Lesson 1： Independent Writing

Unit 1

Introduction

1. 字数时间• About 300 words• 30 minutes • 经验表明想要高分要 350-400

OG

“ 如果少于 300 个字，仍然有可能获得高分，但是经验表明少于 300 字的文章一般不能充分扩展和表达论证。没有最高的字数要求，如果时间足够，你可以写到你需要的字数。但是不要为了写而写，要切题而写。观点的数量很重要，但是你的观点的质量和有效表达才是评分者最看重的。” ----OG 引言翻译 （ pg. 206-207 ）

时间安排 • Plan your essay—1-2 分钟• Write your essay—26 分钟• Proofreading—2 分钟（一定要留出时间检查，因为一些低级的语言错误会导致严重的扣分。）

为何要检查？要提前 2 分钟完成文章— proofread 杀死低级语言错误（会扣分）OG pg264

低级错误例子E.G. thick fog—trick frog

会严重干扰阅卷者对意思的理解--Noticeable errors— 会扣 0.5*6

练习用键盘练习英文写作—练习什么？除了自己的作文，还有讲义的范文 用写字板，和台式的大键盘

如何评分（OG 3 pg.207）A. How well you develop your ideas 如何论证观点• “Development is the amount and kinds of

support (examples, details, reasons) for your ideas.”

B. How well you organize you essay 如何组织文章• Requirement:“Unity, progression, and

coherence”• AVOID: “redundancy(repetition of ideas),

digression (points that are not related to your main idea that take away from the ‘unity’ of your ideas, unclear connections)”

C. How well you use language to express your ideas 如何得体的表达

• The essay must “consistent facility in the use of language.”

• There should be “a variety of sentence structures, and word choice should be appropriate.”

1). 模板是公害！• 切勿抄模板，否则会造成 inconsistent

use of language

• First in the first place• 或者用一些“万能模板”来增加字数

恶劣的模板 • The importance of the issue raised by the posed

statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, cannot be underestimated as it concerns the very fabric of society.

• As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general cannot be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.”(Official Guide)

恶劣模板 2 • Depending on personal experience, personality type and

emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.

• The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious(wise) to ____________.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous(clear) aspects as follows.

字数不够如何做 ?

• 完善的正反论证• 充分的段落展开举例，推理，反面论证等等

2).Language

A. Concise– clear and precise

典型的废话：• After pondering all the evidence offered above, we

may safely arrive at the unshakeable conclusion….• My main proposition can be summed up in one

saying that…• To illustrate this point, there is an perfect example

that is very persuasive…

B. 不要有 Obscuring words, Run-on sentences

一般情况下—句子字数在 15-20 个左右

C. “word choice should be appropriate” “ 合适的词汇选择” E.g. 符合习惯• “Television is having a bulky impact on

children’s behaviors.”• Television is having a huge impact on

children’s behaviors.

• “ 如果语言过于简单，句子结构过于单一，文章的论点再精彩也超不过 3 分。”• 什么是简单的语言？• Good, bad, things 语义过宽，不够 specific • this, that 指代不明 • Wanna, stuff 太口语化

评分标准5分• 切题并有效得完成了任务• 文章组织有条理，论证充分，使用了恰当的解释，例子（以及细节）• 文章展示了一致性，连贯性和条理性• 文章展示了良好的语言能力，有多样的句子结构，恰当的选词，符合语言习惯，尽管有一些小的用词和语法错误。

要用大难词吗？• Big words— 如果用的不对—会干扰阅卷者对文章的理解Some people accuse advertising of inducing

people to indulge themselves in an insalubrious( 这个词的英文解释是 unpleasant, dirty or likely to cause disease) way of eating.

• Overly Complicated Sentences

满分 SAMPLE• Most young adults prefer to have a separate or

independent life from their parents or families as soon as possible. This is because they have a strong urge for freedom in doing what they desire. But in fact many of them fail. This should not be surprising since often they are actually not mentally ready although they are physically ready. It is widely understood that to live independently requires a lot of energy and is not easy at all. In this twenty first century, people may need more and more preparation because competition is increasing rapidly. An observation shows that many university graduated students are unemployed. Therefore, they will not be able to support themselves or fulfill their basic needs.

4 分• 切题但是有小部分论证不充分• 组织基本合理• 展示了文章展示了一致性，连贯性和条理性，尽管有一些赘述，偏题或者模糊表达。• 文章展示了良好的语言能力，有多样的句子结构，恰当的选词，符合语言习惯，尽管有一些明显的用词和语法错误。

见讲义 4 分范文以及评分

3 分• 切题并有一定的扩展• 展示了文章展示了一致性，连贯性和条理性，尽管有些连接很模糊• 语言不能展示一致性，比如词语和句子。有些表达很模糊。• 语言表达正确，但是词汇多样性不足。

3 分作文例子 Do you agree or disagree? One should never make a decision

alone.

E.G. The first reason I want to put forward is that in some situations, you have to make a decision alone. For example, when you are just going abroad, your family are (is) on the other side of the Earth, and you have no friends there, you must make an important decision by your own. So what will you do with that? We may face a decision like that, so what shall we do? We have to have the ability by! (?)

Run-on sentence, unclear language.

2 分• 扩展很有限• 组织不合理• 错误例证• 错误选词• 句子结构或者语法错误明显

3. 题库 / 新题 •185 TOPICS•新题

4. 分类以往按题材分类—如校园，青少年，环境

ETC.但是太多，而且容易重合• 2008-11-9

Agree or disagree? Movies and televisions make more

negative effects than positive effects on young people’s behavior.

• 结论性题目单一事物 / 比较选择

• 因果类题目（从 GRE 的 ISSUE中变化而来）

结论性的题目2008.3.14 Do you agree or disagree with the following

statement:　　 The environmental issue is too complex to be solved by the individuals.　　只有一个关键词利弊分析题目

E.G. 　 2008-10-26Do you agree or disagree ?

People can learn more from watching television thanreading books.

一定要比较对比

E.G. 2008-10-12 Do you agree or disagree ? Visiting museums is the best way to know a

country.

后面会讲关于绝对词的题目

因果关系型题目• …because • …so that ….

2009.10.31　　 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:　　 It is not good to move to a new city or a new country because you will lose old friends. 　　反驳比赞成更容易—反驳原因，反驳结果，反驳因果关系

1. Moving to a new city is not the cause of losing friends

2. Moving to a new city may get to know new friends, but still have the old friends

3. If one loses friends, that is because the friendship is not real and solid.

5. 写作提高方法1. 通过积累词汇量

2.通过扩大阅读量“Reading is to writing what color is to painting.” -----DS

3.通过提高听说能力

4. 通过重视写作过程PrewritingWriting Revising

PRODUCT

Revising

WritingPrewriting

5. 通过多写英语摘要Summary Note-taking

6. 通过发展英语语言思维能力“Translate or not translate, that is a question.”

Sentence Writing