Legal and Moral implications of cloning

组员：刘秀玲、杜倩倩、王晶、李丹丹、王娜、王雪宁

ClonedCloned AnimalsAnimals

•What animals do you What animals do you know have been cloned know have been cloned so far?so far?

DollyDolly•Dolly, the first mammal to be Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. appeared to be quite normal.

Idaho GemIdaho GemThe world's first cloned The world's first cloned mule, was born on May 4. mule, was born on May 4. He is an identical genetic He is an identical genetic copy of his brother, a copy of his brother, a champion racing mule champion racing mule called Taz, and the first called Taz, and the first clone to be born in the clone to be born in the equine family.equine family.

CcNoel, Angel, Star, Joy, Noel, Angel, Star, Joy, MaryMary

Cloned CalvesCloned Calves

AAANDiANDi

The Process of Cloning• Such as Dolly

1. Structure of Text

This part is about the world’s strong and immediate responses in the wake of Wilmut’s announcement.

This part offers complete or partial answers, from the up-to-date knowledge, to the six questions on the legal and moral implications of cloning.

This part is intended to reaffirm the author’s opinion that, although the list of questions could go on, people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.

With the success of cloning an adult mammal, the world was suddenly brought into the reality of human cloning.Para.1

Para. 2-3

Para. 4-18

Para.19

3. Key Words

• prohibit• mount• transplant• resemble• breed• confusion

1) prohibit:v. forbid, esp. by law or rule 禁止，阻止TranslationTranslation

The government introduced a law prohibiting tobacco advertisements on TV.政府颁布法律禁止在电视上做香烟广告。The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs. 大多数夜总会里音乐声很响，没法正儿八经地谈话。

2)mount: v. increase in amount or degree 增加，上升TranslationTranslation

Sales were mounting after prices were lowered. 价格降低后，销售量就上去了。Tension mounted as we waited for the decision. 我们等待着决定时，气氛越来越紧张。

3) transplant:

① n. an organ or plant moved from one person or one place to another 移植的器官或植物② n. the act or process of transplanting （组织或器官的）移植

TranslationTranslation

The transplant was accepted by the body.移植器官被身体接受了。a heart/kidney/liver transplant 心脏 / 肾脏 / 肝脏移植

4)resemble:

v. look or be alike 像，类似TranslationTranslation

He was not beautiful; he did not resemble his mother. 他长得不好看，不像他母亲。We have produced a cloth made of pineapple fiber, closely resembling cotton but stronger.我们生产出了一块有菠萝纤维制成的衣料，很像棉布但质地更结实。

5)breed:v. (of animals) produce young 繁殖 (bred, bred)

TranslationTranslation

Frogs will usually breed in any convenient pond. 青蛙在任何条件适宜的池塘里都能繁殖。Thousands of waterfowl breed round the lake. 成千上万拿的水鸟在湖边繁衍后代。

6)confusion: ① n. the state of being mixed up 困惑，迷乱 ② n. the act of confusing; mixing up 混淆

TranslationTranslation

There was some confusion as to whether we had won or lost.关于我们是赢了还是输了，人们众说纷纭。We’ve got three people called Paul James working for us, so it often caused confusion. 我们有三个叫保罗 . 詹姆斯的雇员，因而经常引起混淆。

Part 1(1)• At first it was just plain surprising. Word

that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.

Questions to Comprehension

How did the world react to the first successfully cloned sheep?

Part 2(2-3)• In the wake of this announcement, governments

hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.

•    Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dolly's appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.

Part 3(4-18)• There are six questions on the legal and

moral implications of cloning 。• Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the

first place?• Will it be possible to clone the dead?• Would a cloned human be identical to the original?• What if parents decided to clone a child in order to

harvest organs ？• How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?• What are the other implications of cloning for society?

1 、 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?

• There may have two reasons: The one is parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child.The other one is adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves

2 、 Will it be possible to clone the dead?

• If the body is fresh ,in theory at least it might be possible.

• 3 、 Would a cloned human be identical to the original?

• Identical genes don't produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you.

4 、 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs ？• It would be psychologically harmful if a chi

ld sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But experts do not oppose that some parents produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind,

5 、 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?

• Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of "Miss Manners", suggests the phrase, "Most honored sir or madam". She think that one should always respect one's ancestors regardless of what they did to bring one into the world.

6 、 What are the other implications of cloning for society?

• The gravest concern is genetic engineering—the deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new social class: "the clones".

逃出克隆岛的剧情简介 · · · · · 　　林肯（伊万•麦克格雷格 Ewan McGregor饰）和乔丹（斯嘉丽•约翰逊 Scarlett Johansson饰）以为他们生活在一个与世隔绝的社区里。据科学家说，他们是地球最后一批存活的人类。而在他们这个群体里面，将会抽签决定人选，派去一个世外桃源的小岛上面生活。然而在没选中之前，他们得忍受没有自由、备受监管的生活。　　当林肯和乔丹“幸运”当选后，他们却发现了一个惊人的秘密——原来所谓的世外桃源岛根本不存在，而他们本身，也只是岛上居民克隆版本；他们前往小岛，迎接来的不是美丽生活，而是掏出他们的鲜活的器官，用以拯救人类。而林肯亲眼目睹了他的朋友，如何在手术刀下被解剖。　

Debate

• Should Human Cloning Be Realistic or did you want to be cloned?why?

Part 4(19)

• The list of question could go on;people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.