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8/18/2019 l04_estructura_4-2
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–1
Formal (Ud. and Uds.) commands• Formal commands (mandatos are !sed to give orders
or advice to people yo! address as usted or ustedes.
"heir #orms are identical to the present s!$%!nctive
#orms #or usted and ustedes.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–2
Familiar (tú ) commands• Familar commands are !sed &ith people yo! address as tú.
A##irmative tú commands have the same #orm as the él' ella'
and usted #orm o# the present indicative. egative tú
commands have the same #orm as the tú #orm o# the present
s!$%!nctive.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–3
• )ight ver$s have irreg!lar a##irmative túcommands. "heir negative #orms are still the
same as the tú #orm o# the present s!$%!nctive.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–4
Vosotros/as commands
*n Latin America' ustedes commands serve as the pl!ral o# #amiliar (tú
commands. "he #amiliar pl!ral vosotros/as command is !sed in +pain.
"he a##irmative command is #ormed $y changing the –r o# the in#initiveto –d. "he negative command is identical to the vosotros/as #orm o# the
present s!$%!nctive.
For re#le,ive ver$s' a##irmative commands are #ormed $y dropping the –r and adding the re#le,ive prono!n –os. *n negative commands' the prono!n
precedes the ver$.
bailar: bailad/no bailéis
levantarse: levantaos/no os levantéis
Irse is irreg!lar : idos/no os vayis
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–!
Nosotros/as commands• "osotros/as commands are !sed to give orders or s!ggestions that
incl!de yo!rsel# as &ell as other people. *n +panish' nosotros/as
commands correspond to the )nglish let’s - verb/. A##irmative and
negative nosotros/as commands are generally identical to the
nosotros/as #orms o# the present s!$%!nctive.
• "he nosotros/as commands #or ir and irse are irreg!lar
vamos and vmonos. "he negative commands are reg!lar
no vayamos and no nos vayamos.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–#
$sin% &ronouns 'it commands• hen o$%ect and re#le,ive prono!ns are !sed &ith
a##irmative commands' they are al&ays attached to
the ver$. hen !sed &ith negative commands' the
prono!ns appear a#ter no and $e#ore the ver$.
evntense temprano. "o se levanten temprano.
Wake up early. Don’t wake up early.
*ime todo. "o me di%as.Tell me everything. Don’t tell me.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–+
• hen the prono!ns nos or se are attached toan a##irmative nosotros/as command' the
#inal s o# the command #orm is dropped.
,entémonos a!3. "o nos sentemos a!3.
Let’s sit here. Let’s not sit here.
*émoselo maana. "o se lo demos maana.
Let’s give it to him/hertomorrow.
Let’s not give it to him/hertomorrow.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–-
hen one or more prono!ns are attached to an a##irmative
command' an accent mar5 may $e necessary to maintain the
original stress. "his !s!ally happens &hen the com$ined ver$
#orm has three or more sylla$les.
decir
di' dile' d3melo
diga' d3gale' d3gaselo
digamos' dig6mosle'dig6moselo
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–
Indirect (él ella ellos ellas) commands• "he constr!ction 0ue - verb/ in the third7person
s!$%!nctive can $e !sed to e,press indirect commands
that correspond to the )nglish let someone do
something . *# the s!$%ect o# the indirect command ise,pressed' it !s!ally #ollo&s the ver$.
ue &ase el sig!iente. ue lo a%a ella.
Let the next person pass. Let her do it.
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Copyright © 2014 Vista Higher Learning. All rights reserved. 4.2–1
• As &ith other !ses o# the s!$%!nctive' prono!nsare never attached to the con%!gated ver$'
regardless o# &hether the indirect command is
a##irmative or negative.
ue se lo den los otros. ue no se lo den.
ue lo vuelvan a hacer. ue no lo vuelvan a hacer.