语言教学与研究

2019年第3期

(总第197期)

主 编

施春宏

编辑部主任

李先银

编 辑

高晓虹 王正刚

特约编辑

郝美玲 陈 默

英文审订

张 旭

目 录

语言学前沿专栏

论乾嘉学术的科学突破 冯胜利 1helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

人类信息处理能力限度对语言结构的基本制约

陆丙甫 应学凤 14helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

句法制图研究的新视野 司富珍 25helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

词汇层次的句末助词 邓思颖 38helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华 46helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配 陈 忠 59helliphelliphelliphellip

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例 杨 旭 67helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨 刘 瑜 77helliphelliphellip

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐彩华 AdrianMaries 90helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松 103helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

简讯 24helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

LANGUAGETEACHINGand

LINGUISTICSTUDIESNo3 May 2019(SerialNo197)

CONTENTSOnthebreakthroughofthescientificthoughtsinQian-JiaLearning

FengShengli 1

Thebasicrestrictionofhumaninformationprocessingcapabilityon

languagestructure LuBingfuandYingXuefeng 14

Newhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudies SiFuzhen 25

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayer Sze-WingTang 38

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccount

LuShuoandPanHaihua 46

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeige withnounsand

measurewords ChenZhong 59

Fromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinword

classesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasa

Noun YangXu 67

CausesofdisfluencyinChineseL2speech LiuYu 77

A studyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chinese

learners1049011phoneticslearning XuCaihuaandAdrianMaries 90

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinese

nasalcodas CaoChongandZhangJinsong 103

论乾嘉学术的科学突破

冯 胜 利

提要 中国学术有无自己发展的科学思想和理性思维这是中国思想史上一大疑案西方

学者一般都持否定观点本文提出乾嘉文献语言研究中的ldquo理必rdquo之学或可回答这一学界向

未认证的历史问题文章从乾嘉考据学的成果上(以戴震段玉裁王念孙的学术贡献为主)揭

示其ldquo理必rdquo思想并指出从乾嘉学者的文献语言研究中可以发掘出其ldquo理性发明rdquo的学术理路

和实践这种学术理路经全盘西化的五四文化运动之涤荡而几近销声匿迹故而黄侃发出的

ldquo今发现之学兴发明之学替rdquo的学术范式转型之慨叹对今天来说更具特别之意义关键词 乾嘉学术科学突破理性思维科学与技术

OnthebreakthroughofthescientificthoughtsinQian-JiaLearningFengShengli

Abstract TherehasbeenadisputedcaseinChineseintellectualhistoryoverthefactwhetherancientChinesescholarshavedevelopedthescientificthoughtsandrationalismontheirownForthiswesternscholarshavetakenanegativeviewItisproposedinthispa-perhoweverthattheLogicCertaintyproposedbyQian-JiascholarsintheirstudyofTex-turalCriticismcanprovideapositiveanswerforthisquestionWefirstreviewtheachieve-mentsinthetextologymadebyDaiZhenDuanYucaiandWangNiansunandrevealthera-tionalreasoningbeneathalltheachievementsWethenpointoutthatthesescholarsdidholdthethoughtofRationalReasoningandputitintopracticeintheirstudiesoftextualcriticismHoweversuchathoughtwasaffectedbytheMayFourthMovementandtheNewCultureMovementandalmostdisappearedThereforeHuangKanafamousscholarofChinesephi-lologyonceremarkedwithpitythattheacademiainChinaexperiencedashiftfromempha-sizinglogicdeductiontoemphasizinginductionoffactsItisbelievedthatarevisitofthesci-entificthoughtsofQian-Jiascholarswillbesignificantfortheacademiaofthepresenttime

Keywords Qian-JiaLearningscientificbreakthroughrationalismscienceandtech-nology

(冯胜利 100083 北京语言大学)

1

人类信息处理能力限度对语言结构的基本制约

陆丙甫 应学凤

提要 本文讨论心理学中两个重要数目ldquo短时记忆限度七左右rdquo和ldquo工作记忆限度四左

右rdquo强调其本质不仅仅是记忆的限度而是人类信息处理能力的一般限度包括次范畴分类的

限度然后讨论了这两个限度的关系以及这两个限度所决定的人类语言句法结构的两个基

本共性人类语言句法结构的直接成分不会超过七个左右其中决定结构模式的ldquo模式成分rdquo不

会超过四个关键词 人类信息处理短时记忆工作记忆次范畴分类语言结构数量共性

ThebasicrestrictionofhumaninformationprocessingcapabilityonlanguagestructureLuBingfuandYingXuefeng

Abstract Thisarticlediscussestwoimportantnumbersinpsychologythespanofshort-termmemory(7plusmn2)andthespanofworkingmemory(4plusmn)Itpointsoutthattheiressenceisnotonlythelimitofmemorybutaswellthegenerallimitofhumaninformationprocessingabilityespeciallyincludingthelimitonclassificationofsub-categorizationThearticlethendiscussestherelationshipbetweenthetwolimitsofmemoryspansandthetwobasicuniversalsbasedonthetwolimitsfirstthenumberofcomponentscontainedinasyn-tacticconstructioncannotexceed7(plusmn2)secondthenumberofpattern-settingcomponentscontainedinasyntacticstructuralpatterncannotexceed4

Keywords humaninformationprocessingshort-term memoryworking memory

classificationofsub-categoriesquantitativeuniversalsoflanguagestructure

(陆丙甫 应学凤 330029 浙江外国语学院)

2

句法制图研究的新视野

司 富 珍

提要 本文着重梳理句法制图理论的核心理念与一般原则和方法并在此基础上提出一

种扩展版全景式句法制图研究思路认为句法制图理论可以在三个维度上为句法研究提供新

的视野第一在句子短语结构层面句法制图的研究焦点理论上可以涵盖包括左缘结构和核

心结构区域在内的所有层级第二在复杂词层面句法制图理论关于功能中心语层级的思想

也可以得到扩展应用第三在超越句子左缘结构的语用层面句法制图更是有着许多大有可

为的空白地带有待填补关键词 句法制图局部简约性左缘结构复杂词超越左缘结构

NewhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudiesSiFuzhen

Abstract FollowingacloseexaminationofthemajorparadigmoftheSyntacticCartog-raphicApproachincludingitsessentialsandworkingprinciplesthispaperproposesapano-ramicvisionforcartographicstudiesandinstantiatesanabstracttoolwhichismetaphorical-lynamedldquomentalmagnifierrdquoThetoolenablesanalternativefunctionofldquozoom-inrdquoandldquozoom-outrdquowhichaimforobservationofldquolocalsimplicityrdquoandldquomacro-simplicityrdquorespec-tivelyFurtherexemplificationprovesthetoolandthecorrespondingmethodologiestobein-sightfulincartographicstudiesatthreelevelsnamelythewordstructurelevelthesenten-tiallevelandthepragmaticlevelbeyondleftperiphery

Keywords syntacticcartographylocalsimplicityleftperipherycomplexwordsbe-yondleft-periphery

(司富珍 100083 北京语言大学语言学系)

3

词汇层次的句末助词

邓 思 颖

提要 通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词本文论证普通话的ldquo法rdquo应分析为事件类句末

助词位处词汇层次因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词在制图理论的框架下本文

认为词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词也就是事件类句末助词通过本文的讨论我们可窥探

汉语句法结构的复杂性并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质关键词 句末助词词汇层次制图理论框式结构

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayerSze-WingTang

Abstract Byexaminingthedistributionofsentence-finalparticlesinMandarinandCan-toneseitisarguedinthispaperthatfa(法)inMandarinshouldbeanalyzedasaneventtypesentence-finalparticleinthelexicallayerandhenceboth MandarinandCantoneseshouldhavetheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesexhibitingthesamehierarchyofthesen-tence-finalparticlesintheclausalstructureUnderthecartographicapproachitisproposedthatinadditiontothecomplementizerlayerandtheinflectionallayerthereshouldbefunc-tionalcategoriesintherightperipheryofthelexicallayerietheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesinhumanlanguagesIftheanalysispresentedinthispaperisontherighttrack

wemayhavedeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofthesyntacticstructureinChineseandfurtherexploretheinterestingsyntacticpropertiesoftheclausalperiphery

Keywords sentence-finalparticlelexicallayercartographydiscontinuousconstruc-tion

(邓思颖 香港中文大学中国语言及文学系)

4

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

LANGUAGETEACHINGand

LINGUISTICSTUDIESNo3 May 2019(SerialNo197)

CONTENTSOnthebreakthroughofthescientificthoughtsinQian-JiaLearning

FengShengli 1

Thebasicrestrictionofhumaninformationprocessingcapabilityon

languagestructure LuBingfuandYingXuefeng 14

Newhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudies SiFuzhen 25

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayer Sze-WingTang 38

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccount

LuShuoandPanHaihua 46

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeige withnounsand

measurewords ChenZhong 59

Fromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinword

classesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasa

Noun YangXu 67

CausesofdisfluencyinChineseL2speech LiuYu 77

A studyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chinese

learners1049011phoneticslearning XuCaihuaandAdrianMaries 90

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinese

nasalcodas CaoChongandZhangJinsong 103

论乾嘉学术的科学突破

冯 胜 利

提要 中国学术有无自己发展的科学思想和理性思维这是中国思想史上一大疑案西方

学者一般都持否定观点本文提出乾嘉文献语言研究中的ldquo理必rdquo之学或可回答这一学界向

未认证的历史问题文章从乾嘉考据学的成果上(以戴震段玉裁王念孙的学术贡献为主)揭

示其ldquo理必rdquo思想并指出从乾嘉学者的文献语言研究中可以发掘出其ldquo理性发明rdquo的学术理路

和实践这种学术理路经全盘西化的五四文化运动之涤荡而几近销声匿迹故而黄侃发出的

ldquo今发现之学兴发明之学替rdquo的学术范式转型之慨叹对今天来说更具特别之意义关键词 乾嘉学术科学突破理性思维科学与技术

OnthebreakthroughofthescientificthoughtsinQian-JiaLearningFengShengli

Abstract TherehasbeenadisputedcaseinChineseintellectualhistoryoverthefactwhetherancientChinesescholarshavedevelopedthescientificthoughtsandrationalismontheirownForthiswesternscholarshavetakenanegativeviewItisproposedinthispa-perhoweverthattheLogicCertaintyproposedbyQian-JiascholarsintheirstudyofTex-turalCriticismcanprovideapositiveanswerforthisquestionWefirstreviewtheachieve-mentsinthetextologymadebyDaiZhenDuanYucaiandWangNiansunandrevealthera-tionalreasoningbeneathalltheachievementsWethenpointoutthatthesescholarsdidholdthethoughtofRationalReasoningandputitintopracticeintheirstudiesoftextualcriticismHoweversuchathoughtwasaffectedbytheMayFourthMovementandtheNewCultureMovementandalmostdisappearedThereforeHuangKanafamousscholarofChinesephi-lologyonceremarkedwithpitythattheacademiainChinaexperiencedashiftfromempha-sizinglogicdeductiontoemphasizinginductionoffactsItisbelievedthatarevisitofthesci-entificthoughtsofQian-Jiascholarswillbesignificantfortheacademiaofthepresenttime

Keywords Qian-JiaLearningscientificbreakthroughrationalismscienceandtech-nology

(冯胜利 100083 北京语言大学)

1

人类信息处理能力限度对语言结构的基本制约

陆丙甫 应学凤

提要 本文讨论心理学中两个重要数目ldquo短时记忆限度七左右rdquo和ldquo工作记忆限度四左

右rdquo强调其本质不仅仅是记忆的限度而是人类信息处理能力的一般限度包括次范畴分类的

限度然后讨论了这两个限度的关系以及这两个限度所决定的人类语言句法结构的两个基

本共性人类语言句法结构的直接成分不会超过七个左右其中决定结构模式的ldquo模式成分rdquo不

会超过四个关键词 人类信息处理短时记忆工作记忆次范畴分类语言结构数量共性

ThebasicrestrictionofhumaninformationprocessingcapabilityonlanguagestructureLuBingfuandYingXuefeng

Abstract Thisarticlediscussestwoimportantnumbersinpsychologythespanofshort-termmemory(7plusmn2)andthespanofworkingmemory(4plusmn)Itpointsoutthattheiressenceisnotonlythelimitofmemorybutaswellthegenerallimitofhumaninformationprocessingabilityespeciallyincludingthelimitonclassificationofsub-categorizationThearticlethendiscussestherelationshipbetweenthetwolimitsofmemoryspansandthetwobasicuniversalsbasedonthetwolimitsfirstthenumberofcomponentscontainedinasyn-tacticconstructioncannotexceed7(plusmn2)secondthenumberofpattern-settingcomponentscontainedinasyntacticstructuralpatterncannotexceed4

Keywords humaninformationprocessingshort-term memoryworking memory

classificationofsub-categoriesquantitativeuniversalsoflanguagestructure

(陆丙甫 应学凤 330029 浙江外国语学院)

2

句法制图研究的新视野

司 富 珍

提要 本文着重梳理句法制图理论的核心理念与一般原则和方法并在此基础上提出一

种扩展版全景式句法制图研究思路认为句法制图理论可以在三个维度上为句法研究提供新

的视野第一在句子短语结构层面句法制图的研究焦点理论上可以涵盖包括左缘结构和核

心结构区域在内的所有层级第二在复杂词层面句法制图理论关于功能中心语层级的思想

也可以得到扩展应用第三在超越句子左缘结构的语用层面句法制图更是有着许多大有可

为的空白地带有待填补关键词 句法制图局部简约性左缘结构复杂词超越左缘结构

NewhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudiesSiFuzhen

Abstract FollowingacloseexaminationofthemajorparadigmoftheSyntacticCartog-raphicApproachincludingitsessentialsandworkingprinciplesthispaperproposesapano-ramicvisionforcartographicstudiesandinstantiatesanabstracttoolwhichismetaphorical-lynamedldquomentalmagnifierrdquoThetoolenablesanalternativefunctionofldquozoom-inrdquoandldquozoom-outrdquowhichaimforobservationofldquolocalsimplicityrdquoandldquomacro-simplicityrdquorespec-tivelyFurtherexemplificationprovesthetoolandthecorrespondingmethodologiestobein-sightfulincartographicstudiesatthreelevelsnamelythewordstructurelevelthesenten-tiallevelandthepragmaticlevelbeyondleftperiphery

Keywords syntacticcartographylocalsimplicityleftperipherycomplexwordsbe-yondleft-periphery

(司富珍 100083 北京语言大学语言学系)

3

词汇层次的句末助词

邓 思 颖

提要 通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词本文论证普通话的ldquo法rdquo应分析为事件类句末

助词位处词汇层次因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词在制图理论的框架下本文

认为词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词也就是事件类句末助词通过本文的讨论我们可窥探

汉语句法结构的复杂性并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质关键词 句末助词词汇层次制图理论框式结构

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayerSze-WingTang

Abstract Byexaminingthedistributionofsentence-finalparticlesinMandarinandCan-toneseitisarguedinthispaperthatfa(法)inMandarinshouldbeanalyzedasaneventtypesentence-finalparticleinthelexicallayerandhenceboth MandarinandCantoneseshouldhavetheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesexhibitingthesamehierarchyofthesen-tence-finalparticlesintheclausalstructureUnderthecartographicapproachitisproposedthatinadditiontothecomplementizerlayerandtheinflectionallayerthereshouldbefunc-tionalcategoriesintherightperipheryofthelexicallayerietheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesinhumanlanguagesIftheanalysispresentedinthispaperisontherighttrack

wemayhavedeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofthesyntacticstructureinChineseandfurtherexploretheinterestingsyntacticpropertiesoftheclausalperiphery

Keywords sentence-finalparticlelexicallayercartographydiscontinuousconstruc-tion

(邓思颖 香港中文大学中国语言及文学系)

4

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

论乾嘉学术的科学突破

冯 胜 利

提要 中国学术有无自己发展的科学思想和理性思维这是中国思想史上一大疑案西方

学者一般都持否定观点本文提出乾嘉文献语言研究中的ldquo理必rdquo之学或可回答这一学界向

未认证的历史问题文章从乾嘉考据学的成果上(以戴震段玉裁王念孙的学术贡献为主)揭

示其ldquo理必rdquo思想并指出从乾嘉学者的文献语言研究中可以发掘出其ldquo理性发明rdquo的学术理路

和实践这种学术理路经全盘西化的五四文化运动之涤荡而几近销声匿迹故而黄侃发出的

ldquo今发现之学兴发明之学替rdquo的学术范式转型之慨叹对今天来说更具特别之意义关键词 乾嘉学术科学突破理性思维科学与技术

OnthebreakthroughofthescientificthoughtsinQian-JiaLearningFengShengli

Abstract TherehasbeenadisputedcaseinChineseintellectualhistoryoverthefactwhetherancientChinesescholarshavedevelopedthescientificthoughtsandrationalismontheirownForthiswesternscholarshavetakenanegativeviewItisproposedinthispa-perhoweverthattheLogicCertaintyproposedbyQian-JiascholarsintheirstudyofTex-turalCriticismcanprovideapositiveanswerforthisquestionWefirstreviewtheachieve-mentsinthetextologymadebyDaiZhenDuanYucaiandWangNiansunandrevealthera-tionalreasoningbeneathalltheachievementsWethenpointoutthatthesescholarsdidholdthethoughtofRationalReasoningandputitintopracticeintheirstudiesoftextualcriticismHoweversuchathoughtwasaffectedbytheMayFourthMovementandtheNewCultureMovementandalmostdisappearedThereforeHuangKanafamousscholarofChinesephi-lologyonceremarkedwithpitythattheacademiainChinaexperiencedashiftfromempha-sizinglogicdeductiontoemphasizinginductionoffactsItisbelievedthatarevisitofthesci-entificthoughtsofQian-Jiascholarswillbesignificantfortheacademiaofthepresenttime

Keywords Qian-JiaLearningscientificbreakthroughrationalismscienceandtech-nology

(冯胜利 100083 北京语言大学)

1

人类信息处理能力限度对语言结构的基本制约

陆丙甫 应学凤

提要 本文讨论心理学中两个重要数目ldquo短时记忆限度七左右rdquo和ldquo工作记忆限度四左

右rdquo强调其本质不仅仅是记忆的限度而是人类信息处理能力的一般限度包括次范畴分类的

限度然后讨论了这两个限度的关系以及这两个限度所决定的人类语言句法结构的两个基

本共性人类语言句法结构的直接成分不会超过七个左右其中决定结构模式的ldquo模式成分rdquo不

会超过四个关键词 人类信息处理短时记忆工作记忆次范畴分类语言结构数量共性

ThebasicrestrictionofhumaninformationprocessingcapabilityonlanguagestructureLuBingfuandYingXuefeng

Abstract Thisarticlediscussestwoimportantnumbersinpsychologythespanofshort-termmemory(7plusmn2)andthespanofworkingmemory(4plusmn)Itpointsoutthattheiressenceisnotonlythelimitofmemorybutaswellthegenerallimitofhumaninformationprocessingabilityespeciallyincludingthelimitonclassificationofsub-categorizationThearticlethendiscussestherelationshipbetweenthetwolimitsofmemoryspansandthetwobasicuniversalsbasedonthetwolimitsfirstthenumberofcomponentscontainedinasyn-tacticconstructioncannotexceed7(plusmn2)secondthenumberofpattern-settingcomponentscontainedinasyntacticstructuralpatterncannotexceed4

Keywords humaninformationprocessingshort-term memoryworking memory

classificationofsub-categoriesquantitativeuniversalsoflanguagestructure

(陆丙甫 应学凤 330029 浙江外国语学院)

2

句法制图研究的新视野

司 富 珍

提要 本文着重梳理句法制图理论的核心理念与一般原则和方法并在此基础上提出一

种扩展版全景式句法制图研究思路认为句法制图理论可以在三个维度上为句法研究提供新

的视野第一在句子短语结构层面句法制图的研究焦点理论上可以涵盖包括左缘结构和核

心结构区域在内的所有层级第二在复杂词层面句法制图理论关于功能中心语层级的思想

也可以得到扩展应用第三在超越句子左缘结构的语用层面句法制图更是有着许多大有可

为的空白地带有待填补关键词 句法制图局部简约性左缘结构复杂词超越左缘结构

NewhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudiesSiFuzhen

Abstract FollowingacloseexaminationofthemajorparadigmoftheSyntacticCartog-raphicApproachincludingitsessentialsandworkingprinciplesthispaperproposesapano-ramicvisionforcartographicstudiesandinstantiatesanabstracttoolwhichismetaphorical-lynamedldquomentalmagnifierrdquoThetoolenablesanalternativefunctionofldquozoom-inrdquoandldquozoom-outrdquowhichaimforobservationofldquolocalsimplicityrdquoandldquomacro-simplicityrdquorespec-tivelyFurtherexemplificationprovesthetoolandthecorrespondingmethodologiestobein-sightfulincartographicstudiesatthreelevelsnamelythewordstructurelevelthesenten-tiallevelandthepragmaticlevelbeyondleftperiphery

Keywords syntacticcartographylocalsimplicityleftperipherycomplexwordsbe-yondleft-periphery

(司富珍 100083 北京语言大学语言学系)

3

词汇层次的句末助词

邓 思 颖

提要 通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词本文论证普通话的ldquo法rdquo应分析为事件类句末

助词位处词汇层次因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词在制图理论的框架下本文

认为词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词也就是事件类句末助词通过本文的讨论我们可窥探

汉语句法结构的复杂性并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质关键词 句末助词词汇层次制图理论框式结构

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayerSze-WingTang

Abstract Byexaminingthedistributionofsentence-finalparticlesinMandarinandCan-toneseitisarguedinthispaperthatfa(法)inMandarinshouldbeanalyzedasaneventtypesentence-finalparticleinthelexicallayerandhenceboth MandarinandCantoneseshouldhavetheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesexhibitingthesamehierarchyofthesen-tence-finalparticlesintheclausalstructureUnderthecartographicapproachitisproposedthatinadditiontothecomplementizerlayerandtheinflectionallayerthereshouldbefunc-tionalcategoriesintherightperipheryofthelexicallayerietheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesinhumanlanguagesIftheanalysispresentedinthispaperisontherighttrack

wemayhavedeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofthesyntacticstructureinChineseandfurtherexploretheinterestingsyntacticpropertiesoftheclausalperiphery

Keywords sentence-finalparticlelexicallayercartographydiscontinuousconstruc-tion

(邓思颖 香港中文大学中国语言及文学系)

4

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

人类信息处理能力限度对语言结构的基本制约

陆丙甫 应学凤

提要 本文讨论心理学中两个重要数目ldquo短时记忆限度七左右rdquo和ldquo工作记忆限度四左

右rdquo强调其本质不仅仅是记忆的限度而是人类信息处理能力的一般限度包括次范畴分类的

限度然后讨论了这两个限度的关系以及这两个限度所决定的人类语言句法结构的两个基

本共性人类语言句法结构的直接成分不会超过七个左右其中决定结构模式的ldquo模式成分rdquo不

会超过四个关键词 人类信息处理短时记忆工作记忆次范畴分类语言结构数量共性

ThebasicrestrictionofhumaninformationprocessingcapabilityonlanguagestructureLuBingfuandYingXuefeng

Abstract Thisarticlediscussestwoimportantnumbersinpsychologythespanofshort-termmemory(7plusmn2)andthespanofworkingmemory(4plusmn)Itpointsoutthattheiressenceisnotonlythelimitofmemorybutaswellthegenerallimitofhumaninformationprocessingabilityespeciallyincludingthelimitonclassificationofsub-categorizationThearticlethendiscussestherelationshipbetweenthetwolimitsofmemoryspansandthetwobasicuniversalsbasedonthetwolimitsfirstthenumberofcomponentscontainedinasyn-tacticconstructioncannotexceed7(plusmn2)secondthenumberofpattern-settingcomponentscontainedinasyntacticstructuralpatterncannotexceed4

Keywords humaninformationprocessingshort-term memoryworking memory

classificationofsub-categoriesquantitativeuniversalsoflanguagestructure

(陆丙甫 应学凤 330029 浙江外国语学院)

2

句法制图研究的新视野

司 富 珍

提要 本文着重梳理句法制图理论的核心理念与一般原则和方法并在此基础上提出一

种扩展版全景式句法制图研究思路认为句法制图理论可以在三个维度上为句法研究提供新

的视野第一在句子短语结构层面句法制图的研究焦点理论上可以涵盖包括左缘结构和核

心结构区域在内的所有层级第二在复杂词层面句法制图理论关于功能中心语层级的思想

也可以得到扩展应用第三在超越句子左缘结构的语用层面句法制图更是有着许多大有可

为的空白地带有待填补关键词 句法制图局部简约性左缘结构复杂词超越左缘结构

NewhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudiesSiFuzhen

Abstract FollowingacloseexaminationofthemajorparadigmoftheSyntacticCartog-raphicApproachincludingitsessentialsandworkingprinciplesthispaperproposesapano-ramicvisionforcartographicstudiesandinstantiatesanabstracttoolwhichismetaphorical-lynamedldquomentalmagnifierrdquoThetoolenablesanalternativefunctionofldquozoom-inrdquoandldquozoom-outrdquowhichaimforobservationofldquolocalsimplicityrdquoandldquomacro-simplicityrdquorespec-tivelyFurtherexemplificationprovesthetoolandthecorrespondingmethodologiestobein-sightfulincartographicstudiesatthreelevelsnamelythewordstructurelevelthesenten-tiallevelandthepragmaticlevelbeyondleftperiphery

Keywords syntacticcartographylocalsimplicityleftperipherycomplexwordsbe-yondleft-periphery

(司富珍 100083 北京语言大学语言学系)

3

词汇层次的句末助词

邓 思 颖

提要 通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词本文论证普通话的ldquo法rdquo应分析为事件类句末

助词位处词汇层次因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词在制图理论的框架下本文

认为词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词也就是事件类句末助词通过本文的讨论我们可窥探

汉语句法结构的复杂性并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质关键词 句末助词词汇层次制图理论框式结构

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayerSze-WingTang

Abstract Byexaminingthedistributionofsentence-finalparticlesinMandarinandCan-toneseitisarguedinthispaperthatfa(法)inMandarinshouldbeanalyzedasaneventtypesentence-finalparticleinthelexicallayerandhenceboth MandarinandCantoneseshouldhavetheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesexhibitingthesamehierarchyofthesen-tence-finalparticlesintheclausalstructureUnderthecartographicapproachitisproposedthatinadditiontothecomplementizerlayerandtheinflectionallayerthereshouldbefunc-tionalcategoriesintherightperipheryofthelexicallayerietheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesinhumanlanguagesIftheanalysispresentedinthispaperisontherighttrack

wemayhavedeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofthesyntacticstructureinChineseandfurtherexploretheinterestingsyntacticpropertiesoftheclausalperiphery

Keywords sentence-finalparticlelexicallayercartographydiscontinuousconstruc-tion

(邓思颖 香港中文大学中国语言及文学系)

4

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

句法制图研究的新视野

司 富 珍

提要 本文着重梳理句法制图理论的核心理念与一般原则和方法并在此基础上提出一

种扩展版全景式句法制图研究思路认为句法制图理论可以在三个维度上为句法研究提供新

的视野第一在句子短语结构层面句法制图的研究焦点理论上可以涵盖包括左缘结构和核

心结构区域在内的所有层级第二在复杂词层面句法制图理论关于功能中心语层级的思想

也可以得到扩展应用第三在超越句子左缘结构的语用层面句法制图更是有着许多大有可

为的空白地带有待填补关键词 句法制图局部简约性左缘结构复杂词超越左缘结构

NewhorizonsinsyntacticcartographicstudiesSiFuzhen

Abstract FollowingacloseexaminationofthemajorparadigmoftheSyntacticCartog-raphicApproachincludingitsessentialsandworkingprinciplesthispaperproposesapano-ramicvisionforcartographicstudiesandinstantiatesanabstracttoolwhichismetaphorical-lynamedldquomentalmagnifierrdquoThetoolenablesanalternativefunctionofldquozoom-inrdquoandldquozoom-outrdquowhichaimforobservationofldquolocalsimplicityrdquoandldquomacro-simplicityrdquorespec-tivelyFurtherexemplificationprovesthetoolandthecorrespondingmethodologiestobein-sightfulincartographicstudiesatthreelevelsnamelythewordstructurelevelthesenten-tiallevelandthepragmaticlevelbeyondleftperiphery

Keywords syntacticcartographylocalsimplicityleftperipherycomplexwordsbe-yondleft-periphery

(司富珍 100083 北京语言大学语言学系)

3

词汇层次的句末助词

邓 思 颖

提要 通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词本文论证普通话的ldquo法rdquo应分析为事件类句末

助词位处词汇层次因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词在制图理论的框架下本文

认为词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词也就是事件类句末助词通过本文的讨论我们可窥探

汉语句法结构的复杂性并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质关键词 句末助词词汇层次制图理论框式结构

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayerSze-WingTang

Abstract Byexaminingthedistributionofsentence-finalparticlesinMandarinandCan-toneseitisarguedinthispaperthatfa(法)inMandarinshouldbeanalyzedasaneventtypesentence-finalparticleinthelexicallayerandhenceboth MandarinandCantoneseshouldhavetheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesexhibitingthesamehierarchyofthesen-tence-finalparticlesintheclausalstructureUnderthecartographicapproachitisproposedthatinadditiontothecomplementizerlayerandtheinflectionallayerthereshouldbefunc-tionalcategoriesintherightperipheryofthelexicallayerietheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesinhumanlanguagesIftheanalysispresentedinthispaperisontherighttrack

wemayhavedeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofthesyntacticstructureinChineseandfurtherexploretheinterestingsyntacticpropertiesoftheclausalperiphery

Keywords sentence-finalparticlelexicallayercartographydiscontinuousconstruc-tion

(邓思颖 香港中文大学中国语言及文学系)

4

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

词汇层次的句末助词

邓 思 颖

提要 通过比较普通话和粤语的句末助词本文论证普通话的ldquo法rdquo应分析为事件类句末

助词位处词汇层次因而普通话和粤语都具备事件类句末助词在制图理论的框架下本文

认为词汇层次的右缘也应该有虚词也就是事件类句末助词通过本文的讨论我们可窥探

汉语句法结构的复杂性并继续探讨句子边缘结构的句法性质关键词 句末助词词汇层次制图理论框式结构

Sentence-finalparticlesinthelexicallayerSze-WingTang

Abstract Byexaminingthedistributionofsentence-finalparticlesinMandarinandCan-toneseitisarguedinthispaperthatfa(法)inMandarinshouldbeanalyzedasaneventtypesentence-finalparticleinthelexicallayerandhenceboth MandarinandCantoneseshouldhavetheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesexhibitingthesamehierarchyofthesen-tence-finalparticlesintheclausalstructureUnderthecartographicapproachitisproposedthatinadditiontothecomplementizerlayerandtheinflectionallayerthereshouldbefunc-tionalcategoriesintherightperipheryofthelexicallayerietheeventtypesentence-finalparticlesinhumanlanguagesIftheanalysispresentedinthispaperisontherighttrack

wemayhavedeeperunderstandingofthecomplexityofthesyntacticstructureinChineseandfurtherexploretheinterestingsyntacticpropertiesoftheclausalperiphery

Keywords sentence-finalparticlelexicallayercartographydiscontinuousconstruc-tion

(邓思颖 香港中文大学中国语言及文学系)

4

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

从ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语结构看ldquo谓词隐含rdquo

陆 烁 潘海华

提要 本文从句法mdash语义对接的层面考察ldquoNP的NPrdquo名词短语中定语和中心语的语义

关系论证单纯的语用分析或者ldquo谓词隐含rdquo分析是不能清晰解决定中语义关系的定中语义

关系有一部分存在谓词隐含受语用和上下文的影响有一部分不存在谓词隐含不受语用的

影响而是受制于定语在名词短语中所处的句法位置获得ldquo结构义rdquo而非ldquo隐含义rdquo关键词 ldquoNP的NPrdquo结构定中结构谓词隐含

ldquoNPdeNPrdquonominalconstructionsandtheldquoHiddenPredicaterdquoaccountLuShuoandPanHaihua

Abstract ThispaperexaminesthesemanticrelationshipsbetweenthemodifierNPandthemodifieeNPintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionfromtheperspectiveofsyntax-semanticsinterfaceItisarguedthatneitherthepragmaticapproachnorthelsquoHiddenPredicatersquoac-countcanadequatelyaccountfortheactualsemanticrelationsintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstruc-tionNotalltheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionsinvolveahiddenpredicateandthereisasystematicpatternofmeaningintheldquoNPdeNPrdquoexpressionthatisindependentofcontextualandprag-maticinfluenceAlthoughtheoneswithahiddenpredicateareindeedinfluencedbypragmat-icfactorsorthecontextitisshowninthispaperthatthereareexpressionsinvolvingNPdeNPthatdonothaveahiddenpredicateandwhosesemanticmeaningisnotsubjecttoprag-maticorcontextualinfluencebutexemplifiesasystematicpatternwhichisdeterminedbythemodifier1049011ssyntacticpositioninthenominalphraseinquestionindependentofcontext

Keywords ldquoNPdeNPrdquoconstructionsattributivestructuresHiddenPredicates

(陆 烁 510275 中山大学中国语言文学系)(潘海华 香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系100083 北京语言大学外国语学部)

5

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

指别等级制约下名量成分跟ldquo每rdquoldquo各rdquo的匹配

陈 忠

提要 ldquo每rdquo立足于成员之间的类同性ldquo各rdquo立足于成员之间的区别性ldquo类同rdquo和ldquo区别rdquo等级的不同制约着不同指别度的名词对ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo的选择限制导致ldquo每rdquo和ldquo各rdquo跟不同指别

等级名词的组合条件以及对量词的依赖呈现既对立又交叉的格局关键词 指别等级类指差指

Referentialhierarchyandthecollocationofmeigewithnounsandmeasurewords

ChenZhongAbstract Mei(每)differsfromge (各)inthatithighlightsthesimilarityratherthan

thedifferenceTheproportionofsimilaritytodifferenceinanounrestrainsitschoiceofmeiorgetocombinewithwhichleadstobothcomplementaryandoverlappingoccurrencesofmeiandgewhencollocatingwithmeasurewords

Keywords referentialhierarchygenericreferencedistinctreference

(陈 忠 澳门大学人文学院中文系)

6

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

从词类的修辞构式到语法构式

mdashmdashmdash以ldquo研究rdquo名词用法的规约化为例

杨 旭

提要 词类研究中隐含一个ldquo十字rdquo上下分别是语法层面和修辞层面左右分别是语法构

式和修辞构式修辞层面的非常规个体词词性有可能随着使用频率增加沉淀或规约化为常

规的概括词词类从而最终进入语法层面如ldquo研究rdquo的名词用法既有较高的共时频率也有久

远的历时分布说明其已经规约化最后区分了构式研究中的语法层面和修辞层面描写了

ldquo语法框架构式rarr语法实体构式rarr修辞实体构式rarr修辞框架构式rdquo的循环圈并讨论了它们之

间的关系关键词 词类修辞构式语法构式ldquo研究rdquo简约原则

FromrhetoricalconstructionstogrammaticalconstructionsinwordclassesAsurveyofthedegreeofconventionalizationofyanjiuasaNoun

YangXuAbstract Thereisahiddenldquocrossrdquobehindthestudyofwordclassesnamelythedis-

tinctionbetweengrammaticallevelandrhetoricallevelandthedistinctionbetweengram-maticalconstructionandrhetoricalconstructionThepartofspeechoftokenwordontherhetoricallevelmaybecomethewordclassoftypewordonthegrammaticallevelthroughthefrequentuseinparticularcontextsAsanexamplesinceyanjiu (研究)asanounhashightokentypefrequencyandlargetimespanitbelongstobothverbandnouninsteadofverbonlyinthelexiconofthecommunallanguageofModernChineseFinallyweprovideacircleofldquogrammaticalframeconstructionrarrgrammaticalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalinstanceconstructionrarrrhetoricalframeconstructionrdquoanddiscusstheirrelationship

Keywords wordclassesrhetoricalconstructionsgrammaticalconstructionsyanjiu(研究)principleofparsimony

(杨 旭 200433 复旦大学中文系639798 南洋理工大学中文系)

7

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

01

汉语作为第二语言口语非流利现象的成因探讨

刘 瑜

提要 本研究基于汉语二语学习者口语产出中的非流利现象以及学习者对导致自己说

话不流利原因的回忆汇报考察汉语二语中非流利现象的成因以此讨论第二语言认知流利

度文章从语料中总结出23类造成汉语二语口语中非流利现象的因素并发现导致非流利

现象出现的认知活动贯穿于语言生成过程的各阶段其中调动心理词汇节点是最容易导致非

流利现象产生的环节二语能力不足是最主要原因其中词汇的通达能力是影响口语表达是

否流利的关键即使到了中高级阶段母语依然对二语口语输出有着巨大的影响形近字也

有可能导致学习者说话不够流利因为当学习者提取词汇信息时汉字字形信息也会被调动起

来关键词 汉语二语习得口语流利度认知流利度

CausesofDisfluencyinChineseL2SpeechLiuYu

Abstract ThestudyreportedinthispaperinvestigatedthedisfluentphenomenoninChineseL2learnersspeechWeaddressedthequestionofwhatcausesdisfluencyanddiscussedsecondlanguagecognitivefluencyWesummarized22typesoffactorsthatcausedisfluencyfromthedataFourfindingscanbeconcludedinthestudycognitiveactivitiesthatleadtodisfluentspeechcanbefoundatdifferentstagesoflanguageproductionandamongallthevulnerabilitypointsaccessingthementallexiconistheonethatcausesdisfluencymosteasilymostofthedisfluenciesarecausedbysecondlanguageincompetence

inwhichtheabilityofaccessingwordsisthekeytoproducingfluentspeechfirstlanguageisfoundtostronglyaffectsecondlanguageprocessingevenforintermediateadvancedlearners

Chinesecharactersthatlooksimilarcanalsoaffectspeakingfluencybecausethewaythatcharactersarewrittenmayberetrievedwhenlearnersaretryingtoaccesslexicon

Keywords Chinesesecondlanguagespeakingfluencycognitivefluency

(刘 瑜 84602 美国杨百翰大学东亚语言学系)

8

声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

9

鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

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声符累计频率对留学生汉字字音成绩的影响

徐 彩 华 AdrianMaries

提要 统计式学习是人类单词学习中的普遍现象本文通过汉字注音任务考察形声字声

符累计频率对外国留学生字音成绩的影响结果发现(1)声符累计频率效应显著(2)声符累

计频率的读音特性调节着形声字读音一致性效应的表现目标字的声符累计频率读音友性强

时(规则读音累计gt不规则读音累计)读音不一致未出现干扰作用累计频率读音敌性强时

(规则读音累计lt不规则读音累计)出现经典的读音不一致劣势效应(3)声符累计频率影响

的深度和持续性受目标字频率以及学习者因素的调节表现为在低频字中影响更大持续时间

更长成绩较好的被试更早从规则累计读音中获益文章还讨论了上述结果在教学中的应用关键词 形声字读音一致性效应累计频率汉语二语习得

AstudyoftheinfluenceofneighboringphoneticsonL2Chineselearners1049011phoneticslearning

XuCaihuaandAdrianMariesAbstract Neighboringphoneticsisanimportantfactoraffectingthepronunciation

learningofChinesephoneticsinChinesecharacterlearningInthisstudytheaccumulativeeffectofpronunciationofneighboringphoneticsinL2ChinesephoneticlearningistestedTheresultsshow(1)theaccumulativepronunciationeffectissignificantNomatterwheth-erthetargetwordsareregularorsemi-regularphoneticshighlyregular-basedaccumulativepronunciationfrequenciespromotelearningwhereasthehighlyirregularaccumulativepro-nunciationfrequenciesharmlearning(2)thetargetwordfrequenciesandthelearnerfactorsmodulatetheaboveinfluencesTheresultssuggestthatstatisticallearningisacommonphenomenoninhumanwordlearning

Keywords ChinesephoneticsconsistencyeffectaccumulativefrequencyL2ChineseAcquisition

(徐彩华 100875 北京师范大学汉语文化学院)(AdrianMerries 02138 美国哈佛大学心理学系)

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鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

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鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响

曹 冲 张劲松

提要 本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响实验一为

自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是an-aŋən-əŋ和

in-iŋ)的知觉正确率和反应时发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是i组gtə组gta组实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界发

现i组和ə组的范畴感知边界非常接近两者与a组均具有显著性差异实验三采用i组

和ə组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的

信息加工模式结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式关键词 元音鼻音尾鼻韵母感知

TheinfluenceofvowelsonMandarinspeakers1049011perceptionofChinesenasalcodas

CaoChongandZhangJinsongAbstract Thepaperdesignedthreeexperimentstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofvowels

ontheperceptionofnasalcodasby MandarinsubjectsThefirstexperimentwasanidentificationtaskbasedonnaturalsyllableswithnasalcodasBycalculatingtheresponseaccuracyrateandreactiontimewefoundthatthedegreeofperceptiondifficultyamongthreegroupsofsyllableswithnasalcodaswasigtəgtaThesecondexperimentwasanidentificationtaskwithacontinuaofthreenasalcodasTheresultsshowedthatthecategoryboundariesofiandə wereveryclosetoeachotherwhilebothhadsignificantdifferencesfromaThethirdexperimentemployedthestimuliofiandətoconductspeededclassificationtaskandtheresultsshowedthatthe voweland nasalcodademonstratedanintegralinterferenceeffectduringtheperceptualprocessofnasalfinals

Keywords vowelnasalcodasnasalfinalsperception

(曹 冲 张劲松 100083 北京语言大学信息科学学院)

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