kuliah 6 falsafah agama

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falsafah agamafalsafah agama

The Philosophy of Religion is thephilosophical study of:

religious beliefs, religious doctrines,

religious arguments,

religious history.



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Beza dengan ilmu agamaBeza dengan ilmu agama

theology tends to be apologetical innature,

committed to the defense of particular religious position,

sedangkan

Philosophy of Religion

investigates of religion itself, ratherthan the truth of any particularreligion.



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While theology relies upon religiousscriptures (like the Bible or the

Quran) as authoritative,tho

setex

tsare simply objects of study in the

philosophy of religion.

Authorities in this field are reason,

logic and research,



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Tujuan utamaTujuan utama

the central aim of the Philosophy of Religion is to scrutinize religiousclaims :

1. Does God exist?2. Is religious belief reasonable?

3. What is the nature of religiousexperiences?

4. What is the value of faith?5. Why does Evil exist?



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asas perbahasan falsafahasas perbahasan falsafahagamaagama

Epistemology because it evaluatesreligious truth claims,

on Metaphysics because itinvestigates the fundamental natureof various aspects of reality,

on Ethics because religion plays animportant role in moral claims andmoral decision making.



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persoalan utamapersoalan utama

1. Does God exist?

2. Is religious belief reasonable?

3. What is the nature of religiousexperiences?

4. What is the value of faith?

5. Why does Evil exist?



77

Makna tuhanMakna tuhan

Sesuatu yg disembah dan kawal makhluk

Bentuk/patung yg disembah

Sesuatu yg diberi perhatian keterlaluan Pencipta alam, kekal, berkuasa,

mengawal alam



88

What is Religion?What is Religion?

A system of human beliefs, ideals and

practices

Sesuatu institusi yang dipercayai Sikap dan perasaan seseorang terhadap

satu kuasa ghaib



99

Makna agamaMakna agama

Latin word religare, which means "to tie,

to bind."

Cicero connected the term with relegere,which means "to read over again"

(perhaps to emphasize the ritualistic

nature of religions?).



1010

Some scholars, however, argue

that religion doesn't exist -

according to them, there is reallyonly culture.



1111

beza agama dan kepercayaanbeza agama dan kepercayaan

Religion is certainly a type of belief system,

but

not all belief systems are religion. Differentiating religious from non-religious

belief systems is sometimes easy, but other

times rather difficult. Theism (percaya kpd adanya Tuhan)

berbeza dgn agama



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Agama dan budaya Agama dan budaya

Religion is solely the creation of the

scholar's study. It is created for the

scholar's analytic purposes by his

imaginative acts of comparison and

generalization. Religion has no existence

apart from the academy.



1313

Falsafah agama di baratFalsafah agama di barat

Early sociologists, anthropologists and

philosophers had been studying religion,

no one had directly proposed making a

science of such studies.

Friedrich Max Müller - a German scholar

who, in 1870, proposed a radical idea:

developing a "science of religion."



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E.B. Tylor and James Frazer are two of

the earliest researchers who tried to

develop theories of the nature of religion,

They defined religion as essentially being

the belief in spiritual beings - religion

according to them is thus systematized

animism.



1515

According to Tylor and Frazer, religion

and animism are purely intellectual

moves .

Although it is helpful to reveal the

intellectual component of religion as an

attempt to explain things, it is clear that

religion involves much more.



1616

Sigmund Freud, religion is a form of mass

neurosis (mild mental disorder) and exists

only as a response to deep emotional

conflicts and weaknesses.

Freud argued that it should be possible to

eliminate the illusions of religion by

alleviating that distress.



1717

Emile Durkheim is almost singularly

responsible for the development of

sociology as an academic discipline,

(importance of society - social structures,

social relationships, and social institutions)

- in understanding human nature.



1818

Durkheim wrote that "...religion is aunified system of beliefs and practicesrelative to sacred things, that is to say,

things set apart and forbidden." Religious beliefs are thus symbolic

expressions of social realities

Durkheim is responsible for helping usunderstand that religion serves animportant social function



1919

MarxMarx

According to Marx, religion is one of

those social institutions which are

dependent upon the material and

economic realities in a given society.

For Marx, all social institutions are

dependent upon economics in the end.



2020

Marx's opinion of religion is simple: it is an

illusion whose chief purpose is to provide

reasons and excuses to keep society

functioning just as it is.



2121

Religion vs. SuperstitionIs there a real connection between religionand superstition? Some, particular

adherents of various religious faiths, willoften argue that the two are fundamentallydifferent types of beliefs. Those who standoutside of religion, however, will notice

some very important and fundamentalsimilarities which bear closer consideration.



2222

Religion vs. The Paranormal

Is there a connection between religion and

belief in the paranormal?

Religion vs. Theism

Are religion and theism effectively the

same thing, such that every religion is

theistic and every theist is also religious?



2323

Religion vs. Religious

one as a noun and the other as an

adjective. But perhaps that isn't always

true - perhaps the adjective religious has

a broader usage than the noun religion.



2424

Agama dan falsafah Agama dan falsafah

Is religion just a type of philosophy? Isphilosophy a religious activity?

There seems to be some confusion attimes over just whether and how religionand philosophy should be distinguishedfrom each other

this confusion is not unjustified becausethere are some very strong similaritiesbetween the two.



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Agama dan spiritual Agama dan spiritual

Religion, on the one hand, is supposed to

descri

be the social, the p

ublic, an

dtheorganized means by which people

relate the the sacred and the divine

Spirituality is to describe such relations

when they occur in private, personally,

and even in eclectic ways



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What is Animism?

Animism is the belief that everything in

nature has its own spirit or divinity.

What is Paganism?

Paganism might be

pantheistic(god=material) or polytheistic,

but is distinctive in that it relates to Godprimarily through nature.



2727

What is Shamanism?

Shamanism is an animistic religion of

certain peoples of northern Asia in which

mediation between the visible and spirit

worlds is effected by shamans."



2828

Pandangan islamPandangan islam

1. Does God exist?2. Is religious belief reasonable?3. Why?

1. Fikiran terhad: pencipta2. Perkara ghaib3. Hari pembalasan4. Peraturan dan undang25. Perkara yg tlh dan akan berlaku

4. What is the value of faith?5. Why does Evil exist?



2929

The Problem of EvilThe Problem of Evil

Evil exists, in the form of

undeserved suffering,

perpetrated by man and nature,

unchallenged victimization of weak by strong,

pestilence,

war,

famine,

and other horrors.



3030

So, either God is limited in power,

goodness, or knowledge, or he does not

exist at all; that is, either he is incapable or

unwilling to remove evil, or he is unaware

of its existence or of solutions to it.

God would have no reason for permitting

evil



PENGERTIAN KEJAHATANPENGERTIAN KEJAHATAN

BUKANLAH SESUATU YANG POSITIF DIMANA KEBAIKAN ITU TELAH HILANG.

KEKURANGAN NILAI BAIK DALAM

SESUATU BENDA.

MENIMBULKAN MASALAH KEPADAMANUSIA DAN MAKHLUK LAIN.

YANG BERTENTANGAN DENGANTUHAN YANG MAHA PEMURAH DANMAHA BERKUASA.



PERSOALAN DI DALAMPERSOALAN DI DALAM

KEJAHATANKEJAHATAN

KEJAHATAN MORAL

± ASPEK BETUL DAN SALAH.

± BERKAITAN DENGAN TINGKAH LAKU MANUSIA

YANG TERTENTU. ± MANUSIA TIDAK BEBAS MELAKUKAN PERKARA

YANG DISUKAI.

KEJAHATAN FIZIKAL

± BENCANA2 ALAM.

± DIKENALI BENCANA SEMULAJADI.



SAMBUNGAN«.SAMBUNGAN«.

KEJAHATAN PSIKOLOGIKAL

± KESAKITAN, KESEDIHAN YANG MELANDA

DIRI SESEORANG.





KESIMPULANKESIMPULAN

KEJAHATAN MEMANG WUJUD

WALAUPUN TUHAN JUGA WUJUD.

AGAMA KRISTIAN MENYATAKANTUHAN TIDAK WUJUD KERANA

KEJAHATAN WUJUD.

AGAMA ISLAM MENYATAKAN TUHAN

MEMANG WUJUD WALAUPUN

KEJAHATAN BERLAKU.

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kuliah 6 falsafah agama