TRUNG TM NGHIN CU CHNH SCH V PHT TRINGiI THIU PHN MM X L S LIU STATA

Biu trong StataGii thiu biu trong StataBiu HistogramBiu 2 chiu ( Kt hp 2 bin) graph twowayBiu dng ma trn graph matrixBiu hnh hp graph boxBiu hnh pie graph pieBiu ct graph bar

Gii thiu v ha trong Stata ha lun l phn mnh trong StataStata c rt nhiu kiu ha khc nhau cho bn lng chn.Trong mi kiu ha c rt nhiu option cho bn la chn.Bn c th dng giao din menu (Graphics) y, mnh s hng dn giao din ti dng lnh

Biu HistogramHistogram dng biu din phn b cc gi tr ca bin trong thC php:histogram varname [if] [in] [weight] [, [continuous_opts |discrete_opts] options]continuous_opts: bin(#), width(#), start(#) Vi cc bin l lin tcbin(#): # l s lng ct hin th trn ha, nu khng xc nh bin(#) th mc nh s lng bin c tnh theo cng thc sau: # = min{sqrt(N), 10 ln(N)/ln(10)} vi N l s quan st.width(#): # rng ca tng ct ci ny ph thuc vo s lng ctstart(#): Mc nh # l gi tr nh nht ca bin cn v

Biu Histogram (tip)discrete_opts: vi cc bin l ri rcdiscrete: bin s liu l bin ri rcwidth(#) v start(#): cng tng t nh la chn lin tcoptions:density: chiu cao ca bin (trc ng) n v trn thang o l mt (tng din tch cc ct cng th bng 1) Nu chng ta khng chn mt la chn no th desity l mc nh c chn.fraction: n v thang o l phn s tng chiu cao ca cc ct cng li bng 1.frequency: n v trn thang o l tn sut, tng s chiu cao ca cc ct bng vi tng s quan st (observations) ca bin .

Biu Histogram (tip)options:percent: n v trn thang o l phn trm, tng s chiu cao ca cc ct bng 100.gap(#): Khong cch gia cc ct, 0

Biu Histogram(tip)Kt hp vi by(): Chng ta c th v th theo bin ri rc no bng cch s dng by()V d: trong s liu stock 2 final.dta, q33 Nm sinh, q34 Gii tnhhistogram q33histogram q33, percent ylabels(0 (1) 10),grid) addlabels normal by(q34)histogram q1, discrete percent addlabels xlabels(1 (1) 3, valuelabel)

Biu 2 chiu ( Kt hp 2 bin) graph twowayBiu m my im (scatterplots)Biu ng thng (Line Plots)Biu ct (bar plots)Lin kt nhiu biu trn mt trc

Biu m my im (Scatterplot)C php:[twoway] scatter varlist [if] [in] [weight] [, options]Biu m my (phn tn) scatter c th c nhiu cch gi ti dng lnh nhgraph two scatter .twoway scatter .scatter .

Biu m my im (Scatterplot) Bn cnh biu scatter c th kt hp cng vi mt s biu khc trong twoway nh line, lfit vi c php sau:twoway (scatter ) (line ) (lfit .) hoc cch 2 ngn gn hn.scatter . || line . || lfit. || varlist l c dng: y1 [y2[]] x

Biu m my im (Scatterplot)Mt s options:msymbol(symbolstylelist):

Biu m my im (Scatterplot)mlabel(varlist): xc nh gi tr ca bin cn hin thchng ta cng c th kt hp vi by().xscale () v yscale() : nhn cc gi tr: nolog mc nh, log iu chnh theo mt xut hin cc gi tr ca bin trong 1 khong nht nh , cui cng l la chn reverse gi tr trn trc s hin th t max min. V d: chng ta xem 2 v d sau

Biu my im (Scatterplot)V d 1: V biu scatter n gin dng s liu autoscatter mpg weight // v th n ginV d 2: Thm la chn msymbol()scatter mpg weight msymbol(plus)V d 3: Thm la chn mlabel()scatter mpg weight msymbol(plus) mlabel(mpg)V d 4: thm la chn xscale iu chnh khong cch trn trc ta scatter mpg weight, xscale(log)

Biu ng thng(Line plot)C php : [twoway] line varlist [if] [in] [, options]varlist: y1 [y2[..]] x Chng ta s dng s liu trong h thngsysuse uslifeexpline le year ( y, chng ta c th g line hoc twoway line, graph twoway line u c)Ch : Nhiu trng hp, bn phi sp xp bin trc x hoc bn phi c la chn sort trong biu line. sysuse auto, clear line mpg weight

Biu ng thng (tip)Chng ta c th kt hp cc loi biu dng twoway vo trong mt biu (uslifeexp)gen diff = le_wm - le_bmlabel var diff "Differenceline le_wm year|| line le_bm year || line diff year || lfit diff year

Biu ct (bar plot)C php:twoway bar yvar xvar [if] [in] [, options]Options:vertical: th hin th hnh ct theo chiu thng ng. Mc nhhorizontal: th hin th hnh ct theo chiu ngangCc la chn khc ca tng t nh histogram

Biu ct (bar plot) tipV d: s dng s liu sp500 v biu bar gi thay i (bin change) theo ngy (bin date)twoway bar change date in 1/52

Lin kt thChng ta c th lin 2 hay nhiu th vo trong cng mt trc to C php: c 2 cchtwoway (scatter ) (line ) (lfit .) hocscatter . || line . || lfit. || V d:twoway line close datetwoway line close date, yaxis(1) || bar change date, yaxis(2) || in 1/52, yscale(axis(1) r(1000 1400)) ylabel(1200(50)1400, axis(1)) yscale(axis(2) r(-50 300)) ylable(-50 0 50, axis(2)) ytick(-50(25)50, axis(2) grid) yline(1150, axis(1))

Biu matrixMa trnC php: y l th m rng ca scatter 2 chiugraph matrix varlist [if] [in] [weight] [, options]

v d: s dng autosysuse auto, cleargraph mat mpg price weight length, ms(Oh)

Biu hnh hp (Box Plot)C 2 kiu biu hnh hp:graph box yvars [if] [in] [weight] [, options] graph hbox yvars [if] [in] [weight] [, options] ng dng: ch yu so snh phn phi ca bin ny so vi bin kia.

Biu hnh hp (Box Plot)over(varname) vi varname l bin ri rc, v d bin gii tnh s chia th thnh nhm th l nam v nV d: dy s sau 1,4,6,12,16,23,24graph box var

Biu hnh trn (Pie Chart)Hin th cc phn ca hnh trn theo n v phn trm hoc gi tr ca tng bin (trong tng gi tr ca cc bin) ca mi bin.Ch : theo c php ny th cc bin trong varlist phi cng n vgraph pie varlist [if] [in] [weight] [, options]

Biu hnh trn (Pie Chart)Hin th cc phn ca hnh trn theo phn trm hoc gi tr ca bin theo bin ri rc trong over() graph pie varname [if] [in] [weight], over(varname) [options]Hin th cc phn ca hnh trn theo tn sut ca bin ri rc bn trong overgraph pie [if] [in] [weight], over(varname) [options]

Biu hnh trn (Pie Chart)Mt s option chnhover(varname): bin ri rcangle0(#): # l nghing ca slice u tin, mc nh l 90 missing: bn mun hin th gi tr missing trn biu

Biu hnh trn (Pie Chart)plabel({#|_all} {sum|percent|name|"text"} [, plabel_subopts]): 1

Biu hnh trn (Pie Chart)sysuse autogen price1 = price if price < 5000gen price2 = price if price =5000gen price3 = price if price >=8000graph pie price1 price2 price3 // th n gin loi 1graph pie price1 price2 price3, plabel(_all percent)// thm cc nhn cho thgraph pie price1 price2 price3, plabel(_all percent) by( foreign, total)// Kt hp vi by()

Biu hnh ct (Bar Chart)C php:graph bar yvars [if] [in] [weight] [, options]graph hbar yvars [if] [in] [weight] [, options]yvars:(stat): vi stat l: mean median p1 p2 ... p99 sum count min maxOptions:over( varname): varname l bin ri rc, v bn c th kt hp c nhiu over()by(varname): cng tng t nh over(varname)blabel():Mc nh l none, bar v total

Biu hnh ct (Bar Chart)sysuse autograph bar (mean) price weight, over(foreign)graph bar (mean) price weight (median) price weight, over(foreign)// Kt hp v c th trung bnh v phng saigraph bar (mean) price weight, over(foreign) blabel (bar) // Thm phn trm trn cc ct

Lu li thV thgraph pie price1 price2 price3, plabel(_all percent) by(foreign, total)Lu li thgraph save "E:\graph1.gph, replaceS dng th graph use "E:\graph1.gphhoc cch rt n gin l khi v th xong bn vo menu ca th chn save l ok.

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