Pengantar Bioteknologi Pengantar Bioteknologi PertanianPertanian

Dr. Donny WidiantoDr. Donny Widianto

Dr. Irfan D. PrijambadaDr. Irfan D. Prijambada

Dr. Jaka WidadaDr. Jaka Widada

Rencana PerkuliahanRencana PerkuliahanNo. Topik Kuliah Tanggal Dosen

1. Pendahuluan- Definisi Bioteknologi- Sejarah Perkembangan

Biotek- Peranan Bioteknologi

07-07-2005

Dr.Ir. Donny Widianto

2. DNA sebagai bahan genetik- Sejarah penemuan DNA- Struktur DNA- Replikasi, transkripsi, dan

translasi

11-07-2005

Dr. Donny Widianto

3. Struktur gen dan ekspresinya- Gen pada sel prokariot- Gen pada sel eukariot

14-07-2005

Dr.Ir. Donny Widianto

4. Dasar-dasar kloning gen-Definisi kloning gen-Enzym restriksi, vector, dan inang-Isolasi, pemotongan, dan penyambungan DNA-Transformasi dan seleksi

18-07-2005 Dr.Ir. Donny Widianto

5. Metode Perakitan Mikroba Rekombinan

21-07-2005 Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada

6. Perbanyakan Mikroba Rekombinan-Fermentasi substrat cait-Fermentasi substrat padat

25-07-2005 Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada

7. Ujian Sisipan 28-07-2005

8. Perbanyakan tanaman secara in-vitro-Definisi-Bahan perbanyakan-Teknik perbanyakan-Variasi somaklonal-Fusi protoplas dan hibridisasi somatic

01-08-2005 Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada

9. Metode perakitan tanaman transgenik

04-08-2005

Dr. Irfan D. Prijambada

10. Bioteknologi Perlindungan Tanaman

08-08-2005

Dr. Jaka Widada

11. Bioteknologi Pemuliaan Tanaman

11-08-2005

Dr. Jaka Widada

12. Bioteknologi Lingkungan 15-08-2005

Dr. Jaka Widada

13. Keamanan, Pengaturan, dan HaKI organisme terekayasa secara genetik

18-08-2005

Dr. Jaka Widada

14. Ujian Akhir Jadual fakultas

Pustaka AcuanPustaka Acuan Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1994. Molecular Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1994. Molecular

Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.

Watson, J.D., M. Gilman, J. Witkowski, and M. Zoller. 1992. Watson, J.D., M. Gilman, J. Witkowski, and M. Zoller. 1992. Recombinant DNA. Scientific American Books, New York, Recombinant DNA. Scientific American Books, New York, USA.USA.

Mantell, S.H., J.A. Matthews, and R.A. McKee. 1985. Mantell, S.H., J.A. Matthews, and R.A. McKee. 1985. Principles of Plant Biotechnology: an introduction to genetic Principles of Plant Biotechnology: an introduction to genetic engineering in plants. Blackwell Scientific Publications, engineering in plants. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.Oxford, UK.

Brown, C.M., I. Campbell, and F.G. Friest. 1987. Introduction Brown, C.M., I. Campbell, and F.G. Friest. 1987. Introduction to Biotechnology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, to Biotechnology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.UK.

Smith, J.E. 1985. Biotechnology Principles. Van Nostrand Smith, J.E. 1985. Biotechnology Principles. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co Ltd., Berkshire, UK.Reinhold Co Ltd., Berkshire, UK.

Drlica, K. 1984. Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning. John Drlica, K. 1984. Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USAWiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA. .

The Latest Biotech News

Monsanto halts GM wheat (May 10, 2004)

• Responding to lack of market support, Monsanto halts their Roundup Ready wheat program• Will wait until sentiment changes

EU Approves New Biotech Corn Product (May 19, 2004)

• Syngenta allowed to market products containing Bt-11 insect resistant corn• First new biotech product approved in EU in five years• But company decides not to market the product because of user concerns

What is biotechnology?What is biotechnology?

Any commercial use or alteration of Any commercial use or alteration of organisms, cells and biological molecules to organisms, cells and biological molecules to achieve specific, practical goals.achieve specific, practical goals.

Examples (in long use)Examples (in long use) Selective breedingSelective breeding Use of yeast to make wineUse of yeast to make wine

Current techniquesCurrent techniques Genetic engineering: modification of genetic material Genetic engineering: modification of genetic material

to achieve specific goalsto achieve specific goals

What is Biotechnology?

How about some definitions

General Definition

The application of technology to improve a biological organism

Detailed Definition

The application of the technology to modify the biological function of an organism by adding genes from another organisms

BIOTEKNOLOGIBIOTEKNOLOGI

Penggunaan mahluk hidup atau Penggunaan mahluk hidup atau bagian-bagiannya untuk bagian-bagiannya untuk

menghasilkan barang atau jasa menghasilkan barang atau jasa secara industrisecara industri

MikrobiologiBiokimiaBiologi Molekular

Biologi SelGenetika Molekular Rekayasa Proses

Bioteknologi

Diagnosa Kesehatan

Industri Farmasi

Industri Fermentasi

Industri Pangan dan Pakan

Industri Kimia

Lingkungan dan Energi

Goals of BiotechnologyGoals of Biotechnology

To understand more about the processes of To understand more about the processes of inheritance and gene expressioninheritance and gene expression

To provide better understanding & treatment To provide better understanding & treatment of various diseases, particularly genetic of various diseases, particularly genetic disordersdisorders

To generate economic benefits, including To generate economic benefits, including improved plants and animals for agriculture improved plants and animals for agriculture and efficient production of valuable and efficient production of valuable biological moleculesbiological molecules Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice Example: Vitamin A fortified engineered rice

(Chapter-opening case study)(Chapter-opening case study)

Sejarah PerkembanganSejarah Perkembangan

1750: B.C. Sumerians Brew Beer1750: B.C. Sumerians Brew Beer 1944: DNA confirmed as genetic material1944: DNA confirmed as genetic material 1967: First protein synthesized by automation1967: First protein synthesized by automation 1973: First recombinant DNA experiment by Cohen and Boyer1973: First recombinant DNA experiment by Cohen and Boyer 1973: Voluntary moratorium on certain cloning experiments1973: Voluntary moratorium on certain cloning experiments 1974: Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee founded at NIH1974: Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee founded at NIH 1976: NIH Guidelines established1976: NIH Guidelines established 1980: Boyer Cohen patent issued (shared equally between 1980: Boyer Cohen patent issued (shared equally between

Boyer, UCSF, Cohen, and Stanford)Boyer, UCSF, Cohen, and Stanford) 1982: 11982: 1stst animal vaccine made by DNA recombinant technology animal vaccine made by DNA recombinant technology 1985: DNA Finger printing by Alec Jeffreys1985: DNA Finger printing by Alec Jeffreys

1987: First authorized field test of a GMO-Frostban, Adv. 1987: First authorized field test of a GMO-Frostban, Adv. Genetic SciencesGenetic Sciences

1988: PCR developed by K. Mullis1988: PCR developed by K. Mullis 1990: 1st Gene Therapy Trials in U.S.1990: 1st Gene Therapy Trials in U.S. 1994: Flavr Savr Tamato- Calgene1994: Flavr Savr Tamato- Calgene 1995: 1st DNA sequences of free-living organism completed1995: 1st DNA sequences of free-living organism completed 1996: Human Genome Project under way1996: Human Genome Project under way 1997:Dolly-First cloned mammal1997:Dolly-First cloned mammal 2000: Human Genome sequence is complete 3 billion bases, 2000: Human Genome sequence is complete 3 billion bases,

2 yrs ahead of schedule2 yrs ahead of schedule 2001: Copy Cat, Cloning pets for profit.2001: Copy Cat, Cloning pets for profit. 2002: First Human Clone?2002: First Human Clone? 2003: Dolly is put down, Final version of Human DNA 2003: Dolly is put down, Final version of Human DNA

Sequence published.Sequence published.

Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur:Jaman sebelum Louis Pasteur:

Minuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasiMinuman beralkohol, makanan fermentasi Jaman Louis Pasteur:Jaman Louis Pasteur:

Alkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbahAlkohol, asam organik, pengolahan limbah Jaman antibiotika:Jaman antibiotika:

Antibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obatAntibiotika, vaksin, transformasi obat Jaman pasca antibiotika:Jaman pasca antibiotika:

Asam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasiAsam amino, protein sel tunggal, imobilisasi Jaman bioteknologi modern:Jaman bioteknologi modern:

Antibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetikaAntibodi monoklonal, rekayasa genetika