lrof–!, b'Uw–!, slkm–!, pv'–!, cb'jf–!, dlxnf÷vfB–&, df5f–@, blnt–#, kz'kfng–@% -ufO{, afv|f, e]8f / a+u'/_ ;d]tsf $# j6f ;xsf/L pBdsf] nflu d]lzg/L cf}hf/ nufot k'lhut vr{ tkm{ ? !,##,)) xhf/ cg'bfg lbg] sfd ePsf] lyof] .

s[lif hGo ;xsf/L k|zf]wg pBf]usf] :yfkgf cg'bfgM

dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf 4f/f ;+rflnt ;;fgf & j6f vfB k|zf]wg pBdsf] nflu ?=!&,)) xhf/ cg'bfg lbg] sfd ePsf] lyof] .

dlxnf ;xsf/L 4f/f vfB k|zf]wg pBf]usf] :yfkgf cg'bfgM

;xsf/L s[lif kmfd{ :yfkgf cg'bfgM ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? 4f/f :yflkt ufO{, afv|f / a+u'/ kmfd{ ;+rfngsf] nflu @% j6f ;+:yfx?nfO{ ?=*$,)) xhf/ cg'bfg ljt/0f eof] .

Gog'gtd @% j6f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? ldn]/ ljsf;If]qut ?kdf lzte08f/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfj]bg u/]df ;DefAotfsf] cfwf/df k|To]s ljsf;If]qdf !.! j6f zLte08f/sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'n k'FhLut nfutsf] %)Ü ;Dd cg'bfg lbg] nIo lnPsf]df cf=j= )&).&! df dWodf~rnsf] lrtjg lhNnfdf :yflkt lrtjg rgf}nL ;xsf/L zLt

;xsf/L zLte08f/ :yfkgf cg'bfgM

42

e08f/sf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu ? &%,)) xhf/ ;d]t xfn ;Dd ? !,#&,%) xhf/ a/fa/sf] k'FhLUft cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{Psf] lyof] .

blntsf] k/Dk/fut k]zfsf] cfw'lgs/0fsf] nflu k'+hLut cg'bfg M

blntx?sf] k/Dk/fut k]zf dWo] 5fnfsf] sfd ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf–! / l;nfO{ s6fO{sf] sfd ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf–@ u/L hDdf # j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] nflu ? *,)) xhf/ k'+hLut cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] sfd ;DkGg eof] . /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f cg'bfg M

/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu cf=j=)^&.^* df ? (& nfv *% xhf/, cf=j= )^*.^( df ? ! s/f]8, cf=j= @)^(÷&) df ?= @ s/f]8, cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ? !,)),)) xhf/ j/fj/sf] cg'bfg /sd ejg lgdf0f{ tkm{ e'QmfgL ePsf]n] xfn ;Dd /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f tkm{ ? $ s/f]8 (& nfv *% xhf/ e'QmfgL eO{ ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

;xsf/L ljefu kl/;/ ;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg M cf=j= )&).&! df s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| / ;xsf/L ljefusf] kl/;/nfO{ Jojl:yt u/fp+g] sfd ePsf] 5 . sfo{fnosf] jftfj/0f ;'Gb/ / k|efjsf/L agfpg kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ul/Psf] xf] . ;xsf/L ljefudf yk sIf lgdf{0f / kl/;/sf] 9n dd{t ;'wf/ u/L ef}lts jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ ug{, sfof{no ;'/Iff ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ljefu÷s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bf]nvf, pbok'/, df]/ª, g'jfsf]6, kfNkf, bfª, a}t8L, s~rgk'/ / ;=k|=l8=sf= sf:sLsf] kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ePsf] lyof] .

43

;xsf/L tYof+s Joj:yfkg Pj+ k|ltj]bg k|sfzg M

k|To]s lhNnfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf ljleGg k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ;+Vof, ;b:o ;+Vof -dlxnf÷k'?if_, z]o/k'Flh, art kl/rfng, nufgL / k|ToIf /f]huf/L nufot cGo sf/f]jf/x?sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L tL clen]vnfO{ sDKo'6/s[t (Computerised) ug{] sfo{ ;xsf/L ljefun] cWofjlws ?kdf ub}{ cfPsf]5 . k|To]s l8lehg sfof{nodf ;'rgfx?nfO{ cBfjlws u/L ;xsf/L tYof+s ;DaGwL lhNnf k|f]kmfOn k|sfzg ug{'sf ;fy} hfu/0f k|sfzg sfo{nfO{ lgoldt t'NofO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|j4{g tyf lgodg sfo{df ;xof]u h'6fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . ;'rgfsf] If]qdf ljleGg l8lehg sfof{nosf] kx'FrnfO{ ;'ud t'Nofpg / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg of] sfo{ h?/L dx;'; ePsf] 5 . lhNnfn] cBfjlws u/]sf] tYof+sx?nfO{ ljefuaf6 Plss[t u/L clen]vsf] ?kdf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s k|sflzg ug]{ of]hgf cg';f/ ut;fn s} lg/Gt/ sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{no lg/LIf0f / ;+3÷;+:yf tyf cg'bfg k|fKt kl/of]hgf cg'udg M ;xsf/L P]g @)$* n] ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] btf{, ljlgod ;+zf]wg, vf/]hL nufotsf sfo{x? ug{ ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ jf /lhi6«f/n] tf]s]sf] clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg x'g ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf ;Dk'0f{ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nodf clws[tsf] kbk'lt{ x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f ;]jfu|fxLsf] lgldQ ;j{;'ne ?kdf ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;]jf lbg g;lsPsf] kl/k|]Iodf ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;]jfnfO{ 3'lDt 6f]nL dfk{mt ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] dx;'z u/L cf=a= @)&)÷&! df ljefujf6 / cfjZostf cg';f/ l8lehg sfof{nojf6 clws[t ;lxtsf] 6f]nL ;DjlGwt :yfgdf uO{ ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;]jf lbg] p2]Zon] k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx?jf6 &% k6s ljleGg l8lehg sfof{nox?sf] lg/LIf0f tyf kl/of]hgf cg'udgsf] sfd ePsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg M— cf=j=@)&)÷&! df art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ %)) 7'nf ;xsf/L -?= % s/f]8 eGbf a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf_ ;+:yfx? ;3g cg'udg u/L ;xsf/L ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ ug{] sfo{qmd adf]lhd sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf

44

@@# j6f / pkTosf aflx/ !(% u/L hDdf $!* j6f ;+:yfsf] cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg], k|ltj]bg pk/ 5nkmn u/fpg] / ;'emfj lbg] sfd ePsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ;'rgf k|;f/0f Pj+ k|sfzg M s= ;xsf/L ;DaGwL >Jo÷b[io ;fdfu|L k|zf/0f ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ljleGg k|sf/sf ;Gb]zd'ns /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehg ;Gb]zx? cfly{s jif{ )&)÷&! df @! k6s k|zf/0f ug]{ nIo /flvPsf]df ljut cf=j= df lgdf{0f ePsf] ;xsf/L x'G5 hxf+ ljsf; x'G5 Toxf+, bfh'efO{ / bfOhf] gfds 6]lnrnlrq ;d]t k|zf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn 6]lnlehg / /u/dfyf 6]lnlehgaf6 cn Go'h Kofs]h sfo{qmd cGt/ut b}lgs qmdzM !) k6s / !$ k6s bz÷bz lbg ;Dd hDdf @$) k6s ;xsf/L k|j4{g tyf lbodg ljifos ;fj{hlgs ;]jf pb\3f]if k|zf/0f ePsf] ;fy} kk'n/ d]l8of P08 OG6/6]gd]G6 k|f=ln=af6 sflnsf, uf]/vf, d]/f] / :6f/ Pkm=Pd=af6 ;xsf/L lgodg / ;'zf;g ;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs ;]jf pb\3f]if -lhËn_ !% lbg ;Dd lbgsf] $ k6s k|zf/0f ug]{ u/L hDdf ^) k6s ;xsf/L ;Gb]z k|zf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L pHofnf] () Pkm=Pd= dfkm{t b]ze/ ;'Gg ;lsg] u/L #) lbg ;Dd b}lgs b'O{ k6s hDdf ^) k6s ;xsf/L k|j4{g tyf lgodg ljifos ;fj{hlgs pb\3f]if k|zf/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k|sf/sf ;Gb]zd'ns ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|zf/0fjf6 cfd gfu/Lsx?df ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;r]tgf clej[l4 eO{ ;xsf/L k|ltsf]] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;d]t ;sf/fTds jgfpg ;xof]u k'u]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5, . To;} u/L ;xsf/LsdL{x?nfO{ ;+:yf ;+rfngsf] ljifodf yk hfgsf/L tyf ;'rgf k|fKt eO{ ;xsf/L efjgfsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'u]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] k|efj ;sf/fTds g} /x]sf] sf/0f cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t ;xsf/L ljefusf] lgodgfTds / k|j4{gsf/L e'ldsf jxg ug{ ;xfos x'g] u/L of] sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;+rfng ul/b} cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

v= kq klqsf dfk{mt ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ;'rgf k|sfzg

;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;'rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx?sf] k|jfx lgoldt ?kdf x'g ;s]df g} ;xsf/L lgodgdf k|efjsf/Ltf cfpg ;Sg] tYonfO{ dWogh/ /fvL ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ljleGg k|s[ltsf ;'rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx?nfO{ kq

45

klqsfdf k|sflzt ug]{ sfo{qmd ut cf=j= b]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf x'b}+ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lglb{i6 u/]sf /fli6«o :t/sf b}lgs kq klqsfdf tyf :yfgLo kq klqsfdf ;'rgf k|sflzt oL ;'rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx?sf] kxF'r ;d]t /fli6«o :t/df u/fpg ;xof]u k'Ug] ePsf]n] ;xsf/L ljefusf] tk{mjf6 k|rf/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifox?nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{ p2]Zon] cf=j= )&)÷&! df of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ljefujf6 #^ k6s / l8lehg sfof{nojf6 !%@ k6s ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf hf/L ePsf] lyof] .

If]qLo:t/df jh]6 th'{df tyf ;xsf/L ;'rgf Joj:yfkg ljlw / pkof]u ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof÷5nkmn M Joj:yfksLo sfo{sf] sfo{s'zntfsf] cfwf/ xf] ;'rgf Joj:yfkg . ;xL ;'rgfsf] Joj:yfkgn] gLltut lg0f{o ug{ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df cfjZos ;'rgfx? k|jflxt ug{ d2t k'Ub5 . ;xsf/L ;DjGwL tYout Pj+ ;'rgfn] ;xsf/L k|0ffnL dfk{mt eP u/]sf sfo{sf] of]ubfg ;d]t d'NofÍg ug'{sf ;fy} sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;d]t of]ubfg k'Ug] lglZrt 5 . o; k|sf/sf ;'rgfx?sf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{nox?n] ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{ k|s[ltsf ;'rgf Pj+ tYofËx?nfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg] / tLgsf] pkof]u ug]{ Ifdtf ;d]t clej[l4 ug]{ k|of]hgsf lgldQ clw/fHosf kfFr ljsf; If]q ;d]l6g] u/L ;DalGwt ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf ;xsf/L ;+3 P+j ;+:yf ;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTjdf rf/j6f ah]6 sfo{qmd th{'df tyf ;xsf/L ;'rgf ljlw ljifos If]qLo uf]i7L cfof]hgf / ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

;xsf/L] k|j4{g ljifos cGt/lqmof -uf]i7L_ g]kfndf s[lif pTkfbg, pTkfbsTj Pj+ jhf/Ls/0fsf] lgldQ s[ifsx?s} ;xeflutf / Joj:Yffkgdf ;+rfng x'g] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? k|efjsf/L x'g] / pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|j4{g u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf gful/sx?sf lgldQ jhf/ Joj:yfkg tyf ;+u7gfTds kIfsf jf/]df ;xsf/L ;DjGwL efjL lqmofsnfk / e'ldsfnfO{ j[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . /fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt @)^( / /fli6«o s[lif gLlt @)^! n] ;xsf/L pBd ljsf; tyf Jofj;flos s[lifsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos kIfx?sf] clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd /fv]sf] ;Gb{edf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsf/Ltf clej[4L ub}{ ;xsf/L v]lt k|j4{gsf lgldQ cfjZos kIfx?sf] klxrfg / ljsf;sf nflu cGt{/fli6«o If]qsf] cg'ej ;d]tsf cfwf/df gofF gLlt tyf sfo{qmd

46

th'{df ug{ ;xfos x'g] ck]Iff ;lxt s]Gb|Lo tyf ;xsf/L ;+3 / ;xsf/L kqsf/ ;dfh ;xsfo{df tyf ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1x?sf] ;+nUgtfdf ;xsf/Lsf] e'ldsf ljifos Pslbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ;xsfo{df Ps lbg] ';xsf/Ldf Ifdtf ljsf;' ljifos cGt{lqmof uf]i7L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

47

jflif{s ;ldIff uf]i7L M ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ ug]{ / :t/ clej[l4 ug{ cfk;df ;Dafb a9fpb} ;xsf/L ultljlwsf] ;+rfng / k|j4{gdf sfod /x]sf] ljefuLo gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L lbO{ :yfgLo :t/df b]lvPsf sld÷sdhf]/Lx? ;'wf/ u/L sfo{df k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg'sf ;fy} ljefuLo sfo{qmd / gLltsf af/]df ;d]t hfgsf/L lbnfpg] / ljutsf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;ldIff u/L efjL sfo{qmdsf] :t/ a[l4 ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu lgoldt sfo{qmd s} :j?kdf k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

;xsf/L ;DaGwL P]g, lgod / sfo{ljlwsf d:of}bf lgdf{0f M ;xsf/L If]qsf] Aoj;flos sf/f]jf/ ltj| ultdf ?kdf cufl8 a9b} uPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] sf/f]jf/sf] cfwf/df 7'nf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojl:y tug{ ;xsf/L cg'udg sfo{ljlwsf] d:of}bf, ;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$( sf] ;+zf]wg d:of}bf tof/ ul/Psf] / :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ePsf] lyof] .

;xsf/L ;'rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwL ;km\6jo]/ vl/b M g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds j[l4sf] t'ngfdf u'0ffTds j[l4 x'g g;s]sf] ;Gbe{df ljefusf ljleGg zfvfx?aLr ;'rgf g]6 jls{ª / ljefusf] sfo{ k4ltdf kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fy} ;xsf/L ljefusf] Website ck8]6, xf]l:6ª / ljB'tLo xflh/L ;+aGwL d]zLg vl/b ul/Psf] lyof] . gd'gf lhNNff ;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{qmdM o; sfo{qmd cGt/ut ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:Yffx?sf] ;xeflutfdf 3gs'6f, bf]nvf, kfNkf, /f]Nkf, s~rgk'/ / a}t8L lhNnfdf cGt/lqmof uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/L :yfgLo If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] cj;/ / ;Defjgfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .

;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7g Aoj:yfkg ;e]{If0fM ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds j[l4sf] t'ngfdf ;]jf k|bfos ;/sf/L

48

lgsfox?sf] ;+Vof cToGt Go'g dxz'; ePsf]n] ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] ;+u7g / Aopj:yfkg ;e]{If0f ug]{sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd M–

;xsf/Ltfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ hLjg k4tLsf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ k/Dk/f / /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf; / ;LdfGt tx ;Dd cfly{s lqmofsnfk k|jflxt ug{ dxTjk'0f{ dfWodsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o hLjgsf k|To]s If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] efjgfnfO{ d't{ ?k lbg] k|of; ePs} ;Gbe{df g]kfndf ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngn] ljlwjt ?kdf ;+:yfut ?k lnPsf] r}q @) ut]nfO{ ;xsf/L sld{x?;+usf] ;xeflutf Pj+ ;dGjodf ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{, ;xsf/Ltfsf] efjgfsf jf/]df Jofks k|;f/ ÷k|;f/ ug]{ pb]Zon] k|:t't sfo{qmd b]z e/ ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/L k|j4{g tyf hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k':ts tyf k|ltj]bg k|sfzg M

;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof qmdzM a9\b} u}/x]sf] s'/f cWoogaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]qdf ;+nUg ;b:o ;+Vof klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L k|ltsf] hfu?stfsf sf/0f gofF ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? :yfkgf x'g] tyf k'/fgf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? klg k|efjsf/L jGg] qmd j9\b} uPsf] 5 . cfd gful/sx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? tyf o;df ;+nUg ;b:ox?n] lgefpg' kg]{ e'ldsf Pj+ o;nfO{ s'zntfk'j{s ;+rfng ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ ljlw tyf ;xsf/L k|0ffnLdf x'g ;Sg] b'?kof]usf] ;+efjgfnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf gfu/Lsx?df tT;DaGwL ;r]tgf tyf hfu?stf l;h{gf ug]{ k|s[ltsf k':ts, a'n]l6g, d'vkq, k|ltj]bg, k'l:tsf, hfgsf/L ljj/0f, lnkmn]6 cflb k|sfzg ug]{ p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . cf=j= @)&)÷&! df jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg, ;xsf/L ;r]tgf k'l:tsf, ;xsf/L ;b:o lzIff dfnf, ;xsf/L bk{0f, ;xsf/L tYofÍ, c+u|]hL÷g]kfnL kmf]N8/, ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf btf{ ;+rfng, n]vf kl/If0f, cg'udg tyf lgodg ;+aGwL dfkb08, ;xsf/L P]g, lgod / dfkb08 ;+ufnf] @)&), g]kfnsf] ;xsf/Lsf] kl/ro ljifos c+u|]hL k'l:tsf cflb ;d]t * j6f k|sfzgx? k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof] .

49

;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf cg'udg÷kN;{ cg'udg tfnLd sfo{qmd M ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t xfn s'n %($ sd{rff/Lx?sf] b/jGbL /x]sf] 5 . oL b/jGbLx? dWo] ax';+Vos sd{rf/Lx? g]kfn k|zf;g ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . oL sd{rf/Lx?sf] k'0f{ kl/rfng ljgf ;xsf/L ultljlwsf] k|efjsfl/tf clea[l4 x'g ;Sb}g . ;xsf/L ljefudf hgzlQm ljsf;;+u ;DalGwt sfo{qmdsf] cefjdf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfslif{t tyf pTk|]l/t ug{ / l:yfloTj sfod u/fpg g;lsPsf] ;Gb{edf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ljifodf tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] v08df pgLx?sf] sfo{ bIftfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 . s'zn / k|lzlIft hgzlQm g} ;+u7gsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/ ePsf] tYonfO{ dWo]gh/ /flv ;xsf/L ljefu÷s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ljleGg txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/L cf=j= @)&)÷&! df !% lbj;Lo ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] cg'udg÷kN;{ cg'udg tfnLd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f sfo{qmd M– ljutdf ljleGg ldq/fi6«x?sf] tk{maf6 k|fKt x'g] 5fqa[lQsf] dfqf / ;+Vofdf ;d]t s6f}tL ePsf] b[ionfO{ dWo]gh/ /fVbf ;xsf/Ltf ;DaGwL tflnd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] cj;/ xfn c;fWo} Go'g /x]sf] 5 . s'zn / k|lzlIft hgzlQm g} ;+u7gsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] cfwf/ ePsf] tYonfO{ dWo]gh/ /fVb} ;xsf/L ljefun] cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ljifodf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cWoog k|bfg ug{ j}b]lzs e|d0fsf] nflu k|:t't sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o; cf=j=df >Ldfg\ /lhi6«f/ Ho'af6 ;xsf/L ljefusf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ j]nfot, blIf0f clk|msf, dn]lzof / ef/tsf] e|d0f ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} u/L dGqfnosf] cfof]hgfdf ljefu tyf cGt/utsf sfof{nosf kbflwsf/Lx?af6 ljb]z e|d0f ePsf] lyof] .

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox? ;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{t #* j6f ;xsf/L sfof{nox? ;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g . tL dWo] % j6f ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfo{no / ## j6f l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox? /x]sf 5g\ . ljefu cGtu{tsf pNn]lvt lgsfox?af6 cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;+rfng ePsf sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] lyof] .

50

-s_ ;d'x ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf k'j{ ;xsf/L lzIff sfo{qmd M ut cf=j=)&)÷&! df ljleGg k|s[ltsf ;d'xx?nfO{ tfnLdsf] dfWodaf6 ;xsf/Ls/0f ug]{ sfo{qmd /x] adf]lhd *)* j6f ;d'xx?nfO{ k'j{ ;xsf/L lzIff tflnd ;+rfng u/L ;xsf/Ls/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmd cGt{ut s[lif, kz', dlxnf ljsf;, ag, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, :yfgLo ljsf;, ul/aL lgjf/f0f sf]if, u}/;/sf/L lgsfo cflb If]qjf6 k|jl4{t ljleGg k|sf/sf ;d'xx?nfO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf cfj4 ug{ pTk]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] #* j6f l8lehg sfof{no dfkm{t &% lhNnfdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{] sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmdaf6 @) xhf/ eGbf a9L JolQmx? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . -v_ ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tfsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfsx? jLrsf]

cGt{lqmof M

;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg lhNnfdf /x]sf n]vfk/Lifsx? aLr cGtlqmof uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf cKgfpg' kg]{ dfkb08sf] jf/]df 5nkmn ug{] p2]Zon] g]kfn /fHo e/sf #* j6f ;xsf/L sfof{nox?df o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #* :yfgdf cGt{lqmof uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . u_ ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / ;dGjosf] nflu ;xsf/L sdL{x? jLrsf] cGt{lqmofM

;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / ;'zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg lhNnfdf /x]sf ;xsf/L sdL{x? aLr cGtlqmof uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / Aoj:yfkgdf cKgfpg' kg]{ gLlt tyf dfkb08sf] jf/]df 5nkmn ug{] p2]Zon] g]kfn /fHo e/sf #* j6f ;xsf/L sfof{nox?df o; k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #* :yfgdf dfq cGt{lqmof ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . -3_ :yfgLo nfO{g Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/Lx?;Fusf] cGt{lqmof uf]i7L M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no cGt/ut ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yx?sf] ;xsfo{ / ;xeflutfdf cGt/ lhNnf cWoog e|d0fsf] zLnzLnfdf ;kmn ;xsf/Lx?sf] e|d0f u/L cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{s|d #* j6} l8lehgjf6 ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

51

-ª_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] P]lss/0f btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnlSj8]zg M

o; cGt{ut ljleGg l8lehg sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g ;'b[9 ug]{ p2]Zo adf]lhd #)( ;xsf/L ;+3÷;:+yfx?sf] Plss/0f, btf{ vf/]hL / lnSjL8]zg–ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @* j6f Plss/0f, $&% j6f ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL / !) j6f ;+:yfsf] lnSjL8]zg ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . -r_ ;xsf/L lbj; M

k|To]s l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;xsf/L lbj;sf ljleGg tf]lsPsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd adf]lhd cf=j= )&)÷&! df #* j6} ;xsf/L sfof{nox?af6 ;xsf/L cleofgsdL{x?;Fu ;d]t ;dGjo u/L ;xsf/L lbj; dgfpg] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

-5_ cg'udg lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg M

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no cGt{ut ljleGg lhNnfdf u7g ePsf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg / lg/LIf0f u/L ;'emfj ;lxt k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ sfo{qmd /x] adf]lhd cf=j= )&)÷&! df &*&* j6f ;+:yfx?sf] lg/LIf0f cg'udg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df &&#* ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

-h_ hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / Pkm=Pd=k|zf/0f M

;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 ;xsf/L ;r]tgf ;DaGwL ljleGg hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / k|zf/0f u/L ;xsf/L lzIff ;'rgf / ;+rf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ nIo adf]lhd !!$ j6f ljleGg hfu/0f ;fdfu|Lx? k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f / Pkm=Pd=k|;f/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

52

-em_ ;xsf/L lgodgsf] nflu ;'rgf k|sfzg M ;xsf/L ;DalGw ljleGg ;'rgf / hfgsf/Lx? k|sfzg u/L ;xsf/L lzIff / ;+rf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd adf]lhd !%@ k6s ;'rgf k|sfzg sfo{s|d /x]sf]df ljleGg #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?jf6 !$( j6f ljleGg ;'rgfx? k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] . -`_ ;xsf/L ;'rgf Aoj:yfkg u/L k|f]kmfOn tof/ ug]{ M

o; sfo{qmd cGt{ut #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]q leq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] lhNnfut tYofÍ ;lxtsf] k|f]kmfon tof/ ug]{ sfo{qmd ;d]t /x]sf]df #* j6f l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 k|f]kmfO{n tof/ ug]{ sfd k'/f ePsf] lyof] .

-6_ ;xsf/L lzIff / tflnd M

;xsf/L If]q ;'b'9Ls/0f cfof]hgf cGt/ut ## j6f l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nojf6 cf=j= @)&)÷&! df b]xfo cg';f/sf tfnLdx? ;+rfng ePsf lyP M 1= ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd

g]kfndf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? lbgfg'lbg j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} ;b:o ;+Vofdf klg j[l4 e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;xsf/L tflnd sfo{qmd k|ofKt gePsf] / tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ klg nfut ;xeflutfd'lv ug{ / ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ubf{ ckgTjsf] cg'e'lt e} sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g], ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] lzIff sf]ifsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Jooef/ ;d]t sd ub}{ eljiodf pgLx?nfO{ g} ;zlQms/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf] sfo{qmddf ;+:yfaf6 sfo{of]hgf ;lxt tflnd dfu e} cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] / ;+:yfsf] ; d]t of]ubfg /xg] u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ dgfl;j x'g] p2]Zo adf]lhd !*$ j6f ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df !&& j6fsf tflnd ;DkGg eO{ $$@% hgf ;xsf/LsdL{x? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . 2= ;xsf/L ;]rtgf tfnLd M

53

lhNnf:t/df lbOg] ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflndsf] nlIft ;+Vof @%* /x]sf]df @%& j6f tfnLd ;+rfng eO{ ^$@% hgf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . of]] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljifout lgsfox?, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 Pj+ ljifout ;+3;+u ;d]t ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . -7_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xL / wg'iffsf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd z'? ePsf]df l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iffsf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] / l8=;=sf= ;nf{xLsf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0fdf k|lqmofut r/0fx? k'/f ug{ nfdf] ;do nfu]sf]n] cf=j= )&!÷&@ df lgdf{0f sfd cuf8L a9fpg] u/L af]nkq cfXjfgsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

54

$=@ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| -#!@!##–#÷$_ k[i7e'ld M ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] k|d'v p2]Zo ;xsf/L lzIff / k|lzIf0fsf] dfWodaf6 ;xsf/Ldf ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ xf] . o; ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfn b]lv g} ;xsf/L lzIff tyf tflnd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L If]q tyf jftfj/0fdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g;+u} tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ k4ltdf ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? vf]n]/ ;f] dfkm{t Joj;flos sfd sf/f]jf/ ug]{ k4ltdf s]xL jif{ otf ljsf; x'+b} cfPsf] x'gfn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vofdf lbgfg'lbg j[l4 x'+b} uO/x]sf] 5 . o;} tYonfO{ dWogh/ u/L o; ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|nfO{ s]GbLo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df kl/0ft u/L b]zsf cGo ljleGg 5 lhNnfdf ;d]t ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no :yfkgf u/L pRrtxsf tflndx? s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df k|f/lDes tflndx? ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng x'g] / r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx? l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .

o;/L ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ;+rflnt ljleGg tflnd sfo{qmd cGtu{t bL3{sflng s[lif ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;d]t d2t k'Ug] u/L s[ifsx?sf] cfly{s lxtnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf, jx'pb]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf, dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf h:tf ;xsf/L ;d'xsf ;+rfns÷Joj:yfks tyf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;r]tgf tyf cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd k|bfg ug]{ sfo{qmd /fVb} cfPsf] 5 .

oL sfo{qmdsf] ljleGg ;dodf ul/Psf] cWoogaf6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sf/f]jf/df ljljlws/0f d'gfkmf cfh{g Ifdtfdf j[l4 / Joj;flos ;f]rsf] ljsf; e} ;sf/fTds l:yltsf] ;+s]t ;d]t b]vfk/]sf] 5 . o; cltl/Qm lbgfg'lbg j9\b} uPsf jx'd'vL Pj+ jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf Joj:yfksx?nfO{ cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd / Joj;fo k|j4{g tflnd klg ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf pkef]Qmf tyf z]o/xf]N8/x?sf] lxt ;+/If0fdf ;r]ttf Nofpg k|lzIf0fnfO{ 3'DtL ?kdf klg ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf j9]sf] 5 . ;fy} s[lif ;xsf/LnfO{ jhf/Ls/0f ug]{tkm{ Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ dx;'; e} o; s]Gb|sf] tflnd kf7\oqmdx?df ;dofg';f/ ;'wf/ ub}{ nluPsf] 5 . cg'udg kIfnfO{ ;zQm / ;'b[9 ug{ ;xsf/Ldf sfo{/t hgzlQmnfO{ n]vf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Ifd

55

t'Nofpg n]vfkfng tflnd / ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;r]tgf tyf tflnd klg ;+rfng x'+b} cfPsf] 5 / cfufdL jif{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . k|lzIf0f lbg] qmddf ;Dj4 sd{rf/Lsf] bIftf / Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ klg cfjZos x'G5 . ;f] sf] nflu ;xsf/L ljefu / k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflndsf dfWodaf6 k|lzIf0f ;Lk ljsf; ug]{ / cWoog cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/L tflnd kf7\oqmd / kf7of]hgf kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{ klg lg/Gt/tf lb+b} cfO/x]sf] 5 .

p2]Zo o; s]Gb|sf] d'Vo p2]Zo, ;xsf/L If]qdf ;+nUg /x]sf kbflwsf/Lx?, Joj:yfks / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;Lk, 1fg / Jojxf/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg tflnd / cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm s]Gb|sf] p2]Zox? b]xfo jdf]lhd 5g\M

s_ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox?df Joj;flos ;f]rsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

v_ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;+nUg kbflwsf/Lx?sf] Joj:yfksLo Ifdtfdf clea[l4 ug]{ .

u_ ;xsf/L lzIffsf] dfWoaf6 ;xsf/Lsf ;j{dfGo l;4fGt gLlt nufot sfd st{Jo / sfo{If]qsf] jf/]df ;r]ttf hufO{ ;f]xL cg';f/ ;+:yf ;+rfng ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ .

gLlt tyf /0fgLlt

1= ;xsf/L Joj;fodf ;+nUg /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf Joj:yfksx?nfO{ s]Gb|:t/df tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .

2= ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns ;b:ox?nfO{ If]q:t/df tflnd ;+rfng ug]{,

3= cfwf/e't txdf ;+rfng x'g] tflndx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L / k|lzIffyL{ s]Gb|Lt jgfpg tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/ ug]{ .

4= ljleGg ;d'xx?nfO{ ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodåf/f Joj;flos s[ofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g ;xsf/L lzIff ;DjGwL tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ .

5= ;xsf/L tflnd / cg';Gwfgdf bIftf Nofpg s]Gb|sf k|lzIfsx?, lhNnfsf clws[tx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .

56

cf=j=@)&).&! df ;+rflnt k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?M 1= clws[t:t/ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd -15 lbg]_ M ;xsf/L If]qdf

sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?df ;xsf/L n]vf ;DjlGwt Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL ;xfos:t/df Pp6f tflnd ;+rfng ul/of] . of] tflnd !% sfo{ lbgsf] /x]sf] lyof] . o; tflnddf clws[t:t/sf @% hgf ;xefuLnfO{ k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ul/of] .

2= ;xfos:t/ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd -!% lbg]_ M ;xsf/L If]qdf sfo{/t ;xfos:t/sf sd{rf/Lx?df k|lzIf0f Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{]{ p2]Zo /fvL ;xfos:t/df Pp6f tflnd lbg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd !% sfo{ lbgsf] x'g] u/L ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . of] tflnddf ;xfos:t/sf @% hgf ;xefuLnfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] .

3= pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|jå{g tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Joj;flos bIftf j[lå eO{ pTkfbgdf ;d]t j[lå eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf jhf/ 1fgsf] cefjdf pgLx? cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf] ljqmL ljt/0f / jhf/Ls/0fdf k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\ . ctM ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns / Joj:yfksdf ;xsf/L Joj;fo tyf jhf/ ;DjGwL 1fgsf] clej[lå ug{ of] tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . of] tflnd, Joj;flostfdf cfPsf ;xsf/L ;+rfnsx?nfO{ s]Gb|Lt u/L pRr:t/sf] ;Lk / 1fg k|bfg u/Lg] u/L ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . of] tflnd !) sfo{ lbgsf] x'g] u/L @ j6f tflnddf %) hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

4= Joj:yfkg ;Lk ljsf; tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf Joj:yfksx?df ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+rfng ubf{ cfO{kg]{ sfof{no Joj:yfkg, sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg, clen]v Joj:yfkg, n]vf Joj:yfkg cflbsf] Kofs]h jgfO{ k|lzIf0f lbOg]5 . o;df !% sfo{

lbgsf] x'g] u/L 2 j6f tflnddf %) hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

5= /0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL tflndM ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns tyf Joj:yfksx?nfO{ ;DjlGwt ;xsf/Lx?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] nflu ;f]r, /0fgLlt, nIf, p2]Zo nufotsf] of]hgf k|s[of ;DjGwL ljifosf] k|lzIf0f lbg] nIo ;lxt !) sfo{ lbgsf] /0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL # j6f tflnddf &% hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

6= ;xsf/Ldf Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd M lhNnf ;+3x?df

57

sfo{/t ;+rfns kbflwsf/Lx? / Joj:yfksx?nfO{ ;DjlGwt ljifosf] Joj;flos g]t[Tj ;Lk k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] of] tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . of] tflnd !) sfo{ lbgsf] x'g] u/L @ j6f tflnddf %) hgf ;xeflux?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

7= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof lbg k|ltlbg j[lå x'+b} uO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/åf/f ;+rflnt tflndn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;fx|} ;fgf] lx:;f dfq cf]u6\g ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . sltko ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\g} ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/L tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/ pgLx?;+u /fd|f k|lzIfsx?sf] cefj 5 . To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;+rfns÷ Joj:yfksx?nfO{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|bfg u/L pgLx?dfkm{t ;xsf/L tflnd k|bfg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] dg;fon] !% sfo{ lbg sfod u/L !) j6f k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd ;+rfng u/L @%) hgf ;xeflunfO{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 Pj+ s]lGb|o ;+3sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dGjo u/L k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

8= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd M ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;+VofTds j[lå x'+b} uO/x]sf] ePtf klg o;sf] u'0ffTds ljsf; k5fl8 k/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/åf/f ;+rflnt tflndn] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;fx|} ;fgf] lx:;f dfq cf]u6\g ;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;+rfns÷Joj:yfksx?nfO{ Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd k|bfg u/L pgLx?dfkm{t ;xsf/L tflnd k|bfg ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] dg;fon] & j6f ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd cfof]hgf u/L !&% hgf ;xeflunfO{ ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd lbg] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

9= ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vfkfng tfnLdM M ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;+rfns÷ Joj:yfksx?nfO{ k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|bfg u/L pgLx? dfkm{t ;xsf/L If]qdf tflnd k|bfg ug{ ;s'g eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy # j6f n]vf tyf Aoj:yfkg ljifos #) lbg] tfnLd ;+rfng ul/Psf] / o;jf6 &% hgf ;xeflux?n] k|lzIf0f k|lZfIf0f ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf lyP .

10= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLdM ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] n]vf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy tLg j6f ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd ;~rfng u/L &% hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ !) lbg] k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

58

11= ;xsf/L If]qsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k|j4{g / ljsf;M

• ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] tfnLd cfjZostf klxrfg cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . o;sf nflu ?= #)) xhf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cg';Gwfg u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] .

• tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/L tyf k|sfzg M o; ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|n] tflndsf] cltl/Qm ljleGg cWoog ;DjGwL k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|L, kf7\ok':tsx? tof/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 / eljiodf klg ub}{ hfg]5 . o;/L tof/ u/]sf k':ts, cWoogdfnfx? 5kfO{ u/L If]qLo k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tyf lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nox? dfkm{t ;xsf/LsdL{x?nfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] . ;xsfl/tf ;DjGwL k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg ug{sf nflu s'n ?= @^$ xhf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .

• tfnLd Dofg'cn k|sfzgM s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng ul/g] ljleGg tfnLd Kofs]hx?sf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ tfnLd Dofg'cn k|sfzg ul/Psf] lyof] .

• d'vkq -;xsf/L k'~h_ k|sfzgM s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] d'vkqsf] ?kdf jflif{s b'O{ c+s ;xsf/L k'~h ^÷^ dlxgfdf k|sflzt u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

!!= cg'udg÷d'Nof+sg÷k|ltj]bg sfo{qmd M ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd s]Gb|df dfq ;Lldt g/fvL If]q / lhNnf:t/af6 ;d]t ;+rfng ug]{ gLlt cg'?k ;=k|=l8=sf= % / l8=;=sf= ## ;d]t hDdf #* sfof{nox?af6 k|lzIf0fsf] sfd x'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;/L lhNnf:t/df tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]/ dfq gk'uL ;f] tflnd sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g ;s]df dfq pQm tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf x'g ;Sg]5 . o; jfx]s To:tf sfof{nox?df ;od ;oddf e|d0f u/L k|ltj]bg ;d]t k|fKt ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . o;} tYonfO{ dWogh/ /fvL lhNnf:t/sf tflndsf] cg'udg ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfo{nox?df tfnLd cg'udg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 . !@= k':tsfno ;'b9Ls/0f sfo{qmd M ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df /x]sf ;Gbe{ k':ts tyf tfnLd ;fdu|Lx?sf nflu ?= ! nfv %) xhf/ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] . gof+ / kl/jt{g ;fk]If :jb]zL / ljb]zL

59

kf7\ok':tsx? cfjZos kg]{ / k':tsfnonfO{ ;do;fk]If cTofw'lgs jgfp+b} k':tsfnonfO{ ;d]t ;'b[4 ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL of] sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . !#= lgld{t ;fj{hlgs ;+klQ ;+ef/ vr{ -s]Gb|:t/_ M o; s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ef}lts ;+/rgf k'/fgf] eO{ lgoldt dd{tsf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf]n] ejgsf 5fgf, vfg]kfgL, 9n, tyf zf}rfnox?sf] dd{tsf nflu ?= #)) xhf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

If]qLo:t/ -;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no – %_ j6f ;+rflnt

tfnLd sfo{s|dx?

-!_ cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd -;xfos:t/_ jrt tyf C0f ;xsf/L, jx'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L, s[lif If]qdf cfwfl/t ;xsf/L cflb h:tf ljljw ljifodf cfwfl/t ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?nfO{ o; k|sf/sf] k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] . o:tf] k|lzIf0f If]qLo tfnLd s]Gb| dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/Psf]] lyof] . oL tflnd ;+rfng ubf{ /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3;+u cfj4 lhNnf ;+3x?df cfjZos ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . If]qLo:t/df lbOg] ^ lbg] of] tflnd hDdf @& j6f ;+rfng ul/Psf] / o;jf6 ^&% hgf ;xefuL nfeflGjt EPsf lyP .

-@_ cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd -;xfos:t/_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf Joj:yfks / n]vf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ of] tflnddf ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . tflnd ;+rfng ubf{ /fli6«o ;xs/L ;+3;+u cfj4 lhNnf ;+3x?df cfjZos ;dGjo u/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg If]qdf u/L #$ j6f tfnLd ;+rfng u/L hDdf *%) hgf ;xsf/Lsf Joj:yfks / n]vf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ tfnLd pknJw u/fOPsf] lyof] .

-#_ ljifout ;xsf/L Joj;fo clea[l4 tflnd -;xfos:t/_ ljleGg ljifout k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? btf{ ug]{ qmd j9\bf] /xsf] 5 . t/ ;+:yf btf{ eP cg';f/ ;xsf/L Joj;fosf] ljsf; eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; cj:yfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sdf] ljifout k|s[lt cg';f/ ;xsf/L Joj;fo clea[l4 ug{ ljifout ;xsf/L Joj;fo clea[l4 tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;

60

zLif{sdf % j6f tflnd ;+rfng u/L hDdf !@% hgf ;xsf/LsdL{x? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .

-$_ ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? lbgfg'lbg a[l4 eP cg'?k ;b:o ;+Vofdf klg a[l4 e}/x]sf] / tflnd sfo{qmd k|ofKt gePsf] ;Gbe{df tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ nfut ;xeflutfd'vL agfpg / ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ubf{ ckgTjsf] cg'e'lt e} sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g], ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] lzIff sf]ifsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Jooef/ ;d]t sd ub}{ nuL eljiodf pgLx?nfO{ g} ;zlQms/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf] sfo{qmddf ;+:yfaf6 sfo{of]hgf ;lxt tflnd dfu e} cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] / ;+:yfsf] ;d]t of]ubfg /xg] u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ dgfl;j x'g] x'Fbf cf=a= @)&)÷&! sf] nflu ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd sfo{qmd tkm{ @^ j6f tfnLdaf6 %%) hgf ;xsf/LsdL{x? nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .

-%_ clen]v Joj:yfkg tflnd ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;'rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;+:yfdf

sfo{/t ;+rfns / Joj:yfksx?nfO{ Jojl:yt clen]v /fVg] ;DjGwL ! lbg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . % j6f clen]v Aoj:yfkg tflnd ;+rfng u/L 125 hgfnfO{ tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

-^_ ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflnd ;xsf/L lzIffnfO{ cfd gful/sx? jLr k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ;xsf/L cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;+3 ;+:yfdf sfo{/t kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ Jojl:yt 1fg lbgsf nflu ;xsf/L ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . !( j6f tflnd af6 $%) hgfnfO{ tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

-&_ 5fqfjf; ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ M kfFr ljsf; If]qdf /x]sf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x?nfO{ :t/f]pGglt ub}{ hfg] p2]Zon] cfufdL cf=j= df ;DkGg x'g] lx;fjn] tfnLd xn ;lxtsf] 5fqfjf; ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfd z'? ePsf]df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL, s}nfnL / lrtjgsf] 5fqfjf; ejg ;DkGg ePsf] cj:yf 5 eg] cGo b'O{ If]q afFs] / ;'g;/Ldf 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fsf] sfd rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .

61

kl/R5]b–% ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] efl/t tyf ljQLo k|ult

%=! k[i7e'ld ;xsf/L ljefun] ;xsf/L P]g, lgod cg';f/ lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf cGt//fli6«o l;4fGt o;sf] kl/kfngf u/L d'No / dfGotfdf -Value based_ cfwfl/t ;xs/Ltfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu k|j4{gfTds sfo{ klg ;+u ;+u} nfu' ug'{ kb{5 eGg] dfGotf cg'?k ;xsf/L If]qdf cf=a= @)%^.%& b]lv ;xsf/L ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf cGtu{t ljsf; ah]6sf] ?kdf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] k|j4{gsf nflu ah]6sf] ljlgof]hg u/L tbg'?k ljleGg tflnd, lzIff / ;xsf/Ltfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu lgdf{0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg, lg/LIf0f, cg'udg nufottsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ul+/b} cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf ;j{k|yd @)!( ;fndf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf eO{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;'rgf / ;+rf/sf sfdx? x'b} cfPsf]df cf=j= @)^)÷)^! df ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+/rgf kl/jt{g kl5 kf+r ljsf; If]qdf kg]{ u/L kf+r j6f ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox? :yfkgf eO{ tfnLd tyf k|lzIf0fsf sfdx? x'b} cfPsf 5g . olx k/k|]Iodf cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ;xsf/L If]qdf lgDg lnlvt sfo{qmdx? ;+rflnt ePsf lyP . %=@ sfo{s|dut efl/t k|ult ;f/f+z

sfo{qmdsf] gfd ah]6 lzif{s efl/t k|ult

k|ltzt ljQLo k|ult

k|ltzt

;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf

#!@!#$–#÷$

90=87

93=54

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| #!@!##–#÷$ 99=49 99=28

;xsf/L ljefu #!@)!&–#÷$ – 99=15

;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{no #!@)!*–#÷$ – 94=00

dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sfo{s|d÷cfof]hgfx? s|dzM ;xsf/L If]q ;'9[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{sf] aflif{s efl/t k|ult s|dzM ()=*& k|ltzt, ((=$( / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM (#=%$ / ((=@* k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

62

%=# ljlgof]lht jh]6 tyf vr{ / ljlQo k|ult

sfo{qmdsf] gfd jh]6

ljlgof]hg ? xhf/df

ah]6 lgsf;f

?=xhf/df

vr{ /sd ? xhf/df

ljtLo k|ult k|ltzt

;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf -#!@!#$–#÷$_

110540 103402 103402

93=54

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb -#!@!##–#÷$_

48958 48604 48604

99=28

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no -#!@)!*–#÷$_

152991 143812 143812

94=00

;xsf/L ljefu -#!@)!&–#÷$_

12570

12464

12464

99=15

dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sfo{s|d÷cfof]hgfx? s|dzM ;xsf/L If]q ;'9[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L ljefu tkm{sf] aflif{s ljtLo k|ult s|dzM (#=%$ k|ltzt, ((=@* k|ltzt, ($=)) k|ltzt / ((=!% k|ltzt eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/ pQd /x]sf] lyof] .

63

64

%=$ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf aflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg -pknlAw ljj/0f_ !=cfof]hgfsf] gfd M ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f

@=hUuf k|flKt -x]_M– %=7]Ssf k§f l:yltM– #=hgzlQm cfk'lk{M– -s_ o; cjlwdf 7]Ssf nufpg] nIo /x]sf] sfo{sf] nfut -?_

$=sN;N6]06sf] lgo'lQm M– -v_ slt nfutsf] sfo{ 7]Ssfdf lbOof]-?_M -s_ ljb]zL M– ^=bft{ ;+:yfdf n]vfk/LIf0f l/kf]6{ k7fPsf] -;+Vof_M

-v_ :jb]zLM– &= zf]wegf{ l:yltM

-s_ dfu ug'{kg]{ /sd -?_M

*= cfof[']hgsf] pknJwL k|ltkmn ljj/0f -v_ dfu u/]sf] /sd -?_M

-u_ k|fKt x'g] af+sL /sd-?_M

qm= ;+=

Smfo{s|d / ls|ofsnfk

OsfO{ k|yd rf}dfl;s lålto rf}dfl;s t[tLo rf}dfl;s aflif{s s}lkmot nIo

kl/df0f k|ult kl/df0f

nIo kl/df0f

k|ult kl/df0f

nIo kl/df0f

k|ult kl/df0f

nIo kl/df0f

k|ult kl/df0f

1 k'hLut vr{ cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx?

2 sfof{no kl/;/ ;'wf/ k6s 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2

3 kmlg{r/ tyf lkmSr{; vl/b k6s 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2

65

4 rfn' vr{ cGtu{tsf sfo{qmdx?

5

;/sf/ – ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf ;fgf s[lif hGo ;xsf/L k|zf]wg pBf]u - lrof, slkm, cb'jf, cn}+rL, nK;L, kmnkm'n, dx, pv', hl8j'6L, b'Uw, ;'kf/L, j];f/ tyf cGo d;nf jfnL_ :yfkgf ug{ k'lhut cg'bfg k6s

0 0 5 5 5 2 10 6

6

;/sf/ – ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf dlxnf 4f/f ;+rflnt ;–;fgf ;xsf/L pBf]ux? -;;, crf/, e'lhof, lrK;, kfk8, rfprfp, ;;, hfd h]nL, lrp/f, d;nf cflb_ pBd :yfkgf ug{ aLp k'lh cg'bfg k6s

0 0 5 5 5 1 10 6

7

blntx?sf] k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{ Aoj;flos ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t u/L cfw'lgs Aoj;fodf ?kfGt/0f ug{ cg'bfg, k6s

0 0 0 0 5 3 5 3

8 ;/sf/÷;xsf/L÷gLlh If]q ;fem]bf/Ldf sl[if kmd{ :yfkgf, k6s

0 0 15 15 15 13 30 28

9 /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf0f{ ;+Vof

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1

10 ;/sf/ ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf lzte08f/ k6s 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 2

66

lgdf0f{ sfo{

11 ;'rgf ;~hfn Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;~rfng ;]jf s/f/ k6s

3 3 3 3 0 0 3 3

12 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL >Jo÷b[io ;fdfu|L pTkfbg

0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2

13 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL >Jo÷b[io ;fdfu|L k|zf/0f - Pkm=Pd= k|zf/0f ;d]t_ ;+Vof

7 7 7 7 7 7 21 21

14 kqklqsf dfk{mt ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;'rgf k|sfzg ;+Vof

12 12 12 12 12 12 36 36

15

aflif{s k|ult k|lta]bg, ;xsf/L tYofªs, ;Gb]z, d'vkq, j'n]l6g tyf k|j{4g / hfu/0f ;fdfu|L n]]vg, ;Dkfbg tyf k|sfzg ;+Vof

3 3 3 3 4 2 10 8

16

jflif{s sfo{qmd th{'df, rf}dfl;s k|ult ;dLIff tyf ;xsf/L ;'rgf Joj:yfkg ljlw ljifos If]qLo uf]i7L÷cGt/lqmof ;+Vof

0 0 2 1 2 3 4 4

17 jflif{s k|ult ;ldIff uf]i7L ;+Vof 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

18 /fli6|o tyf cGt//fli6|o cWoog, tflnd / e|d0f ;+Vof

1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

67

19 ;xsf/L k|j4{g cGt/ls|of uf]i7L -;fe]mbf/L sfo{s|d_ ;+Vof

1 2 1 0 1 1 3 3

20

If]]q :t/Lo gd'gf ;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{s|d–wgs'6f, bf]nvf, kfNkf, /f]Nkf / s~rgk'/_ ;+Vof

1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5

21 ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd ;+Vof 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

22 ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf lgodg ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw sfg'g lgdf{0f ;+Vof

2 1 2 1 1 1 5 3

23 ;xsf/L cg'bfg k|:tfj d'Nof+sgsf] nflu k|ljlws ;ldltsf] a}7s ;+Vof

0 0 9 9 9 8 18 17

24 ;xsf/L ;'rgf k|ljlw ljsf;, lj:tf/, gljs/0f / ljB'tLo xflh/L vl/b ;+Vof

1 1 2 1 1 1 4 3

25

;xsf/L sfof{no lg/LIf0f, cg'bfg k|fKt kl/of]hgfx?sf] cg'udg / art C0f tyf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg ;+Vof

50 25 50 15 50 35 150 75

26

? % s/f]8 eGbf al9sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ kfrF ;oj6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] :ynut cWoog cg'udg ug]{ . ;+Vof

100 66 200 150 200 164 500 418

68

27

/fli6«o tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f cg'bfg sfo{qmd ;+Vof

6 1 6 1 6 12 18 14

hDdf 83.50 57.50 121.50 82.50 122 95 324 231

69

%=%_ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l(s/)f cfof]hgf -j=lx=g+ 312134-3÷4_ sf] Psd'i& efl/tk|ult ljj/)f

/sd ? xhf/df

l;=g+ sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf

jflif{s sfo{qmd ah]6

jflif{s ef/

jflif{s rf}dfl;s s}lkmot

Reported Ps d'i7 k|ult k|ltzt

efl/t k|ult

hDdf efl/t k|ult sd

x'gfsf sf/0fx?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0ff cfof]hgf -s]Gb|, ljefu_ 53873 48.736 90.000 43.863

2 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -;'g;/L_ 618 0.559 100.000 0.559

3 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -lrtjg_ 698 0.631 100.000 0.631

70

4 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -sf:sL_ 748 0.677 99.840 0.676

5 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -afFs]_ 618 0.559 89.000 0.498

6 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -s}nfnL_ 2400 2.171 100.000 2.171

7 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -Onfd,tfKn]h'«Ë,kf+ry/_ 1243 1.124 99.150 1.115

8 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -emfkf_ 1138 1.029 100.000 1.029

9 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -df]/Ë_ 2087 1.888 98.000 1.850

10 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -wgs'6f,t]xy'd,;+v'jf;ef,ef]hk'/_ 1303 1.179 96.000 1.132

11 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -l;/fxf, ;Kt/L_ 998 0.903 100.000 0.903

12 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -pbok'/,cf]vn9'Ëf,vf]6f]Ë,;f]nv'Dj'_ 1488 1.346 98.770 1.330

13 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -bf]nvf,/fd]5fk_ 1573 1.423 100.000 1.423

71

14 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -wg'iff, dxf]Q/L,l;Gw'nL_ 5278 4.775 85.670 4.091

15 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -;nf{xL, _ 4538 4.105 26.630 1.093

ejg lgdf{{0fsf] sfd ug{ cfjZos k|lqmof cy{dGqfnosf] ;xdlt, n=O{= tof/L tyf :jLs[lt, df6f] kl/If0f /

af]nkq cfXjfgsf] sfd k'/f ug{ ;do nfu]sf]n] nIo cg';f/ k|ult gePsf] .

16 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -/f}tx6_ 1038 0.939 99.000 0.930

17 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -sf7df08f}_ 1378 1.247 100.000 1.247

18 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -nlntk'/_ 1198 1.084 100.000 1.084

19 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf - eQmk'/_ 1063 0.962 97.370 0.936

20 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -sfe]kGrf}s,l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ 1248 1.129 98.880 1.116

21 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -g'jfsf]6, /;'jf_ 1353 1.224 99.900 1.223

22 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -wflbË_ 1073 0.971 100.000 0.971

23 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -af/f_ 1038 0.939 100.000 0.939

72

24 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -k;f{_ 1038 0.939 100.000 0.939

25 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -dsjfgk'/_ 1103 0.998 100.000 0.998

26 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -tgx'F,uf]/vf, ndhª dgfª_ 1268 1.147 99.900 1.146

27 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -afUn'ª, kj{t, d':tfª, DofUbL_ 1268 1.147 100.000 1.147

28 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -:ofª\hf_ 988 0.894 100.000 0.894

29 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -gjnk/f;L_ 1073 0.971 100.000 0.971

30 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -?kGb]xL_ 1073 0.971 100.000 0.971

31 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -kfNkf, u'NdL_ 1898 1.717 99.800 1.714

32 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -slkna:t', cxfvfrL_ 1198 1.084 77.640 0.841

33 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -bfª, ;Nofg,?'s'd,/f]Nkf,Ko'7fg_ 1508 1.364 100.000 1.364

34 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -jlb{of_ 968 0.876 100.000 0.876

73

35 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -;'v]{t, hfFh/sf]6, b}n]v,_ 1108 1.002 100.000 1.002

36 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -aemfË, jfh'/f, c5fd, 8f]6L_ 1253 1.134 95.450 1.082

37 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -h'Dnf,x'Dnf,d'u',8f]Nkf,sflnsf]6_ 1273 1.152 100.000 1.152

38 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -sGrgk'/, 88]nw'/f_ 1450 1.312 97.870 1.284

39 ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf -j}t8L, bfr'{nf_ 1233 1.115 99.070 1.105

40 s]=;=k|= s]= 2850 2.578 100.000 2.578

hDdf 110540 100 90.871

74

%=^_ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf -a=lx=g+= #%@!#$–#÷$_ tkm{sf] jflif{s ljlQo k|ult ljj/0f M– qm=;+=

sfof{no aflif{s jh]̂ ?= xhf/df

jflif {s vr{ ?= xhf/df

ljlQo k|ult k|ltzt

s}lkmot

1 ;xsf/L ljefu 53873 51830 96.21 2 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/L 618 618 100.00

3 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg 698 688 98.57

4 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL 748 747 99.866 5 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, jfFs] 618 499 80.788 6 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL 2400 2400 100 7 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, Onfd 1243 1243 100

75

8 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, emfkf 1138 1136 99.824 9 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, df]/Ë 2087 2028 97.173 10 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f 1303 1253 96.2 11 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, l;/xf, nxfg 998 979 98.096 12 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/ 1488 1488 99.993 13 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bf]nvf 1573 1573 100 14 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff 5278 4521 85.657 15 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;nf{xL 4538 1248 27.501 16 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, /f}6x6 1038 1028 99.037 17 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sf7df8f} 1378 1373 99.637

76

18 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, nlntk'/ 1198 1198 100.00 19 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, eQmk'/ 1063 866 81.468 20 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sfe|] 1248 1242 99.519 21 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, g'jfsf]6 1353 1352 99.945 22 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wflbË 1073 1073 100 23 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, af/f 1038 1038 100 24 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, k;f{ 1038 1038 100 25 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, dsjfgk'/ 1103 1103 100 26 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F 1268 1267 99.92 27 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, afUn'Ë 1268 1268 100.00

77

28 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, :ofª\hf 988 977 98.887 29 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, gjnk/f;L 1073 1073 100 30 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ?kGb]lx 1073 1073 100.0 31 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, kfNkf 1898 1894 99.795 32 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, slknj:t' 1198 918 76.628 33 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, bfË 1508 1508 100 34 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, jlb{of 968 968 100 35 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t 1108 1108 100.0 36 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, 8f]6L 1253 1196 95.451 37 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, h'Dnf 1273 1251 98.272

78

38 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, sGrgk'/ 1450 1408 97.103 39 l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, j}t8L 1233 1222 99.11 40 s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 2850 2708 95.03 hDdf 110540 103402 93.543

ljlQo k|ult k|ltzt 93=543

79

80

%=& ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| M %=&=!= s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|åf/f ;Dkflbt sfo{x?

1= ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] kl/k|]Iodf ;xsf/L sfo{qmd th'{df sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg .

2= /fhkqf+lst tyf /fhkqcg+lst sd{rf/Lx?sf] nfuL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd tyf ;+3;+:yf cg'udg tfnLd, Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tfnLd, /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df tfnLd, n]vfkfng tyf Joj:yfkg tfnLd, Joj:yfkg zLk ljsf; tfnLd, ;xsf/L sdL{x?sf] nfuL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd, pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j4{g tfnLd / ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd ;+rfng .

3= ;xsf/L l;4fGt / ;xsf/L ;kmntfsf] cGt/;DaGw ;DaGwL cWoog . 4= tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/L tyf k|sfzg . 5= tflnd c'udg sfo{qmd . 6= k':tsfno ;'b[9Ls/0f . 7= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd . 8= ;xsf/Ldf tfnLd cfjZostf klxrfg ;DaGwL cWoog sfo{ . 9= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] kl/;/ ;'wf/ tyf 9n lgdf{0f ;'wf/ sfo{ . 10= k|lzIf0f sIfsf] lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/ . 11= d]lzg/L tyf ;jf/L ;fwg vl/b . 12= lgld{t ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;'wf/ . 13= art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfng Joj:yfksnfO{ lbOg]

tflndsf kf7\oof]hgf ;lxtsf] Dofg'cn tof/L .

81

%=&=@ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ;Dkflbt tfnLd sfo{qmdsf] nIo÷k|ult ;f/f+z M

qm=;+= tfnLd sfo{qmd nIo k|ult

1 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -clws[t :t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ !% lbg]

! -@%_ !-@%_

2 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -;xfos :t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ !% lbg]

@-%)_

@-%)_

3 pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j{4g tflnd - !) lbg]_

@-%)_

@-%)_

4 Joj:yfkg lzk ljsf; tflnd -!% lbg]_

@-%)_ @-%)_

5 /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL tflnd -!) lbg]_

#-&%_ #-&%_

6 Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd -!) lbg]_

@-%)_ @-%)_

7 k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -!% lbg]_ !)-@%)_ !)-@%)_

8 ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vfkfng tflnd -#) lbg]_

#-&%_ #-&%_

9 ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd -lhNnfdf_ & lbg]

&-!@%_ &-!&%_

10 ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd -!) lbg]_ #-&%_ #-&%_ 11 ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf cg'udg tfnLd

-!) lbg]_ ! -@%_ !-@%_

hDdf #^ -())_ #^-())_

%=&=# ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x?sf] ef}lts nIo÷k|ult M

qm=;= tfnLd sfo{qmd nIo k|ult 1 cfwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd @&-^&%_ @&-^&%_ 2 cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd #$-*%)_ #$-*%)_ 3 ljifout ;xsf/L clea[l4 tflnd %-!@%_ %-!@%_

4 ;xeflutfTds cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd

@^-^%)_ @^-^%)_

5 clen]v Joj:yfkg tflnd %-!@%_ %-!@%_ 6 ;xsf/L ;r]tgf @)-%))_ !(-$&%_ hDdf !!&-@(@%_ !!^-@())_

82

%=&=$ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] pknlAw÷k|ltkmn ljj/0f M

qm=;+ c fof]hgfsf] nIo cg';f/ ck]lIft k|ltkmn OsfO{ k|yd rf}dfl;s

bf];|f ] rf}dfl;s

t];|f ] rf}dfl;s

o; cf=a= sf] s'n

nIo k|ult nIo k|ult nIo k|ult nIo k|ult 1 k|lzIfs k|lzIf)f tfnLd -c lws[t:t/ k|lzIfs lgdf{)f_ ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 2 k|lzIfs k|lzIf)f tfnLd -;xfos:t/ k|lzIfs lgdf{)f_ ;+Vof 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2

3

pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j${g tflndaf^ ;+# ;+:yfsf ;+rfnsx?df ;xsf/L Joj;fo tyf jhf/ ;DjGwL !fg xfl;n x'g] . ;+Vof 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2

4 k|lzIfs k|lzIf)f tfnLdjf^ ;xsf/L IF ]qdf sfo{/t ;+rfns, sd{rf/Lx?df tflnd ;+rfng ;Lk c lej[l$ x'g] ;+Vof 3 2 3 4 4 4 10 10

5 Aoj:yfkg zLk ljsf; tfnLd -;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfnsåJoj:yfksnfO{ lbOg] tflnd_ ;+Vof 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2

6 ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vf tfnLd - ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfnsåJoj:yfksnfO{ lbOg] tflnd_ ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

7 Ao;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tfnLd ;+Vof 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 8 ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd ;+Vof 1 1 2 2 4 4 7 7

9

/)fgLlts of]hgf th'{df tfnLd sfo{qmdaf^ IF ]q:t/ / lhNnf:t/df tflnd k|efjsf/L x'g] . ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

10 ;xsf/L n]]vfkfng tflnd ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

83

11

k':tsfno ;'b[(Ls/)f sfo{qmdaf^ tflnd tyf cWoog cg';Gwfg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] kx'Fr j[l$ eO{ k|lzIF s, k|lzIF fyL{x? tyf cGo cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf] sfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug] ;+Vof 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

12 ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;+ef/af^ ;DklQsf] bL#{sflng k|of ]u x'g] . ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

13 ;xsf/L tflndsf] c fjZostf klxrfg cWoogaf^ ;xsf/L IF ]qsf] Joj;flos/)fdf ]̂jf k'Ug] . ;+Vof 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

14 tfnLd ;fdfu|L tof/L / k|sfzg ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 15 tfnLd Dofg'cn tyf ;xsf/L k'+h tof/L k|sfzg ;+Vof 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

16 cg'udg d'Nofª sg / k|ltj]bg ;+Vof 9 9 9 9 9 9 27 27 17 kfn] kx/f ;+Vof 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 18 s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb| kl/;/sf] (n lgdf{)f ;+Vof 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 19 c fwf/e't ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_ ;+Vof 8 8 10 10 9 9 27 27 20 cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_ ;+Vof 10 10 12 12 12 12 34 34 21 ljifout ;xsf/L Joj;fo clej[l$ tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_ ;+Vof 5 5 0 0 0 0 5 5

22 ;xeflutfTds cfwf/e't ;xsf/L n]vf Joj:yfkg tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_ ;+Vof 8 3 9 12 9 11 26 26

23 c len]v Joj:Yfkg tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_ ;+Vof 0 0 5 5 0 0 5 5 24 ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflnd -If]q:t/Lo_ ;+Vof 5 3 8 9 7 7 20 19

84

%=&=% ;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb| tkm{sf] Psd'i& efl/t k|ult ljj/)f M

l;=g+ sfo{qmdåc fof ]hgf jflif {s ah]̂ ?= xhf/df

jflif {s ef/

jflif {s

Reported Psdi& k|ult k|ltzt

efl/t k|ult

1 s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 27138 55.431 100.000 55.431

2 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -;'g;/L_ 8220 16.790 100.000 16.790

3 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -lrtjg_ 2840 5.801 100.000 5.801

4 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -sf:sL_ 2500 5.106 100.000 5.106

5 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -afFs]_ 6280 12.827 96.000 12.314

6 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -s}nfnL_ 1980 4.044 100.000 4.044

hDdf 48958 100

99.487

85

%=&=^ ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{sf] ljlQo k|ult M qm=;+= sfof {no jflif {s jh]^ jflif {s vr{ ljlQo k|ult

k|ltzt 1 s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 27138 27122 99.941

2 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -;'g;/L_ 8220 8220 100

3 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -lrtjg_ 2840 2785 98.06

4 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -sf:sL_ 2500 2500 100

5 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -afFs]_ 6280 6000 95.55

6 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no -s}nfnL_ 1980 1980 100

hDdf 48958 48607 99.284

86

kl/R5]b – ^ cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L

-@)&!÷)$÷@( / #)_ ^=! ;+lIfKt emns M

g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;j} ljifout lgsfox?n] jflif{s ?kdf :jLs[t sfo{qmdx?sf] k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ k/Dk/f eP cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno, ;xsf/L ljefusf] cf=j= )&).)&! df :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L @)&! >fj0f @( / #) ut] s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] ;efxndf ;';DkGg eof] . jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] p4]Zo lgdgf';f/ /x]sf] lyof] M

!_ jflif{s ?kdf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{ . @_ sfof{nout ;d:of klxrfg u/L k|ult sd x'gfsf sf/0fx?,

sfo{qmdsf ;jn tyf ;'wf/f]gd'v kIf klxNofpg' . #_ efjL sfo{qmd lgdf0f{ / / sfof{Gjgdf k[i7kf[]if0f k|fKt u'g{' . $_ Ps csf{sf /fd|f kIf, ;xeflux? jLr ;]ol/Ë ug{' . %_ ;xsf/L ;+u ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx?n] jflif{s ?kdf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?jf/] oyf{t hfgsf/L k|fKt ug'{ . ^_ gLltut ;'wf/sf ljifox? klxrfg ug'{ . &_ ;xsf/L ljsf;sf cfufdL sfo{lbzf lgdf{0f ug'{ . o; k|ult ;ldIff uf]i7L cjlwe/ >Ldfg\ ;lrj Ho, ;x;lrjHo / /lhi6«f/Ho nufot ;xsf/L ljefusf ;Dk0f{ sd{rf/Lx?, s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|–!, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox? %, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ## sf sfof{no k|d'v / cfly{s k|zf;g/of]hgf zfvf k|d'vsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . jflif{s k|ult ;ldIff sfo{qmdsf] pb3f6g ;qsf] cWoIftf ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nHon] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] k|d'v cltyL tyf ljlzi7 cltyLdf s|dzM /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf df=s]zj k|;fb j8fn, k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o / ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj >L ;'/]zdfg >]i7Ho /xg' ePsf] lyof] . cGo cltyLx?df ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L

87

;'/]z k|wfgHo, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf sfo{qmd lgb]{zs >L Zofd k|;fb e08f/L, s]Gb|Lo ljifout ;+3sf cWoIf tyf k|ltlgwLx?–>L ;'/]Gb| e08f/L, >L bLks/fh kf}8]n, >L slkn uf}td, >L afa'/fd clwsf/L, >L u0f]z axfb'/ a:g]t, >L b'uf{ k|;fb 9sfn, >L bLks sf]O/fnf, uf]ljGb bfxfn, uf]ljGb j/fsf]6L, wd{/fh kf}8]n, afa'n vgfn, u'nfj rf}w/L nufot kqsf/x?sf]] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf ;xsf/L sfof{nodf jflif{s ?kdf :jLs[t sfo{qmd / ljlgof]lht jh]6sf] ljQLo tyf efl/t k|ult nufot ;du| sfo{k|ult s:tf] /xg uof], /fd|f / ;'wf/f]gd'v kIf s] s] /x] < ;xsf/L sfof{non] ef]Ug' k/]sf ;d:of / pknAw cj;/x? s] s] 5g\ < cflb ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] z'?df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf laifout s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . ;xsf/L sfof{no tkm{ ;xsf/L ljefu, s]lGb|o ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|, ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no / l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nosf k|d'vx?n] cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng ;xsf/L ljefusf pk/lhi6|f/ >L gf/fo0f k|;fb 1fjnLn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] :jfut dGtAo s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf k|frfo{ >L u0f]z cof{nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ljefusf al/i7 s[lif cy{lj1 >L lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]n] ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] ;du| k|ult k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7LnfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] cuf8L a9fpg ljleGg ;qx?df ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . h'g o; k|sf/ 5 M

s_ k|yd ;q -pb\3f6g ;q_

;xsf/L ljefuåf/f cfof]lht cfly{s jif{ )&)÷&! sf] jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7L olx @)&! >fj0f @( / #) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nsf] cWoIftfdf cfof]lht ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] z'ef/De ;qsf] ;d'b\3f6g k|d'v cltly /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf Pj+ k|ltlglw ;efsf ;ef;b\ df= s]zj k|;fb a8fnn]] ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] ljz]if cfltYo ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj ;'/]zdfg >]i7n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] uf]i7Lsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ ;+af]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly ;+3sf cWoIf j8fnn] pTkfbg zlQmnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ pTkfbg a[l4 tyf /f]huf/ l;h{gfsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;xsfl/tf cToGt pko'Qm k4lt

88

ePsf] eGb} b]zdf cfoft k|lt:yf{kg tyf lgof{t a[l4 ug{ s[lif If]qsf] eldsfnfO{ k|jn agfpg cfjZos /x]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{'eof] . pxfFn] ;xsf/L If]qn] %# xhf/ hgzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbg' rfgr'g] s'/f gePsf] atfpFb} ;xsf/L If]qdf /x]sf] hgzlQm tyf ;+rfns kbflwsf/L tflnd, k|lzIf0f kjf{wf/df ;d]t /fHon] nufgL a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}NofpFg'eof] . ;xsf/Ldf Joj;flos hgzlQm a9fpgsf nflu lghfdtL P]gdf 5'§} ;xsf/L ;]jf ;dx cfjZos /x]sf] cf}NofpFb} cWoIf a8fnn] cflY{fs k|hftGq alnof] x'g ;xsf/L x'g' h?/L /x]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . ljlzi6 cltly ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj ;'/]z >]i7n] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf dfWodaf6 ljutsf] ;dLIff u/]/ cfufdL af6f] to ug]{ atfpFb} cfufdL jif{sf] nflu s] ug]{ ljifodf uf]i7Laf6 3f]if0ff kq hf/L ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}nfpg'eof] . ;+3sf gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf s]zj k|;fb a8fn nufot ;+3sf] l;+uf] ;+rfns ;ldltnfO{ awfO{ lbFb} ;lrj >]i7n] ;xsf/Ldf ePsf ljs[lt lj;+ultx? lr/kmf/ ug{ ;+34f/f ;/sf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ul/lbg ;d]t cfXjfg ug{'eof] . ;xsf/Lsf & l;4fGtx?nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu' ug{'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} pxfFn] clxn]sf] ;xsf/L If]qnfo{ ;f]xL lbzfaf]w ug{ /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3n] k'gM dNof+sg ug{ h?/L /x]sf] :d/0f ug{'eof] . ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/Lx?sf] ;DklQ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;ldlt u7g ul/g nfu]sf] hgfpFb} ;lrj >]i7n] ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if / o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;floL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifnfO{ dGqfno dftxt Nofpg h?/L /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;x;lrj ;'/]z k|wfgn] ;xsf/L dGqfno ev{/ u7g ePsf] eP klg ;xsf/Lsf] nfdf] Oltxf; /x]sf] eGb} ;xsf/L gLltsf] sfof{Gjog sfo{of]hgf / dfl;s sfo{ of]hgf x'g' h?/L /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . ;x;lrj k|wfgn] casf] % jif{sf] ;xsf/L If]qn] /fHosf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf lglZrt of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] u/L of]hgfj4 9+un] sfd ug{ JICA Nepal, GIZ nufotsf lgsfox?n] ;d]t ;xof]usf] xft cufl8 a9fPsf] hgsf/L lbFb} casf] s]xL ;do leq ;xsf/L If]qdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g x'g] s'/fdf cfkm cfzfjfbL /x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf lgb]{zs Zofd k|;fb e08f/Ln]

89

;xsf/Ln] ;+:yfut ?kdf alnof] ?k wf/0ff u/]sf] cf}NofpFb} laQLo If]q dfq ge} pTkfbgdns If]qdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg a[l4 ug{' h?/L /x]sf] s'/f cf}Nofpg' eof] . ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x? Pj+ /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+ssf tkm{af6 af]Nb} s]Gb|Lo df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf u0f]z a:g]tn] @) lhNnfdf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] lj:tf/ x'g' kg]{ dfu ub}{ ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfo eg]/ dfq gx'g] eGb} ul/aL lgjf/0f, pTkfbg k|zf]wg nufotsf If]qx?df dGqfnon] bl/nf] kxnsbdL lng' kg]{ cfjZostf cf}Nofpg'eof] . ljleGg * j6f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x? -df}/Lkfng, kmnkm'n t/sf/L, h'gf/, pv', hl8a'l6, laplahg, lrof / pkef]Qmf_ nfO{ ;xsf/L ljefu4f/f k|bfg ul/Psf] ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo ;+3x?sf] nfut ;xeflutfdf sf7df08f}+sf] zflGtgu/ u]6df ;xsf/L ahf/ :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} pxfFn] cfufdL jif{df ;d]t cg'bfg ;xof]u pknAw ePdf yk sfd ug{ ;lsg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug{'eof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ul//xg' ePsf ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nn] /fd|f / /rgfTds sfd ug{ gLltnfO{ sfo{qmddf abn]/ hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf cf}NofpFb} ;xsf/L cleofg / ;xsf/L ljefu xft]dfnf] u/]/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ vfFrf] /x]sf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . cleofgn] ;/sf/nfO{ Back Support ug{'kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb} /lhi6«f/ kf}8]nn] ;xsf/Lsf ;d:of ;Rofpgsf nflu P]g lgod ;+zf]wg ug{ ljefu / ;xsf/L cleofg ldn]/ hfg'sf] ljsNk gePsf] s'/f ls6fg ug{'eof] . ;xsf/L ljefusf jl/i7 s[lif cy{lj1 lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/]n] ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf lgsfox?sf] ;+lIfKt jflif{s k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= @)&)÷&! sf] h]i7 dlxgf ;Dd g]kfn /fHoe/ ! /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3, !* j6f ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3, ! /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s, lhNNff ;xsf/L ;+3x? ^( j6f / ljifout lhNNff :t/Lo ;+3x? @$! / ljleGg ljifosf s'n #) xhf/ @ ;o %@ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? /x]sf] k|f/lDes tYof+s ;DaGwL ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ cf=j= @)&)÷&! df ljefu cGt/ut !@!@ ;+:yf btf{, $ ;o !* j6f 7nf ;xsf/Lsf] ;3g cg'udg, /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f, $# j6f pBdnfO{ ! s/f]8 ## nfv cg'bfg ljt/0f, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dfkm{t *)* kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tflndaf6 @) xhf/ @ ;o hgf nfeflGjt ePsf] , ^$%) hgfnfO{ ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], $^)) hgfnfO{ n]vf

90

Joj:yfkg tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf], s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 ljleGg #^ j6f tflnd dfkm{t ()) hgf nfeflGjt ePsf] / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox?af6 @()) hgfnfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . pxfFn] ;xsf/L lgodg / k|zf;g lkmtnf], ;xsf/L P]g, lgod kfngfdf pbfl;gtf / b08lxgtf, ;a} lhNnfdf sfof{no gePsfn] ;]jf k|jfxdf ;d:of, b/aGbL cg';f/ kbklt{df sdL nfuotsf ;d:of / ;xsf/L If]q tkm{ ;xsf/L l;4fGt, P]g lgod / ljlgod kfngfdf pbfl;gtfsf sf/0f ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;d:of, lzIff tyf tflndsf] cefjdf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df pBdlzntfsf] cefj nufotsf ;d:ofx? /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf k|frfo{ u0f]z cof{nn] uf]i7Ldf pkl:yt k|d'v cltly, ljz]if cltly, cltly, k|ltlglw tyf ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut clejfbg ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng pk/lhi6«f/ gf/fo0f 1jnLn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . bf]>f] ;qM

bf]>f] ;qsf] ;efkltTj ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] ;q cGt/ut s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 pkfWoIf afa'/fd clwsf/L, ax'p2]ZoLo s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 cWoIf ;'/]Gb| e08f/L, s]Gb|Lo skmL ;xsf/L ;+3sf] tkm{af6 uf]ljGb a/fsf]6L, s]Gb|Lo ljB't ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf wd{/fh kf}8]n, s]Gb|Lo df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf u0f]z a:g]t / pkfWoIf ch{'g kf]v/]n, s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf uf]ljGb bfxfn, g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3sf tkm{af6 clws[t slkn uf}td, g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 sfo{qmd clws[t b'uf{ k|;fb 9sfn nufotn] cf–cfˆgf ;+3x? dfkm{t ;Dkflbt ultljlwx? k|:t't ug{'ePsf] lyof] . t]>f] ;qM t]>f] ;qsf] ;efkltTj ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf ;lrj >L ;'/]zdfg >]i7n] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] lbg ;'?df /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] tkm{af6 jl/i7 k|jGws afa'n vgfnn] ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[l9s/0f cfof]hgf cGt/ut ljefu4f/f k|bfg ul/Psf] ! s/f]8 @$ nfv cg'bfg a/fa/sf] ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f, tfnLd tyf lzIff, b'u{d If]q kx'Fr lj:tf/, d'Qm sd}of pTyfg, ;+3x?

91

;'b[l9s/0f, n}+lus ;zlQms/0f, /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L lbj; Pj+ cfO{;LP ;b:otf z'Ns e'QmfgL ;DaGwL ljj/0fx? k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3sf tkm{af6 u'nfj rf}w/Ln] ljut Ps jif{ leq ;+3n] ;DkGg u/]sf sfdx? k|:t't ug'{x'b}F cfufdL lbgx?df ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ;xof]u ePdf yk /fd|f sfdx? ug{ ;lsg] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 k|frfo{ u0f]z cof{nn] cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;DkGg ePsf k|lzIf0f nufot ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ;'wf/ Pj+ k|zf;lgs ultljlwx?sf] ;+lIfKt k|:t'lt ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ ljut Ps jif{df s]Gb|Lo k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df #^ j6f tfnLd sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L #*) hgf dlxnf / %@@ hgf k'?if ;lxt hDdf ()@ hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ tfnLd k|bfg u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . To;kl5 ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nn] 5f]6f] ;do lnP/ sfo{qmdsf] ;efklt ul//xg'ePsf >Ldfg ;lrjHosf] ;?jfsf] ;DaGwdf ;xeflux?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpb} ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 ljbfO{sf] kj{ ;GWofdf pxfFsf] pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] z'esfdgf / dGqfnodf /xL ljefunfO{ k|bfg ug{'ePsf] ;+/IfsTj / dfu{bz{gsf] nfuL cfef/ k|s6 ug{'ePsf] lyof] . t]>f] ;qsf] cGodf ;efkltsf] x}l;ont] >Ldfg ;lrjHon] pkl:yt ;a} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbFb} ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] k|j4{g / ljsf;df ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ;xhLs/0f / ;xsfo{ ug{'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug{'eof] . ;fy} sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 ul/g] x/]s sfdx?df kf/blz{tf / ck]lIft uf]klgotf aLr ;Gt'ng ug{'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . ;a}n] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf ;fy sfd ug{'kg]{ / a]?h' km5\of}6df k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . cGtdf cfkm' ;?jf eP/ ;xsf/L /fhb'tsf] x}l;otn] cGoq dGqfnodf hfg nfu]sf]n] ;w} ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf; / k|j4{gdf cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] ;xof]u /xg] wf/0ff JoQm ug{'eof] . rf}yf] ;q M uf]i7Lsf] rf}yf] ;qsf] ;efkltTj ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nn] ug{'ePsf] lyof] . k|ult ;dLIff sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] lbg ljleGg l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nosf] k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ sfd z'? eof] . ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 ePsf] k|ult k|:t'tLsf] ljj/0f o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .

1= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, a}t8L M ;j{k|yd l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no a}t8Lsf ;xsf/L lg/LIfs ltns vqLn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf]

92

tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ efl/t tkm{ ((=)& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=!! k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf a}t8L / bfr{'nf lhNnfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !(% / !@! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM @÷@ j6f u/L hDdf $ j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof a}t8L / bfr'{nfdf qmdzM @$ / !^ u/L hDdf $) j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . a}t8L lhNnfdf ut cf=j= )&)÷&! df Pp6f dfq ;+:yf lnSjL8]zg ul/Psf] lyof] .

2= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, s}nfnL M k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q ;]tL / dxfsfnL c~rnsf ( j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ s}nfnL lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], o; cf=a=df k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ @$$ hgf / ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf tkm{ ^&) hgf ;d]t hDdf (!$ k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], s}nfnL lhNnfdf %@! j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / $ j6f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+rfngdf /x]sf], Pp6f ;+:yf vf/]h ul/Psf], !!@ ;+:yfsf] lgl/If0f ul/Psf], ? !)&(&! u}/ s/ /fhZj ;+sng ul/Psf], dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &% j6f /x]sf], z]o/ kFlh ?= #( s/f]8, art kl/rfng ?= @=@ ca{, nufgL ? #=) ca{ / ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfaf6 ;[hgf ePsf] /f]huf/L !)@% /x]sf] ;fy} pQm cf=j=df sfof{no kl/;/ lgdf{0f ;'wf/ cGt/ut k'/fgf] sfof{no ejgsf] dd{t ;'wf/ / af6f] lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f k|rfo{ >L v]d/fh lji6n] atfpg' eof] .

3= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no s~rgk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no s~rgk'/sf sfof{no k|d'v >L /fd axfb'/ vftLn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ efl/t tkm{ (&=*& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (&=!) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf s~rgk'/ / 88]nw'/f lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #^# / !&$ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM % / $ j6f u/L hDdf ( j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof s~rgk'/ / 88]nw'/fdf qmdzM $( / !^ u/L hDdf ^% j6f

93

/x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut tLg j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], ?= !@!)) u}/ s/ /fhZj ;+sng ul/Psf] / sfof{no ejgsf] sf]l/8/ dd{t ;'wf/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

4= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6L M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no 8f]6Lsf sfof{no k|d'v >L nIdL s'df/ lj=s=n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (%=$% k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (%=$% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf 8f]6L, aemfª, c5fd / afh'/f lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !((, !@@, !(& / ** ;d]t hDdf ^)^ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM @, @, @ / # j6f u/L hDdf ( j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof 8f]6L, aemfª, c5fd / afh'/fdf qmdzM @*, @^, #@ / !# u/L hDdf (( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut rf/ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], tLg j6f ;'ky d'No ;xsf/L k;nsf] /sd ? tLg nfv ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 lkmtf{ u/L /fhZj bflvnf ul/Psf] lyof] .

5= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no h'Dnf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no h'Dnfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L gf/fo0f k|;fb rfkfufFO{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (*=@& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf h'Dnf, x'Dnf, d'u', 8f]Nkf / sflnsf]6 lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !*&, (!, &(, %# / (! ;d]t hDdf %)! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM #, ), ), ) / ! j6f u/L hDdf $ j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof h'Dnf, x'Dnf, d'u', 8f]Nkf / sflnsf]6df qmdzM @^, &, !), # / $ u/L hDdf %) j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut b'O{ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf] / b'O{ j6fsf] ;+:yfsf] lnSjL8]zg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !^,@$) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

6= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;'v]{t M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;'v]{tsf sfof{no k|d'v >L b]jL kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt

94

/ ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf ;'v]{t, b}n]v / hfh/sf]6 lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %&$, @%@ / !#( ;d]t hDdf (^% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, @ / @ j6f u/L hDdf ( j6f ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ;'v]{t, b}n]v / hfh/sf]6df qmdzM %^, @* / !) u/L hDdf ($ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut rf/ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf] / b'O{ j6fsf] ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L Pp6f ;+:yf agfpg] sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= *#,%)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

7= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no alb{of M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no alb{ofsf sfof{no k|d'v >L a'4 k|sfz kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq alb{of lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #$% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ljleGG ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %! j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut #& j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], #% j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf], s'n ;xsf/L ;+:yf dWo] $^ j6f lgis[o cj:yfdf /x]sf] / b'O{ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L Pp6f ;+:yf agfpg] sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ^%,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

8= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, afFs] M o; sfof{no cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q e]/L, /fKtL / s0ff{nL c~rnsf !% j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ afFs] lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM (^ k|ltzt / (%=% k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM *( k|ltzt / *! k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf ^&# / k'?if $$^ u/L !!!( hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], afFs] lhNnfdf $!) j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg % j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf], #& j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, ? ^$,#)) u}/ s/ /fhZj ;+sng ul/Psf] / dlxnfåf/f

95

;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %% j6f /x]sf] lyof] . o; cf=j=df sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ;'wf/ cGt/ut 5fqfjf; ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfd ;DkGg ePsf] t/ ah]6 sd ePsf]n] cfufdL cf=a= df ? @^,%),))) e'QmfgL lbg afFsL /x]sf] ;fy} kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ;d]t ug{' kg]{ Joxf]/f k|rfo{ >L k|sfz /fh kf}8]nn] atfpg' eof] .

9= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfªsf sfof{no k|d'v >L ljgf]b s'df/ kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq bfª, Ko'7fg, ;Nofg, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %&#, !%*, !#%, !#! / !@% u/L hDdf !!@@ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, #, @, $ / # ;d]t !& j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof @)& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut % j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL ul/Psf], !)( j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf], o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,)&,^)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

10= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no slkna:t' M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfªsf sfof{no k|d'v >L n]vgfy kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ &&=^$ k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ &^=^@ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq slknj:t' / c3f{vfrL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM $%& / !$& u/L hDdf ^)$ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM # / @ ;d]t % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= (!,&)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

11= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ?kGb]xL M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf sfof{no k|d'v >LdtL /df cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM ^$( /x]sf]

96

/ ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @$ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @* j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ^!,%)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

12= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no kfNkf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no kfNkfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L ?Sdfut cof{nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq kfNkf / u'NdL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM @@& / @@% u/L hDdf $%@ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % / ^ j6f u/L hDdf !! j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #^ / #& u/L hDdf &# j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut * j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @* j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ##,@%) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

13= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no :ofª\hf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no :ofª\hfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L s[i0f axfb'/ s'Fj/n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f lhNnf :ofª\hf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof #)@ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof #! j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @# j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @( j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

14= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, sf:sL M o; sfof{no cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q u08sL, n'lDjgL / wjnflu/L c~rnsf !^ j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ sf:sL lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM ((=*$ k|ltzt / ((=*^ k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf &%$ / k'?if %!( u/L !@&# hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], sf:sL

97

lhNnfdf %^# j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg ^ j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf], @# j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, % j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL, ? !,@@,!)) u}/s/ /fh:j ;+sng ul/Psf] / dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^@ j6f /x]sf] Aoxf]/f hfgsf/L eof] . pQm cf=j=df sfof{no ejg tyf kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f k|rfo{ >L gf/fo0f k|;fb cof{nn] atfpg' eof] .

15= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, afUn'ª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no afUn'ªsf lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L lu/L axfb'/ s]=;L=n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq afUn'ª, kj{t, DofUbL / d':tfª lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM #*@, @*), !*@ / #% u/L hDdf *&( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM &, %, % / ) ;d]t !& j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)* j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut * j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L # j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], !$# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

16= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, tgx'F M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tgx'Fsf sfof{no k|d'v >L uf}td e08f/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ ((=() k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=(@ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq tgxF', uf]/vf, ndh'ª / dgfª lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM ##), #*&, @*! / * u/L hDdf !))^ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM ^, ^, $ / ) ;d]t !^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !(& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut $ j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L @ j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], !&$ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf & ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= ((,!)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

17= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, g'jfsf]6 M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no g'jfsf]6sf sfof{no k|d'v >L /f]dfsfGt sfˆn]n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd

98

tkm{ efl/t tkm{ ((=() k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=($ k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq g'jfsf]6 / /;'jf lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM $#! / !@^ u/L hDdf %%& /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM $ / ) ;d]t $ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *^ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @ j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L ! j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], #* j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf ( ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= @&,@)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

18= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no gjnk/f;L M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no gjnk/f;Lsf sfof{no k|d'v >L af;'b]j e§/fO{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f lhNnf gjnk/f;L /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof $^( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)@ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @# j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, !^ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= %^,*)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

19= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wflbª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wflbªsf sfof{no k|d'v >L s[i0f axfb'/ af]x/fn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf wflbª /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof $)! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &* j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut * j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, #! j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= #@,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

20= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg M o; sfof{no

99

cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q afudlt, gf/fo0fL / hgsk'/ c~rnsf !( j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ lrtjg lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / (*=^) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / (*=%& k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf ^)! / k'?if %## u/L !!#$ hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], lrtjg lhNnfdf ^$* j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg * j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf], #$ j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, @@ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:Yff Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], ? !,^!,()) u}/s/ /fh:j ;+sng ul/Psf] / dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof (& j6f /x]sf] Aoxf]/f sfof{nosf k|frfo{ >L s]zj axfb'/ yfkfn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .

21= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sf7df08f}+ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sf7df08f}+sf sfof{no k|d'v >L an/fd lg/f}nfn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=^# k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf sf7df08f}+ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof #^*% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ^ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !^& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !( j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], %# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !),^$, *)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

22= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no nlntk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no nlntk'/sf sfof{no k|d'v >L /fdxl/ nfld5fg]n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf nlntk'/ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)#( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ( j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *& j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut

100

* j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], #% j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,(^,)%) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

23= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no eQmk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no eQmk'/sf sfof{no k|d'v >L 8]s /fh kf]v/]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (&=#& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ *!=$& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf eQmk'/ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^@! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^# j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !^ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / ?=^),))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof]

24= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfe|] M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfe|]sf sfof{no k|d'v >L xl/ kf}8]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (*=** k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=%! k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq sfe|]knf~rf]s / l;Gw'kfNrf]s b'O{ lhNnf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM !#^$ / ^@% ;d]t hDdf !(*( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM & / ^ u/L hDdf !# j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof @&@ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut * j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], &# j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= *&,*&% u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

25= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/sf sfof{no k|d'v >L eLd axfb'/ kl/of/n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf dsjfgk'/ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %!& /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]

101

;+Vof ($ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !& j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L @ j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], @$ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= &&,@)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

26= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bf]nvf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bf]nvfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L df]xg clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq bf]nvf / /fd]5fk b'O{ lhNnf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %!# / $!@ ;d]t hDdf (@% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM ^ / $ u/L hDdf !) j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof (( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], ^& j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,(!,%)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

27= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no k;f{ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no k;f{sf sfof{no k|d'v >L z+s/ /fh kf7sn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf k;f{ /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^)* /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ # j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %@ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut $$ j6f ;+:yfsf] gofF btf{, !# j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL / ?= !,%%,#)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

28= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no af/f M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no af/fsf lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L d'/f/L k|;fb ltdlN;gfn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=(* k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf af/f /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &%% /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L

102

u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %% j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !* j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], &) j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,)$,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

29= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no /f}tx6 M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no /f}tx6sf lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L dw';'wg pkfWofon] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (( k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (( k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf /f}tx6 /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof ^^$ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ % j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *^ j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !@ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], !!@ j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= @@,))) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

30= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xL M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;nf{xLsf sfof{no k|d'v >L /ljGb| ofbjn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ @^=^# k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ @&=%) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . nIo cg';f/sf] k|ult xfl;n x'g g;Sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f tkm{ ljlgof]lht ah]6 vr{ ug{' kj{ df6f] kl/If0f, gfk gS;f tof/L, nfut cg'dfg tof/L / :jLs[tL, cy{dGqfnosf] ;xdlt / af]nkq cfXjfg cflb h:tf k|s[of k'/f ug{ nfdf] ;do nfu]sf]n] ejg lgdf{0f tkm{sf] ah]6 vr{ x'g' g;ls lk|mh ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf ;nf{xL /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *#^ /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ $ j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ^ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, #) j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= %),$%) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

31= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iff M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wg'iffsf

103

lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L k/d]Zj/ ofbjn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ *%=^& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ *%=^% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq wg'iff, dxf]Q/L / l;Gw'nL u/L tLg lhNnf /x]sf], tL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM *!), ^&! / $&& ;d]t hDdf !(%* /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, & / & u/L hDdf !( j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof @*) j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ( j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, # j6f ;+:yfsf] Plss/0f u/L ! j6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf], !** j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,(),%)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

32= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no l;/fxf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no l;/fxfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L /]vgfy bfxfnn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (&=*% k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq l;/fxf / ;Kt/L b'O{ lhNnf /x]sf,] tL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM %#$ / %&( ;d]t hDdf !!!# /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM % / # u/L hDdf * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)! j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !* j6f ;+:yf btf{ vf/]hL, (^ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ / ?= *&,*&% u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

33= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, pbok'/ M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no pbok'/sf sfof{no k|d'v >L k'0o k|;fb kf}8]n cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (*=&& k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=(( k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq pbok'/, vf]6fª, cf]vn9'+uf / ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM @&), !%^, !#& / %& u/L hDdf ^@) /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM #, !, ! / # ;d]t * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof (( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @

104

j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L ! j6f ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf], ^% j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf * ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= $!,%)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

34= ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, ;'g;/L M o; sfof{no cGt/ut k|lzIf0f tkm{ o; sfof{nosf] sfo{If]q ;u/dfyf, sf]zL / d]rL c~rnsf !^ j6f lhNnf / lgodg tkm{ ;'g;/L lhNnf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt /x]sf], ;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f tkm{ efl/t / ljQLo k|ult qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / !)) k|ltzt xfl;n ePsf], dlxnf ^!! / k'?if %#@ u/L !!$# hgf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf], ;'g;/L lhNnfdf %*% j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ljleGg % j6f ;xsf/L ;+3x? ;+rfngdf /x]sf], $@ j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{, $ j6f ;+:yfsf] vf/]hL / dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)) j6f /x]sf] Aoxf]/f hfgsf/L eof] . pQm cf=j=df sfof{no ejg tyf kl/;/ ;'wf/sf] sfd ;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] Joxf]/f lgldQ k|rfo{ >L u'?eQm >]i7n] atfpg' eof] .

35= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wgs'6f M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no wgs'6fsf sfof{no k|d'v >L uf]/v ld> cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (^ k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (^=@) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq wgs'6f, ef]hk'/, ;+v'jf;ef / t]Xy'd lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof qmdzM @&%, !%&, !!% / !%@ u/L hDdf ^(( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM $, #, @ / $ ;d]t !# j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof *( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut !$$ j6f ;+:yf gofF btf{ ul/Psf] / lgis[o ?kdf /x]sf !)* j6f ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,!#,^)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

36= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no df]/ª M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no df]/ªsf lgldQ sfof{no k|d'v >L clDasf k|;fb rf}nfufO{n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ (* k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ (& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q

105

leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf df]/ª /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !)%! /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ * j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !## j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut #) j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, ** j6f gofF ;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] / @ j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L Pp6f ;+:yf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= !,@#,!)! u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

37= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no emfkf M l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no emfkfsf sfof{no k|d'v >L g]q k|;fb l3ld/]n] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ !)) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ ((=* k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pp6f dfq lhNnf emfkf /x]sf] ;f] lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof &() /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ ( j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !!* j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @ j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, @ j6f ;+:yfsf] x/lx;fj km/kmf/]s u/L lnlSj8]z]g, *@ j6f gofF ;+3÷;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] / $ j6f ;+:yf Plss/0f u/L @ ;+:yf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut ?= (*,*)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

38= l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no OnfdM l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no Onfdsf sfof{no k|d'v >L dfwj k|;fb kf]v/]nn] cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 k|ult k|:t't ub}{ cf=j= )&)÷&! df sfo{qmd tkm{ efl/t tkm{ ((=!) k|ltzt / ljQLo tkm{ !)) k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . o; sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq tLg j6f lhNnf Onfd, kfFry/ / tfKn]h'Ë lhNnf /x]sf] tL lhNnfdf k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof %@@, @!# / !#$ u/L hDdf *^( /x]sf] / ;+3 tkm{ qmdzM %, $ / @ u/L hDdf !! j6f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L dlxnfåf/f ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof !!( j6f /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o; l8lehg sfof{no cGt/ut @! j6f ;+:yf vf/]hL, % j6f ;+:yfsf] x/lx;fj km/kmf/]s u/L lnlSj8]z]g, $& j6f gofF ;+3÷;+:yf btf{ ul/Psf] / ?= !,@%,!)) u}/s/ /fhZj c;'nL ul/Psf] lyof] .

106

dfly pNn]lvt ljleGg sfof{nox?af6 sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;du|df lgDgfg';f/sf ;d:of, k|ltlqmof / ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP M

tfnLddf ;xefuLx?n] k|fKt ug]{ eQfsf] gD;{ w]/} k'/fgf ePsf]n]

;do ;fk]If ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{ .

k'/fgf ;femf / ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;DktL, bfloTj lwtf] ;DjGwdf dGqfno / ljefun] cjfZos lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{ .

tfnLd sfo{qmdx?nfO{ qmdzM ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ .

;xefuLx?af6 ;DjlGwt sfof{nox?df hgzlQm tyf ef}lts >f]t ;fwgx?sf] sdL ePsf]n] k'lt{ ug{ cg'/f]w e} cfPsf] lyof] . sfof{nodf ;jf/L ;fwg, kmlg{r/, sDKo'6/, dN6Ld]l8of, Sofd]/f cflb ck|ofKt ePsf]n] k'/f ul/lbg Wofgfsif{0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] btf{ u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] /]s8{ cWofjlws ug{ / lgoldt ug{ sl7gfO{ ePsf] ;d:of .

;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+VofTds j[l4nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L u'0ffTds j[l4df hf]8 lbg' kg]{ / o;sf nflu btf{ k|s[ofnfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ / Plss/0fnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ cfjZos k|s[of cuf8L j9fpg' kg]{ .

j}b]lzs tfnLd, cWoog e|d0fdf lhNnfaf6 klg ;dfg'kflts 9+un] ;dfj]z ubf{ pko'Qm x'g] .

;kmn ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ .

ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if / o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]ifsf] sfo{qmd ;xsf/L dfkm{t sfof{Gjog ug{ ljefu / dGqfnon] ;lqmo kxn / cWoog ug'{ kg]{ .

107

kfrf} ;q -;dfkg ;q_ M jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkg ;df/f]x ldlt )&!.$.#) ut] lbp;f] ^M)) jh] ;xsf/L ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nHosf] cWoIftfdf ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf pk–;lrj >L afa'/fd e';fn, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf sfo{qmd lgb]{zs >L Zofd k|;fb e08f/L ;d]tsf cltlyx?sf] pkl:yltdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd ;+rfng ljefusf j=s[lif cy{lj1 lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/n] ug{' ePsf] lyof] . ;dfkg ;qdf >Ldfg /lhi6«f/Hoaf6 pkl:yt ;a} kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;s[o ;xeflutfsf] nfuL wGo lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] vf/]hL, zx/ s]lGb|t / 7'nf artC0f ;xsf/Lsf] ;3g cg'udg, sfddf nfk/jflx ug]{ 7]sbf/nfO{ hl/jfgf, sfof{no ;/;kmfO{ / clen]v Joj:yfkgdf hf]8, sd{rf/L tflnd, tflnd / cg';GwfgnfO{ Ps};fy cuf8L a9fpg], ejg lgdf{0fsf] /0fgLlt agfpg], cleofgaf6 k[i7kf]if0f lnP/ sfd ug]{, ;+3x?sf] Ifdtf lasf; ug]{ / :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ;d]t ;fwg ;|f]t kl/rfng u/L sfd ug{ sfof{no k|d'vx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . sfo{qmdsf ;efklt tyf dGqfnosf ;x;lrj >L /fds[i0f ;'j]bLHo'n] ;a} k|t'tstf{x?sf] k|:t'tL ;'gL;s]kl5 af]l8{Ë :s'n / ;xsf/LnfO{ t'ngf ub}{ sfg'g pNnª\3g ug]{ hf] sf]lx nfO{ ;hfo ug{'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . To;}u/L ;x;lrj ;'j]bLn] l8lehg sfof{nox?sf] k|:t'tL /fd|f] ePsf]df ;/fxgf ub}{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] Jo?h' z'Go agfpg sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfofGjog ug{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . sd{rf/L k|zf;gnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ clws[t :t/ eGbf dfyLsf ;a}sf] JolQmut ljj/0f /fVg' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . cGtdf o; ;qsf] ;efkltsf] tkm{af6 ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ wGojfb lbb} ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkg ug{'eof] . k|ult ;dLIffs} qmddf ljefusf /lhi6«f/ >L lji0f'xl/ kf}8]nHon] dftxtsf lgsfox?df >f]t ;fwgsf] ;d:of /x]sf] cfkm'nfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf] / >f]t ;fwg o'Qm jgfpg ljefu lqmoflzn ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' x'b} l;ldt >f]t ;fwgsf] dxQd k|of]u u/L gful/snfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ / ;xsf/L lgodg / k|j4{gdf v/f] pqg ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg' eof] . >f]t ;fwgsf] k|fyldsLs/0f ub}{ cl3 j9\g, pbfx/0fLo sfdx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ / Innovative sfdx?sf] c? ;dsIfLx?;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/L l;Sg

108

l;sfpg ;d]t lgb]{zg lbg' eof] . ;fy} o; k|sf/sf/ uf]i7L gLltut ?kdf k[i7kf]if0f ug{ Hofb} pkof]uL x'g] s'/f cf}Nofpg' x'Fb} uf]i7Lsf] ;f/x? k|ult k|ltj]bgsf] ?kdf ljefuaf6 k|fKt x'g]g}5 eGg] ljZjf; AoQm ug'{ eof] .

109

^=@ ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf k|:t't ul/Psf sfo{kqx? s_ ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{utsf sfof{noaf6 cf=j= )&).&! df

;+rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/] al/i7 s[lif cy{lj1

g]kfndf ;xsf/Lsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld ;of} jif{ b]lv ;d'bfodf cfk;L ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfgsf] dfWodsf] ?kdf

kl/lrt ;xsf/L k|0ffnL– l9s'/L, kdf{, u'7L, wd{esf/L, lsk6 cflb . ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf lj=;+= @)!) g]kfndf @)!# r}q @) df :yflkt k|yd ;xsf/L ;+:yf - jvfg ;xsf/L

;+:yf _ ;xsf/L ;+:yf P]g, @)!^ tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yf lgodfjnL, @)!* hf/L ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf, @)!( ;femf ;+:yf P]g, @)$! tyf ;femf ;+:yf lgodfjnL, @)$# hf/L ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( hf/L ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt/utsf sfof{nox?sf] k'gM ;+/rgf /fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( hf/L ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf, @)^( h]i7 %

g]kfndf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg s/Lj ^& k|ltzt hgtf s[lifdf cfwf/Lt s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf s[lifsf] of]ubfg s/Lj ## k|ltzt /fli6|o cy{tGqdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg # k|ltzt k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 .

;+:yf ;+Vof #),@%@ ;+3 ##), ;b:o ;+Vof sl/j $$ nfv -$$Ü dlxnf ;b:o_.

ljlQo If]qdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] of]ubfg !* k|ltzt /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ;xs/L If]qjf6 s/Lj ? #%) cj{sf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf]5 .

-z]o/ k""hL s/Lj #( cj{, art kl/rfng s/Lj ?=!^# cj{, nufgL s/Lj ? !%* cj{_ ;xsf/L If]qaf6 %# xhf/ hgzlQmnfO{ k|ToIf / s/La & nfv

JolQmnfO{ ck|ToIf /f]huf/L . Nffvf} hgtfnfO{ pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf ,Joj;fo dfkm{t /f]huf/L ;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts / hgr]tgfsf] If]qdf ct'ngLo of]ubfg

110

;xsf/L If]qdf ;/sf/sf] pkl:ylt ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] :yfkgf–@)^( ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf– @)!) -ljefudf xfn #% hgf dfq

sd{rf/Lx?sf] b/jGbL+ Joj:yf /x]sf]_ s]lGb|o ;xsf/L tfnLd s]Gb| !, If]qLo :t/df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f l8lehg sfof{no % -;'g;/L, lrtjg, sf:sL, afFs] / s}nfnL_ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ##, -Onfd, emfkf, wgs'6f, df]/+u, l;/fxf, pbok'/, wg'iff, ;nf{xL,

bf]nvf, jf/f, k;f{, /f}tx6, dsjfgk'/, sfe|], g'jfsf]6, wflbË, sf7df08f}, nlntk'/, eQmk'/, gjnk/f;L, tgx', :ofËhf, kfNkf, ?kGb]xL, jfun'ª, slknj:t', bf+ª, ;'v]{t, jlb{of, sGrgk'/, 8f]6L, h'Dnf / a}t8L_

/fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; jf]8{ -dfggLo dGqLHo"sf] cWoIftfdf_

;xsf/L ljefu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xsf/L If]qsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo .

cf=j=@)^! ;fndf=;xsf/L ljefusf] k'g;+/rgf x'bf ^* lhNnf ;xsf/L sfof{nojf6 #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no sfod .

ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] u7g / ;+rfng Joj:yf . g]kfndf ;xsf/L d"No, dfGotf, tyf l;4fGt cg';f/ ;xsf/L

;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L .

;xsf/L If]qsf] gLlt lgdf{0f, ;+3, ;+:yfx?sf] lgodg, k|j4{g, Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;/sf/ / ;xsf/L If]q aLrsf] ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ lgsfo .

111

ljefu / cGtu{t sd{rf/L b/jGbL ljj/0f

kb >]0fL :jLs[t b/jGbL

kbklt{ l/Qm s}lkmot

/fhkqf+lst *^ &$ !# pk ;lrj :t/–$, zfvf clws[t :t/–(

/fhkq cg+lst

#^( @(( &) Gffoa;'Aaf–@@, n]vfkfn–#, ;=n]=kf=–^, ;=;=lg–@$, s=c=–!, ;=s=c=–!$

>]0fL ljlxg !#( !#( )

hDdf %($ %@% *#

;xsf/L sfof{nosf] Eff}lts cj:yf cfkmg} ejg ePsf sfof{no @& -ljefu / s]=;=k|=s] ;d]t_,

lgdf{0fflwg sfof{no @ -df]/ª / ;nf{xL_,

ejg gePsf sfof{nosf] ;+Vof !! -l;/xf, sf7df8f}, nlntk'/, eQmk'/, sfe|], gjnk/f;L, :ofª\hf, slknj:t', h'Dnf, alb{of, 8f]6L_

;jf/L ;fwg !% -uf8L !) j6f rfn', % j6f sfd gnfUg] _

Dff]6/ ;fO{sn -*) dWo] %( rfn', @! rNg g;Sg]_

;j} sfof{nox?df sDKo"6/ tyf kmofS; ;'ljwf

cg'udg, lg/LIf0f tyf lgodg lgsfosf] nfuL df]6/ ufl8 / cGo ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] cefj /x]sf]5 .

112

;xsf/L ;DjGwL gLlt, of]hgf / P]g lgod

/fli6«o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( :jLs[t ePsf] .

;xsf/L P]gdf /x]sf] lgodgsf/L Joj:yf ckof{Kt /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf] u'? of]hgf th'{df gePsf] cj:yf 5 . cfjlws of]hgf tyf cGo gLltx?df ;d]t ;xsf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf

;fdfGo Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o s[lif gLlt, @)^! tyf s[lif Joj;fo k|jw{g gLlt, @)^$ df

;xsf/L k|j4{g ;DaGwL s]xL k|fjwfg pNn]v 5 . ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ ;xsf/Lsf l;4fGt, d"No / dfGotfdf cfwfl/t

eP/ :jLs[lt lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .

;xsf/L P]g @)$* sf] Joj:yf b]zdf s[ifs, sfnLu9, sdk"FhLjfn / lgDg cfoju{ >lds,

e"ldlxg tyf j]/f]huf/ jf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{n] ;j{;fwf/0f pkef]Qmfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] nfuL kf/:kl/s ;xof]u / ;xsf/Ltfsf] cfwf/df ljleGg lsl;dsf ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] u7g / ;+rfng ;DjGwL Joj:yf ug{ jg]sf] P]g .

P]gdf ;+:yf jf ;+3sf] u7g, ;b:otf, ;+:yf ;+3sf] sfo{;+rfng ljlw,/lhi6|f/sf] lgo"lQm / clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg,;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] cfly{s >f]t kl/rfng, Plss/0f / ljefhg, ;"rgf clen]v tyf lx;fj hf+r, ;+:yf jf ;+3nfO{ 5'6 / ;'ljwf, ;+:yf jf ;+3sf] lj36g / btf{ vf/]hL / b08 hl/jfgf ;DjGwL Joj:yf /x]sf 5g .

;xsf/L P]g w]/} k'/fgf] ePsf]n] tTsfn ;'wf/sf] vfFrf] 5 .

113

;xsf/L ljefu, sfof{nox?jf6 ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfdx?M

;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf lgodfjnL @)$( cg';f/ ;Dkfbg ul/g' kg]{ sfdx?

;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] btf{ ug]{ . ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ljlgdo ;+;f]wg ug]{ . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] lgl/If0f ug]{ .

;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] lx;fj tyf ljj/0f bflvnf u/fpg] . ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] n]vf k/LIf0fsf lgldQ n]vf k/LIfs tf]Sg]

.

;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] Plss/0f jf ljefhg ug]{ . ;+:yfx?sf] lj36g / btf{ vf/]h ug]{ .

;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfn] kfpg] 5'6 ;'ljwfsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{ . ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] lnlSj8]zg ;DjGwL sfo{ ug]{ .

;xsf/L ;+3;+:Yffx?sf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f M k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? #),@%@

lhNnf ;+3x? ^(

ljifout lhNnf ;+3x? @$!

ljifout s]lGb|o ;+3x? !*

/fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 !

/fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s !

hDdf #),%*@

114

cf=j )&)÷&! df ;Dkflbt d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x?

gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xeflutf -;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] ;+zf]wg d:of}bf, ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&) sf] d:of}bf, ;xsf/L P]g @)$* sf] ;+zf]wg d:of}bf cfbL_

/fHoe/ cf=j= @)&)÷&! df &@^ ;+:yf btf{, ;xsf/L pBd k|j4{g cg'bfg -pRr d'Nosf s[lif j:t' k|zf]wg ^, dlxnfåf/f vfB k|zf]wg ^, blnt k]zf k|j4{g #, s[lif kmfd{ @*_ #*@ j6f lgis[o ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8]zg / ;+:yf Plss/0f .

;xsf/L k|j4{g / ljsf; ;DalGw uf]i7L ;DkGg -# k6s_, gd'gf lhNnf ;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;+rfng -wgs'6f, bf]nvf, kfNkf, /f]Nkf, s~rgk'/ / a}t8L_,

l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, wg'iff / /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f

If]qLo :t/df $ j6f ;"rgf Joj:yfkg tyf jh]6÷sfo{s|d th'{df uf]i7L ;DkGg

g]kfne/ ;+rflnt ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLaf6 cBfjlws u/L g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] Plss[t tYof+sLo ljj/0f tyf lhNNff k|f]kmfon k|sfzg

;xsf/L ;r]tgf k'l:tsf, ;xsf/L ;b:o lzIff dfnf, ;xsf/L P]g lgod tyf dfkb08 ;Fufnf] k|sfzg, ;xsf/L bk0f{ k|sfzg, ;xsf/Lsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro gfds c+u|]lh k'l:tsf / ;xsf/L a|f];/ k|sfzg, $!* j6f 7"nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg, :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmdsf] s]Gb| / lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{x? ;DkGg .

;xsf/L hfu/0fsf] nflu a[Qlrq lgdf{0f -!_, lhªun lgdf{0f -@_, >Jo÷b[Zo /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgdf k|zf/0f -@!_, ;xsf/L ;"rgf k|sfzg -#^_ k6s

sfof{no tyf kl/of]hgf cg'udg lg/LIf0f &% k6s .

cg'bfg tkm{ ;xsf/L ;fem]bf/Ldf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ $# j6f ;xsf/L pBdnfO{ ? ! s/f]8 ##\ nfv, /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ;d]tsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=! s/f]8 / lzte08f/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?= ! s/f]8 cg'bfg ljt/0f .

;xsf/L ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd tkm{ l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no dfkm{t *)* k"j{ ;xsf/L lzIff tflndaf6 @),@)) hgfnfO{ Ps lbg] k|lzIf0f k|bfg, @%* ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflndaf6 ^$%) hgfnfO{ @ lbg] tflnd k|bfg / !*$ ;xsf/L n]vf Aoj:yfkg tflndaf6 $^)) hgfnfO{ ^ lbg] tflnd k|bfg .

s]=;=k|= s]Gb|jf6 &–#) lbg ;Ddsf] #^ j6f ljleGg tfnLd ;+rfng u/L ()) hgfnfO{ tflnd k|bfg .

115

ah]6 ljlgof]hg tyf pkof]usf] l:ylt -@)&)÷&!_

/sd ? xhf/df sfo{s|dåah]̂ pklzif{s

jh]̂ ljlgof ]hg

jh]̂ lgsf;f

ah]̂ vr{ vr{ k|ltzt

;xsf/L If]q ;b[l(s/)f c fof]hgf -352134 3÷4_

11,05,40 10,34,02 10,34,02 93=54

;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb| -312133 3÷4_

4,89,58 4,86,04 4,86,04 99=28

;fwf/)f ljefu - 312017 3÷4_

1,25,70 1,24,64 1,24,64 99=15

;fwf/)f, lhNnf

-312018 3÷4_

15,29,91 14,38,12 14,38,12 94=00

cf=j= 2070÷71 sf] efl/t tyf ljlQo k|ult ;f/f+z

qm=;+=

sfo{qmd jflif {s efl/t k|ult

jflif {s ljQLo k|ult

1 ;xsf/L ljefu 90=00 96=21

2 ;xsf/L If]q ;"b[(Ls/)f c fof]hgf -352134–3å4_ -Psd"i&_

90=87 93=54

3 ;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb|

-352133–3å4_ -Psd"i&_

99=49 99=28

116

;xsf/L ljefuaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x? M qm=

;+ sfo{qmd nIo k|ult k|ltz

t

s_ ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf kl/of]hgf cg'udg 150 75 50

v_ ;xsf/L >Job[io lgdf0f{ -j[Qlrq tyf lh+un_ 2 2 100

u_ ;xsf/L >Ao b[Zo ;fdfu|L k|zf/0f -k6s_ 21 21 100

3_ ;xsf/L ;"rgf ;+k]|z0f -k6s_ 36 36 100

ª_ ljefu :t/Lo jflif{s k|ult ;ldIff -k6s_ 1 1 100

r_ ;xsf/L ljefusf] jflif{s k|ult tyf cGo k':ts,k'l:tsf k|sfzg -uf]6f_

10 8 80

h_ ;xsf/L zLt3/ lgdf{0f cg'bfg 2 2 100

em_ cGt{/fli6«o cjnf]sg e|d0f -k6s_ 3 3 100

`_ 7'nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg d"NofÍg

500 418

84

6_ jh]6 th'{df tyf ;"rgf Aoj:yfkg If]qLo uf]i7L 4 4 100

7_ ;xsf/L k|j4{g uf]i7L –pTkfbg, ;]jf / ljQLo_ 3 3 100

8_ sfo{ljlw th'{df tyf ;xsf/L gd"gf ljlgod lgdf{0f

3 3 100

9_ /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f cg'bfg 1 1 100

0f_ s[lifhGo ;xsf/L pBf]ux?nfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0f 50 43 86

t_ ;xsf/L ljefusf] kl/;/ ;'wf/ 1 1 100

y_ ;xsf/L ljefu / cGt{ut sfof{nosf] nflu kmlg{r/ vl/b k6s

2 2 100

117

;=k| tyf l8=sf % / l8=;=sf ## jf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x?

qm=;+ sfo{qmd nIo k|ult k|ltzt

s_ ;rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s Joj:yfkg / k|sfzg

38 38 100

v_ s[ifs ;dx ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff

808 808 100

u_ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]h tyf lnlSj8]]zg

309 382 124

3_ ;+3 ;+:yx?sf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f -lhNnf:t/_ 7878 7738 98

ª_ ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / ;dGjosf nflu ;xsf/L sdL{x?sf] cGt{lqmof

38 38 100

r_ ;xsf/L lbj; 38 38 100

h_ ;xsf/L hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / ljt/0f tyf Pkm=Pd= k|zf/0f

114 114 100

em_ ;xsf/L ;rgf k|sfzg 152 149 98

`_ ;xsf/L ;rgf ;+hfn lj:tf/ 38 38 100

6_ nfOg Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/L;+u ;xsf/L ljifos cGt/ls|of

38 38 100

7_ ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tfnLd 258 258 100

9_ ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd 184 177 96

0f_ ejg lgdf{0f – /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= / l8=;=sf= wg'iff

2 2 100

t_ kmlg{r/ vl/b –ljefu, s]=;=k|=s]=–! / l8=;=sf=–##

35 35 100

y_ ;fj{hlgs ;Dkltsf] ;+ef/ - ljefu, bf]nvf, sf:sL, s}nfnL, df]/ª, pbok'/, bfª, a}t8L, /f}tx6, g'jfsf]6, kfNkf, s~rgk'/,

12 12 100

118

s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|4f/f ;Dkflbt sfo{x? M ;Dkflbt sfo{qmdx? nIo k|ult k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -clws[t :t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ !% lbg] ! -@%_ !-@%_

k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -;xfos :t/ sd{rf/Lx?_ - !% lbg]_ @-%)_ @-%)_

pBdlzntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j{4g tflnd - !) lbg]_ @-%)_ @-%)_

Joj:yfkg lzk ljsf; tflnd - !% lbg] _ @-%)_ @-%)_

/0fg}lts of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL tflnd - !) lbg] _ #-&%_ #-&%_

Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd - !) lbg] _ @-%)_ @-%)_

k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd - !% lbg] _ !)-@%)_ !)-@%)_

;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg / n]vfkfng tflnd - #) lbg] _ #-&%_ #-&%_

;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd -lhNnfdf_ & lbg] &-!&%_ &-!&%_

;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLd -!) lbg]_ #-&%_ #-&%_

;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf cg'udg tyf kN;{ cg'udg tfnLd -!) lbg]_ ! -@%_ ! -@%_

hDdf tfnLd ;+Vof k|lzIffly{ #^ -())hgf_ #^ -()) hgf_

Dofg'cn, d'vkq / tflnd ;fdfu|L tof/L / k|sfzg -k6s_ ^ ^

cg'udg dNofÍg -k6s_ @& @&

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf] 9n lgdf{0f ;'wf/ ! !

d]lzg/L vl/b -;+Vof_ !) !)

;jf/L ;fwg vl/b -a;, sf/_ @ @

;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox? - %_ jf6 ;+rflnt tfnLdM ;+rflnt sfo{s|dx? nIo k|ult

cfwf/et ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tflnd @&-^&%_ @&-^&%_

cfwf/et ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd #$-*%)_ #$-*%)_

ljifout ;xsf/L clea[l4 tflnd %-!@%_ %-!@%_

cfwf/et ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd @^-^%)_ @^-^%)_

clen]v Joj:yfkg tflnd %-!@%_ %-!@%_

;xsf/L ;r]tgf @)-%))_ !(-$&%_

hDdf !!& -@(@%_ !!^ -@())_

5fqjf; lgdf{0f -afFs] / ;'g;/L_ @ @

119

;xsf/L pBf]u k|j4{g M /sd ? xhf/df

qm=;+ pBf]usf] lsl;d ;+Vof cg'bfg

s_ lrof sf/vfgf :yfkgf 1 5,00

v_ pv' k|zf]wg pBd -ld7f_ 1 3,00

u_ dlxnf 4f/f vfB k|zf]wg pBd 7 17,00

3_ b'Uw k|zf]wg pBd 1 4,00

ª_ s[lif kmfd{ :yfkgf cg'bfg -ufO{, afv|f, a+u'/ / df5f_

28 90,00

r_ blnt k]zf cfw'lgsLs/0f cg'bfg 3 8,00

5_ cb'jf k|zf]wg 1 3,00

h_ skmL k|zf]wg 1 3,00

hDdf 43 1,33,00

;xsf/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f -;xsf/L ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd_

qm=;+ pBf]usf] lsl;d ;+Vof cg'bfg /sd ? xhf/df

s}lkmot

s_ zLt3/ lgdf{0f cg'bfg

2 1,00,00 lrtjg / :of+hf

v_ /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ejg lgdf{0f

1 1,00,00

hDdf 3 2,00,00

120

;xsf/L ljefu / cGtu{tsf] j]?h /sdsf] l:ylt

j]?h' ljj/)f j]?h' /sd ? km%of}{̂ /sd ? jf+sL j]?h' ?=

km%of}{̂

k|ltzt

c f=j= 059å60 ;Ddsf] j]?h' /sd

-d=n]=k=sf] jflif {s k|ltj]bg 2061_

0 0 0 0

c f=j= 060å61 b]lv 067å68 ;Ddsf] j]?h' /sd -d=n]=k=sf] jflif {s k|ltj]bg 2068_

1,12,28,000 93,58,000 18,70,000 83=35

c f=j= 2068å069 df sfod a]?h -d=n]=k=sf] jflif {s k|ltj]bg 2069_

57,14,000 4,81,87,000 21,50,000 62=37

hDdf 1,69,42,000 1,29,22,000 40,20,000 76=27

c f=j= 2069å070 df yk a]?h hDdf afsL a]?h'

5,48,000 0 5,48,000

45,68,000

–

pknlAw ;DalGw ljj/0f qm=;= sfo{qmd pknlAw 1= ;d'x ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf kj{

;xsf/L lzIff tflnd ;+rfng

*)* j6f ;dxx? ;xsf/Ls/0f u/L @)@)) hgfnfO{ Ps lbg] kj{ ;xsf/L tflnd dfkm{t ;xsf/Lsf] u7g ;DalGw 1fg pknAw u/fO{Psf] .

2= ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg

$!* j6f ;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udgaf6 ;xsf/L ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ ePsf] .

3= ;xsf/L ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;

s]=;=k|=s]=af6 #^ / ;=k|=l8=sfaf6 !!^ ;d]t !%@ j6f tflnd ;~rfngaf6 #,*)) hgf JolQmx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg

4= ;xsf/L pBd k|j{4g -;/sf/–;xsf/L ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng_

lrof, b'Uw, dx, vfB k|zf]wg / ufO{, afv|f, df5f tyf a+u'/kfng Pjd\ blntsf] k]zf cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ $# j6f pBd k|j{4gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] .

5= ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] ef}lQs kjf{wf/ lgdf{0f

$ j6f ejg lgdf{0f ePsf] . wg'iff, jfs], ;'g;/L / /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg_

121

6= ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tyf n]vf ;+jGwL Ifdtf clej[l4 tfnLd

l8=;=sf=:t/af6 $#% j6f tflnd ;+rfng u/L !),*&% hgf JolQmnfO{ 5f]6f] ;dosf] tflnd k|bfg

7= ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yf btf{ -;+3– @^, ;+:yf– &@^_

&%@ j6f gofF ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] u7g u/L ;b:ox?aLr cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;zlQms/0fdf of]ubfg .

8= lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hL

#*@ j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]h u/L ;xsf/L lgodg tyf ;'zf;g k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfd ePsf] .

;d:ofx?M ;/sf/L lgodg / k|zf;g tkm{ M

gLlt, of]hgf / ah]6 sfo{qmd aLr c;dfgh:otf . lkmtnf] ;xsf/L P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfsf] sf/0f b08lxgtf . ;j} lhNnfdf sfof{no gePsf] -xfn #* lhNnfdf sfod_ hgzlQm b/aGbL sdL -sfdsf] t'ngfdf %($ sf] b/aGbL Hofb} sd_ kbklt{df sdL –xfn klg b/jGbL cg';f/ !# clws[t / &) hgf ;xfos sd{rf/L

;d]t *# hgfsf] kb klt{ gePsf] cj:yf 5 . hgzlQm pTk|]/0fsf] sdL, Ifdtf cefj, ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] sdL . hgzlQm , ef}lts tyf ljlQo ;fwgsf] sdL .

;xsf/L If]q ljsf; tkm{

;xsf/L l;4fGt, P]g, lgod / ljlgod kfngfdf pbfl;gtfsf sf/0f ;xsf/L ;'zf;g sfod ug{df ;d:of .

;xsf/Lsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/Ltfsf] lzIff tyf 1fgsf] sdL . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsf/L lgodg ug{ sfggsf] cefj . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0fsf] nfuL hgzlQm, ;fwg>f]t / kjf{wf/sf]

cefj . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?df pBdlzntf / Joj;flos Ifdtfsf] sdL . k'/fgf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;DklQ tyf bfloTj km/kmf/sdf ;d:of . ;+:yf ;+rfnsx?df OdfGbf/Ltf tyf Jofj;foLstfsf] sdL .

r'gf}tLx?M ;xsf/L If]q dfkm{t ul/aL lgjf/0f . lgodg, lgoGq0f, cg'udg / :jMcg'zf;g jLrsf] vf8n . ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljZj;lgotf / ;b:ox?sf] lxt ;+/If0f . ;Lldt ef}lts tyf dfgjLo >f]tjf6 Jofks If]qsf] lhDd]jf/L . ;xsf/L If]qdf u}/ ;b:o;+u sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng / ckf/bzL{ sf/f]jf/ . ;Lldt hgzlQm / gjzlQmzfnL ;+:yfx?sf] Joj:yfkg aLrsf] tfbfTDotf . ;/sf/L, ;xsf/L, u}/;/sf/L If]q jLrsf] ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ . ;b:ox?sf] ;+Vof / ;xsf/L lzIff, r]tgfsf] :t/ tyf Joj:yf . Zfx/L If]qdf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ / lgodgsf] rfk .

122

r'gf}tL ;dfwfgsf pkfox?M ;du| / If]qut ;xsf/L gLlt tyf of]hgf / cfjlws sfo{qmd th{df . dGqfno tyf ljefu / cGtu{tsf] ;+u7g k'g/fjnf]sg . hgzlQm Joj:yf, pTk|]/0ff, kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwf / ljlQo Joj:yf . ;xsf/L P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfx?df ;fdlos ;+zf]wg / gof+ th'{df ;+3 ;+:yf lgl/If0f tyf cg''udgsf] dfkb08 / ;+:yfut Joj:yf . ;xsf/L lzIff, r]tgf / hfu/0f tyf tflnddf gof+ ;f]r . ;xsf/L pBd ljsf;sf] nfuL PPCP cjwf/0ff cjnDag . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf nflu gLltut k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f . ;xsf/L pBdsf] k|j4{g / pTkfbg tyf /f]huf/L clej[l4 . ;xsf/L cleofg / g]kfn ;/sf/aLrsf] ;xsfo{, lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf . ;xsf/L lzIff, tfnLd / ;rgfsf] kx'r lj:tf/ .

123

kl/R5]b & n]v /rgf

&=!_ ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf cg'udgdf b]lvPsf

;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo lji0f'xl/ kf}8]n

♣

;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx? :jfoQ / :jtGq x'G5g\ . ;/sf/n] ;xhstf{ / pTk|]/ssf] sfd ub{5 . ;b:ox? dWo]af6 k|hftflGqs tj/n] ;+rfns ;ldlt, n]vf ;ldlt nufotsf cGo pk;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] rog u/L ;+3;+:yf ;+rfng / cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]n] ;xsf/LnfO{ Pp6f :jlgodgsf/L (Self regulatory) lgsfosf] ?kdf JofVof ul/G5 . ;xsf/L P]g / ;xsf/L lgodfjnLsf] kl/kfngf ug'{sf] ;fy} k|To]s ;+3;+:yfx?n] cf–cfˆgf]

;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx? ;fd'lxs Joj;fo jf pBd jf cfly{s lgsfox? (Economic Entities) x'g\ . ;xsf/L Aoj;fodf dflns, ;+rfns, ljt/s / pkef]ustf{ ;j} o;df ;+nUg ;b:ox? g} x'g . ;b:ox?sf] lxt g} ;xsf/L Joj;fosf] Wo]o (Mission) klg xf] . ;b:ox?sf] cfjZostf / rfxgf adf]lhd ;+3;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . ;b:ox?sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;xsf/L pBd Joj;fosf] 5gf}6 ul/G5 . ;xsf/L pBdaf6 cfly{s ultljlw k|efjsf/L pjd\ sfo{bIf agfpgsf] nflu Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg cf}hf/x? k|of]u ul/G5 . Joj:yfkgsf ljleGg cf}hf/x? dWo] lgodg, tfnLd / cg'udg k|d'v cf}hf/x? x'g\ . lgodg, tfnLd / cg'udg ;xsf/L ljefu nufotsf lgoldt sfo{x? x'g\ . lgodg sfo{ cGt/ut ;+3 ;+:yf btf{, lj36g, lnSjL8]zg, ljefhg, PsLs/0f, b08hl/jfgf, 5'6 ;'ljwf cflb sfd ;dfj]z x'G5g eg] tfnLd cGt/ut ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf ;+rfns, sd{rf/L / ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf sfdx? kb{5g . cg'udgaf6 ;+:yfut ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ cBfjlws u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf, lg0f{ostf{ / lgodgsf/L lgsfonfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;'rgf pknAw u/fpg] sfd ul/G5 .

♣ /lhi6«f/, ;xsf/L ljefu .

124

5'§f5'§} ljlgod :jLs[t u/L nfu' u/]sf x'G5g\ . cfˆgf] Joj;flos sfo{k|s[lt cg';f/ ;+:yfsf] ljlgod;+u gjflemg] u/L ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 pkljlgod tyf gLltx? kfl/t u/L nfu' ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf ;b:ox?åf/f g} ;+3;+:yfsf] ultjlw k|efjsf/L ?kdf cg'udg x'g ;Sb5 . ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* / ;xsf/L lgodfjnL, @)$( cg';f/ lgodgsf/L lgsfojf6 lglZrt sfo{ If]q leq a:g] @% hgf g]kfnL gful/s ;b:ox?sf] ?kdf ;+ul7t eO{ ;+:yf u7g ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ k|Tofe"t u/]sf]n] ;xsf/Lsf] btf{ k|s[of ;xh / ;/n ePsf] sf/0f ;+3;+:yfsf] ;+Vof / sf/f]jf/ ;d]t a[l4 x'g k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . Pp6f uf+pdf Pp6f dfq ;xsf/L ePdf k'Ug] cj:yfdf w]/} ;+Vofdf ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g x'g k'u]sf 5g . sfg"gn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] clwsf/nfO{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] /f]Sg / c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g\ . ;+:yf ;b:ox?sf] ;lqmotf / ;+3;+:yfdf ul7t ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltsf] sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfn] cfGtl/s lgoGq0fnfO{ dhj't agfpg ;Sg] k|r'/ ;+efjgfx? /x]sf] ePtf klg g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L cleofgdf JolQmut ?kdf ;b:ox?sf] lg:s[otf / ;f+u7flgs ?kdf ;ldlt tyf pk;ldltx?sf] nfk/jfxLn] ubf{ ;du| ;xsf/L If]q Pp6f hf]lvdsf] Joj;fo jGg k'u]sf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . cfd hgtf tyf ;b:ox?af6 ;+slnt artsf] ;'/Iff clxn]sf] k|d'v r'gf}tL aGg k'u]sf] 5 . s]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;~rfnsx?sf] nfk/jfxLaf6 xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf lgIf]kstf{÷artstf{x?n] 7luPsf] dxz'; u/L ;/sf/ ;dIf ph'/L btf{ u/fPsf] cj:yf 5 .

;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf ;fgf] / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof ;d]t yf]/} 5 . ;j} lhNnfdf ;xsf/Lsf sfof{nox? :yfkgf eO{ ;]jf k|jfx / kx'r lj:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;j} lhNnfdf ;xsf/L sfof{no lj:tf/sf] dfu ePtf klg gLltut / sfg"gL cj/f]wsf sf/0f gof+ sfof{no yk x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; kl/k|]Iodf ;xsf/L ljefu Pp6f lgodgsf/L lgsfo ePsf] gftfn] ;fj{hlgs If]qdf p7]sf ;jfnx?sf] hjfkm lbg' kg]{ x'Fbf s]xL k|ltlglw ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;3g cg'udg u/L sf/f]jf/;+u ;DjlGwt tYof+Í / ;'rgfx? ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / JofVof ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ?=kf+r s/f]8 eGbf j9Lsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg ljefujf6 / ?= Ps s/f]8 b]lv kf+r s/f]8 ;Ddsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;3g cg'udg l8lehg sfof{nox?jf6 x'b} cfPsf] 5 .

125

;xsf/L nufot cGo Joj;fo tyf kl/of]hgfsf] cg'udg ubf{ ;fwf/0ftof lgDgfg';f/ tLg lsl;dsf] cg'udg ug{ ;lsG5 M

1= ;fwg ;|f]tsf] cg'udg (Inputs monitoring_, 2= k|ltkmn cg'ug (Outputs monitoring), 3= k|sofut cg'udg (Process monitoring)

;fwg>f]t kl/rfng / k|ltkmn ljt/0fsf] cg'udg cGtl/s ?kdf ;xsf/L sfof{nojf6 / ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ljz]if u/L k|sofut cg'udg (Process monitoring) nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL k|rlnt l;4fGt, d'No, P]g sfg'g, gLlt / ;+:yfsf] ljlgod tyf :jLs[t sfo{qmd adf]lhd ;+3;+:yf ;~rfng eP÷gePsf] hfFr ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . pNn]lvt s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm ljleGg ;dodf hf/L ePsf kl/kq, lgb]{zg / dfkb08df pNn]lvt a'Fbfx?nfO{ ;'rsf+s (Indicators) sf] ?kdf pkof]u u/L ;+:yfsf] ultljlwsf] r]s hfFr u/L cg'udg sfo{nfO{ cuf8L a9fpg' kb{5 . ;xsf/L lgodg / cg'udgsf qmddf b]lvPsf d'Vo ;d:ox? M != clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfn] cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGt / k|rlnt

d"NodfGotf, k|rlnt P]g, lgodfjnL / ;+3;+:yfsf] cfˆg} ljlgod ljkl/t sfo{ If]q eGbf jflx/ uO{ u}/ ;b:o;+u art tyf C0f sf/f]jf/ u/]sf] b]lVfG5 .

@= l;ldt JolQmx?n] z]o/df w]/} nufgL ug]{ t/ art ;+sng / C0f nufgL k|of]hgsf nflu ?=!)) j/fj/sf] Ps lsQfsf] z]o/ ;b:o -sf/f]jf/L ;b:osf] bhf{_ agfO{ sf/f]jf/ ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df] Ps hgfn] dfq ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ k|jGw ;+rfnssf] ?kdf tna eQf ;'ljwf lng kfpg]df k|foM ;j} ;+rfngsx? / n]vf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] ;d]t dfl;s tnj, eQf / cGo ;'ljwfx? lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? afx\o lgoGq0f / cg'udg eGbf k|hftflGqs cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k4ltaf6 ;+rfng x'g' kg]{df clwsf+z ;+:yfx?sf ;b:ox?sf] lg:s[otfsf] sf/0f ;+rfnsx?n] dgf]dfgL 9+un] ;+:yf ;+rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

126

%= ;+:yf ;+rfng / :jlgodsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg gLlt Pj+ ljlgodfjnL tof/ gu/]sf], cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ dha't agfpg cfjZos kg]{ ;ldlt, pk–;ldltx? u7g gu/]sf], cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0fsf nflu n]vf ;ldlt ;s[o gePsf] b]lvG5 .

^= dfkb08 cg';f/ ;b:ox?sf] z]o/ / artsf] cg'kfg !M!) x'g'kg]{df ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ cfsif{s lj1fkg / pkxf/sf] sfo{qmd ;+rnfg u/L ;f] eGbf a9L art /sd ;+sng u/]sf] .

&= ;fdfGotof # jif{;Ddsf] cjlw ;Ddsf] cfjlws art vftf ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg ljkl/t % jif]{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;dosf] d'4tL vftf vf]Ng nufO{ cToflws art /sd ;+sng ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

*= ;b:ox?sf] artnfO{ l56f] l56f] cfDbfgL ug]{ If]qdf C0f nufgL ug'{kg]{df ;+rfnsx?sf] lghL :jfy{ ePsf] Joj;fo jf sDkgLdf c;'/lIft nufgL ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

(= 3/hUuf h:tf cg'Tkfbs If]qdf tTsflng kmfObfsf nflu 7'nf] /sd nufgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn 3/hUufdf cfPsf] dGbLn] o:tf ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf /x]sf] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] art hf]lvddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!)= Ps k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] csf]{ ;dfg:t/sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf art hDdf ug'{ gx'g]df clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;dfg:t/sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df art hDdf ug]{u/]sf] kfO{G5 .

!!= clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ljleGg a+}s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] z]o/df nufgL u/]sf] / xfn z]o/ ahf/ dGbL /x]sf] cj:yfdf o:tf] nufgL hf]lvddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!@= dfkb08 cg';f/ jf n]vfsf] ;fdfGo l;4fGt cg';f/ Jofh vr{nfO{ Accrual / Jofh cfDbfgLnfO{ Cash Basis df n]vf+sg ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L s]xL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] gubdf k|fKt gePsf] JofhnfO{ cfDbfgL hgfO{ nfef+z ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

!#= dfkb08 cg';f/ shf{sf] juL{s/0f u/L C0f hf]lvd sf]ifdf /sd 5'6\6fpg' kg]{df g5'6\6fO{ s[lqd cfDbfgL b]vfO{ clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] nfefz+ ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

!$= k|rlnt dfkb08 cg';f/ ;+:yfn] jrt lbg] / C0fdf lng] Jofhb/sf] cGt/ cf}iftdf ^ k|ltzt eGbf j9L x'g' gx'g]df

127

clwsf+z ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] artdf sd Jofh lbg] / C0fdf a9L Jofh lng] lnO{ ;b:o ;]jf eGbf gfkmf d'ns k|a[lQ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!%= ljlgoddf Aoj:yf eP cg';f/ v"b art jf gfkmfjf6 v8f ug'{ kg]{ sf]ifx?df 5'6\6O{Psf] /sd tt\ tt\ k|of]hgdf vr{ n]Vg' kg]{df cfkm" v';L vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+/lIft k"+hL lkmtf{ sf]ifdf 5'6\6O{Psf] /sd sf/f]jf/sf] cwf/df ;b:ox?nfO{ k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{df ;f] geO{ l;ldt ;b:o / ;+rfnsx?n] ;+:yfsf] gfkmf z]o/ nfef+zsf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] .

!^= 7'nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;DkQL tyf bfloTjsf] u'0ffTds / k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg gePsf] x'Fbf bL3{sfndf t/ntf hf]lvd x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!&= vf; vf; JolQmx? ldln ljleGg gfdsf km/s km/s :yfgdf ;xsf/L ;+:yf vf]Ng] u/]sf] / ;dfgfGt/ k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df cGt/ ;xsf/L sf/f]jf/sf] gfpdf clgoldt sf/f]jf/ ug]{ k|j[lQ ePsf]n]] s'g} Ps ;+:yfdf k/]sf] ;d:ofn] cGo ;xsf/Ldf klg c;/ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

;dfwfgsf pkfox?

• ;xsf/L P]gdf kl/dfh{g / ;+zf]wg u/L ljlQo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/Lx?nfO{ ljlQo ck/fw ;DjlGw a}lsË s;'/ ;/xsf] sf/jfxLsf] k|fjwfg ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{ .

• ;xsf/L btf{ lgodgnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ljBdfg dfkb08nfO{ ;dofg's'n ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ .

• cg'udg ;DjlGw 5'6\6} lgodfjnL tof/ x'g'kg]{ .

• cg'udgsf nflu kof{Kt ah]6 / bIf k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .

• l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] lj:tf/ x'g' kg]{ .

128

&=@_ ;xsf/L pBd Aoj;fo k|j4{gdf cg'bfgsf] dxTj / cf}lrTotf

lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/] a=s[lif cy{lj1

AolQmx? jLrsf] ;xsfo{jf6 ;xsf/L k|0ffnLsf] hGd x'G5 .

AolQmx? ldn]/ cfkm'x?;+u ePsf] ;fwg >f]t ;+sng / kl/rfng u/L ;fd'lxs ?kdf Aoj;fo ug]{ dfWod xf] ;xsf/L . Ps tkm{ ;xsf/L cfly{s ;fdflhs k|0ffnL xf] eg] csf{] tkm{ of] ;fd'lxs :jfldTjdf ;+rflnt pBd xf] . of] pBd ;b:ox?4f/f ;+rflnt / lgolGqt x'G5 . jblnbf] ljZj kl/j]z cg';f/ h;/L cfh dflg; Ps ;fdflhs k|fl0f dfq g/x]/ cfly{s k|fl0f aGg k'u]sf] 5 To;} u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? klg ;fdflhs ;+:yf dfq g/x]/ cfly{s ;+:yf ;d]t aGg k'u]sf 5g . To;}n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ Pp6f pBd÷Aoj;fosf] ?kdf kl/eflift ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . x/]s pBd Aoj;fo k|ltkmn k|flKtsf] nflu ;+rfng ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;xsf/L Aoj;fo leq ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj ;lxtsf cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx? ;+rfng ul/Psf x'G5g . Aoj;fodf a:t' / ;]jfsf] pTkfbgsf] ;fy} ljlgdo dfkm{t :jldTj x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . Aoj;fo ;+rfngdf nufgLsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . nufgL ug{ artsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . nufgLstf{x?n] k|ltkmnsf nflu Joj;flos sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng u/]sf x'G5g . pgLx?n] sf/f]jf/df of]ubfg u/]sf] cfwf/df ljQLo k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf d'gfkmf / ;fdflhs k|ltkmnsf] ?kdf ;fdflhs z'/Iff, lzIff, ;'rgf, ckgTj / :g]x k|fKt u/]sf x'G5g . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;xsf/ dfkm{t Aoj;fo k|j4{gsf] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . x/]s ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ Ao;flos ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] / To; dfkm{t cfo ch{g / /f]huf/L a[l4 u/L ;b:ox:sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] ;/sf/L gLlt /x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Ltfsf] ljsf;nfO{ lbuf] jgfpg ;+:yfx?nfO{ Aoj;flos jgfpg' kb{5 . ;b:ox?af6 cfkm\gf] Ifdtf cg';f/ ;xsf/Lsf] z]o/ vl/baf6 k'FhL ;+sng u/L pTkfbg / jhfl/s/0f sfo{df nufgL ug'{ kb{5 . ;xsf/L Aoj;fodf w]/} AolQmx?sf] ;fd'lxs nufgL ePsf] x'G5 . z]o/ nufgL u/L ;b:otf lnO{ ;s] kl5 k|To]s ;b:o ;+:yfsf] b}lgs sf/f]jf/df ;+nUg x'g' kb{5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?n] nufgL cg';f/sf] k|ltkmnsf] ;fy} cfO{ kg]{ hf]lvdx?sf] ;fdgf ;d]t cfkm}+ ug'{ kb{5 .

129

;xsf/L Aoj;fodf nufgLstf{, ;+rfns, pTkfbs, ljt/s, cfk'lt{stf{, pkef]Qmf / dflns klg ;b:ox? x'g] x'Fbf ;xsf/L Aoj;fodf lgoGq0f / /]vn]vsf] lhDdf klg pgLx?sf] g} x'G5 . ;xsf/L Pp6f ;b:o lgolGqt Aoj;fo xf] . ;xsf/L Aoj;fon] pTkfbg ug]{ j:t' / ;]jfn] cGo lghL If]qsf] pTkfbg / jhf/ ;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;dfhdf cfjZos j:t' / ;]jfsf] lg/Gt/ cfk'lt{ ug]{ ;Gbe{df lghL If]qn] cltl/Qm d'gfkmfsf] nflu s[ltd cefjsf] ;[hgf u/L d'No j[l4 u/]sf] jf sfnf]jhf/L u/]sf] kfO{G5 . s[ltd cefj / sfnf]jhf/LnfO{ xtf]T;flx ug{ / pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ u'0ffTds j:t'÷;]jf plrt =d'Nodf cfk'lt{ ug{ ;xsf/L Aoj;fosf] cToGt dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . Aoj;flos sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng u/L ;dfhdf /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] of]ubfg dxTjk'0f{ x'G5 . ljZjdf cfh ;xsf/L Aoj;fox?n] ax'/fli6«o sDkgL eGbf @) k|ltzt j9L /f]huf/L ;[hgf u/]sf 5g\ . ljZjdf ;xsf/L Aoj;fo j[l4b/ !$Ü /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ;xsf/L cGt{ut ljleGg Aoj;fox? ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . vf;u/L ljQ Aoj;fodf hd{gL / k|mfG;sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? cu|:yfgdf /x]sf 5g\ . ljZjdf s[lif Aoj;fo ;Fu ;DjlGwt pTkfbg d'ns ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof cToflws /x]sf] 5 . hfkfg, sf]/Lof, ef/tdf s[lif ;xsf/L Aoj;fosf] /fd|f] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . l5d]ls d'n's ef/tdf b'Uw ;xsf/Lsf] gd'gfsf] ?kdf cd'n tyf lqd'n /x]sf 5g\ eg] /f;folgs dn pTkfbgdf IFFOC n] dxTjk'0f{ :yfg lnPsf] 5 . To;} u/L ef/tsf] lrgL pTkfbgdf ;xsf/Lsf] of]ubfg sl/j ^)Ü /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . pNn]lvt ;xsf/L Aoj;foaf6 :yfgLo txdf /fd|f] cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf] ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf ljQLo ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof cToflws /x]sf]5 . h'g;'s} ju{sf] ;xsf/L ;+:yf ePtf klg cfkm\gf ;b:ox? jLr art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . s[lif k]zf ;Fu ;FjlGwt s[lif, t/sf/L kmnkm'n, h'gf/, slkm, lrof, dx, pv', hl8j'6L, b'Uw cflbdf klg Aoj;flos pTkfbg eGbf art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]jf/ tkm{ ;+:yfx? j9L pT;flxt /x]sf 5g\ . Tof] k|j[ltdf kl/jt{g u/L Aoj;flos pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / jhfl/s/0f tkm{ ;DjlGwt If]qsf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] P3f/f}+ cfjlws of]hgf b]lv Aoj;fo k|j4{gsf] nflu pTkfbg d'ns ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] ;+rfng ug]{ Aoj;fox?df d]lzg/L cf}hf/ nufotsf] k'FhLut vr{df %)Ü ;Dd cg'bfg lbg] gLlt lnPsf] 5 .

130

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] C0f ;xof]udf dWo klZrdf~rn If]qsf] sf]xnk'/ jfFs]df #))) d]=6g Ifdtfsf] zLt3/ lgdf{0f eO{ ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 eg] klZrdf~rnsf] :of+hf / dWofdf~rnsf] lrtjgdf ;/sf/ ;xsf/L ;xsfo{df zLt3/ lgdf{0fsf sfd z'? ePsf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfn cfh klg Pp6f s[lif k|wfg d'n'ssf] cj:yfdf u'h|b} cfPsf] 5 . o; If]qn] sl/j ^& k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . /f]huf/Lsf] nflu pTkfbglzn o'jf hgzlQm ljb]z knfog ePsf] sf/0f u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lif Aoj;fo k|lt c?lr b]lvPtf klg zx/L If]q ;Fu hf]l8Psf c;kf;sf If]qx?df s[lifsf] Aoj;flos pTkfbg z'? ePsf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf &% k|ltzt eGbf j9L kl/jf/ ;Fu ! x]S6/ eGbf sd hldg ePsf] sf/0f s[lif If]qdf olGqs/0f / Aoj;flos/0fsf] sfo{ sl7g b]lvG5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf ;xsf/L v]tL tyf pTkfbg k|0ffnL Pp6f /fd|f] ljsNk x'g ;Qm5 . hldg gx'g]x?n] klg ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t eO{ ;xsf/L pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf ;+nUg x'g ;Sg] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f u/L lglZrt ;dosf] nflu hUuf lnhdf lnP/ Aoj;flos pTkfbg ug{ k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 C0f k|fKt u/L s[ifs ;b:ox?n] s]xL dfqfdf Aoj;flos pTkfbg z'? u/]sf 5g\ . t/ 7'nf] k}dfgfdf pTkfbg k|zf]wg ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?af6 g} kxn x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t ls;fgx?n] l;Gw'nL / /fd]5fk lhNnfdf h'gf/ v]tLsf] /fd|f] pTkfbg u/]sf / ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] kxndf tfhf h'gf/ ljlqm ljt/0f ePsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] dfunfO{ b[i6Lut ub{f ;xsf/L ;+:yfåf/f h'gf/ k|zf]wg u/L h'; pTkfbg ePdf To;sf] jhf/Ls/0f ;xh x'g'sf] ;fy} nfdf] ;do ;Dd h'; ;'/lIft ?kdf e08f/0f ug{ ;lsg] / d'No clea[l4 x'g] x'Fbf Aoj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg / k|zf]wg tkm{ hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . t/fO{ If]qdf pv' pTkfbs ls;fgx? ;+ul7t eO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ Aoj;flos pTkfbg tkm{ cfslif{t ug{ ;+:yfx?sf] kxndf k|zf]wg pBf]usf] :yfkgf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . dx pTkfbs ls;fgx?nfO{ ;xsf/Ldf ;+ul7t u/L dx ;+sng / k|zf]wgsf] ;fy} KoflsË, j|fl08ª / n]jlnªsf] sfd Ps} ;fy cuf8L j9fO{ :yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o jhf/ ;Dd k'¥ofpg' kg]{{ cfjZostf 5 . To;}u/L sl/j !&)) sf] ;+Vofdf 5l/P/ /x]sf] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|ofzdf :yfgLo :t/df b'Uw k|zf]wg s]Gb| :yfkgf / ;+rfng

131

u/L kz'kfng Aoj;fonfO{ ;'/Iffsf] ;fy} cfsif{0f ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n v]tLsf] Aoj;flos/0f / jhf/Ls/0fsf] nflu ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?n] Aoj;flos pTkfbg ug'{sf] ;fy} jftfg's'lnt÷k|mf]]h]g 6«ssf] dfWodaf6 jhf/ ;Dd 9'jfgL ug'{sf] ;fy} jhf/ If]qdf jftfs's'lnt÷k|mf]h]g t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n jhf/sf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug]{ tkm{ dxn ug'{ kb{5 . To;}u/L ;xsf/Lsf] dfWodaf6 hl8j'6L v]tL tyf ;+sng ug'{sf] ;fy} hl8j'6L k|zf]wg sf/vfgf :yfkgf u/L d'No clej[l4 ug'{ kb{5 . ljut s]xL jif{ b]lv pRr d'Nosf s[lif pkhx? h:t} lrof, slkm, cn}rL, cb'jf, nK;L, ;'kf/L, h'gf/ cflbsf] k|zf]wg pBf]u :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug{ rfxg] ;xsf/LnfO{ k'FhLut cg'bfg lbg] sfd x'b} cfPsf] 5 . emfkf lhNnfsf] k[YjLgu/df ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfutdf lrof sf/vfgf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . To; If]qsf s[ifsx?n] pTkfbg u/]sf] xl/of] kQL lghL Aofkfl/x?nfO{ cToGt Go'g d'No lbg' kg]{ cj:yfsf] cGTo ePsf] 5 . ljut $ jif{ otf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;xsf/L pBf]u Aoj;fo k|j4{gsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf pBdx?df k'FhLut cg'bfg ljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] .

132

;xsf/L ljefujf6 cg'bfg k|fKt pBd Aoj;fosf] ;+VofTds ljj/0f

qm=;+= ;xsf/L pBdsf] lsl;d )^%÷^^ )^^.^& )^&.^* )^*.^( )^(.&) )&)÷&! hDdf

! cb'jf k|zf]wg - 3 6 1 - 1 11 @ lrof k|zf]wg - 2 4 9 1 1 17 # dx k|zf]wg 3 7 5 3 1 1 20 $ ;'kf/L k|zf]wg - - - 4 - – 4 % h'gf/ k|zf]wg 1 1 - 1 - – 3 ^ cn}lr k|zf]wg - - - 1 - – 1 & b'Uw k|zf]wg 11 17 14 - 3 1 46 * nK;L k|zf]wg - - 1 - - – 1 ( hl8j'6L k|zf]wg 1 4 1 - - – 6 !) slkm k|zf]wg 2 1 1 - - 1 5 !! pv' k|zf]wg - - 1 - - 1 2 !@ uf]ne]8f -;;\_ 1 - 1 - - – 2 !# a]df};dL t/sf/L - - - 3 - – 3 !$ vfB k|zf]wg 1 - 6 11 3 6 27 !% lrof sf/vfgf - - - 1 1 !^ s[lif kmfd{ - - - 29 29 28 86

133

-ufO{÷jfv|f÷e]8f÷j+u'/÷df5f_ !& blnt k]zf cfw'lgs/0f - - - 4 # # !) !* zLt e08f/ lgdf{0f - - - 2 rfn' rfn' @ !( /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf]

s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f

- - 1 RF F n rfn' ;DkGg !

@) ;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f - - 1 rfn' ;DkGg – ! hDdf 20 35 42 70 $) $# @%)

134

cf=j= @)^%.)^^ df cg'bfg k|fKt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL M

qm=;+= ;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf pBf]usf]

lsl;d d]lzg/L cf}hf/

cg'bfg

1= ufFp;'wf/ b'Uw ;=;=ln=ltgbf]jf6f], :ofª\hf .

b'Uw lr:ofg

@!))))).– %))))).–

2= u'0f:t/Lo slkm pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, luDbL, nlntk'/ .

slkm k|zf]wg

#$%))).– 86250

3= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ;nfª, wflbË .

6df6f] ;;\ k|zf]wg

#)))))).– %))))).–

4= slkm ;xs/L ;+:yf ln=, nlntk'/ slkm k|zf]wg

!#*)))) .– #$%))).–

5= :jfanDaL art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= xtkt], l;Gw'nL .

b'Uw lr:ofg

!#$!()) .– ##%$&%.–

6= s[lif hfu/0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= alb{jf;, dxf]Q/L .

b'Uw lr:ofg

@)%)))).– %))))).–

7= nlntk'/ lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= rfkfufFp, nlntk'/ .

b'Uw lr:ofg

@)%)))).– %))))).–

8= h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ltgs'g] .

h'gf/ h'; pBf]u

!@&%))) .– 320000

9= df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e/tk'/, lrtjg .

dx k|zf]wg @^%(#))).– %))))).–

10= l;4gfy b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= >Lk'/, a]nf/L, s~rgk'/ .

dx k|zf]wg @)))))).– %))))).–

11= k'g{jf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= s~rgk'/ .

b'Uw lr:ofg

!((*))) .– $((%)).–

12= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= dgx/L, dsjfgk'/ .

b'Uw lr:ofg

@#$))).–

13= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= b'w/fIf, ?kGb]xL .

b'Uw lr:ofg

#)!$))).– @#$))).–

14= s0ff{nL df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= rGbggfy h'Dnf .

dx k|zf]wg !$@$))) .– 346250

15= nfnk'/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= jgs6jf, jfs]+ .

b'Uw lr:ofg

%))))).– !@%))) .–

16= u}/ sfi7 jg >f]t Aofj:yfkg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sf]xnk'/, jfs]+

hl8j'6L k|zf]wg

!!!))) .– @*))).–

17= j;Gtk'/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ltnsk'/ gjnk/f;L .

b'Uw lr:ofg

$!&))).– !)%))).–

18= e'dlx b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= e'dxL, gjnj/f;L .

b'Uw lr:ofg

!@))))) .– #))))).–

135

19= ;fgf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=dfs/ gjnk/f;L .

/fO{; ldn @*@$^)).– %))))).–

20= cd[t b'Uw ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;'?Ëf, emfkf

b'Uw lr:ofg

!%&!%&) .– #()))).–

hDdf 7243000

136

cf=j= @)^^÷)^& df ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ pBdx?sf] ljj/0f tfnLsf

l;=g++ ;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf pBf]usf] lsl;d

d]lzg/L cf}hf/sf] nfut

cg'bfg /sd ?=

1= ;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln= ;'8f s~rgk'/

b'Uw k|zf]wg ^))))).– !@%))).–

2= lzj art C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, alb{of

hl8a'l6 k|zf]wg ())))).– $$)))).–

3= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, r}gk'/, wflbË

slkm k|zf]wg @%))))).– %))))).–

4= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, Hofd|'s, wflbË

cb'jf k|zf]wg #))))).– !%)))).–

5= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, d}lb, wflbË -cb'jf_

cb'jf k|zf]wg #))))).– !%)))).–

6= kz'klt b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,lgns07, wflbË

b'Uw k|zf]wg

%))))).– !@%))).–

7= k|oTgzLn hl8a'l6 ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,lgns07, wflbË

hl8j'6L k|zf]wg

^))))).– #))))).–

8= ;u/dfyf lrof ljsf; ;xs/L ;+3 ln=, lrnfpg] %, pbok'/ .

lrof k|zf]wg

!*))))) .– $%)))).–

9= cf?3f6 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= cf?3f6, uf]/vf

hl8a'l6 k|zf]wg @%)))) .– !@%))).–

10 lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= uf]/vf

b'Uw k|zf]wg

!%))))).– #&)))).–

11 gj hgsNof0f b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= lrtjg

b'Uw k|zf]wg

!@))))).– #))))).–

12 h'gf/ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, /fd]5fk

h'gf/ k|zf]wg

^*)))) .– !&)))).–

13 ;dfh ?kfGt/0f art C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=

cb'jf k|zf]wg

&))))).– #%)))).–

137

7'nf]l;?jf/L, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

14 hghfu[lt b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= Zofdf, bf]nvf

b'Uw k|zf]wg

@$)))).– ^)))).–

15 jf0fu+uf df}/Lkfng tyf dx pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= slkna:t'

dx k|zf]wg %))))) .– @%)))).–

16 s[i0f 8]/L b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= dxf]Q/L,

b'Uw k|zf]wg

*))))).– @))))).–

17 ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;Gtk'/, /f}tx6

b'Uw k|zf]wg

^))))).– !%)))).–

18 sgf{nL hl8a'l6 pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= sflnsf]6

b'Uw k|zf]wg

*))))) .– $))))).–

19 /~hgL s[lif ax'= ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ba]{;f df]/ª

b'Uw k|zf]wg *))))).– @))))).–

20 ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= emf]/fx6, df]/ª

b'Uw k|zf]wg

$))))) .– !))))).–

21 /fh3f6 b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= df]/ª

b'Uw k|zf]wg

!@))))).– #))))).–

22 k|ultlzn df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ba]{;f, df]/ª

dx k|zf]wg

$))))) .– @))))).–

23 ;tf;L dlxnf df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;tf;Lwfd, emfkf

dx k|zf]wg $))))).– @))))).–

24 dfªdfn'ª lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= Onfd

lrof k|zf]wg

@)))))) .– %))))).–

25 ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;=;=ln=, cUof}nL, gjnk/f;L

b'Uw k|zf]wg

!^))))).– $))))).–

26 u}8fsf]6 Plss[t ax'=;=;=ln=, gjnk/f;L

b'Uw k|zf]wg

!^))))).– $))))).–

27 ;'o{d'lv df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=, dsf/ gjnk/f;L

dx k|zf]wg

$))))).– @))))).–

28 8f8fkf/L df]/Lkfng ;=;=ln=, 3lt{5fk sfe]|

dx k|zf]wg

@))))).– !))))).–

29 ;]tLb]lj b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, /lj @ sfe]|

b'Uw k|zf]wg

!)))))).– @%))))–

138

30 O{Gb|fjlt ax'=;=;=ln=, sfe]| b'Uw k|zf]wg

^))))).– !%)))).–

31 lxdr'nL s[lif ;=;=ln=, dfGdf % sfnLsf]6

b'Uw k|zf]wg

*))))).– @))))).–

32 d'nvs{ b'Uw pTkfbs ax'=;=;=ln=, s6x/], wgs'6f

b'Uw k|zf]wg

^))))).– !%)))).–

33 gfu8f8f b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, l9s'/kf]v/L sf:sL

b'Uw k|zf]wg

$))))).– !))))).–

34 j/gfy cfw'lgs df}/Lkfng ax'=;=;=ln=, b'uf{ejfgL j}t8L

dx k|zf]wg

$))))).– @))))).–

35 n]sj]lz s[lif ax'=;=;=ln=, jn]6S;f/ u'NdL

hl8j'6L k|zf]wg

@$)))).– !@)))).–

36 k|ultlzn df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=, d';/Lof s}nfnL

dx k|zf]wg

%))))).– @%)))).–

hDdf *^))))).– cf=j= @)^&÷)^* df ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{

pBdx?sf] ljj/0f M

l;=g++

;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf pBf]usf] lsl;d

d]lzg/L cf}hf/sf] nfut

cg'bfg /sd ?=

1 hx/L vf]nf gd'gf s[lif ;=;=ln=, vf]]nfufp 4, ?s'd

cb'jf k|zf]wg

375000 187500

2 s:t'/L ax'=;=;=ln=, vn+uf 1, hfh/sf]̂

dxåcb'jf k|zf]wg

270000 135000

3 dlxnf df}/Lnfkg ;=;=ln=, g]qu+h 7, ;nf{xL

dx k|zf]wg

400000 200000

4 jfj/L df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=, kf+ry/

dx k|zf]wg

400000 200000

5 sfqm]ljxf/ df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln=, ;'v]{t

dx k|zf]wg

500000 250000

6 g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+# ln=, lrtjg

dx k|zf]wg

1200000 600000

7 l;h{glzn ax= ;=;=ln=, kj{t

slkm k|zf]wg

265000 133000

8 u|fdL)f ax'' s[ifs ;=;=ln=, cb'jf 240000 120000

139

;'sl^of 7, sfnLsf]̂ k|zf]wg

9 lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+# ln=, sfnLsf]̂

dx k|zf]wg

710000 355000

10 P]/fjlt ax'= ;=;=ln=, ('+u]u(L 3, Ko'&fg

cb'jf k|zf]wg

235000 117500

11 O{nfd]ln lrof pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, lkmSsn,O{nfd

lrof k|zf]wg

14325000 600000

12 chDj/] lrof pTkfbg ;=;=ln=, lhtk'/, O{nfd

lrof k|zf]wg

15000000 600000

13 sGofd lrof pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, sGofd, O{nfd

lrof k|zf]wg

15000000 600000

14 nfkmf sj'lnolt art tyf C)f ;=;=ln=, bf/]rf]s, lrtjg

b'Uw k|zf]wg

600000 150000

15 lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+# ln=, sf:sL

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1800000 450000

16 hLjgwf/f b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, lrtjg

b'Uw k|zf]wg

236000 60000

17 lk&'jf b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, lrtjg

b'Uw k|zf]wg

236000 60000

18 eb|sfnL b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, lk&jf, lrtjg

b'Uw k|zf]wg

836000 210000

19 /fwfs[i)f ax'd'lv ;=;=ln=, O{g?jf, ;'g;/L

wfg rfdn

897500 224000

20 tgx'+ b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, tgx'+

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1716000 430000

21 zl; b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, wg'iff

b'Uw k|zf]wg

870000 220000

22 s[lif ;xsf/L +;+# ln=, gjnk/f;L

tf]/L t]n k|zf]wg

2430000 600000

23 ;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln, d}gfkf ]v/, jlb{of

wfg rfdn k|zf]wg

2630500 600000

24 bz{g b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, #\ofNrf]s

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1455000 364000

25 hghfu[lt ;=;=ln=, /Tggu/, tf]/L t]n 840000 210000

140

lrtjg k|zf]wg

26 s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;=;+# ln=, jlb{jf; dxf]Q/L

pv' k|zf]wg

2400000 600000

27 ;fd'lxs s[lif pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, #\ofNrf]s, uf]vf{

;;\ pBf]u k|zf]wg

600000 150000

28 eGHof+ª ax'= ;=;=ln=, gfl;sf:yfg,;fuf, sfe|]}

nK;L k|zf]wg

900000 225000

29 #\ofNrf]s b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, uf]vf{

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1125000 280000

30 w'lnv]n pkef]Qmf ;=;=ln=, w'lnv]n, sfe]|

cb'jfås]rj k|zf]wg

228000 115000

31 sGofd b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, O{nfd

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1520000 370000

32 sNof)f art tyf C)f ;=;=ln=, jlgufdf, df]/+u

hl*j'l^ k|zf]wg

914000 225000

33 /fh#f^ b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, df]/ª

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1200000 300000

34 ljxfgL b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, df]/+u

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1000000 250000

35 s[lif ;xsf/L ;+# ln=, df]/+u

wfg rfdn

1770000 440000

36 ;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln=, ;'*f sGrgk'/

b'Uw k|zf]wg

600000 150000

37 ldnLh'n dlxnf ax'=;=;=ln=, lzjdlGb/ 3, gjnk/f;L

cb'jf k|zf]wg

370000 185000

38 dfxfef/t b'Uw pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, l;Gw'nL

b'Uw k|zf]wg

1200000 300000

39 gf/L ;+sNk art tyf C)f ;=;=ln=, pnf{jf/L, df]/ª

vfB k|zf]wg -d;nf, t]n, lk&f], crf/_

536000 134000

40 /fDr] cuf{lgs lrof lrof 1200000 600000

141

pTkfbs ;=;=ln=, wgs'̂ f k|zf]wg hDdf 79030000 12000000

142

cf=j= @)^*.^( df cg'bfg k|fKt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL M

qm=;+=

;+:yfsf] gfd pBf]usf] lsl;d

cg'bfg /sd ?

1= ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, k[YjLgu/, emfkf

lrof k|zf]wg 26000000

2= tfn]h'Ë lrof pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lkmlbd, (, kFfry/ lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

3= dlxnf r]tgf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ch'{gwf/f, emfkf vfB k|zf]wg 125000

4= lrof pTkfbs lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, O{=g=kf=@, O{nfd lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

5= ;fty'Ds] lrof s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, Psltg,@, kfFry/ lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

6= xl/ofnL h}jLs lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, dfO{kf]v/L, !, O{nfd lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

7= l;l4y'Dsf lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, l;l4y'Dsf, O{nfd lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

8= ltgh'/] lrof s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, kmfskmf]s, O{nfd lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

9= s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, O{=g=kf=,@, O{nfd lrof k|zf]wg 1000000

10= d]rL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, bds, !!, emfkf ufO{ kmfd{ 600000 11= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

dfxf/flgemf]8f, emfkf ufO{ kmfd{ 600000 12= x+;] b'D;] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

bds, %, emfkf ufO{ kmfd{ 400000 13= bf]d'vf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ;'?Ëf,

emfkf ufO{ kmfd{ 400000 14= uf}d'lv ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, zlgZr/],

emfkf ;'kf/L k|zf]wg 125000

15= ;fdgf ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j'wjf/], emfkf

;'kf/L k|zf]wg 200000

16= jf0fuFuf ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ch'{gwf/f, emfkf

;'kf/L k|zf]wg 125000

17= >Ls[i0f ;'kf/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,j'wjf/],emfkf ;'kf/L 250000

143

k|zf]wg

18= ;fgf ls;fg dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=, emfkf vfB k|zf]wg 250000 19= ;tf;L dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=, emfkf vfB k|zf]wg 150000 20= gf}dlt art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

O{Gb|k''/, (, df]/ª gf}dlt jfhf vl/b 280000

21= rt/f ;fd'bflos ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j/fxIf]q, #, ;'g;/L ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

22= sf]zL ax'd'vL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, bj]{;f, df]/ª k|hgg s]Gb| 100000

23= dlxnf ljsf; ax'=;=;=ln=, wgs'6f vfB k|zf]wg 85000 24 k~rsGof ;fgf ls;fg ;=;=ln=, wgs'6f lrof k|zf]wg 1000000 25= ef]n]z+s/ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, v8sk'/,

#, ;Kt/L t/sf/L v]tL 200000 26= lzj dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, xskf8f–

*, l;/xf vfB k|zf]wg 150000 27= ;+/If0f s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j:tLk'/,

l;/xf t/sf/L v]tL 200000 28 ldlynf ufO{ kfng s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

xl/jg, ;nf{xL ufO{ kmfd{ 600000 29= cfd|kfnL ax'd'vL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

vf]l/of,%, ;nf{xL t/sf/L v]tL 200000 30= gj jfDtL e08f/ ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf

ln=, jfDtL e08f/, /fd]5fk cn}rL k|zf]wg 600000

31= cfw'lgs s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ;'/L–%, bf]nvf ufO{ kmfd{ 200000

32= h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, l;Gw'nL

h'gf/ k|zf]wg 1000000

33= blnt pTyfg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, l;Gw'nL

blnt pTyfg sfo{qmd 350000

34= s] 6]Ds] dlxnf pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, nlntk'/, !$, nlntk'/

d;nf k|zf]wg 200000

35= l;l4u0f]z dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, emf]/dxf+sfn, sf7df08f}+

d;nf k|zf]wg 50000

36= lrof pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, v'dn6f/, nlntk'/ lrof k|zf]wg 600000

37= /;'jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, w'Gr], %, /;'jf jfv|f kmfd{ 400000

144

38= uf];fO{s'08 ax'[p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, sljnf;, g'jfsf]6 ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

39= dlxnf ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, s]jnk'/, wflbª

tfnLd xn lgdf{0f 500000

40 k|fs[lts k]|dL df}/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, uf]+uj', sf7df08f}+ dx k|zf]wg 300000

41= b'Kr]Zj/ ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, vfF8LufFp, g'jfsf]6 jfv|f kmfd{ 200000

42 km'NkLË8fF8f ax'=;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, km'NkLË8f8f, &, l;Gw'kfNrf]s ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

43= s'lj08] b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, s'lj08], l;Gw'kfNrf]s ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

44 g]kfn ckf+u ;dfh ax'=;=;=ln=, sf7df08f}+

cfo d'ns sfo{ 100000

45 lqzlQm ax'=;=;=ln=, nlntk'/ ufO{ kmfd{ 400000 46= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;=;=ln=, ;nfª, wflbË ufO{ kmfd{ 150000 47 rgf}nL lzte08f/ ;=;=ln=, lrtjg lzt3/

lgdf{0f 2500000

48 cfkm\g} s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, x]]=g=kf=–!, dsjfgk'/ jfv|f kmfd{ 200000

49 sfdw]g' b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, Hofld/]], lrtjg ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

50 ;fu/ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, kl6xfgL, ^, lrtjg ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

51= gj ldlnh'nL b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, h'6kfgL, lrtjg ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

52= r]tglzn b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln =, lr;fkfgL, dsjfgk'/ ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

53= cGg'k'0f{ b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lutfgu/, lrtjg ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

54 ho cDj] dlxnf art tyf C0f ;=;=ln=, k;f{ vfB k|zf]wg 130000

55= cfTdlge{/ ;fdflhs pBd dlxnf ;=;=ln=, lrtjg vfB k|zf]wg 50000

56= :of+hf lzte08f/ ;=;=ln=, :of+hf lzt3/ lgdf{0f

2500000

57= s[lif ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, Aof; g=kf=, !!, tgx'F jfv|f kmfd{ 200000

145

58 gd'gf s[lif pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, 5f]k|fs, (, uf]/vf ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

59= rGb|Hof]tL b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lj/]grf]s, uf]/vf ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

60= j]njf; b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j]njf;, !, tgx'F ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

61= kj{lto s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ledsfnLkf6g, sf:sL ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

62= hg;]jf :jfanDjg ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, b'w/fIf, !, ?kGb]xL ufO{ kmfd{ 400000

63= xl/gfof/0f b'Uw Aoj;flos ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, cf?Ëvf]nf, gjnk/f;L ufO{ kmfd{ 500000

64= n]sj]zL s[lif ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, jn]6S;f/, u'NdL

cb'jf k|zf]wg 400000

65= ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, bfpGg]j];L, gjnk/f;L ufO{ kmfd{ 600000

66= uf]bfj/L dlxnf art tyf C0f ;=;=ln=, ?kGb]xL vfB k|zf]wg 200000

67= s'3f{ lr;fkfgL ax'=;=;=ln=, kj{t dx k|zf]wg 100000 68= b]ptL jHo} s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,

jflgofef/, &, jlb{of blnt pTyfg sfo{qmd 250000

69= ;'o{tf/f df}/L kfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, du/fuf8L, jlb{of dx k|zf]wg 250000

70= s~rgk'/ blnt pBdL ;xsf/L ;++:yf ln=, dx]Gb|gu/, s~rgk'/

blnt pTyfg sfo{qmd 560000

71= hDdf 59530000

146

cf=j= )^(÷&) df cg'bfgsf nflu :JLs[t ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] gfdfjnL

s|=; ;+:yfsf] gfd sfo{÷pBf]u :jLs[t /sd s}lkmot

1 hgsNofg b'Uw ;=;=ln=, lghu9 af/f

k|zf]wg pBf]u

350000

2 jfub]j b'Uw pTkfbg ;=;=ln=, jf/f

k|zf]wg pBf]u

350000

3 lkms{]km ;fd'bfoLs ljsf; ;=;=ln=, g'jfsf]6

k|zf]wg pBf]u

300000

4 d]lnkm]/f df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, df]/ª

k|zf]wg pBf]u

100000

5 >L cyf]{8S; s[ifs ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, g'jfsf]6, a'ªtfª *

k|zf]wg pBf]u

400000

6 sGrgk'/ blnt pBdL ;=;=ln=, sGrgk'/

blnt k]zf cw'lgsLs/0f

425000

7 rf}nfgL blnt pBdL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, bfr{'nf


275000

8 ;dfgtf ax'p4]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lgns07–%, wflbª


300000

9 l;:jf ax'p4ZoLo ;=;=ln=, sf7df8f}F

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

400000

10 ;'enIdL dlxnf s[ifL ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, sGrgk'/

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

100000

147

11 k|ultzLn dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=, ef]hk'/

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

300000

12 n]vj/L jx'p4]ZoLo pkef]Qmf ;=;=ln=, x'Dnf

s[lif km{d -e]8f_

300000

13 ;fgf ls;fg s[ifL ;=;=ln=, j8fufpF u'NdL

s[lif kmfd{ -df5f_

200000

14 jfxfkmf6 s[ifL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lbufd ^, u'NdL,

s[lif kmfd{ -df5f_

300000

15 ?kftfn k'g{:yfkgf tyf dT:o kfng ;=;=ln=, sf:sL

s[lif kmfd{ -df5f_

200000

16 clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog dxf;+3 s[lif ;=;=ln=, nlntk'/, ljz+v'gf/fo0f–(

s[lif kmfd{ -a+u'/_

200000

17 rfxgf s[ifL ;=;=ln=, afFs] s[lif kmfd{ -a+u'/_

200000

18 vx/] s[lif pTkfgb ;=;=ln=, tgx'F

s[lif kmfd{ -a+u'/_

200000

19 e'iffkm]bf s[lif ;=;=ln=, bf]nvf

s[lif kmfd{ -a+u'/_

200000

20 dWo kz'ktL s[lif ;=;=ln=, g'jfsf]6

s[lif kmfd{ -a+u'/_

200000

21 cf/De s[ifL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, eQmk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

200000

22 a'4 s[ifL ;=;=ln=, pbok'/ s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

200000

23 7'nf] k;]{n s[ifL ;=;=ln=,sfe|] s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

250000

148

24 cd'No s[ifL ;=;=ln=, dsjfgk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

200000

25 a'4 s[ifL ;=;=ln=, sf7df8f}F s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

300000

26 ;'of]{bo ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, afh'/f

s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

200000

27 lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, Onfd

s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

300000

28 k|ltef ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, nlntk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -afv|f_

200000

29 k|lz4 dlxnf s[lif ;=;=ln=, ;f+ufrf]s–^, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

300000

30 6f/]e'dL s[ifL ;=;=ln=, sf:sL

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

200000

31 9f]/a];L ufOkfng s[ifL ;=;=ln=, sf:sL

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

200000

32 u|fdL0f :jfanDaL b'Uw ;=;=ln=, uf]vf{

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

100000

33 k|fs[lts s[lif ;=;=ln=, eQmk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

34 em'Dsf s[lif ;=;=ln=, ;'g;/L s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

35 z'enIdL ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, cf]vn9'+uf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

300000

36 hgPstf ax'p4]ZoLo ;=;=ln=, h'Dnf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

37 ls;fg hfu/0f b'Uw pTkfbg ;=;=ln=, eQmk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

200000

149

38 d]rL s[ifs ax'd'vL ;=;=ln=, emfkf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

300000

39 dfFsfnLsf b'Uw ;=;=ln=, emfkf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

300000

40 laGh]n b'Uw pTkfbg ;=;=ln=, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

200000

hDdf 10450000

cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:Yffx?sf] ljj/0f

s|=; ;+:yfsf] gfd sfo{÷pBf]u :jLs[t /sd

1 c?0f ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=, n]u'jf &, wgs'6f

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

2 ljgfos s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=, lslt{k'/ !$,sf7df08f}+

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

3 ;Demgf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=, lgj'jf6f/ #,dsjfgk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

4 tkf]edL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lslt{k'/ &,sf7df08f}+

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

5 afu]Zj/L ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, j}/]gL *,wflbª

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

6 lj/f6 sfdw]g' dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, rf/kfg] (,emfkf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

7 ;fd'lxs uf}zfnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, jfnLª (,:ofª\hf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

200000

8 rf}kmfn ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, krgfnL *,8f]6L

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

150

9 kf}/vL ;fd'bflos s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, tfynL $,eQmk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

10 l;4 afaf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, UjfNn]s @,a}t8L

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

11 a]TofgL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=, b]p/fnL @,sf:sL

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

12 sflGtk'/ s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, ;f]gk'/ %,bfª

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

13 ;u'g s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, sf6fs'6L *,bf]nvf

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

14 /fgLjg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= /fgLjg !,cf]vn9'Ëf

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

15 ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=, lhjgk'/ ^, wflbË

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

16 lg;L dlxnf s[ifL ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, lg;L * ,afun'ª

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

17 5xf/L ;dfh s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, rGb|lgufxk'/ $,/f}]tx6

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

18 of/L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, O{gfd] (, pbok'/

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

19 ?kgL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, /fok'/ *, ;Kt/L

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

20 a]n}/fh s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, l;Q8 ! a}t8L

s[lif kmfd{ -jfv|f_

300000

21 dflemufp jx'p2]lZo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, l;v/k'/ $ ,l;Gw'kfNrf]s

s[lif kmfd{

-j+u'/_ 300000

22 k'g/jf; k|utLlzn s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, lqe'jg j:tL s~rgk'/

s[lif kmfd{ -j+u'/_

200000

23 j+u'/ la|8/ s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, n]vgfy %, sf:sL

s[lif kmfd{ -j+u'/_

400000

24 ?b| u+uf s[ifs jx'p2]ZoLo ;=;= ln, nx/]kf}jf !, /;'jf

s[lif kmfd{ -j+u'/_

200000

151

25 dfemy'd s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln,sf:sLsf]6 $, sf:sL

s[lif kmfd{ -df5f_

300000

26 dxfnIdL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, cgf/dgL #, emfkf

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

200000

27 h'gtf/f dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, 8fFlujf/L (,emfkf

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

300000

28 u/Ldf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, Psltg @, kfFry/

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

350000

29 cu|;/ dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, ;'?ªuf $,emfkf

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

200000

30 jL;xhf/L ;fdflhs pBdL dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln, uLtfgu/ (,lrtjg

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

300000

31 k'l0f{df dlxnf df}/Lkfng ;=;=ln, xf]Snfjf/L $,df]/ª\

dlxnf÷vfB k|zf]wg

150000

32 blnt clej[l4 s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= eStk'/, 5fln+u @


400000

33 blnt hghfu/0f s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=,dfg]e~ofª %, ef]hk'/


200000

34 h'gtf/f ;zlSts/0f s[ifs ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= ;D;]/u+h & jf+s]


200000

35 ;d[l4 s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= jfDtL #, /fd]5fk

k|zf]wg pBf]u -b'Uw_

400000

36 l;?6f/ slkm pTkfbg ;=;=ln= kmf]S;L+6f/ * sfe|]

k|zf]wg pBf]u -slkm_

300000

37 lxdfnr'nL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= Kof/h'+u ! nDh'+u

k|zf]wg pBf]u -cb'jf_

300000

38 l;+xb]jL lrof pTkfbs ;=;=ln= ;f]Ndf #, t]x|y'd

k|zf]wg pBf]u -lrof_

500000

39 ;+sNk s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= jqf}n * , ;nf{xL

k|zf]wg pBf]u -pv'_

300000

40 k'jf{w{ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, zlgZr/] ,emfkf

s[lif kmfd{ -ufO{_

400000

152

41 ultzLn dlxnf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;:yf ln=, g'jfsf]6

df5f kfng 300000

42 s~rg dlxnf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=, /f}tf , pbok'/

s[lif kmfd{ -j+u'/_

300000

43 l;:jf ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L ;+:Yff ln=, sf7df08f}+

vfB k|zf]wg 200000

hDdf 13300000

g]kfndf h;/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+VofTds ljsf;

ePsf] 5 ;f] cg';f/ u'0ffTds ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] nflu ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] / pTkfbgzLn sfo{df nufpg' kb{5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ Aoj;flos s[ofsnfk tkm{ pGd'v agfpb} n}hfg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tjbflo txdf /x]sf ;+3x?sf] Ifdtf sdhf]/ x'g'sf] ;fy} cfTdlge{/ aGg ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g . s]Gb| tyf lhNnf:t/df ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3x? cfTdlge{/ aGgsf] nflu pgLx? klg Aoj;flos / pTkfbgzLn aGg} kb{5 . sfg'gtM @% hgf ;b:o ldn]/ k|lt JolQm ? !)) sf b/n] z]o/ vl/b u/L ;b:o aGg] / ;+:yf vf]Ng ;Sg] k|fjwfgn] ubf{ s}of}+ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ljlwjt ?kdf u7g eP klg /fd|f] ls;l;djf6 ;+rfng x'g ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . ;+:yfnfO{ pTkfbgzLn / Joj;flos agfpg ;b:o ;+Vof j[l4 ug'{ ug]{ cj:yf 5 . ;+:yf cfTdlge{/ aGgsf] nflu ;fwg >f]tsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;b:o ;+Vofdf a[l4 x'g kg]{5 . sfg'gL c8rgsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] pBd Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ rfx]sf] v08df pBf]u dGqfno ;+:yfut ?kdf pBf]u btf{ ug{ g;ls{sf] cj:yf5 . ;/sf/n] sfg'gL ?kdf ;xhLs/0f u/L ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+;yfx? dfkm{t pBf]u Aoj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ pBf]u / Aoj;fo ;+rfng ug{ cg'bfg lbg] k|fjwfgdf ;'wf/ / ;+zf]wg u/L jLp k'FhLsf] ?kdf nufgL ug]{ u/L 3'DtL k'FhLsf]if (Revolving Fund) sf] Aoj:yf ug'{sf] ;fy} demf}nf / 7'nf ;xsf/L pBf]udf ;/sf/n] ;d]t z]o/ vl/b u/L ;fem]bf/L pBf]usf] ?kdf ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ j9L pTkfbglzn

153

jgfpg ;dfg k|s[ltsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] Plss/0f cleofgsf] yfngL u/L ;+:yfsf] ;+rfng nfut ;d]t 36fpg ;lsg]5 .

;xsf/L sfg'g tyf k|rlnt cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGt l;4fGt cg';f/ cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]usf] k|fjwfg /x]tf klg g]kfndf ;xsf/Lx? jLrsf] ;xof]u k|efjsf/L jGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? Ps cfk;df kl/k'/s / cGt/ lge{/ jGg ;s]sf 5}gg . Pp6f ;xsf/Lsf] pTkfbg csf]{sf] nflu sRrf j:t' jGg] -Factor-factor Relationship_ jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsf/L If]qaf6 ;+slnt art pTkfbglzn If]qdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . zx/L If]qdf ;xsf/Laf6 ;+rflnt art, 3/hUuf / ;fdflhs If]qdf k|jflxt ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ctM ;xsf/L If]qn] Aoj;flos pTkfbgsf] nflu cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]usf] ;fy} cGtl/s ?kdf nufgL j9fpg' kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu ;/sf/n] s]xL ;dosf] nflu pTkfbgd'ns ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ aLFpkF'lh cg'bfg pknAw u/fP/ pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0f sfo{df cfslif{t ug{' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

154

kl/R5]b – * ;+3x?sf] ljj/0f

*=!_ /fli6«o tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;+lIfKt k|ult ljj/0fM 1= /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= g]kfn

/fHoe/sf ;+k'0f{ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwd'ns 5ftf ;+u7g xf] . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] k|j4{g ljsf; / xs lxtsf ljifox?sf ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ;d]t g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ klxrfg u/fpg ;+3sf] e'ldsf lg0ff{os /xb} cfPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L P]g @)$* adf]lhd @)%) ;fn cfiff9 ^ ut] :yflkt o; ;+3df xfn !* j6f s]Gb|Lo :t/sf ;+3x?, #)! j6f lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3x? tyf ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3x?, /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}+s ln= !, / !@ j6f ;xof]uL ;b:ox? ;d]t hDdf ##@ ;b:ox? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3n] ;g\ !((& df cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L dxf;+3 (ICA) sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/L cGt{/fli6«o ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu cf=j= )&).&! sf] cGTo ;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hDdf ? $ s/f]8 (& nfv *% xhf/ ;d]t ?= % s/f]8 @% nfvsf] nfutdf s]Gb|Lo ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o; ;+3af6 cf=j= )&).&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ?=@$ nfv /sdaf6 ljleGg !) lhNnfdf ;xsf/L lzIff tyf Joj:yfksLo tflnd, n}+lus ;zlQms/0f / g]t[Tj ljsf; tfnLd, b'u{d If]q kx'Fr lj:tf/ sfo{qmd, d'Qm sd}of pTyfg sfo{qmd Joj:yfksLo tfnLd, cg'udg, n]vf ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd cGt{ut ;xsf/L If]qdf s/ lgwf{/0f ljifos uf]i7L, k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tfnLd, Aoj:yfkg tfnLd, n]vf ;ldltsf] nflu tfnLd, Aoj:yfks tfnLd, ;xsf/L lzIff lzlj/, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmd, pTs[i6 ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd cGt{ut ^ j6f ;+3x?nfO{ sDKo'6/ x:tfGt/0f cfbL sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ePsf lyP . hfOsf g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf @& j6f ;kmn ;xsf/Lx?sf] cWoog /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;dGjodf @)&) ;fn r}q !! ut] b]lv !# ut] ;Dd ;xsf/L dfkm{t lbuf] cfly{s

155

ljsf; tyf ;fdflhs Gofo eGg] gf/fsf ;fy /fli6«o ;xsf/L dxf;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

2= s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M b'Uw pTkfbg Aoj;fonfO{ j9L k|efjsf/L jgfpg ;+ul7t ?kdf b]zsf u|fdL0f O{nfsfdf s[ifsx?åf/f pTkflbt b'wsf] plrt d'No / ;'/lIft Pj+ e/kbf]{ jhf/sf] k|jGw u/L b'Uw pTkfbg Pj+ kz'kfng Aoj;fodf /x]sf ;b:ox?sf] klxrfg u/L ;dfwfg ug]{, u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;fy} b]znfO{ b'UwhGo kbfy{df cfTdlge{/ jgfpb} pTkfbg sfo{b]lv k|zf]wg / ljlqm ljt/0f ;Ddsf k|lqmofx?df s[ifsx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpb} hfg] p2]Zo lnP/ ;xsf/L P]g @)$* adf]lhd @)$(.!@.@) df s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=,sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . /fHoe/ :yfkgf ePsf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] * k|ltzt b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? /x]sf 5g\ eg] o;sf] ;~hfn ^# lhNnfdf lj:tf/ eO{ !&)) eGbf a9L k|f/lDes ;+:yf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . #& j6f lhNnfdf b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+3 jlg;s]sf] 5g\ eg] c? lhNnfdf jGg] qmd hf/L 5 . o; ;+3df *$% j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? / #& j6f ;+3x? u/L hDdf **@ ;+3;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= )&).&! df ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd ? ! nfv / ;+3sf] nfut ;xeflutf ;d]tdf %)) hgfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd, a}b]lzs e|d0f–@ / b'Uw k|j{4g uf]i7Ldf @)) hgfsf] ;xeflutf ePsf] lyof] . o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifaf6 ?= ! s/f]8 %) nfv sh{f k|fKt u/L !% j6f b'Uw kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ulPsf 5 .

3= g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3sf] :yfkgf @)%) ;fn efb|df ePsf] xf] . of] ;+3 art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ljifout k|ltlglw d'ns ;+3 xf] . o; ;+3;Fu xfn &! lhNnfdf @))) art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? / %^ j6f ljifout lhNnf ;+3x? ;d]t @)%^ ;+3;+:Yffsf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm ;+3n] PlzofnL C0f dxf;+3 / ;f] dfkm{t ljZj C0f kl/ifb;Fu cfj4tf sfod u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o:t/df of] ;+3 /fli6«o ;xsf/L j}+s / /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;b:o ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3n] cf=j= )&).&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv %) xhf/ cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf]df cfkm\gf] >f]t ;d]t kl/rfng u/L d'n'ssf]

156

ljleGg :yfgdf sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . h;df @) j6f pRr :t/sf tfnLd ;+rfng u/L $$) hgf, ^* j6f dWod :t/sf] tflnd ;~rfng u/L !()) hgf / !)) j6f cfwf/e't tflnd ;~rfng u/L @$)) hgf ;d]t hDdf $&$) hgfnfO{ k|lzIf0f lbPsf] / ljleGg ljifo;Fu ;DjlGwt uf]i7L ;+rfng u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] . o; ;+3df xfn ^) sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t /x]sf] 5g\ . o; ;+3 cGt{ut &# j6f ;+:yfn] g]sf]z Kn; ;km\6j]/ h8fg u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3 cGt{ut !) j6f lkmN8 sfof{no / Pp6f s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3n] art tyf C0fsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] nfuL 5'§} art tyf C0f ;xsf/L P]gsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

4= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M vf; u/]/ pkef]Uo ;fdfu|Lx?sf] Aoj;fo ;+rfng ug]{ pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;:yfx? ldn]/ cfkm\gf] xslxt, ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;+u7gsf] ?kdf g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . @)%) efb| # ut] :yflkt o; ;+3df g]kfn /fHoe/ :yflkt !%)) pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? dWo] xfn;Dd !@# pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;+3df !$ j6f lhNnf pkef]Qmf ;+3 / !)( j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;d]t u/L hDdf !@# ;+3;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

5= /fli6«o ;xsf/L j}+s ln= M clw/fHoe/ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljQLo If]qdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg Ps 5'§} lgsfosf] cfjZostf k/]sf] x'Fbf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] k|of; / ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf /fli6«o ;xsf/L j}+ssf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . ;xsf/L P]g @)$* cg'?k @)^).#.@% ut] ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] pQm j}+sdf xfn;Dd &$ lhNnfdf &))) ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . o; j}+sn] g]kfn /fi6« j}+saf6 :jLs[tL k|fKt u/L l;ldt a}lsË sf/f]jf/ ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; cGt{ut xfn

157

;Dd ## j6f zfvf :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . o; j}+ssf] z]o/ k'Flh ?= ^!=@$ s/f]8, lgIf]k ? &^( s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 eg] nufgL ?= #(^ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . cf=j=@)&)÷&! a}+sn] v'b gfkmf ?= !# s/f]8 cfh{g ug{ ;kmn /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

6 s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= @)^#.!!.^ sf lbg ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3sf] ultljlw !# lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ePs]f 5 . o;sf % j6f ;+3 ;lxt ^! j6f ;+3 ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .

7 g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3 ln= M g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3sf] :yfkgf )^$.(.@( ut] ePsf] xf] . o; ;+3n] cfkm\gf ultljlwx? d'n'ssf] ^& lhNnfsf] (!% uf=lj=;=df lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . o; ;+3df $( j6f ljifout lhNnf ;+3x? / ^@^ j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? u/L hDdf ^&% ;+3 ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3sf] z]o/ k'FhL ? $% nfv /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3 cGt{ut ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?åf/f k|jl4t ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; j}+ssf] sf/f]jf/ ? # cj{ %) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . o; cGt{ut ;+rlfnt ;xsf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf ;b:ox?nfO{ sl/j (=*) cj{ j/fj/sf] n3'shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] 5 . o; ;+3 cGt{utsf ;+:yfx?af6 b'Uw k|zf]wg s[lif xf6jhf/ ;+rfng, t/sf/L ;+sng s]Gb| :yfkgf, vfB k|zf]wg, jfnL ;'/Iff, ;fd'lxs l;FrfO{, vfg]kfgL, kz';]jf, jLp j}+s, nf]k pGd'v hftLx?df ;]jf lj:tf/, kz' ;'/Iff Aoj:yf, j}slNks phf{, lrof v]tL, :s'n ;+rfng, jfnjfnLsf :ofxf/ s]Gb|, u|fdL0f j}+s, kz'kfng, cflb h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ut cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd ? !=% nfvaf6 ljleGg k|s[ltsf tfnLd ;+rfng u/L !@% hgfnfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+3 cGt{ut s]Gb|Lo :t/df !^ hgf, lkmN8 :t/df @@ hgf / ljb]zL :jo+;]js # hgf ;d]t $! hgf sd{rf/Lx? sfo{/t 5g\ . o; ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no s'k08f]n, nlntk'/df /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3af6 cfˆg} s]lGb|o :t/sf]

158

k|lzIf0f s]Gb| :yfkgfsf] nfuL lrtjg lhNnfsf] aR5f}nL uf=lj=;=df ?= @ s/f]8 #) nfv a/fa/sf] rf/ laufxf hldg vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

8 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8j'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8j'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf @)^* ;fndf ePsf] xf] . o; ;+3df xfn ;Dd @ j6f ljifout lhNnf ;+3 / %) j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yf ;d]t hDdf %@ j6f ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf 5 . pQm ;+3 cGt{ut xfn d'n'ssf] !^ lhNnfdf sof{qmd lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8a'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .

9 s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M cGt/f{li6«o d'No dfGotf / l;4fGtx?sf] cfwf/df ;b:ox?df 5l/P/ /x]sf] >f]t / ;fwgnfO{ PsLs[t u/L ;b:ox?sf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?åf/f ;+rflnt Pj+ k|hftflGqs k4ltaf6 lgolGqt ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] dfWodåf/f pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] nflu Ps pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L u7g u/L ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] ldlt )^^.!@.@& df btf{ ePsf] xf] . xfn ;+3sf] sfof{no jlb{jf;, dxf]Q/Ldf /x]sf] 5 / o; ;+3df $^ ;+:yf cfj4 /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3n] l;/fxf lhNnfsf] rGb|nfnk'/df ld7fe]nL pBf]u ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{;+u ;dGjo u/L @ lbj;Lo g]t[Tj ljsf; / n]vfkfng tfnLd ;+rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .

10 g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf )^*.$.!^ df

159

ePsf] xf] . btf{sf] ;dodf @& j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf]df xfn #^ j6f ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L jif{sf] pknIfdf o; ;+3sf pkfWoIf >L lzj s'df/ 8fFuL ;d]tsf] 6f]nLn] ;xsf/Lsf] nf]uf]÷k|lts lrGx / ;xsf/Lsf] em08f ldlt )^*.@.!# ut] ;u/dfyfsf] r'r'/f]df kmx/fpg] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cf=j= )&).&! df k|fKt ? ! nfv cg'bfg /sdaf6 sDKo'6/ ;d]tsf pks/0f ;fdfu|Lx? vl/b ul/Ps]f lyof] . ;fy} ;xsf/Lsf e'ldsf ljifos cGt/lqmofdf #) hgf kqsf/x?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DjGwL tfnLd k|bfg ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] .

11 h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M ;xsf/L d'No dfGotf / l;4fGt cg'?k ;xsf/Ltfsf] dfWodaf6 h'gf/ pTkfbgsf] Aofj;flos ljsf; tyf jhf/ Aoj:yfkg u/L ;b:o ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ltgsf ;b:ox?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf; ug{sf nflu ;b:ox?jLr ;dGjo Pj+ cGt{;DjGwnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L h'gf/ pTkfbg AojfonfO{ k|j4{g / ljsf; ug{sf nflu @)^^ ;fn j}zfv !& ut] of] ;+3 ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df /fd]5fk / l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf $( j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? / @ j6f ;+3x? ;d]t %! j6f ;+3;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf] 5g\ . o; ;+3n] ut cf=j=df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd ? ! nfv / ;+3sf] tkm{af6 ?= # nfv ^) xhf/ ;d]t hDdf ? $ nfv ^) xhf/ af6 sDKo'6/ ;]6–!, lk|G6/–!, dlN6d]l8of k|f]h]S6/–!, XjfO6 jf]8{–! vl/b ug{'sf] ;fy} cfrf/;+lxtf ljifos–! / ahf/ Joj:yfkg ljifos–! ;d]t hDdf @ j6f uf]i7L / h'gf/ v]tL ;DjGwL k|fljlws Sofn]G8/ 5kfO{sf] sfd ePsf] lyof] . cf=j= @)&)÷&! df h'gf/ v]tL k|ljlw ljifos k':ts k|sfzg u/]sf] lyof] . cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;+3n] ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / gLlh ;fem]bf/Ldf h'gf/ k|zf]wg pBf]u :yfkgfdf ;s[o ;xeflutf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

12 g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M cGt/f{li6«o ;xsf/L dx;+3n] u/]sf] ;xsf/L d'No dfGotf / l;4fGt cg'?k

160

;xsf/Ltfsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfndf df}/Lkfng tyf dx pTkfbgsf] Aofj;fl;os ljsf; tyf jhf/ Aoj:yfkg u/L g]kfndf 5l/P/ /x]sf df}/L Aoj;fo ;Fu ;DjlGwt ul/j, ljkGg, blnt, lk5l8Psf] ju{, hflt tyf dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;ug{sf] nflu dx pTkfbg Aoj;fonfO{ k|j4{g / ljsf; ug{ cfjZos dx;'; u/L g]kfn df}/Lkfng dxf;+3sf] kxndf ldlt )^$.$.#@ df j;]sf] klxnf] k|f/lDes e]nfsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ b]ze/ @& j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfj4 u/fO{ ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* adf]lhd )^$.*.% sf lbg of] ;+3sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df %& j6f df}/Lkfng ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .

13 s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M slkm pTkfbs s[ifsx?sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs pTyfg ug]{ clek|fon] d'n'se/sf slkm pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ pko'Qm dfu{bz{g lbO{ Aojf;los ;dGjo, ;xof]u / s]Gb|:t/Lo ;]jf k'¥ofpg s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;xsf/L P]g, @)$* cg';f/ ul7t b]ze/ /x]sf slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] 5ftf ;+u7gsf] ?kdf @)^# d+;L/ # ut] ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ ePsf] o; ;+3sf] k|d'v p2]Zo ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf tyf s[ifs ;b:ox?nfO{ slkm v]tL Aoj;fosf] bLuf] pTkfbg tyf pTkflbt slkmsf] lgoldt jhf/ Aoj:yf ldnfO{ ;f]sf] dfWodaf6 ;b:ox?sf] cfo :t/df j[l4 ug{ pTk|]l/t u/L ;xsf/LtfnfO{ ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] ;zQm cleofgsf] ?kdf cuf8L j9fpg' /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+3df xfn !) j6f ;+3 / $# j6f ;+:yf u/L %# j6f ;+3;+:yf cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . o; ;+3n] cf=j= @)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? %) xhf/ / ;+3sf] nfut ;xeflutfaf6 klNkª d]lzg vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

14 g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, M ;xsf/L ljefuåf/f ldlt )^&.!@.!! df g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] btf{ ePsf] xf] . o; ;+3df xfn %( j6f k|f/lDes ljB't ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;+ul7t /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= @)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt

161

cg'bfg /sd ? %) xhf/ ;d]t ;+Vofsf] nfut ;xeflutfaf6 o; ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf cfjZos kg]{ kmlg{r/ vl/b ug'{sf] ;fy} ! j6f cGt/lqmof uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

15 s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M g]kfndf ;g !(@) b]lv lrof v]tLsf] ;'?jft eO{ vf; u/L d'n'ssf] k'lj{ If]q– O{nfd, kfFry/, emfkf, wgs'6f nufotsf lhNnfx?df gub] jfnLsf] ?kdf v]tL ul/b} cfPsf]df xfnsf jif{x?df lrof v]tLsf] lj:tf/ eO{ cGo lhNnfx?df klg Aoj;flos ?kdf pTkfbg ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;xsf/L ljefudf ldlt )^&.%.#! ut] s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3sf] btf{ eO{ ljz]if u/L k|f/lDes lrof ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u / gLltut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfd x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . xfn ;Dd o; ;+3df ^* j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yfx? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ eg] % j6f lhNnf ;+3x? cfj4 /x]sf 5g\ . cf=j= )&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L $$ j6f lrof ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltgLlwx?nfO{ ef/tdf cjnf]sg e|d0f, @) hgfnfO{ kN;{ tflnd, ^) hgfnfO{ Joj;flos g]t[Tj tflnd, @) j6f ;xsf/Lsf] Joj;flos of]hgf th{'df, lrofaf/L Pkm=Pd= ;+rfng, lrof lbj; / cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf sfdx? klg ;DkGg ePsf lyP .

16 g]kfn s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= M ;xsf/L P]g @)$* cGt{ut /xL b]z e/ ;+rflnt :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf :jf:Yo ;Fu ;DjlGwt ;]jfnfO{ cfkm\gf] d'n p2]Zosf] ?kdf sfo{/t ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ;+3x?sf] k|j4{g / ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu ldlt @)^* >fj0f @@ ut] ;xsf/L ljefudf btf{ eO{ sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf–!%, 7'nf] e/ofª\, :joDe'df cfkm\gf] sfof{no :yfkgf u/L ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . xfn b]ze/ btf{ ePsf s'n &) j6f :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? dWo] klZrdsf] ;Nofg b]lv k'j{sf] emfkf ;Ddsf u/L #@ j6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ! dfq sf7df08f}+ lhNnf :jf:Yo ;+3 o;df cfj4 eO{ ;s]sf] 5g\ . o; ;+3sf] z]o/ k'FhL ? $ nfv % xhf/ /x]sf] 5 .

162

!& g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] :yfkgf @)^(÷*÷@) df ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df *^ j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ^ j6f ;+3 ;d]t u/L hDdf (@ j6f ;+3;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . of] ;+3n] /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf] ;b:otf ;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;+3sf] z]o/ kFlh ?= ^$ nfv, art kl/rfng ?= ^=% s/f]8 / cf=j= )&)÷&! df ;DkGg sfo{x? dWo] ;b:otf lj:tf/, cGt/lqmof uf]i7L ;+rfng, gLltut nlaª cflb ePsf] / o; cf=j=df cfDbfgL ?=()=$! nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

!* aLp pTkfbs s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= s]lGb|o aLpljhg ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf] btf{ @)^(÷*÷@) ut] ePsf] xf] . ;+3sf] d'n p2]Zo u'0f:t/Lo lap pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0f ug'{ xf] . xfn ;Dd o; ;+3df !! lhNnfsf @( j6f k|f/lDes ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cfj4tf /x]sf] 5 . cf=j=)&)÷&! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 aLp pTkfbs s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;d]t * j6f s]Gb|Lo:t/sf ljleGg ;+3x?nfO{ Psd'i7 ?kdf k|fKt ? ^ nfv cg'bfg / ;+3x?sf] ;xeflutf ;d]t u/L hDdf ? @% nfvsf] vr{df sf7df08f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf jf8{ g+= #$ df ;xsf/L ahf/ ;+rfngsf] sfd z'? ul/Psf] lyof] .

!(_ g]kfn s]Gb|Lo dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= k/Dkf/ut df5fkfng Joj;fonfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f / Jofj;foLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn s]Gb|Lo dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=sf] u7g @)&)÷#÷#) df ePsf] xf] . xfn o; ;+3df #@ j6f k|f/lDes ;+:yf / # j6f ;+3 cfj4 /x]sf] 5g\ . o; cjlwdf ;+3n] ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg u/]sf], df5fkfng ;DaGwL tfnLd ;+rfng u/]sf] / df5f gLlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

163

kl/R5]b ( ;xsf/L ljefu

(=! jflif{s sfo{qmd ;+rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&!

;xsf/L ljefu cGtu{tsf l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{nox?n] rfn' cf=a= @)&!÷&@ df ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb tkm{ a=lz=g+ #%@!##–#÷$ / ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf tkm{ a=lz=g+= #%@!#$–#÷$ cGtu{t :jLs[t aflif{s sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogdf Ps?ktf Nofpg] p4]Zosf ;fy of] sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L nfu ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f -j=lz=g+= #%@!##–#÷$_ tkm{

;xsf/L ljefuaf6 k|fKt clVtof/L / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u÷;xsf/L tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t aflif{s÷rf}dfl;s sfo{qmd adf]lhd l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no / ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng x'g] ljleGg tflnd sfo{s|d sfof{Gjog ubf{{ lgDg cg';f/sf] sfo{ljlw clgjfo{ ?kdf k'/f ug'{kg]{5 . -!_ ;xefuLx?sf] 5gf}6 M tflnd sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z x'g] ;xefuLx?df b]xfosf] Go'gtd of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmx? x'g' kg]{5 M

• tflnd sfo{qmddf ;xefuL JolQmx? ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf ;b:o, ;+rfns / sd{rf/Lx? x'g'kg]{ .

• lhNnfdf u7g ePsf ljleGg k|s[ltsf ;+:yf ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}+6 ug'{ kg]{ .

• kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff, ;r]tgf / cfwf/et ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg tfnLdsf] xsdf ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{ hfGg] t/ n]vfkfng, kN;{ cg'udg / cGo clws[t:t/sf] tfnLdsf] xsdf P;=Pn=;L= pQL{0f x'g' kg]{5 .

• ;se/ lhNnfsf ;a} ef}uf]lns tyf ;fdflhs If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] x'g'kg]{,

• ;xefuLsf] ;+Vof k|To]s tflnddf slDtdf @% hgf x'g'kg]{, • Ps} lsl;dsf] tflnddf klxn] ;xefuL eO{;s]sf]nfO{ k'gM ;dfj]z

gug]{ .

164

• kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLdsf] nflu ljlwjt ul7t ;dxsf ;b:o ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .

-@_ k|lzIfsx?sf] 5gf}6 M s_;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{noaf6 ;+rfng ul/g] tflndsf]

nflu k|lzIfsx?df b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5M • :gfts jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] z}lIfs of]Uotf eO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf

sfo{ cg'ej ePsf] x'g' kg]{ , • k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|fKt -lzIf0f sfo{df ;+nUg x'g k|lzIfsn]

slDtdf Ps xKtfsf] TOT lnPsf] _ x'g'kg]{ • sfof{nosf] sd{rf/L eGbf jflx/jf6 klg of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{

k|lzIfssf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] . v_l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no cGt/ut ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f

cfof]hgf ;d]tjf6 ;+rfng x'g] ljleGg tflndsf] nfluM k|lzIfsx?df b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{ 5 M

• sDtLdf k|df0f kq tx ptL0f{ eO{ ;xsf/L If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf] . • k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd k|fKt jf k|lzIf0fsf] If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf]

jf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f ;DjGwL cg'ej ePsf] . • sfof{nosf] sd{rf/L eGbf jflx/ jf6 klg of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{

k|lzIfssf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] .

-#_ tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg jdf]lhdsf k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 M

• k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf k|lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lx?, dfs{/, k|lzIf0f af]8{, dN6Ld]l8of, Overhead Projector, Multi-media Projector, Flip chart, cfbLsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{,

• tfnLd ;xeflutfTds ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;dx 5nkmn÷cGt/ls|of h:tf lqmofsnfk ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{kg]{,

• ;+ej eP;Dd glhssf] pTs[i6 ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] cfwf sfo{lbgsf] :ynut e|d0f /fVg] .

165

-$_ k|lzIffyL{n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwfx? M k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eP jfkt k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ :jLs[t gD;{ jdf]lhdsf] b]xfosf ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 :jLs[t u/]sf] gD;{sf] k|ltlnlk cg';rL ! df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

• b}lgs eQf -cy{ dGqfnojf6 :jLs[t gD;{, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnosf] lgb]{zg tyf clVtof/L / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL @)^$ cg';f/_,

• kl/jxg ;['ljwf eP ;f] jfktsf] ef8f, • :6]zg/L ;fdfg • kf7\o ;fdfu|L, • vfhf, cfbL .

-%_ tflnd ;dfkg ePkl5 M

• tflndsf] dNof+sg ug]{, • k|ltj]bg - ljefudf k|ltj]bg k7fpbf tflnd lnPsf

JolQm / >f]t JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f klg k7fpg]_ . • tflnd kj{ k/LIff -Pre-test_ / tflnd kl5sf] k/LIff

(Post -test) lnO{ cWofjlws ug]{ . • tflnd k|fKt ug]{ JolQmx?sf] clen]v /fVg] . • tflnd ;DkGg ePkl5 k|df0f kq k|bfg ug]{ .

;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf -j=lz=g+= #%@!#$–#÷$_

tkm{

;xsf/L ljefuaf6 k|fKt clVtof/L] / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u÷;xsf/L tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t aflif{s÷rf}dfl;s sfo{qmd cg';f/ ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf tkm{ ;dfj]z ePsf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ubf{ lgDgfg';f/sf] k|s[of cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5M

!= ;rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s Joj:yfkg M k|To]s l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no tyf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{non] cfk\mgf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]q leqsf lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYofªs cWofjlws ?kdf ;+sng, clen]vg, ljZn]if0f ;lxt lhNnf Profile k|sfzg ug]{ . k|fb]lzs If]qsf ;rgfx? sfof{nosf] sDKo6/df Store/Save u/L ;'/lIft ;fy /fVg] . o; l;nl;nfdf ;+sng ul/g] ljj/0fx? ;'/lIft /fVg ljefun] pknJw

166

u/fPsf] Format/Soft ware sf] k|of]u ug]{ . ;xsf/L ;rgf ;DaGwL clen]v tof/ u/L Soft Copy / Hard Copy ljefudf k7fpg] .

@= ;xsf/L ;rgf k|ljlw tyf OG6/g]6 ;]jf lj:tf/ M ;xsf/L sfof{nox?n] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;+rflnt k|To]s ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s cWofjlws u/L k|ToIf ?kdf ljefudf k7fpg cfjZos OG6/g]6 ;]jf vl/b u/L clwstd ?kdf Internet ;]jf k|of]u ug{], cfcfˆgf] sfof{nosf] Web Site lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; u/L ;f] sf] k|of]u ug]{ / ;'rgf k|ljlw ;Fu ;DaGwLt hgzlQm ljsf; -sDKo6/ tfnLd_ sf] sfd ug]{ . sfof{nodf k|of]u x'g] Internet Pj+ E-mail nufotsf ;'ljwf ;d]t o;af6 pkof]u ug{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

@-s_= ;xsf/L ;rgf ;+hfn Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu OG6/g]6 ;]jf lj:tf/ tyf ;+:yfut clen]v sDKo6/s[t Pj+ :SoflgªM ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof j9L /x]sf] ;xsf/L sfof{nox?n] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;+rflnt k|To]s ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYof+s cWofjlws u/L OG6/g]6 ;]jf vl/b ug{, ;'rgf k|ljlw ;Fu ;DaGwLt hgzlQm s/f/df lng], ;xsf/L ;rgf ;+sng ug]{, sDKo6/df clen]vg ug]{, k'/fgf] kmfOnjf6 :Soflgª ug]{, :Soflgª u/]sf] ;rgf sDKo6/df /fVg], ljB'tLo kmfOlnª ug]{ / clwstd ?kdf Internet ;]jf k|of]u ug{], cfcfˆgf] sfof{nosf] Web Site lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; u/L ;f] sf] k|of]u ug]{ / ;'rgf k|ljlw ;Fu ;DaGwLt hgzlQm ljsf; -sDKo6/ tfnLd_ sf] sfd ug]{ . sfof{nodf k|of]u x'g] Internet Pj+ E-mail nufotsf ;'ljwf ;d]t o;af6 pkof]u ug{ Aoj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

#=;dx ;xsf/Ls/0fsf] nflu kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tyf Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{s|dM

ul/jLsf] /]vf d'gL /x]sf nlIft ju{ / ;d'xsf] klxrfg u/L kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd ;+rfng, ;+:yf u7g Pjd\ ;dx ;zlQms/0f ug{ l;dfGt s[ifs tyf >ldsju{, dlxnf, cflbjf;L, blnt -sfdL bdfO{, ;fsL{, jfbL, uGwj{, kf]8], d';x/, 8f]d, rdf/, b';fb, wf]lj cflb_, /fp6], jgsl/of, ;'s'Djf;L, d'Qmsd}of, sdn/L, xlnof, l/S;f rfns tyf cGo ;jf/L dhb'/, ;/;kmfO{ dhb'/ nufot cGo l;dfGt gful/sx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yf btf{ u/L sfggL x}l;ot k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ 5 . ah]6 aStAodf pNn]lvt gLlt tyf sfo{s|d

167

sfof{Gjogsf nflu d'n'ssf] ;j} uf=lj=;=df ;xsf/Lsf] kx'r lj:tf/ ug]{ p4]Zon] xfn ;Dd ;xsf/L ;+:yf btf{ gePsf uf=lj=;=x?df ;+:yf lgdf{0fsf] nflu kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff sfo{s|d s]Gb|Lt ug'{ kg]{5 . ;dx ;xsf/Ls/0f tyf kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5 .

s= ul/j ;dbfodf cfwfl/t ;dx klxrfgM ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no, ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if / cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 u7g u/]sf ljleGg ;dxx?sf] tYof+s cWofjlws u/L kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{

v= ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g gePsf uf=lj=;=klxrfgM ;xsf/L sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf lhNnfdf ;dfj]z uf=lj=;=x?df ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 5}g olsg u/L ;+:yf gePsf uf=lj=;=df ;dx klxrfg u/L ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{ . u= cEoog tyf k|fKt tYof+ssf cfwf/df lgDgfg';f/sf ljifodf s]Gb|Lt /lx ;dxsf] jlu{s/0f ug]{,

• ;b:o ;+Vof slDtdf @% ePsf] -t/ Pp6} ;d'xdf @% hgf gePsf] cj:yfdf b'O{ jf tLg ;d'x ldnfO a9L ;xeflutf u/fpg] _, • ;dxsf] ?kdf lqmoflzn / ;fd'lxs p2]Zo k|flKtdf sl6j4,

;+:yfsf] u7g kZrft ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] lzk / Ifdtf ljsf; e} ;s]sf / ;DalGwt sfof{no -s[lif ljsf;, kz' ;]jf, dlxnf ljsf;, lh=lj=;, ul/jL lgjf/0f sf]if nufot cGo ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo_ af6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf] .

3= ;dxnfO{ ;xsf/L ;DjGwL cg'lzIf0f tyf kj{ ;xsf/L lzIff tfnLd k|bfg ug]{,

ª= ;xsf/L P]g @)$* tyf ;xsf/L lgodfjnL @)$( / ljefuLo lgb]{lzsf tyf kl/kqsf] clwgdf /lx ;xsf/L

;+:yfsf] btf{ ug]{ jf btf{sf lgldQ tf]lsPsf] sfof{nodf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .

$= ;xsf/L ;'zf;g tyf ;dGjosf] nflu ;xsf/LsdL{x? jLr cGtlqm{ofM cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleqsf ;xsf/LsdL{x? jLr ;dGjo u/L cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]usf] lj:tf/ / ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg sfo{df Ps?ktf Nofpg'sf] ;fy} ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ p4]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . o; cGt/ls|of uf]i7Ljf6 cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]u / ;dGjodf a[l4 x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng ug]{ M

168

s= ;doM Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{ v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;xeflutfsf] nflu

;rgf u/L ;f] jdf]lhd ;xefuL x'g cfpg] ;+rfns ;b:ox? . lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx?

. kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, n]vfk/LIfs cflbsf]

;xeflutf u/fpg] . u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5 . h;df ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] ;'zf;g, cGt/ ;xsf/L ;xof]u / ;dGjo / ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{, l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] . 3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M ;xeflutfTds ljlw, cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector

jf HP sf] k|of]u, ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,

ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M :jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{ jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . kl/jxg :6]zg/L ;dfu|L kf7\o ;fdfu|L vfhf cflb

r_ cGtlqm{of ;dfkg ePkl5 M cGtlqm{ofsf] dNof+sg k|ltj]bg -lgwf{l/t k|ult kmf/ddf ef}lts / ljlQo k|ult :ki6

v'Ng] ul/ _ ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no / ljefun] ug'{kg]{

lqmofsnfk cflb .

169

%= ;xsf/L ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tfsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfsx? jLr cGtlqm{of uf]i7LM cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ lhNnfsf n]vfk/LIfsx? jLr ;dGjo u/L ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{df Ps?ktf Nofpg / ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ p4]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . o; cGt/ls|of uf]i7Ljf6 ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?df kf/blz{tf / ;'zf;g a[l4 x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng ug]{ M

s= ;doM Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{ v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . sfof{nodf ;'rLs[t ePsf n]vfk/LIfs kmd{ tyf ;+:yfx?nfO{

sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ;rgf ug]{ / pQm ;rgf jdf]lhd ;xefuL x'g cfpg] n]vfk/LIfsx? .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? .

kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, cflbsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg] . u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M

o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5 . h;df ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfsf] n]vfk/L0f, ;'zf;g, ;xsf/L n]vf Aoj:yf / ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{, l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] . 3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M ;xeflutfTds ljlw, cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector jf

HP sf] k|of]u, ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,

ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M :jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{ jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . kl/jxg :6]zg/L ;dfu|L kf7\o ;fdfu|L vfhf cflb

r_ cGtlqm{of ;dfkg ePkl5 M cGtlqm{ofsf] dNof+sg

170

k|ltj]bg -lgwf{l/t k|ult kmf/ddf ef}lts / ljlQo k|ult :ki6 v'Ng] ul/ _

;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DjlGwt sfof{no / ljefun] ug'{kg]{ lqmofsnfk cflb .

^= k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;~rflnt nfO{g Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/Lx? jLr cGtlqm{of uf]i7LM cfkm\gf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq kg]{ lhNnfsf nfO{g Ph]G;Lsf kbflwsf/Lx? jLr ;dGjo u/L ;xsf/L If]qsf gLlt, P]g sfgg / o; ;+rflnt sfo{qmdx? sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / cGt/lqmof ug]{ p4]Zon] of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . o; cGt/ls|of uf]i7Ljf6 nfOg P]h]G;Lx? aLr ;xsf/L ;DaGwL 1fg clej[4L x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng ug]{ M

s= ;doM Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{ v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . k|fb]lzs sfo{ If]q leqsf lhNnfdf sfo{/t ljleGg sfof{nosf

k|d'v lhNNff clwsf/L, sfo{no k|d'v tyf kbflwsf/Lx? ;DalGwt lhNnfsf ;ef;b, tyf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?

. :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? . kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, cflbsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg] .

u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5 . h;df ;xsf/L If]qsf gLlt, P]g sfgg tyf sfo{qmd / k|fb]lzs If]q leq ;xsf/L pBdsf] ;Defjgf Pjd\ ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{, l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] . 3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M ;xeflutfTds ljlw, cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector

jf HP sf] k|of]u, ;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn,

ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M :jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{ jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . kl/jxg

171

:6]zg/L ;dfu|L kf7\o ;fdfu|L vfhf cflb



lqmofsnfk cflb .

&= :yfgLo :t/sf kqklqsfaf6 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL ;rgf ;fdfu|L k|sfzg M sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qsf :yfgLo :t/df k|sflzt x'g] b}lgs÷;fKtflxs ÷kflIfs Pj+ dfl;s kq klqsf / :yfgLo Pkm=Pd=jf6 ;xsf/L If]q ;+u ;+jlGwt ;fj{hlgs ;rgfx? k|sfzg÷k|zf/0f ug]{ . :jLs[t jflif{s sfo{qmd cg';f/ rf}dfl;s ljefhg cg';f/sf] ;+Vofdf ;rgf k|sflzt ug]{ . kqklqsfdf ;rgf ;fdfu|L k|sfzg ubf{ ;rgfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ /fli6|o jf k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qsf :yflgo kqklqsf ;d]tnfO{ lbg] t/ /fli6|o dxTjsf] ;rgf ;fdfu|L ePdf ljefu dfkm{t k|sfzg u/fpg] . ;xsf/L ;rgf k|sflzt ubf{ k|lt rf}dfl;s j9Ldf % xhf/ ;Dd vr{ ug]{ . *= ;xsf/L ;DjGwL hfu/0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ;Dkfbg, k|sfzg / ljt/0f÷ Pkm=Pd= k|;f/0f M ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tyf hfu/0f ;fdfu|Lx? tof/L ug]{ / :jLs[t sfo{s|d cg';f/ cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq Pkm=Pd /]l8of] dfkm{t k|zf/0f ug]{ . :yfgLo Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]af6 ;xsf/L ;DjGwL hfu/0f ;fdfu|L k|;f/0f ubf{ :yfgLo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;xsfo{df ;DjGwLt lgsfo;Fu ;Demf}tf u/Lsfof{Gjog ug]{ . ;xsf/L k|j4{g ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L k|zf/0f ug{ k7fpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xsf/L gLlt, ;xsf/L P]g sfg'gn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] Joj:yf, ljefuLo gLlt, kl/kq ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lng] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xsf/L P]g, gLlt,lgod sfg'g cflb ljkl/t / k|ltsn x'g] u/L ;fdfu|L k|sfzg / k|zf/0f gug]{ . :jLs[t sfo{s|d adf]lhd rf}dfl;s ?kdf lgoldt Pkm=Pd /]l8of] dfkm{t k|zf/0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 . (= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] PsLs/0f / lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8]zg sfo{ M -s_ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf PsLs/0fM Pp6} sfo{ If]q leq btf{ ePsf Ps} k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ PsLs/0f u/L ;jn ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ug{ / ;b:ox?sf] cfjZostf adf]lhd ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf PsLs/0f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . PsLs/0f sfo{s|d ;+rfng ubf{ ;b:ox?sf] cfjZostf / ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] dfu

172

jdf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{nosf] tkm{jf6 PsLs/0fsf] nfuL gLltut / k|s[ofut ;xlhs/0f tyf sfggL k|s[of cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{5 . ;+3 ;+:yf Plss/0f u/] jfkt k|lt PsLs/0fsf] vr{ jfkt ?= %))) kf+r xhf/ ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . v= lgis[o ;+3 ;+:yfsf] btf{ vf/]hLM k|rlnt P]g sfgg cg';f/ btf{ ePsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? dWo] lgis[o cj:yfdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] klxrfg u/L lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL ug]{ tyf lnSjL8]zg ug'{ kg]{5 . lgis[o ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL ubf{ k|lt ;+:yf ? #))) ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . lgis[o ;+:yfx?sf] btf{ vf/]hL tyf nLSjL8]zg k|lqmofsf] nflu lgDg sfo{ljlwx? cjnDjg ug'{kg]{5 .

-!_ lgis[o ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] klxrfg÷5gf}6 M nuftf/ b'O{ jif{ ;Dd ;fwf/0f ;ef gePsf], nuftf/ b'O jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf], ;+:yfn] lgoldt ?kdf j'emfpg' kg]{ ljj/0fx? ut b'O jif{ b]lv

gj'emfPsf], s'g} lgsfodf sf/jfxL grn]sf] / sf/jfxL gu/]sf] .

-@_ vf/]hL ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ?kdf lbg] M :ynut lgl/If0f u/L :yfgLo JolQm jf ;b:ox?jf6 d'r'Nsf u/fpg] /

;DaGwLt ;+:yfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] . vf/]h x'g nfu]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] jf/]df ;DjlGwt ;+:yfnfO{ cfk\mgf]

;kmfO{sf k|df0f k]z ug{ #% lbgsf] ;do /fvL :yfgLo :t/sf] kqklqsfdf ;rgf k|sflzt ug]{,

;rgfsf] Dofb leq k/]sf lgj]bgsf] hf+ra'em u/L ;xsf/L P]g jdf]lhd btf{ vf/]h ug]{ .

-#_ btf{ vf/]h ePsf ;+:yfx?sf] lnSjL8]zg ug]{ M ;xsf/L P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf pNn]lvt k|s[ofsf] cfwf/df ;DjlGwt ;+:yfsf] ;DkQL tyf bfloTj km/kmf/s ug{ lnSjL8]6/sf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu cg'dlt k|fKt ug]{ . lnSjL8]6/ lgo'Qm ug]{, ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ / bfloTj km/kmf/s ug]{ / km/kmf/s kl5 afFsL ar]sf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf k|rlnt sfgg jdf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . olb ;+:yfsf] ;Dklt tyf hfoh]yfjf6 vr{ ug]{ >f]t g/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 Aoxf]g'{ kg]{ ePdf lnSjL8]zg sfo{df nfUg] vr{sf] jf8kmf+8 b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g] u/L vr{sf] Aoj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ 5 M != lnSjL8]6/sf] kfl/>lds – ?= !),))).– @= d;nGb vr{ – ?= @))).– #= :yfgLo e|d0f vr{ – ?= @))).– $= k|ltj]bg tof/L vr{ – ?= @))).– %= ;'k/Lj]If0f vr{ – ?= $))).– -$_ ;+3 ;+:yf PsLs/0f / btf{ vf/]hL tyf lnSjL8]zgsf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{, ljefudf hfgsf/L u/fpg] / sfof{nosf] cfk\mgf] /]s8{df z'/lIft /fVg] Aoj:yf ldnfpg] .

173

!)= ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmdM k|To]s jif{ r}q @) ut] g]kfndf ;xsf/L lbj; dgfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] lbj;nfO{ lhNnf:t/df ;d]t k|jflxt ul/ ;xsf/L k|j4{g sfo{qmdnfO{ ult lbg] p2]Zon] ;+rfng ul/g] of] sfo{qmd cGt{ut lgDg sfo{qmdx? lgDgfg';f/sf] sfo{ljlw k'/f ul/ ug'{ kb{5 . s= ;xsf/L lbj; sfo{qmdsf] cj;/df cGt/lqmof÷5nkmn sfo{qmd ldltM r}q @) ut], sfo{qmd M Ps lbg, ljifox?M s= k|eftkm]/L, ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ;ldIff tyf lhNnfsf ;xsf/L ultljwLx?sf] ;ldIff

v= :yfgLo :t/df ;xsf/Ltfsf] k|j4{g ug{ cfjZos k|rf/ k|;f/ Joj:yf,

u= bf]xf]/L uLt, lgjGw÷sljtf k|ltof]lutf nufotsf ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd ;xefuLx?M ;xsf/LsdL{x?, k|d'v /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, ljleGg sfof{nosf k|d'v nufotsf JolQmx? .

v= cfkm\gf] sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]qleqsf pTs[i6 ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L tyf ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L sfof{nodf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ k'/:sf/ tyf k|z+;f kq ljt/0f

!= ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf tyf kbflwsf/L Pj+ sd{rf/LnfO{ k'/:sf/÷k|;+zf kq ljt/0fM cfkm\gf] k|fb]lzs clwsf/ If]q leqsf ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yf Pj+ tL ;+3÷;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx? dWo]jf6 Pp6f ;+:yf tyf Ps hgf kbflwsf/L nfO{ k'/:sf/ tyf ;Ddfg k|bfg ug]{ . o;/L k|bfg ul/g] k'/:sf/ jf k|z+zf kq kfpg] ;+:yf jf kbflwsf/Lsf] 5gf}6 b]xfosf] cfwf/df ug]{ M

;xsf/L P]g÷lgodfjnL k|lt k|ltj4 / lqmoflzn, :jLs[t ljlgodsf] k0f{ kfngf, ;b:o ;xeflutf sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt / ;xsf/L sfof{no ;+usf] ;DjGw, clen]v Joj:yfkg / kf/blz{tf, ljut tLg jif{df lgoldt ;fwf/0f ;ef, ljgf e]befj r'gfj, n]vf

;ldltsf] Joj:yf u/]sf], n]vfk/LIf0f / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg, ;b:ox? jLr / hgdfg;df ;+:yfsf] 5lj, ;+:yfsf] cj:yf, cflb

@= pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ ;xsf/L sfof{nosf Pshgf sd{rf/LnfO{ ?=@))). ;Ddsf] gub k'/:sf/ tyf k|z+zf kq k|bfg ug]{ M

;xsf/L sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf sd{rf/Lx? dWo] pTs[i6 sfo{ ug]{ Pshgf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] 5gf}6 cfwf/df cfwfl/t /lx k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg kq k|bfg ug]{

174

sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{s'zntf, lgoldttf, kf/blz{tf, OdfGbf/Ltf, cg'zf;g / ;bfrf/

ljut # aif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf (% k|ltzt eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt u/]sf] , ;xsf/L ;DjGwL hfgsf/L / lqmoflzntfsf] ;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnf ju{

;+usf] ;DjGw / Jojxf/ ;xsf/L ljefudf # aif{ / ;DjlGwt sfof{nodf ! aif{ ;]jf u/]sf] .

pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] k'/:sf/x? tyf ;Ddfg kq ljt/0f sfo{ ;xsf/L lbj;sf] cf}krfl/s ;df/f]xdf g} ug]{ .

!!= cg'udg lg/LIf0f / k|ltj]bg M cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udg ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj ;DjlGwt ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] x'G5 . k|fKt hgzlQm, ah]6 Aoj:yf nufotsf l;dfx?nfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ rfn' cf=j=df :jLs[t sfo{qmddf pNN]lvt ;+Vofdf ;xsf/L ;+3 ;:yfx?sf] ultljlwx? ;3g ?kdf cg'udg / lg/LIf0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu k|:t't sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf] . of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;xs/L P]g, lgodfjnL, dfkb08 / cGo k|rlnt P]g sfggn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] k|lqmof k'/f ug'{sf cltl/Qm lg/LIf0f, cg'udg jf e|d0fsf] ;dfKtL kl5 clgjfo{ ?kdf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ljefudf k]z ug'{kg]{ 5 . pNn]lvt ;3g cg'udgsf] sfd k'/f u/] jfkt k|lt ;+:yf ?= @))) ;Dd vr{ n]Vg ;lsg]5 . k|ltj]bgx?n] p7fPsf s}lkmotx?sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{, ;'wf/sf sfo{of]hgf dfu ug{ / lgb]{zg lbg ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf sd{rf/Lx? ;DalGwt lhNnfdf hfg] Joj:yf ldnfO{g]5 . !@= tfnLd sfo{s|d M ;xsf/L If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgfj tkm{ ## l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox?df ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tfnLd / ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg tyf n]vfkfng tfnLd ;+rfng x'g]5g . s= ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tfnLd M ;xsf/L ;+:yf u7g eO sfggL x}l;ot k|fKt

ul/;s]kl5 ;+:yf ;+rfng k|lqmofsf] af/]df ;b:ox?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug{ b'O{ lbj;Lo tflndsf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ of] ;xsf/L ;r]tgf tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . 5f]6f] ;dodf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DalGw Jo:yfksLo 1fg k|bfg ug{ of] tflnd cToGt k|efjsf/L x'g] x'bfF k|lt tflndsf] nflu ?= #),)))÷– -tL; xhf/_ ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tfnLdsf] sfo{ljlw / gD;{ ;DjGwL cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| jh]6 zLif{s g+= #%@!##–#÷$ df pNn]vt ePcg';f/ x'g]5 .

v= ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLdM :yfgLo txdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;+rfns, Joj:yfks, sd{rf/L / ;b:ox?nfO{ ;xsf/L n]vfkfng ;DalGw k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug{ k|To]s l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nodf ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vf Joj:yfkg tflndsf] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] 5 . of] tflnd 5 sfo{lbgsf] x'g] 5 . ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tfnLdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jh]6 dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{jf6 ?=%) xhf/ vr{ ;xsf/L sfof{non] Joxf]g]{ 5 eg] afFsL /sd tflnddf ;+nUg x'g rfxfg]

175

;+:yfaf6 ;xeflutf ug{' kg]{ 5 . ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflndsf] nflu ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] tkm{jf6 ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] jh]6 cg';f/ nfut ;xeflutf ug'{ kg]{5 . tfnLdsf] sfo{ljlw / gD;{ ;DjGwL cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| jh]6 zLif{s g+= #%@!##–#÷$ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .

u= cfwf/et ;xsf/L Aoj:yfkg tfnLdM ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf ;+rfns, ;b:o / sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;+rfng / Jo:yfkg ;DalGw 1fg k|bfg ug{ of] tflnd cToGt k|efjsf/L x'g] x'bfF k|lt tflndsf] nflu ?= &),)))÷– -;Q/L xhf/_ ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tfnLdsf] sfo{ljlw / gD;{ ;DjGwL cGo s'/fx?sf] xsdf ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| jh]6 zLif{s g+= #%@!##–#÷$ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .

!#= cGt/ lhNnf ;xeflutfTds ;xsf/L cjnf]sg e|d0fM ;xsf/L

sfof{non] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] nfut ;xeflutfdf cGt/lhNnf cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ 5 . cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] p2]Zo cGo lhNnf tyf ef}uf]lns aftfj/0fdf ;+rflnt ;kmn ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] :ynut cjnf]sgaf6 pko'Qm df]8nx?sf] cg'z/0f (Replication) u/L cfˆgf] ;+:yfnfO{ Joj;flos agfpg' /x]sf] 5 . cGt/lhNnf ;xeflutfTds canf]sg e|d0fsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 oftfoft vr{, b}lgs e|d0f eQf / vfhf tyf cGo cfjZos :6]zg/L nufot k|ltj]bgsf] tof/Ldf vr{ n]Vg ;lsg] 5 . cGt/lhNnf ;seflutfTds ;xsf/L cjnf]sg e|d0fsf] ;+of]hg k|fb]lzs If]q leqsf lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] ;+of]hgdf ;xsf/L sfof{non] ug]{5 . cjnf]sg e|d0fdf ;xeflu x'g rfxfg] ;+3;+:yfsf ;b:o tyf kbflwsf/Lx?n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht /sd ?= Ps nfv dflysf] vr{ nfut ;xefuLtfaf6 Joxf]{g' kg]{5 .

!$= ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfTds k|ult ;dLIffM k|To]s

;xsf/L sfof{non] cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs If]qleq ;+rflnt ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] aflif{s k|ult ;dLIffsf] cfof]hgf u/L x/]s ;+3;+:yfsf ultljlwx?sf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{, tYof+s cWofjlws ug]{, /fd|f sfdsf] nfuL k|f]T;fxg ug]{ / unt sfdsf/jfxLdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;'emfj lbg] p2]Zosf ;fy of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] k|ult ;dLIff ug{' ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfsf]

176

bfloTj ePsf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljlgof]lht /sd ?= krfF; xhf/df ;+3;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 nfut ;xeflutf ug{' kg]{5 . ah]6sf] ;Ldf leq /xL k|fb]lzs If]qleq sDtLdf Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L :yfgx?df k|ult ;dLIff sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

!%= ;xsf/L Aoj;fo k|j4{g uf]i7LM ;xsf/L sfof{nox?n] cf–cfˆgf]

ef}uf]lns sfo{If]qdf ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] pBd Joj;fox? h:t} M lrof, skmL, b'Uw, dx, cb'jf, cn}rL, hl8a'6L, nK;L, h'gf/ tyf cGo kmnkmn , pkef]Qmf, ko{6g, ljB't, oftfoft, ;+rf/ cflb dWo] s'g} Ps pBd Joj;fosf] k|jw{g ug{ pQm pBd;+u ;DalGwt ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;b:o tyf kbflwsf/Lx? ;d]tsf] pkl:yltdf Ps lbj;Lo uf]i7Lsf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] 5 . ;xsf/L Joj;fo k|j4{g uf]i7L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ lgDg kIfdf Wofg lbP/ ;+rfng ug]{ M

s= ;do M ;xsf/L sfof{non] cfˆgf] k|fb]zLs If]qleq lglZrt ;xsf/L pBd k|j4{g ug]{ u/L Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{, v= ;xefuLx?M sfo{qmddf cfˆgf] k|fb]lzs sfo{If]qleqsf b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] . sfof{nosf] k|fb]lzs If]q leq u7g eO ;+rfngdf /x]sf

;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ lglZrt pBd Joj;fo ;+rfngdf k|f]T;fxg ug{ ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf ;b:o tyf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g ;rgf ug]{ / pQm ;rgf jdf]lhd ;xefuL x'g cfpg] ;xsf/LsdL{x? .

lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf, lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3 tyf ljifout ;xsf/L ;+3sf kbflwsf/Lx? .

kqsf/÷;dfh;]jL, ;xsf/L lj1, cflbsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg] . u=5nkmn÷sfo{kqsf ljifox? M

o; cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf sDtLdf @ j6f sfo{kqx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{ 5 . h;df ;xsf/L pBdsf] ;DefJotf / ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Djlwt lhNnfsf] efjL sfo{lbzf tyf sfo{s|dx? x'g] 5g . sfo{qmddf k]z ul/g] sfo{kqsf k|:t'tstf{, l6Kk0fLstf{ tyf k|ltj]bg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;xsf/L ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gD;{sf clwgdf /xL kfl/>lds /sd e'QmfgL lbg] . 3= cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ljlw M ;xeflutfTds ljlw, cfjZostf cg';f/ Meta Card, Multi-media Projector

jf HP sf] k|of]u,

177

;dx ljefhg / 5nkmn, ª_ ;xeflux?n] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf M :jLs[t ah]6sf] clwgdf /xL ;xsf/L dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t gD;{ jdf]lhd b]xfosf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . kl/jxg :6]zg/L ;dfu|L kf7\o ;fdfu|L vfhf cflb



lqmofsnfk cflb .

!^_ cfGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{g sfo{qmdM– ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yf eg]sf pBd Joj;fo ug]{ dfWod x'g\ . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 j:t' / ;]jf pTkfbg u/L cfˆg} dfWod jf ;xsf/Laf6 pkef]Qmfx? aLr k'¥ofpg ljt/0fsf sfdx? ;d]t ;+rfng x'g ;Sb5g\ . g]kfndf ko{6g Joj;fosf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;xsf/Lx?n] pQm Joj;fo;+u ;DalGwt xf]6n Jo;fo tyf xf]d:6] k|j4{g / ;+rfng ug{ pTk|]l/t ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 . To;sf] nflu ;xsf/L sfof{non] k|rf/ k|;f/ ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof ;+rfng, ko{6g ;xsf/L k|j4{gsf] nflu kf7\o

;fdfu|L pTkfbg, ljt/0f / :yfgLo FM /]l8of]af6 k|zf/0f ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy of]

sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ul/Psf] xf] . ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df s'g} :yfgdf Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L ;xsf/Lx? ldn]/ ko{6g Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ / cGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{gdf ;xof]u ug]{ lx;fjn] of] sfo{qmd nfu' ul/Psf] xf] . o; sfo{qmd

cGt/ut k|To]s rf}dfl;s cjlwdf cfwf -!/@_ lbj;Lo cGt/lqmof uf]i7Lsf]

cfof]hgf u/L hDdf # j6f cGt/lqmof ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xsf/L hfu/0f tyf

k|j4{g ;fdfu|L pTKffbg ljt/0f jf :yfgLo FM /]l8of]af6 ;xsf/L k|j4{gsf]

nflu cfjZos ;fdfu|L tof/ u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xsf/L lgodg tyf ;'zf;gsf] ;fy} ;xsf/L If]qdf ko{6g k|j{4g sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ .

178

cg';rL !

tflnd sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljleGg ldltdf ePsf lg0f{ox?

s_ tflnd ;~rfng ;DaGwL gD;{x? M ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno cGt/utsf lgsfox?df ;+rfng x'g] tfnLd tyf uf]i7Lsf sfo{s|d / hg{n k|sfzgsf nflu ;d]t cy{ dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).!@.!* sf] dlGq:t/Lo lg0f{ofg';f/ ;a} k|sf/sf tflnd, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, sfo{zfnf ;+rfng ;DaGwL vr{sf] dfkb08 tyf ;xeflutf eQf Pj+ e|d0f vr{ M

l;=g k|of]hg÷ljj/0f b/ :ki6Ls/0f÷s}lkmot

k|of]hg÷ If]qLo:t/

lhNnf÷gu/:t/

ufpF:t/

!= g]kfn ;/sf/ cGt{utsf tflnd s]Gb|÷k|lti7fgx?4f/f ;+rfng ul/g] tflnd uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng, sfo{zfnfsf] sfo{kq k|:t'tstf{ kfl/>lds -k|lt ;q_ clws[t:t/ s_ aflx/L k|:t'tstf{ –sfo{kq jfkt –k|jrg jfkt v_cfGtl/s k|:t'tstf{ –k|jrg÷sfo{kq jfkt ;xfos:t/ s_ aflx/L k|:t'tstf{ –sfo{kq jfkt –k|jrg jfkt v_cfGtl/s k|:t'tstf{ –k|jrg÷sfo{kq jfkt

!%)).– !))).– !%)).– !%)).– &)).– !))).–

!%)).– !))).– !@)).– !%)).– &)).– *)).–

!))).– %)).– !))).– !))).– %)).– ^)).–

sfo{kq slDtdf !%)) zAbsf] x'g' kg]{ 5 . -kf/bz{s kfgf jf k|:t'tLs/0f l6kf]6sf] kmf]6f]skL sfo{kqdf dfGo x'g] 5}g . cfGtl/s k|:t'tstf{ eGgfn] ;DalGwt lgsfo leq}sf kbflwsf/L÷JolQm ;lDemg' kb{5 .

@= uf]i7L,;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng, sfo{zfnfsf] sfo{kqsf] l6Kk0fLstf{ kfl/>lds -k|lt sfo{kq_

&)).– &)).– #)).– Pp6f sfo{kqdf b'O{ hgf eGbf a9L l6Kk0fLstf{ /fVg ldNb}g .

#= ;Lk ljsf; tflnd s_ sIfut Joj:yf -k|ltsIff_ –sfo{kq÷Handsout jfkt –sIff ;+rfng jfkt v_ cfjlws Joj:yfdf -aflx/L >f]t JolQmsf]

&)).– %)).–

@%).– %)).–

@%).– %)).–

& sfo{lbg ;DDsf] tflnd sIffut ?kdf / ;f] eGbf a9Lsf] tflnddf cfjlws ?kdf >f]t JolQmsf] Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .

• cfjlws ?kdf ;|f]t JolQmsf] Joj:yf ubf{ Pp6f tflnddf b'O{hgf

179

xsdf #) sfo{lbg ;Dd k|ltlbg_ –d'Vo k|lzIfs -k|ltlbg Gogtd @ sIff lng'kg]{_ –;xfos k|lzIfs -k|ltlbg Gogtd @ sIff lng'kg]{_ u_ cfjlws Joj:yfdf -aflx/L >f]t JolQmsf] xsdf #) sfo{lbg eGbf a9L dfl;s_ –d'Vo k|lzIfs -dfl;s Gogtd ^) sIff lng'kg]{ _ –;xfos k|lzIfs -dfl;s Gogtd ^) sIff lng'kg]{

!))).– &)).– !%))).– !)))).–

%)).– #&%.– &%)).– %))).–

%)).– #%).– &%)).– %))).–

-cfjZostfg';f/ b'j} d'Vo jf Pshgf d'Vo / Pshgf ;xfos_ /fVg'kb{5 / ;Lk:t/ -Skill Level) sf cfwf/df :yfgLo k|rng;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L plNnlvt clwstd ;Ldfleq ltgsf] kfl/>lds tf]Sg'kb{5 .

• ;DalGwt sfof{non] ;+rfng u/]sf] tflnddf ;f]xL sfof{nosf] ;|f]t JolQm ePsf] cj:yfdf sIff lnP jfktsf] kfl/>lds gkfpg] t/ sfo{kq jfktsf] /sd kfpg]5 .

• sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Lsf] kl/jf/sf] lgs6td JolQm ;|f]t JolQm x'g' gx'g] .

• u|fdL0f kz':jf:Yo sfo{stf{ tflndh:tf ljleGg ljifo lj1 (Subject matter spacialists) cfjZos x'g] tflnddf cfjlws ?kdf ;|f]t JolQmsf] Joj:yf u/]kl5 klg cfjZos eP hDdf sIffsf] @) k|ltzt;Dd cltl/Qm ;|f]t JolQm4f/f sIffut ?kdf ;+rfng u/fpg ;lsG5 .

• Pp6f sIffsf] cjlw slDtdf ! 306f #) ldg]6 x'g'kb{5 .

• sfo{kq eGgfn] slDtdf &%) zAbsf] k|jGw ;Demg'kb{5, kf/bz{s kfgf, k|:t'tLs/0f l6kf]6 jf k|:t'tLs/0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] c? To:t} ;fdfu|Lsf] 5fFof k|lt sfo{kq x'Fb}g .

180

• lhNnf:t/Lo tflnd eGgfn] ;b/d'sfd jf cGoq hxfF ;+rfng ul/g] eP tfklg ;xefuLsf] -cfˆgf] 3/ jf ;fljssf] a;f]af; :ynaf6 b}lgs cf]xf]/–bf]xf]/ ug{ gEofOg] $ sf]; eGbf a9L eO{_ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ tflnd ;Demg' kb{5 .

$= tflnd s]Gb|x? afx]s cGo lgsfoaf6 ;+rflnt ;a} k|sf/sf tflndsf >f]t JolQm÷k|lzIfssf] kfl/>lds s_clws[t :t/sf] tflnd –sfo{kq÷Handsout jfkt –sIff ;+rfng jfkt v_ ;xfos:t/÷cGo tflnd – sfo{kq÷Handsout jfkt –sIff ;+rfng jfkt

()).– *)).– ()).– &)).–

&)).– ^)).– ^)).– %)).–

%)).– $)).– %)).– $)).–

• Pp6f sIffsf] cjlw slDtdf ! 306f #) ldg]6 x'g'kb{5 .

• sfo{kq eGgfn] slDtdf &%) zAbsf] k|jGw ;Demg'kb{5, kf/bz{s kfgf, k|:t'tLs/0f l6kf]6 jf k|:t'tLs/0fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] c? To:t} ;fdfu|Lsf] 5fFofk|lt sfo{kq x'Fb}g .

• ;DalGwt sfof{non] ;+rfng u/]sf] tflnddf ;f]xL sfof{nosf] ;|f]t JolQm ePsf] cj:yfdf sIff lnP jfktsf] kfl/>lds gkfpg] t/ sfo{kq jfktsf] /sd kfpg]5 .

• lhNNff:t/Lo tflnd eGgfn] ;b/d'sfd jf cGoGq hxfF ;+rfng ul/g] eP tfklg ;xefuLsf] -cfˆgf] 3/ jf ;fljssf] a;f]af; :ynaf6 b}lgs cf]xf]/ –bf]xf]/ ug{ gEofOg] $ sf]if eGbf a9L eO{_ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ tflnd ;Demg'kb{5 .

%= uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng, sfo{zfvf, tflnd, cWoog cfj4tf h:tf ;df/f]x p43f6g, ;dfkg vfhf÷;xefuLsf] vfhf

!%).–

!%).–

!%).–

• ;+of]hg, >f]t JolQm, k|ltj]bs / ;xof]uL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t

181

-k|lt JolQm k|lt lbg_ ljleGg ljlzi6 JolQmx?nfO{ o:tf ;df/f]xdf cfdGq0f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf o:tf ;a} JolQmx?sf] vfhf, vfgf vr{ jfkt a9Ldf Psd'i7 ?= @))).– ;Dd vr{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . t/ ljlzi7 JolQmx?sf] pkl:ylt ePsf] k|dfl0ft x'g' kg]{5 .

^= d;nGb s_ uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, ;Dd]ng, sfo{zfnfsf nflu –;xefuLsf nflu k|lt ;xefuL –k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nfu -k|lt sfo{qmd_ v_ ;Lk ljsf; tyf cGo tflnd sfo{qmdsf nflu –;xefuLsf nflu -& sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt ;xefuL_ –;xefuLsf nflu -& sfo{lbg eGbf a9L k|lt ;xefuL_ –k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu -& sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt sfo{qmd_ –k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu -#) sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt sfo{qmd_ – k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu -#) sfo{lbg eGbf a9L k|lt sfo{qmd_ u_ cWoog÷cjnf]sg, cWoog cfj4tfsf nflu –;xeflusf nflu -hlt;'s} sfo{lbg ePklg k|lt ;xefuL_

!)).– @%)).– %).– !)).– @))).– @%)).– #))).– $).–

!)).– @%)).– %).– &%.– !%)).– @))).– @%)).– $).–

%).– !))).– %).– ^).– !))).– !%)).– @))).– #).–

• k|lzIf0f sfo{sf] d;nGb cGtu{t af]8{dfs{/, kf/bz{s kfgf, sfo{kqsf] 5fFofk|lt, d]6fsf8{, dfl:6ª 6]k OToflb .

&= ;+of]hs eQf -clwstd !% sfo{lbg

%)).–

$)).–

#)).–

• Ps sfo{qmddf Ps hgf ;+of]hsnfO{ sfo{qmdsf]

182

;Dd k|ltlbg_ !% lbgkl5 k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg

@%).–

@)).–

!%).–

k|ltj]bg a'emfP kl5 / b'O{ hgf ;Dd ;xof]uLnfO{ eQf lbg ;lsg]5 .

*= ;xof]uL eQf -clwstd !% sfo{lbg ;Dd k|ltlbg_ !% lbgkl5 k|lt JolQm k|ltlbg

!%).– &%.–

!%).– &%.–

!%).– &%.–

• ;+of]hs tflnd cjlwdf ljbf a;]df eQf gkfpg] / ;+of]hssf] sfd ;xof]uLn] u/] afkt ;+of]hsn] kfpg] eQf kfpg] 5}g .

(= ljljw -k|df0f kq, kfgL, ;/;kmfO{, t'n OToflbsf nflu_ –& sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt sfo{qmd –#) sfo{lbg ;Dd k|lt sfo{qmd –#) sfo{lbg eGbf a9L k|lt sfo{qmd

!%)).– @))).– @%)).–

!))).– !%)).– @))).–

%)).– &%).– !))).–

!)= k|lzIffyL{ cfjf; vr{ k|rlnt ahf/ cg';fsf] ef8f b/

k|rlnt ahf/ cg';f/sf] ef8f b/

k|rlnt ahf/ cg';f/sf] ef8f b/

• tflnd cfof]hgf x'g] :yndf s'g} ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf] 5fqfjf; ePdf To:tf] lgsfon] tf]s]sf] b/df 5fqfjf; k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] t/ cNksfnLg tflndsf nflu xf]6n jf ;f]xL k|of]hgnfO{ 3/ef8fdf lnO{ vr{ n]Vg gkfO{g] .

!!= tflnd ;'ljwf -tflnd sIf tyf ef8fdf lng'kg]{ pks/0fsf] ef8f_

k|rlnt ahf/b/

k|rlnt ahf/b/

k|rlnt ahf/b/

!@= tflnd ;fdfu|L -sRrf kbfy{, gdgf, OGwg, kf]sfjGbLsf ;fdfg, vl/b ug{' kg]{ ;fgfltgf cf}hf/ cflb_

k|rlnt ahf/b/

k|rlnt ahf/b/

k|rlnt ahf/b/

!#= a:t'ut 6]jf #))).–

#))).–

• j:t'ut 6]jf eGgfn] tflndsf ;xefuLnfO{ gj k|fKt ;Lk pkof]u sfo{df clek|]l/t ug{ ;xfotf :j?k k|bfg ul/g] a:t' ;Demg' kb{5 . h:t} afv|fsf] dfp, df}/Lsf] 3f/, kz' :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ls6h:tf rLhj:t' ;fwg jf

183

pks/0f cflb . • :jLs[t sfo{qmddf

j:t'ut 6]jf k|bfg ug]{ u/L k|i6 Joj:yf gePsf]df j:t'ut 6]jf lbg ldNb}g .

!$=

:ynut k|fljlws k/fdz{bftfsf] b}lgs eQf / e|d0f tyf cfjf; vr{ s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/L v_ cGo

lgodfg';f/ låtLo txsf] %)).–

lgodfg';f/ låtLo txsf] #)).–

lgodfg';f/ låtLo txsf] #)).–

• lgodfg';f/ eGgfn] e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ ;Demg'kb{5 .

• låtLo txsf] eGgfn] e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL, @)^$ df plNnlvt låtLo txsf] ;Demg' kb{5 .

• k'g/cEof; sIffdf Ps :yfgdf hlt;'s} ;dx eP klg Ps lbgsf] kfl/>lds lbOg]5 . ;dxdf sDtLdf tLghgf x'g'kb{5 / Ps lbgdf Ps eGbf a9L k'g{cEof; sIffsf] kfl/>lds lbg ldNb}g .

• k|lt tflnd hlt k6s k/fdz{ ul/P klg clwstd ?= #))) jf låtLo txsf] b/ cg';f/ x'g] /sddf h'g sd x'G5 ;f] df ga9fO{ :ynut k|fljlws k/fdz{ vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

!%= k|ltj]bssf] kfl/>lds s_ kfl/>lds -;Dd]ng, uf]i7L / sfo{zfnf_ –Ps lbgsf] sfo{qmddf

!))).–

!))).–

!))).–

• k|ltj]bssf] kfl/>lds k|ltj]bg a'emfP kl5 dfq lbg' kb{5 . k|ltj]bg sfo{qmd ?= #))).– eGbf a9L x'g'x'Fb}g . ;fy} tflnd ;+of]hs / k|ltj]bs Ps} JolQm ePdf cltl/Qm kfl/>lds / vfhf÷vfgf vr{ bf]xf]/f] ;'ljwf kfOg] 5}g .

;xeflutf eQf

• k|lzIffyL{ 5gf}6 u/L jf gu/L ;+rfng ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] tflnd, uf]i7Lsf] ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;xefuL eQf pknAw gu/fpg] egL ;rgf ug{' kg]{5 .

184

• t/, tflnd, uf]i7L, sfo{zfnfsf] ;xefuLnfO{ eQf lbg] u/L sfo{qmdd} ;xeflux?nfO{ ;xefuL eQf jf ;xefuLsf] e|d0f vr{ jf b'j} lbg] u/L :jLs[t ePsf] sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/sf] ;xefuL eQf / ;xefuL e|d0f vr{ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

qm=;= k|of]hg b/ /sd ?= :ki6Ls/0f lhNnf aflx/ lhNnf leq

!= b}lgs vfg] a:g] vr{ jfkt -@! sfo{ lbg;Ddsf] tflnd_

%)).–

$%).–

• lhNnf:t/Lo tflnd eGgfn] ;b/d'sfd jf cGoq hxfF ;+rfng ul/g] eP tf klg ;xefuLsf] -cfˆgf] 3/ jf ;fljssf] a;f]af; :ynaf6 b}lgs cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ug{ gEofOg] $ sf]; eGbf a9L eO{_ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ug{'kg]{ tflnd ;Demg'kb{5 .

• PsfO; lbg eGbf a9L lbgsf] ePdf dfl;ssf] bfdf;fxLn] x'g] /sd lbgsf] klg yk ul/kfpg] .

• tflnd cjlwsf nflu ;xefuL eQf kfPsf]df b}lgs eQf jf cfjf; vr{ gkfpg] .

• sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] JolQmn] cGo lgsfoaf6 b}=e|=eQf kfpg] ePdf ;xefuL eQf kfpg] ePdf ;xefuL eQf gkfpg] .

• ;ft sfo{ lbg;Ddsf] tflnd ljbfsf] lbgdf klg nuftf/ ;+rfng ug{'kg]{ .

@= @! sfo{ lbgeGbf a9Lsf] tflnd eP vfg] a:g] vr{ jfkt dfl;s

^))).–

%))).–

#= sfo{qmdsf] tkm{af6 5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]df b}lgs vfgf vr{

@%).–

@%).–

$= 5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]df ! dlxgf eGbf a9L cjlwsf] eP vfgf vr{ jfkt dfl;s

$))).–

$))).–

b}lgs e|d0f eQf kfpg] u/L lhNnf aflx/af6 sfo{qmddf af]nfj6 e} ;xefuL x'g]x?nfO{ ;xeflutf eQf lbg ldNb}g . ;xefuLsf] e|d0f vr{ ;xefuLsf] cft] hft] vr{ sf] ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs oftfoft rNg] :yfgdf -a;_ jfktsf] Gogtd ef8f kfpg] . ;fj{hlgs oftfoft grNg] :yfgdf cft]hft] u/L b'O{ lbg;Ddsf] nflu Psd'i6 ? @)).– / ;f] eGbf a9L hlt;'s} lbg eP klg ?= %)).– Psd'i6 kfpg]5 . OGwg ;'ljwf ;jf/L ;fwg ;'ljwf kfpg] b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx?n] b]xfo cg';f/sf] OGwg ;'ljwf kfpg] u/L dfkb08 to ul/Psf] 5 . s_ ;jf/L ;'ljwf kfpg]sf] nflu O{Gwg vr{ ;'ljwf kfpg] kbflwsf/L dfl;s k]6«f]n÷l8hn -ln6/df_ q}dfl;s df]ljn / a|]s

cfon -ln6/df_ dGqL÷;+j}wflgs kbflwsf/L k|rlnt sfgg adf]lhd ;lrj÷ljlzi6 >]0fL !)) % ;x;lrj &@ %

185

v_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sfof{no k|of]hgsf ;jf/L ;fwg b/aGbL ;+Vof k'ndf ;jf/L

;fwg /fVg kfOg]

l8hn dfl;s ln=

k]6«f]n dfl;s ln=

df]lan / a|]s cfon ln= k|lt # dlxgf

;'ljwf kfpg] kbflwsf/L afx]s #) hgf sd{rf/L b/aGbL ePsf]df

! !)) &% %

yk %) df ! !)) &% % To;kl5sf] yk k|lt !)) b/aGbLsf nflu

! !)) &% %

n]vf /rgf kfl/>lds n]v /rgf ;dflji6 u/L klqsf k|sfzg ug]{ lgsfon] n]v /rgf jfktsf] kfl/>lds, sDKo'6/ ;]l6ª, l8hfOlgª / 6fOlkª, z'4fz'4L tyf ;Dkfbs d08nsf ;b:ox?nfO{ kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ubf{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df /sd e'QmfgL ug{'kg]{5 . l;=g+= ljj/0f b/ != n]vsnfO{ kfl/>lds k|lt n]v b|i6Jodf lbO{Psf] >]0fL cg';f/ ?= @))).–

b]lv $%)).– ;Dd -;Dkfbs d08nsf] lg0f{ofg';f/_

@= sDKo'6/ ;]l6ª, l8hfOlgª / 6fOk ;d]tsf nflu k|lt c+s

!,))).–

#= ;Dkfbs d08nsf ;b:ox?nfO{ k|lt ;b:o k|lt /rgf ;Dkfbg jfkt -clwstd % hgf_

^).–

b|i6Jo M

• cg';Gwfgdns, ljrf/dns, ljZn]ifgfTds / df}lns n]v tyf /rgfnfO{ s >]0fLdf /fvL ?= $%)).–

• tYodns, ljrf/dns, ljZn]if0ffTds / df}lns n]v tyf /rgfnfO{ v >]0fLdf /fvL ?= #%)).–

• ljj/0ffTds / df}lns n]v /rgfnfO{ u >]0fLdf /fvL ?= @))).–

186

s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|af6 cf=j= @)&!÷&@ df ;+rfng x'g] tfnLd sfo{qmdsf] jflif{s sfo{ tfnLsf k|yd rf}dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf l;=g+= sfo{qmd ;+Vof ldlt

1= Joj:yfkg ;Lk ljsf; tflnd -!% lbg]_

!

@)&!÷%÷#–@)&!÷%÷!(

2= ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf n]vfkfng -! dlxg]_

! @)&!÷%÷#–@)&!÷^÷^

3= /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df tflnd

! @)&!÷%÷@^–@)&!÷^÷^

4= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd ! @)&!÷%÷@^–@)&!÷^÷^

5= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd -lhNnfdf_ -& lbg]_

@ @)&!÷^÷@^–@)&!÷&÷!

6= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -lhNnfdf_ -& lbg]_

! @)&!÷&÷!!–@)&!÷&÷@&

7= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd -!% lbg]_

! @)&!÷&÷!!–@)&!÷&÷@&

hDdf * bf]>f] rf}dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf l;=g+= sfo{qmd ;+Vof ldlt

1= PEARLS -k|ydsf]_ !

@)&!÷*÷@–@)&!÷*÷!*

2= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;xfos:t/_ !% lbg] -k|ydsf]_

! @)&!÷*÷@–@)&!÷*÷!*

3= ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf n]vfkfng -! dlxg]_

! @)&!÷*÷@–@)&!÷(÷&

4= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;+rfngs:t/_ -!% lbg]_

! @)&!÷*÷@!–@)&!÷(÷&

5= pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo ljsf; tflnd -!% lbg]_

! @)&!÷*÷@!–@)&!÷(÷&

6= Joj:yfkg ;Lk ljsf; tflnd ;+rfns:t/_ -!% lbg]_

! @)&!÷(÷@&–@)&!÷!)÷!#

7= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;+rfns:t/_ -!% lbg]_

! @)&!÷(÷@&–@)&!÷!)÷!#

8= PEARLS ! @)&!÷!)÷!*–@)&!÷!!÷% 9= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd

-;xfos:t/_ -!% lbg]_ !

187

10= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -;+rfns:t/_ -!% lbg]_

! @)&!÷!)÷!*–@)&!÷!!÷%

11= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd @ @)&!÷!!÷!)–@)&!÷!!÷!^ 12= /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df -!)

lbg]_ ! @)&!÷!!÷!(–@)&!÷!!÷@(

13= Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; -ljifout / lhNnf ;+3_

! @)&!÷!!÷!(–@)&!÷!!÷@(

14= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd ! @)&!÷!!÷!(–@)&!÷!!÷@( hDdf !%

t]>f] rf}dfl;s sfo{ tflnsf l;=g+= sfo{qmd ;+Vof ldlt

1= ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg tyf n]vfkfng ! dlxg]

!

@)&!÷!@÷#–@)&@÷!÷!^

2= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -!% lbg]_ ! @)&!÷!@÷#–@)&@÷!@÷!(

3= ;xsf/L n]vfkfng tflnd ! @)&!÷!@÷#–@)&@÷!@÷!#

4= /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df tflnd -!) lbg]_

! @)&!÷!@÷@$–@)&@÷!÷^

5= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -!% lbg]_ ! @)&!÷!@÷@$–@)&@÷!÷!!

6= ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd ! @)&!÷!÷!$–@)&@÷!÷@#

7= pBdzLntf tyf ;xsf/L Joj;fo ljsf; tflnd

! @)&!÷@÷#–@)&@÷@÷@)

8= k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f -!% lbg]_ ! @)&!÷@÷#–@)&@÷@÷@) 9= Joj;flos g]t[Tj ljsf; ! @)&!÷@÷@@–@)&@÷#÷@ hDdf !@

188

kl/R5]b – !)

ljljw !)=! ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqnfodf sfo{/t kbflwsf/Lx?sf] gfd,kb,

6]lnkmf]g M

zfvf gfd kb df]jfO{n g+= sfof{nosf] g+=

>L ;'lzn sf]O/fnf df= dGqL 4200055

>L >Lw/ uf}td ;lrj 9851095200 4211860 ;xsf/L tyf Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf

>L ;x ;lrj

k|zf;g tyf hgzlQm ljsf; zfvf

>L ;fg'sfhL b];f/ pk ;lrj 9841458603 4211657 >L zfvf

clws[t

>L nIdL gf/fo0f a}B zfvf clws[t

9841395133 4211690

cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf

>L /fd axfb'/ s]=;L= pk ;lrj 9847037470 >L /fhg Gof}kfg] n]vf clws[t 9841434407

;xsf/L k|j${g zfvf

>L afa'/fd e';fn pk ;lrj 9841353683 4211906 >L zfvf

clws[t 4200420

>L cfGgb zdf{ e'iffn zfvf clws[t

9849180058

P]g, lgod k/fdz{ zfvf

>L /d]z k|;fb k'8f;}gL pk ;lrj -sfgg_

9841255010

>dfg ;lrjHosf] lghL ;lrjfno

>L k|e'gfy /fO{ zfvf clws[t

9841814436 4211860

of]hgf tyf ul/aL lgjf/)f dxfzfvf

>L ;'/]z k|wfg ;x ;lrj 9841399752 4211781

of]hgf tyf gLlt th{'df zfvf

>L afa'/fd e';fn pk ;lrj 9841353683 4211906 >L gf/fo0f sfsL{ zfvf

clws[t 9849763137 4200406

>L ;gt s'df/ Gof}kfg] zfvf clws[t

9841615480 4200406

ul/aL lgjf/)f zfvf

>L lah' s'df/ >]i7 pk ;lrj 9841223166 4211790 >L /f]zgL >]i7 zf=c 9841282680 4200080 >L u'0ff /fO{ zf=c 9841360521 4200080

cg'udg, dNof+sg tyf cg';Gwfg zfvf

>L rGb| axfb'/ 7s'/L 9841513115 4200060 >L w[tfs'df/L vqL 9848174459 4200060

189

!)=@ ;xsf/L ljefudf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] gfd,kb, 6]lnkmf]g÷df]afOn M

qm=;+= zfvf kb gfd df]jfO{n

1= /lhi6«f/ lji0f'xl/ kf}8]n 9849058181

2=

of]hgf tyf Aoj;fo k|j4{g zfvf

a=s[lif cy{lj1 lji0f' k|;fb l3ld/] (*$!%(@**!

3= zfvf clws[t ;'/]z/fh hf]zL (*$!%%%(&&

4= zfvf clws[t x'dnfn clwsf/L (*$!^(&#&#

5= sDKo'6/ clw[st /fhf/fd kg]? 9841288837

6=

gfoa ;'Aaf

;'dg kf]v/]n

9841377043

:^f]/ zfvf ;d]t

7= gfoa ;'Aaf k|sfz cfrfo{ 9841351094

8=

;xfos sDKo'6/ ck/]6/

rl08sf /3'a+zL (*$(@*$^%)

9=

sd{rf/L÷ k|zf;g zfvf

pk–/lhi6«f/ pk]Gb| jxfb'/ 9'+ufgf 9851148335

10= zfvf clws[t nLnf aNne rfkfufO{

9844612488 9742614090

11= gfoa ;'Aaf ;ld{nf tfdfË (*$$)$%!!&

12= vl/bf/ PljGb|f s]=;L=

btf{÷ rnfgL

13=

cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f zfvf

pk–/lhi6«f/ gf/fo0f k|;fb 1jnL 9841438346

14= zfvf clws[t gd/fh ;fksf]6f (*$!@$(*#$

15= zfvf clws[t k|]d s'df/ >]i7 9841361046

16= zfvf clws[t xl/ axfb'/ kf]v/]n (*$*!)%(&)

17=

;xfos sDKo'6/ ck/]6/

a;Gt clwsf/L

9841350622

18= gfoa ;'Aaf lbks s'df/ kf}8]n 9845269994 lk=P=

19=

n]vf -cf=k|=_ zfvf

n]vf clws[t lg/fhg sf]O{/fnf (*$#)$&!($

20= sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ n]vfgfy vltj8f 9851082119

21=

;+:yf ;+u7g zfvf

zfvf clws[t /3'j+z s8]n (*$(*!(((&

22=

sDKo'6/ ck/]6/

l8NnL axfb'/ v8\sf (*$$()%#@^

23= gfoa ;'Aaf lnnfgfy ld> 9843456150

24= sfg'g zfvf

sfg'g clws[t 6f]k axfb'/ lji6 9851138688

25= gfoa ;'Aaf bof/fd a:ofn 9851170990

190

26= 8«fO{e/ af;' vqL (*$!&@!#*%

27= 8«fO{e/ dbg/fh lu/L

(&$!)@&$%( (*$(&@%()^

28= sfof{no ;xof]uL /fd' kf7s (*)*)*%$&@

29= sfof{no ;xof]uL dgf]h vqL (*$(!#$(*!

30= sfof{no ;xof]uL ;'dg ;fx (*$!(^%()*

31= sfof{no ;xof]uL ejfgL ;+h]n (*!##^#!(&

32= :jLk/ lzj kf]8] (*$!$#@*@^

191

!)=# ;xsf/L ljefu, cGtut{sf sfof{nox?sf] kbflwsf/Lx?sf]] gfd, kb, 6]lnkmf]g / km\ofS; g+= sfof{no gfd kb sfof{no k|d'v lghL df]=g+= sf]8 sfof{nosf] kmf]g km\ofS; g+=

;xsf/L ljefu, gof+ afg]Zj/ /lhi «̂f/ s]bf/ Gof}kfg] 9851040327 01 4465362, 6202563, 4461177

4465517

s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L k|lzIf)f s]Gb| k|frfo{ u)f]z cof{n 9851079410 01 $$&)!)#, 4115678 4115621 ;= k|= tyf l*= sf= ;'g;/L k|frfo{ an/fd lg/f}nf 9841674882 025 560184 560184 ;= k|= tyf l*= sf= lrtjg k|frfo{ s]zj jxfb '/ yfkf 9851085334 056 521556 521556 ;= k|= tyf l*= sf= sf:sL k|frfo{, ab|L c lwsf/L 9856035829 061 463080 465829 ;= k|= tyf l*= sf= af+s] k|frfo{ k|sfz /fh kf}*]n 9848302362 081 550258 550281 ;= k|= tyf l*= sf= s}nfnL k|frfo{ v]d /fh lji^ 9848772290 091 521225 521225 l*=;=sf= O{nfd lg=;=c = ;'lgtf >]i& 027 520097 520097 l*=;=sf= emfkf ;=c = Dffwj k|;fb kf]v/]n 9852681221 023 455031 455117 l*=;=sf= df]/Ë ;=c = lbn;]/ /fO{ 021 472959 528950 l*=;=sf= wgs'̂ f lg=;=c uf]ljGb v* \sf 9852050787 026 520292 520292 l*=;=sf= pbok'/ ;=c = k')o k|;fb kf}*]n 9842828736 035 420141 420141 l*=;=sf= l;/fxf ;=c = /]vgfy bfxfn 9844653113 033 561933 560428 l*=;=sf= bf]nvf ;=c = e/t k|;fb (sfn 9841658484 049 421118 421118 l*=;=sf= wg'iff ;=c = /ljGb| ofbj 9854025201 041 520159 522001 l*=;=sf= ;nf{xL ;=c 046 520146 521533 l*=;=sf= /f}tx^ lg=;=c = dw';'bg pkfWofo 9845119474 055 520126 520677

192

9855041474 l*=;=sf= af/f ;=c = s'nf]Qd k|;fb kf]v/]n 9845039612 053 550019 550759 l*=;=sf= k;f{ ;=c = /fh' k|;fb ;fx 9852832224 051 522264 529423 l*=;=sf= dsjfgk'/ ;=c = eLd axfb'/ kl/of/ 9845382850 057 520514 520514 l*=;=sf= sfe|] ;=c = r]tgfy lu/L 9841357025 011 490157 490157 l*=;=sf= g'jfsf]̂ ;=c = z+s/ /fh kf&s 9841638144 010 560013 560013 l*=;=sf= wflb+u ;=c = s[i)f axfb'/ af]x/f 9847438842 010 520116 520116 l*=;=sf= sf&df*f}+ a=;=c = gf/fo)f k|= cof{n 9855063282 01 4780136 4780136

l*=;=sf= nlntk'/ a=;=c = /fdxl/ nfld%fg] 9841210666 9843523003 01 5548812 5548812

l*=;=sf= eQmk'/ ;=c = *]s /fh kf]v/]n 9851005670 01 6610342 6610342 l*=;=sf= tgx'+ ;=c = uf}td e)*f/L 9846068111 065 560097 560480 l*=;=sf= afUn'ª ;=c = lji)f ' k|;fb zdf{ 9847624621 068 520302 520302 l*=;=sf= :ofª \hf ;=c = s[i)f axfb'/ s'+j/ 9847027906 063 420220 420218 l*=;=sf= gjnk/f;L ;=c = jf;'b]j eå/fO{ 9841607344 078 520235 520235 l*=;=sf= ?kGb]xL ;=c = /df c frfo{ -;'j]bL_ 9841558010 071 520186 520186 l*=;=sf= kfNkf ;=c = g]q k|;fb l#ld/] 9842682942 075 520137 520137 l*=;=sf= slknj:t' ;=c = n]vgfy kf}*]n 9747034473 076 560086 560545 l*=;=sf= bfË ;=c = ljgf]b s'df/ kf}*]n 9845097559 082 560019 560019 l*=;=sf= jlb{of ;=c a'$ k|sfz kf}*]n 9857045160 084 420119 420004 l*=;=sf= ;'v]{t ;=c = b]jLk|;fb kf}*]n 9848140633 083 520217 520217

193

l*=;=sf= *f]̂ L ;=c = nIdL s'df/ lj=s= 9849226090 094 420103 420103 l*=;=sf= h'Dnf ;=c = gf/fo)f k|= rfkfufO{ 9841817554 087 520029 520117 l*=;=sf= sGrgk'/ ;=c = /fd axfb'/ vftL 9848462796 099 521239 521239 l*=;=sf= a}t*L lg=;=c = lj?/fd nf]xf/ 9848739765 095 520163 520024

!)=$ /fli6«o tyf s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3x?sf] gfd, 7]ufgf / kmf]g g+=

l;=g+= ;+3sf] gfd kbflwsf/L kmf]g ˆofS; g+=

1= /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, ljh'nLjhf/ . s]zj j*fn 4781510, 4781697

4781326

2= g]kfn art tyf C0f s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, gofF afg]Zj/ .

ldg/fh s+*]n 4781963, 6215980

3= g]kfn df}/Lkfng s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, e/tk'/, lrtjg u)f]z axfb '/ j:g]t

9844036446, 9855078407

4= s]Gb|Lo slkm ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, gof+ afg]Zj/ . uf]ljGb j/fsf]̂ L 4460382

5= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, lbks/fh kf}*]n 9851005925

6= s]Gb|Lo lrof ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, O{nfd uf]ljGb bfxfn 027521714

7= g]kfn ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, lqk'/]Zj/ lji)f 'x/L (sfn 4289121, 489123

194

8= s]Gb|Lo pv' pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, jlb{jf;, dxf]Q/L . /fdrGb| s 'zjfx 9744005450

9= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo hl8j'6L ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, j'4gu/, sf7df08f}+ .

eQmjxfb '/ zfx 9841593113

10= /fli6«o ;xsf/L j}+s ln=, s'k08f]n . /d]z kf]v/]n 5011782

11= s]Gb|Lo t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, sflndf6L . ljgf ]b k/fh 'nL 6217835

12= s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, gofF afg]Zj/ . dfwj sf]O{/fnf 4488724

13= g]kfn s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, :joDe' . /fh]Gb| kf)*] 4034598

14 g]kfn s[lif ;xsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+3 ln=, s'k08f]n . v]d axfb '/ kf&s

5010758, 5010759

15= g]kfn ljB't s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, xg'dfgyfg, cgfdgu/ .

wd{/fh kf}*]n 4242993

16= h'gf/ s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, lbks sf]O{/fnf 9741047263

17= g]kfn ax'p2]ZoLo s]lGb|o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;'/]Gb| e)*f/L 9851054918

18= s]lGb|o aLpljhg pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= w|'a/fh kf)*] 9841707833

19= g]kfn s]lGb|o dT:o ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= ;/f]h zdf{ 9851107828

;dfKt

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kl/R5]b ! kl/ro !=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; Pratibedan 070-71... · 2019-12-24 · 1 kl/R5]b ! kl/ro !=! cjwf/0ff tyf ljsf; ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+o'Qm :jfldTj tyf nf]stflGqs ¿kdf cfkm\gf ;femf