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译林牛津版 Book1

Unit 1 School life

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The Attributive Clause定语从句

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Harry Potter

a boy with glasses

a boy who is brave and wearing glasses

a brave boy

attribute

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boy

The boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.

The boy who is tall is Tom.

The boy who is strong is Tom

The boy who is clever is Tom

The boy who is naughty is Tom.

the handsomethe tallthe strongthe cleverthe naughty

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apple

the redthe greenthe smallthe big

The apple which is red is mine.

The apple which is green is yours.

The apple which is red is small

The apple which is green is big.

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In the attributive clauses, the relative words usually function as subject, object, predicative, attribute, and adverbial.

Relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom

whose

Relative adverbs: when, where, why

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Antecedent

Subject

ObjectPossess

iveNote

persons

who/that

whom/who/that

whoseA relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as the object in an attributive clause

thingswhich/that

what/that

whose/of which

Relative pronouns used in attributive clauses

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The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.

The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.

The boy who is smiling is Tom. ( 主语 )

The boy who has a round face is Tom.

The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.

The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.

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The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.

The woman who can speak Russian got the job.

The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.

The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.

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The man is kind. Everyone likes him.

The man (who) everyone likes is kind. ( 宾语 )

The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.

The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.

The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.

The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.

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The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him.

The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.

This is the boy. I sit behind him.This is the boy (whom) I sit behind.

Do you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.

Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?

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Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.

Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.

Can you lend me the book (which) you talked about last night.

Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.

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He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French.

He is the teacher who can speak French.

Do you know the man? He came to visit you today.

Do you know the man who came to visit you today?

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The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.

The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot.

Do you know the man? You will visit him today.

Do you know the man whom you will visit today?

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I sat next to a girl. Her name was Diane.I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.He lives in the house.The windows of the house face south.He lives in the house whose windows face south.I met him in the street.His glasses were very beautiful.I met him whose glasses were very beautiful in the street.

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Go through the five points on P10

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“That” is usually used in the following situations.

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关系代词 : 1. who 指人 , 作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.

A person who steals things is called a thief.

2. whom 指人 , 作宾语 ( 作宾语可省略 ) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.

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3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略 )

These are the trees which were planted last year.

This recorder （ which ） he is using ismade in Japan.

Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?

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that 指人 / 物，作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.

He is the man (that) I told you about.

4. that 指人 / 物，作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.

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that 和 which 在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 , 但在下列情况下 , 一般用 that 而不用 which 。

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

This is the first book (that) he has read.

This is the very book that belongs to him.

(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。

(2) 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等 修饰时。

(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。

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The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous who in the world. whom that

(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.

The dress that she is wearing is new. which Ø

(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.

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(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.

(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.

He is the kind person that I have ever worked with. who whom Ø

This is the best film that I have ever seen. ØPractise the dialogue on p11 and fill in the relative pronouns

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先行词 人 物主 语

宾 语

所有格

注 释

Who/that Which /that

Whom/who

/that Which/that

whose Whose/of which

A relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as the object in attributive clause.

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That / which 指物，作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略 )

Space craft is a vehicle (that/ which can travel in space).

The space craft (that/ which you see on TV) is made in China

who/that 指人 ,作主语或宾语 ( 作宾语可省略）

An astronaut is a person (who/that works and travels in space).

The astronaut (who/that Harry porter met in space) is Yang Liwei .

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whom 指人 ,作宾语 ( 可省略） , 比 who 作宾语更正式

The astronaut (whom Harry porter met in space) is Yang Liwei .

whose 指人或物 ,作定语 ( 不可省略 )

He is the character of the book. His name is Harry Potter.

He is the character of the book (whose name is Harry Potter).

I have read the book (whose character I like very much).

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1. Talk about the antecedents, relative pronouns and relative adverbs.

2. More examples about relative pronouns.

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1.The girl __________is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter.is her daughter.2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with 2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is her daughter.is her daughter.3. The girl________ mother is from Britain can speak 3. The girl________ mother is from Britain can speak EnglishEnglish very well.very well.4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from 4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library.the library.5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.6. Have you read the book _________author 6. Have you read the book _________author is a high school student?is a high school student?7. I used to study in a classroom ____________windows 7. I used to study in a classroom ____________windows were all broken. were all broken.

who/that

(whom/who/that)(whom/who/that)

whosewhose

which/thatwhich/that

((that/which)that/which)

whosewhose

whosewhose

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Keys expressionsget interested in graduate frombe able to do sth. on/upon doingdevelop an interestdonate sth. to sb.thank sb. for sth.guest speakers make a speech

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1. The man ______ talked to you just now is an engineer.. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 2. The doctor _____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. the nurse is talking to C. whom the nurse is talking D. who the nurse is talking3. Here is the bicycle _______ in the shop. A. that you saw it B. that saw it C. you saw D. you aw it4. I ______your friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. that is C. who am D. who are5. She lives in a house _______ windows face south. A. whose B. which C. that D. who

A

B

C

C

A

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6. This is the student ______ father is a pilot. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that7. Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn8. This is the only thing ________ I can do now. A. who B. which C. that D. all9. I have read all the magazines ______ you gave me. A. which B. that C. who D. whose10. The scientist told us it was the smallest living thing ________ could be seen under a microscope. A. that B. which C. / D. who

C

B

C

B

A

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Read the article on P. 9 and underline the attributive clauses in it.

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