Le_Van_Ngoc_Mai_De Tai Bao Ve Luan Van

8/8/2019 Le_Van_Ngoc_Mai_De Tai Bao Ve Luan Van

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LI M U

L do chn ti

Mc tiu m ng v Nh nc ta t ra cho n nm 2020 l phi hon thnh

nhim v cng nghip ho - hin i ho t nc, a Vit Nam t mt nc

nng nghip tr thnh mt nc cng nghip tin tin. Tuy nhin, vi xut pht

im thp, nn kinh t cn ngho, ngun nhn lc cht lng cao cha nhiu,

cn rt nhiu vn cho qu trnh xy dng v pht trin kinh t - x hi, tnh hnh

kinh t kh khn trong thi gian qua cng vi xu hng hi nhp kinh t quc

t gy p lc ln cho qu trnh thc hin mc tiu . c bit l v yu t

vn, cn c nhng gii php lm sao c th huy ng c mt lng vn

ln, m bo cung ng cho vic xy dng v pht trin khng ngng nn

kinh t l mt vn nan gii. V vy, cc nh ch ti chnh v Ngn hng c

mt v tr rt quan trng, nh hng trc tip ti vic thc hin thnh cng con

ng mi nm ti. Tuy nhin, i vi cc Ngn hng trong nc, cn rt

nhiu vn phi gii quyt c th tn ti v pht trin. Mi mt Ngn hngmun to dng cho mnh mt ch ng vng chc, cn thit phi ci tin, nng

cao cht lng qun tr hot ng Ngn hng. Huy ng vn - mt trong nhng

hot ng gi vai tr trng tm ca Ngn hng - ang tr thnh hot ng c

cc Ngn hng quan tm nhiu nht, c bit trong tnh hnh khan him vn

nh hin nay. Tng cng huy ng vn ti NHTM khng ch p ng vn cho

nn kinh t m cn gip cho hot ng kinh doanh ca Ngn hng c an ton

v hiu qu hn. V vy vn tm ra nhng gii php hon thin cng tc

huy ng vn tr nn v cng thit thc v cp bch. Trc thc tin nh vy,

em quyt nh chn ti: Mt s gii php nng cao kh nng huy ng

vn ti Ngn hng TMCP Hng Hi Vit Nam lm ti cho lun vn tt

nghip ca mnh.

Mc tiu nghin cu


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T nhng vn nghin cu trong l thuyt, phn tch thc trng huy ng vn

ti Martime Bank, qua ra cc gii php nhm tng cng huy ng vn

mt cch hiu qu nht.

i tng v phm vi nghin cu

ti tp trung nghin cu cc vn c bn v cng tc huy ng vn

t bn ngoi ca NHTM. nh gi thc trng huy ng vn ti Maritime Bank

trong giai on 2006-2009 qua cc kha cnh qui m, c cu huy ng vn,

hiu qu s dng ngun vn. T tm ra nhng u im, hn ch, nguyn

nhn ca nhng tn ti trong hot ng huy ng vn ti Maritime Bank a

ra mt s kin ngh gp phn khc phc, nng cao hiu qu hot ng huy ngvn ca cc Maritime Bank.

Phngphp nghin cu

Lun vn s dng cc phng php khoa hc: phng php phn tch, so

snh v tng hp. S dng s liu thng k lun chng.

ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti

Phn tch thc trng huy ng vn ti maritime Bank, tm ra c nhc im

cn khc phc.

xut cc gii php tng cng huy ng vn mt cch hiu qu vi chi ph

thp nht.

B cc ca lun vn

Li m u

Chng 1: Khi qut v vn v huy ng vn ti NHTM

Chng 2: Thc trng huy ng vn ti Maritime BankChng 3: Gii php tng cng huy ng vn ti Maritime Bank.

Kt lun


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MC LC

Trang

LI M U .....................................................................................................i

MC LC .........................................................................................................iii

DANH SCH BNG BIU ..............................................................................vi

CC CH VIT TT ......................................................................................vii

KHI QUT V NGUN VN V HUY NG VN CA NGN HNG

THNG MI ..................................................................................................1

1.1. NGUN VN CA NGN HNG THNG MI ......................1

1.1.1. Vn ch s hu ..............................................................................1

1.1.2. Vn huy ng .................................................................................3

1.1.3. Vn i vay ......................................................................................3

1.2. HUY NG VN ............................................................................6

1.2.1. Khi nim huy ng vn ................................................................61.2.2. Cc sn phm huy ng vn ...........................................................6

1.3. CC YU T NH HNG N KH NNG HUY NG

VN CA NGN HNG .....................................................................11

1.3.1. Yu t khch quan ........................................................................11

1.3.2. Yu t ch quan ..........................................................................14

1.4. VAI TR HUY NG VN CA NHTM ...................................16

KT LUN CHNG 1 .......................................................................19

THC TRNG HUY NG VN TI NGN HNG THNG MI C

PHN HNG HI VIT NAM .......................................................................20

2.1. KHI QUT V NGN HNG TMCP HNG HI ...................20

2.1.1. S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ...................................20

2.1.2. C cu t chc ca NHTM CP Hng Hi ....................................22


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2.1.3. Tim lc ti chnh ca Ngn hng thng mi c phn Hng Hi

(MSB) ....................................................................................................23

2.1.4. Kt qu hot ng nhng nm qua ...............................................24

2.2. THC TRNG HUY NG VN TI MSB ............................ ..27

2.2.1. Cc loi sn phm huy ng vn ..................................................27

2.2.2. Kt qu huy ng vn ti Ngn hng ...........................................32

2.3. NH GI HOT NG HUY NG VN CA MSB ...........39

2.3.1. Nhng thnh qu t c ...........................................................39

2.3.2. Mt s hn ch trong vic huy ng vn ca MSB ......................41

2.3.3. Nguyn nhn ca nhng hn ch ..................................................44KT LUN CHNG 2 .......................................................................46

MT S GII PHP NNG CAO KH NNG HUY NG VN TI

NGN HNG THNG MI C PHN HNG HI VIT NAM .............47

3.1. NH HNG PHT TRIN CA NGN HNG TMCP

TRONG THI GIAN TI .....................................................................47

3.2. MT S GII PHP NNG CAO KH NNG HUY NG

VN TI NGN HNG TMCP HNG HI VIT NAM ..................49

3.2.1. Xy dng sn phm tin gi k hn ph hp vi nhu cu thc t

ca khch hng .......................................................................................49

3.2.2. y mnh cc hot ng qung co, tip th ca Ngn hng .... .. .49

3.2.3. M rng mng li hot ng khng ch trong nc m cn vn

ra th trng nc ngoi .........................................................................51

3.2.4. Chnh sch li sut huy ng linh hot, ph hp ..........................51

3.2.5. Gia tng tin ch v tnh cht ca sn phm huy ng ..................53

3.2.6. Hn ch dng vn ngn hn cho vay di hn ...........................54

3.2.7. Mt s gii php khc ..................................................................55

3.3. MT S KIN NGH ....................................................................56

3.3.1. Kin ngh i vi Chnh ph v Ngn hng Nh nc .................56

3.3.2. Kin ngh i vi NHTMCP Hng Hi ........................................58KT LUN CHNG 3 .......................................................................61


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KT LUN ......................................................................................................62

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO ..........................................................64


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DANH SCH BNG BIU

Danh sch cc bngBng 2.1. Cho vay v u t trong tng ti sn ......................24

Bng 2.2. Mt s ch tiu hot ng ca MSB..................................................25

Bng 2.3. C cu ngun thu ca MSB..............................................................25

Bng 2.4. Li sut huy ng tin gi tit kim theo tun.................................29

Bng 2.5. Li sut huy ng tin gi tit kim theo thng................................30

Bng 2.6. Bng li sut huy ng USD.............................................................30

Bng 2.7. Li sut huy ng vn t chng ch tin gi.....................................31

Bng 2.8. C cu ngun vn huy ng.............................................................32

Bng 2.9. Mc tng gim ngun vn .....................35

Bng 2.10. Kt qu ngun vn huy ng theo loi tin....................................35

Bng 2.11. Kt qu ngun vn huy ng theo sn phm..................................37

Bng 2.12. Kt qu huy ng vn theo k hn.................................................38

Bng 2.13. C cu cho vay v huy ng theo k hn.......................................43

Danh sch cc biu


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CC CH VIT TT

ALCO y ban kim sot hot ng Ngn hng

BCTC Bo co ti chnh

CAR T l an ton vn ti thiu

CCTG Chng ch tin gi

DNNN Doanh nghip nh nc

L/C Th tn dng

Maritime Bank Ngn hng thng mi c phn Hng Hi Vit Nam

MSB Ngn hng thng mi c phn Hng Hi Vit Nam

NH Ngn hng

NHCP Ngn hng c phn

NHNN Ngn hng nh nc

NHTM Ngn hng thng mi

NHTMCP Ngn hng thng mi c phn

NHTW Ngn hng Trung ng

TK Tit kim

TT Thanh ton

USD ng la M

VCSH Vn ch s hu

VND Vit Nam ng


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KHI QUT V NGUN VN V HUY NG

VN CA NGN HNG THNG MI


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1.1. NGUN VN CA NGN HNG THNG MI

Khi nim ngun vn: Ngun vn ca NHTM l nhng gi tr tin t do

NHTM to lp hoc huy ng c, dng cho vay, u t, hoc thc hin

cc dch v kinh doanh khc. N bao gm: Vn ch s hu, vn huy ng v

vn vay.

1.1.1. Vn ch s hu

Bao gm cc thnh phn chnh sau:

1.1.1.1. Ngun vn hnh thnh ban uNgun vn ban u hay Vn iu l ca mi Ngn hng c hnh thnh

do tnh cht s hu ca Ngn hng quyt nh.

i vi cc NHTM Nh nc th 100% vn ban u l vn do Nh nc

cp.

i vi cc NHTM c phn th vn c hnh thnh do s ng gp ca

cc c ng di hnh thc pht hnh c phiu.

i vi cc NHTM lin doanh th vn l do s ng gp ca cc bn

lin doanh.

Vn ca Ngn hng t nhn li chnh l vn thuc s hu ca ch Ngn

hng.

Vn do ch s hu gp hay c cp nh nu trn gi l vn iu l,

ngoi ra vn ch s hu ca NH cn bao gm thng d vn c phn, li

nhun cha phn phi v cc qu d tr.

1.1.1.2. Ngun b sung trong qu trnh hot ng

Gia tng vn ch s hu l mt hot ng c ngha rt quan trng i

vi mi Ngn hng. Vn ch s hu cng ln th uy tn cng nh sc mnh ca

Ngn hng trn th trng cng ln. tng vn ch s hu, cc Ngn hng

thng ly t cc ngun sau:


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- Ngun t li nhun: Khi Ngn hng hot ng c li nhun th lnh

o Ngn hng thng c xu hng gia tng vn ch s hu bng cch chuyn

mt phn thu nhp rng thnh VCSH thng qua hnh thc li nhun gi li.

Vic ny c ngha tch cc vi mi Ngn hng v n gp phn to thm s an

tm vi cc khch hng, ng thi gip Ngn hng tch lu tin nng cao an

ton hot ng v u t c s vt cht, trang thit b ca Ngn hng nhm to

ra mt hnh nh Ngn hng p hn, uy tn v c tim lc ti chnh mnh m

hn.

- Ngun vn b sung t pht hnh thm c phn , gp thm, cp thm

m rng quy m hot ng ca Ngn hng hoc p ng yu cu gia tng

vn ch do Ngn hng nh nc quy nh. Tuy nhin ngun vn ny khng

khng phi lc no cng c c. i vi cc Ngn hng Nh nc, vic c

cp thm vn tu thuc vo chnh sch ca nh nc mi nm. Cn i vi cc

Ngn hng c phn, vic tng thm vn iu l bng cch pht hnh thm c

phiu mi i hi s cn nhc ca hi ng qun tr Ngn hng. Khng phi lc

no mt Ngn hng cng c th pht hnh thm c phiu mi v vic ny c th

gy ra nhiu tc ng khng tt nh: gi c phiu Ngn hng trn th trng b

gim do hiu ng pha long, c tc ca c ng t i

- Cc qu: Cc qu ca Ngn hng c lp ra vi nhiu mc ch, nhm h tr

cho cc hot ng khc nhau ca Ngn hng. Nhng qu ny u c hnh

thnh t thu nhp ca Ngn hng. Bao gm nhng qu chnh nh:

Qu d phng tn tht: c trch lp hng nm v c tch ly li

nhm b p nhng tn tht v s xy ra.

Qu bo ton vn: nhm b p hao mn ca vn di tc ng ca lm

pht.

Qu thng d: l phn nh gi li ti sn ca Ngn hng v chnh lch

gia th gi vi mnh gi c phiu khi pht hnh c phiu mi.

Ngoi ra, cc Ngn hng cn c th c qu phc li, qu khen thng, qugim c


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Ta c th xc nh vn ch s hu ca Ngn hng theo cng thc sau:

VCSH =

Vn iu l

( cp hay gp)

+

Thng d vn

(ch c i viNHCP)

+

Cc

qu dtr

+

Li nhun

cha phnphi

Tm li, vn ch s hu cng ln, sc chu ng ca Ngn hng trc

nhng bin ng ca nn kinh t trong giai on kh khn cng cao cng nh

kh nng to ra li nhun cho Ngn hng cng ln. Tuy nhin, khng phi lc

no vn ch s hu ln cng tt v nu n qu ln th li nhun chia cho cc c

ng cng s gim, gi c phiu cng s gim theo.

1.1.2. Vn huy ng

Vn huy ng l b phn ln nht trong tng ngun vn ca Ngn hng

thng mi. Vi vic huy ng vn, Ngn hng c c quyn s dng vn v

c trch nhim phi hon tr c gc ln li ng hn cho ngi gi. Ngn hng

c th huy ng vn t dn c, cc t chc kinh t -x hi... vi nhiu hnh

thc khc nhau. Bao gm: Tin gi ca c nhn, doanh nghip di cc hnh

thc sau:

Tin gi giao dch

Tin gi tit kim

Tin gi c k hn

Pht hnh cc cng c n

c im ca cc loi tin gi trn s c nu ti mc 1.2.2.

1.1.3. Vn i vay

Bn cnh vic huy ng tin gi, nhiu lc cc Ngn hng cng phi i

vay m bo thanh ton, m bo d tr bt buc... Cc Ngn hng c th:

1.1.3.1. Vay Ngn hng Trung ng

NHTW l Ngn hng ca cc Ngn hng, l ngi cho vay cui cngca cc NHTM. Thng thng cc NHTM v mt s t chc ti chnh khc


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trong nc c NHTW cho php thnh lp u c hng quyn vay ti

Ngn hng NHTW trong nhng tnh hung thiu ht d tr hoc qu kt vn.

i vi cc NHTM th vay mn ti NHTW l mt dch v kh tin li nu

NHTW ang h li sut ti chit khu, ti cp vn trong chnh sch tin t ni

lng kch thch u t. Nhng trng hp khng may din ra l cc Ngn

hng n vay vo lc NHTW khng mun khuyn khch s bnh trng ca

tn dng, hay ang mun tht cht cung ng tin t chng lm pht, lc ,

li sut chit khu, li sut ti cp vn c y ln cao v cc Ngn hng s

ch min cng vay trong nhng tnh hung kh khn ng thi s tm mi

cch tr n nhanh nht. Nhng khi y, cc khon vay t NHTW ch chimmt phn rt nh trong ti sn n ca cc Ngn hng.

NHTW cp tn dng cho cc NHTM qua cc hnh thc:

Ti cp vn: l hnh thc cp tn dng c bo m ca NHTW cho

cc NHTM nhm cung ng vn ngn hn v cc phng tin thanh

ton cho cc Ngn hng.

Ti chit khu: l vic NHTW thc hin vic mua li cc giy t cgi cn thi hn thanh ton v ng tin cy thuc s hu ca cc

Ngn hng theo t sut ti chit khu nht nh. Thng thng

NHTW ch chit khu cho cc thng phiu c cht lng (c thi

hn o hn ngn, kh nng tr n cao) v ph hp vi mc tiu ca

NHTW trong tng thi k. C hai hnh thc ti chit khu:

-

Ti chit khu ton b thi hn cn li: chnh l vic NHTW muahn cc giy t c gi ngn hn (ti chit khu khng hon li).

- Ti chit khu c k hn: l vic NHTW mua li cc giy t c gi

km theo cam kt ca t chc bn giy t l s mua li vo mt

ngy nht nh. Nu n hn m t chc tn dng khng mua li th

NHNN s l ch s hu hp php giy t c gi, c hng ton

b cc quyn v li ch pht sinh.


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Th chp hay ng trc c bo m hoc khng c bo m: y l

hnh thc cho vay thi hn ngn, con n khng bn cc phiu n cho

NHTW m ch em gi cc phiu lm vt bo m cho vic vay

tin.

Vit Nam hin nay, c cc loi cho vay ca NHTW i vi cc

NHTM nh sau:

Cho vay b sung ngun vn tn dng ngn hn : l hnh thc ti tr

vn theo k hoch, ch phn phi i vi cc Ngn hng thng mi

quc doanh.

Chit khu v ti chit khu kho bc, kh c m cc Ngn hng

cho khch hng vay nhng cha o hn v cc thng phiu.

Cho vay b sung thanh ton b tr ca cc t chc tn dng.

1.1.3.2. Vay trn th trng lin Ngn hng

Khi vay tin t NHTW p ng thiu ht d tr hay chi tr cp bch

gp phi kh khn do li sut ti chit khu qu cao hoc iu kin vay mnqu cht ch.. cc NHTM thng vay mn ln nhau trn th trng lin Ngn

hng. Qu trnh vay mn ny rt n gin. Ngn hng vay ch cn lin h trc

tip vi Ngn hng cho vay hoc thng qua Ngn hng i l (hoc NHTW).

Khon vay c th khng cn bo m hoc c bo m bng cc chng

khon ca kho bc. Thng thng, cc Ngn hng ang c d tr vt yu cu

s sn lng cho cc Ngn hng khc vay tm kim li sut cao hn. Ngc

li, cc Ngn hng ang thiu ht d tr c nhu cu vay mn tc thi m

bo thanh khon. Vic vay mn gia cc Ngn hng l hot ng thng

xuyn v l mt knh huy ng vn tt cho cc Ngn hng trong nhng trng

hp cn vn khn cp v thi hn ngn.

1.1.3.3. Vay n khc

Ngoi nhng ngun vn i vay c bn trn, Ngn hng cn c cc ngun

vn vay khc nh:


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Ngun u thc: NHTM thc hin cc dch v u thc nh u thc cho

vay, u thc u t.Trong , U thc u t l dch v kh hp dn ca

Ngn hng. Vi dch v ny, khch hng u thc tin bc, ti sn ca mnh cho

Ngn hng tin hnh u t vo nhng d n kh thi sinh li. Ngn hng vi

li th v uy tn v thng tin cng nh kh nng thm nh d n tt s tin

hnh hot ng u t c hiu qu hn, mang li thu nhp cho khch hng,

ng thi thu li cho chnh mnh qua ph dch v. Trong tng lai, dch v U

thc u t ha hn rt pht trin, l mt ngun thu ht vn kh tt v tr thnh

mt sn phm cnh tranh hp dn khng km sn phm tin gi.

Ngun trong thanh ton: Cc hot ng thanh ton khng dng tin mt

c th hnh thnh ngun trong thanh ton (sc trong qu trnh chi tr, tin k

qu L/C). c im ca ngun ny l thi gian tn ti ngn v phn ln

chng u trong trng thi ch lun chuyn, do , cc Ngn hng t khi s

dng chng cho vay lu di m ch b sung thm ngun thi im hin

ti.

Ngun khc: Cc khon n khc nh Thu cha np, lng cn b nhnvin cha try l ngun m Ngn hng tm thi chim dng, khng c nh

hng ng k ti ngun vn cng nh hot ng huy ng vn ca Ngn

hng.

1.2. HUY NG VN

1.2.1. Khi nim huy ng vn

Huy ng vn l vic cc NH vay n t nn kinh t, ni dung kha lun

ny tp trung vo vic gia tng cc loi ngun nh: tin gi giao dch, tin gi

tit kim, tin gi k hn v pht hnh cc cng c n.

1.2.2. Cc sn phm huy ng vn

Vn huy ng c ngha quyt nh n kh nng hot ng ca mi

Ngn hng nn nghip v huy ng vn l nghip v quan trng ca Ngn hng

thng mi. Cc hnh thc huy ng vn nh hng rt ln n qui m v c

cu vn huy ng c, v vy, vic a ra cc hnh thc huy ng ph hp,


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linh hot l iu ht sc cn thit i vi cc Ngn hng, bi nh vy h mi

khai thc c ht cc ngun vn t cc doanh nghip v c nhn trong mi

thnh phn kinh t. Ngun tin c truyn ti n Ngn hng theo nhiu knh

khc nhau, vi cc hnh thc phn loi khc nhau.

1.2.1.1. Phn loi sn phm theo mc ch huy ng

Nu phn loi theo mc ch huy ng th bao gm cc hnh thc sau:

Tin gi giao dch

y l tin ca doanh nghip hoc c nhn gi vo Ngn hng nhm

mc ch chi tr tin hng ha dch v. c im ca tin gi giao dch:

L ngun vn c chi ph thp

Khch hng gi tin nhm mc ch thanh ton v c s dng cc

phng tin thanh ton.

Khch hng c gi tin vo hoc rt tin ra bt k lc no m

khng cn phi bo trc.

L khon tin gi t nhy cm vi li sut v mc ch gi tin khng

phi l kim li t li sut.

Tin gi tit kim

Tin gi tit kim l loi tin gi khch hng gi vo nhm mc ch

dnh, an ton v sinh li. Do lng tin nhn ri ny ca dn c c gi vi

thi gian c nh nn y l lng vn chim t trng ln v rt quan trng choNgn hng s dng trong hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh. Hn na nhng cuc

khng hong ti chnh - tin t ca cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii thi

gian qua minh chng rng nc ta khng th v khng nn hon ton mong

i s tng trng, pht trin nhanh v vng chc nh vo ngun vn u t t

nc ngoi m phi tch cc m rng cng tc huy ng vn t ni b nn kinh

t trong nc. Thc t cho thy, mt nn kinh t pht trin n nh v bn vng

khi ngun tin u t ch yu phi l t tit kim ca dn chng, tit kim

ca nn kinh t.


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y cng l mt dng ca tin gi c k hn nhng c mt s im khc

bit theo quy nh ca vn bn php lut m Ngn hng Nh nc quy nh.

c im ca tin gi tit kim: Khch hng gi tin vo NH dnh hoc tch ly dn thu nhp

ca mnh.

Khch hng gi tin vo NH vi mc ch an ton v sinh li.

Khch hng khng c s dng cc phng tin thanh ton.

Tin gi c k hn

Tin gi c k hn l loi tin gi ca c nhn, doanh nghip, nhng ch

th k hoch ha c dng tin trong tng lai. Ngun vn ny thng c

k hn xc nh trc vi mt li sut cao hn nhiu so vi li sut ca tin gi

giao dch. V nguyn tc, khch hng s khng th rt tin ra trc hn c

nhng trn thc t, do qui lut cnh tranh chi phi, nhiu NHTM vn cho php

khch hng rt tin ra trc hn nhng c hng li sut thp c th huy

ng c nhiu vn hn.

Mc ch gi tin c k hn khc hn vi tin gi khng k hn, ch

tin gi khng k hn khng phi l tin dnh m l b phn tin t ang

ch thanh ton trong khi mc ch ca khch hng gi tin c k hn l

hng li.

y l ngun vn tn dng mang tnh cht n nh v c cc Ngn

hng s dng mt cch ch ng cho vay.

Pht hnh cc cng c n

huy ng c lng vn di do p ng nhu cu cho vay thng

xuyn (c bit l cho vay trung v di hn), bn cnh vic thu ht tin gi, cc

Ngn hng thng ch ng i vay trn th trng vn. Cng ging nh cc

doanh nghip, Ngn hng vay mn bng cch pht hnh cc giy n (k phiu,

tn phiu, tri phiu ) trn th trng. Thng thng y l cc khon vay c

m bo bng chnh uy tn ca Ngn hng, nn nhng Ngn hng ln c uy tn


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hoc tr li sut cao hn s vay c nhiu hn. Cc Ngn hng nh thng

kh vay mn trc tip bng cch ny m thng phi thng qua Ngn hng

i l hoc c s bo lnh ca mt Ngn hng khc.

Ngun vn t pht hnh cc cng c n tng i n nh v c s

dng cho mt mc ch nht nh. Li sut ca cc cng c n ph thuc vo

s cp thit ca vic huy ng vn nn thng cao hn li sut tin gi c k

hn thng thng.

Cc cng c n do Ngn hng thng mi pht hng bao gm tn phiu,

tri phiu, chng ch tin gi, k phiu.

c im chung ca cc loi cng c n trn l c tnh n nh v Ngn

hng c th ch ng trong vic s dng ngun vn ny. Ngoi ra, n cng c

tnh thanh khon kh cao, v ngi mua cng c n c th chuyn nhng, cm

c khi c nhu cu v vn m cc cng c n ny cha o hn thanh ton.

Do , vn thu c t pht hnh chng cc cng c ny gip Ngn hng

ch ng trong vic kinh doanh hn so vi vn t tin gi c k hn, nhng

thng c mc li sut cao hn, tn chi ph cho vic in n, pht hnh, mt nhiuthi gian hn v quy m khch hng cng nh hn.

Tn phiu Ngn hng (Bill): l loi cng c n ngn hn (c thi hn

t 12 thng tr xung) c Ngn hng pht hnh trn th trng

tin t nhm huy ng vn ti tr cho cc mc tiu ngn hn, nh

b sung vn tm thi thiu ht, cho vay ngn hn,...

Tri phiu Ngn hng (Bond): l loi cng c n trung v di hn,

c pht hnh trn th trng vn nhm ti tr cho cc mc tiu lu

di, nh khi cn tng vn iu l, b sung vn u t, lin doanh,

lin kt hay cho vay cc d n c thi hn vay di,

Chng ch tin gi (CD Certificate of Deposit): chng thc vic

khch hng c gi tin vo Ngn hng. i vi nhng ngi s

hu, n l mt khon u t, mt khon cho Ngn hng vay vili sut c nh. y l loi vn ngn hn, thng dng gii


18/74

10

quyt nhng nhu cu v tin mt. Loi ti sn n ny, i vi

Ngn hng l mt hnh thc ca tin gi c k hn, im khc

bit l n c in sn mnh gi v thi gian o hn.

1.2.1.2. Phn loi sn phm theo i tng khch hng

Khch hng l nhn t cc k quan trng trong hot ng ca Ngn

hng, tuy nhin cc i tng khch hng li rt a dng. Chnh v vy, hot

ng ca Ngn hng s c t chc theo nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, tu thuc

vo tng i tng c th. i vi hot ng huy ng vn, da theo i tng

khch hng, c th chia thnh cc hnh thc sau: Tin gi ca c nhn; Tin gi

ca doanh nghip v cc t chc kinh t khc.

Tin gi ca c nhn

Khch hng c nhn chim mt phn rt ln trong i tng phc v v

nhm n ca Ngn hng. Chnh v vy, cc hot ng dch v ca Ngn hng

vi i tng khch hng ny cng rt a dng v phong ph, c bit i vi

hot ng huy ng vn. Vi mc ch gi tin ch yu l tit kim, an ton v

sinh li, khch hng c nhn em li mt lng vn huy ng ng k cho

Ngn hng vi s tin nhn ri ca mnh.

Tin gi ca doanh nghip

Khng ch khch hng c nhn mi ng vai tr quan trng trong hot

ng ca Ngn hng m cc doanh nghip cng nh cc t chc kinh t khc

cng gp phn to nn s a dng trong hot ng ca Ngn hng.

Trong hot ng huy ng vn ca Ngn hng, lng vn huy ng t

khch hng l doanh nghip v cc t chc kinh t khc cng chim mt t

trng ln.

Tuy nhin mc ch gi tin ca i tng khch hng ny khc so vi

khch hng c nhn nn Ngn hng ch s dng c mt phn nh trong lng

vn huy ng c, l s d trn ti khon ca cc doanh nghip cng nh

ca cc t chc kinh t. Bi v mc ch gi tin ca i tng khch hng ny

l s dng cc phng tin thanh ton cng nh tin hnh cc giao dch khc


19/74

11

thi gian gi l khng c nh v vy gy kh khn cho Ngn hng trong vic

em i u t sinh li. Tuy nhin, khng phi lc no cc doanh nghip cng

gi tin vi mc ch thanh ton, bi s tin nhn ri s c hng li cao hn

rt nhiu nu doanh nghip gi tin gi c k hn. Hin nay, mt s Ngn hng

cn cho php khch hng doanh nghip m ti khon tit kim, tuy cha chim

t trng ln trong tng ngun huy ng nhng cng l mt cch huy ng

c tnh cnh tranh v c tim nng pht trin trong tng lai.

Tin gi ca cc t chc tn dng khc

Thng thng, tin gi ca cc t chc tn dng khc l vn vay ca

Ngn hng thng mi i vi cc t chc nhm to thanh khon cho Ngn

hng. Ngoi ra, mt phn rt ln khon tin gi l nhm mc ch m bo

s thanh ton thun tin cho cc khch hng c nhu cu s dng dch v ca

nhiu Ngn hng khc nhau v c giao dch vi nhiu Ngn hng. Tuy nhin

trong mt s trng hp, vi nhng Ngn hng c lng vn huy ng ln, h

c th em gi ti cc Ngn hng khc nhm mc ch hng mt phn li, v

gim bt c mt phn chi ph, em li li nhun cao hn cho Ngn hng.

1.3. CC YU T NH HNG N KH NNG HUY NG VN

CA NGN HNG

1.3.1. Yu t khch quan

y l cc yu t bn ngoi m khi tc ng n, cc Ngn hng hu

nh khng th chng c, y l cc ri ro khng th trnh khi. Ngn

hng ch c th nhn thc, d bo v tm cch gim thiu cc ri ro khi n xy

ra.

1.3.1.1. Php lut, chnh sch ca Nh nc

Php lut c t ra l iu chnh mi quan h x hi. Do vy tt c

mi hot ng ca Ngn hng u chu s iu chnh ca lut php. C th l

Lut cc t chc tn dng (ban hnh nm 1997 v sa i, b sung nm 2004),

Php lnh Ngn hng, hp tc x tn dng v cng ty ti chnh (1990), Lut

Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam (1998), cc vn bn php lut khc nh: ch th,


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12

thng t...ca Chnh ph, NHTW. Chng ta khng th ph nhn lnh vc hot

ng ca Ngn hng l v cng quan trng trong nn kinh t, v vy cc hot

ng ca Ngn hng lun c Nh nc qun l cht ch bng cc vn bn

php quy. Mi vn bn u c nh hng su sc n hot ng ca Ngn

hng, trong bao gm hot ng huy ng vn.

Chnh ph ra chnh sch tin t quc gia v h thng Ngn hng l

cng c c lc thc hin chnh sch . Chng hn khi nn kinh t lm pht

tng, Nh nc c chnh sch tht cht tin t bng cch tng li sut c bn,

tng d tr bt buc, tng li sut ti chit khu, thu ht tin ngoi x hi,

hn ch kh nng cung ng vn v cp tn dng ca NHTM. Hoc khi Nh

nc c chnh sch khuyn khch u t, m rng sn xut, NHTW s gim li

sut c bn, gim d tr bt buc, thc hin c ch h tr li sut cho cc

phng n vay vn kinh doanh,gip NHTM m rng ngun vn ca

mnh, gim thiu chi ph huy ng vn, to iu kin m rng quy m tn dng,

kch thch ngi sn xut vay vn kinh doanh, m rng sn xut..

Cc quy nh ca php lut i hi cc Ngn hng thng mi lun phitun th. Php lut quy nh tng s vn huy ng ca Ngn hng khng c

ln hn 20 ln vn ch s hu. Hay thng qua t l d tr bt buc, chnh ph

iu chnh vic cung ng tin cho nn kinh t. Vic iu chnh t l d tr bt

buc hay li sut ti chit khu l tu theo nh hng pht trin ca tng thi

k. Ngoi ra, cc chnh sch u t, u i, u tin pht trin mi nhn... cng

nh hng su sc ti vic huy ng vn ca Ngn hng thng mi. Ni

chung bt c Ngn hng thng mi no khi xy dng v thc hin k hoch

huy ng vn u phi xem xt cc quy nh ca lut php.

1.3.1.2. Tnh hnh chnh tr - kinh t - x hi trong v ngoi nc

C th ni tnh hnh kinh t - chnh tr - x hi l yu t khch quan i

vi tt c cc ngnh ngh kinh t, khng ring g Ngn hng. S n nh chnh

tr c trong v ngoi nc c tc ng rt r ti hot ng ca ngnh Ngn

hng. Cc cuc bi cng, biu tnh, sp chnh ph lun ko theo tnh trnghuy ng vn ca Ngn hng b tr tr bi ngi dn mt i lng tin Nh


21/74

13

nc v cc Ngn hng. Ngc li, s ng tm, nht tr, n nh trong b my

lnh o s lm cho cc Ngn hng thng mi huy ng vn c d dng

hn. V nh Achentina nm 2002, sau khi c nhng vn v chnh tr, ngi

dn ko n Ngn hng rt tin t lm cho c h thng Ngn hng chao o.

Hay cuc chin Iraq v gn y nht l cuc khng hong ti chnh th gii

xut pht t vic cho vay mua nh di chun M, nhng hu qu ca cc s

kin trn nh hng rt mnh n nn kinh t th gii, trong c s kh

khn v huy ng vn ca Ngn hng thng mi.

Nn kinh t vo trng thi tng trng hay suy thoi cng tc ng ti

vic huy ng vn ca Ngn hng. tnh trng tng trng, ngi dn cn

nhiu vn u t kinh doanh, m rng quy m, ci tin my mc, trang thit

bLc , cc Ngn hng phi huy ng nhiu vn p ng yu cu v

tng trng ca nn kinh t nhng ng thi cc NHTM cng cng c iu

kin huy ng hn do tch lu c nhiu hn. Ngc li, tnh trng suy

thoi, sn xut nh tr, u t b thu hp, vic huy ng vn ca Ngn hng s

tr nn kh khn.

1.3.1.3. Tm l, thi quen tiu dng ca ngi gi tin

Tp qun tiu dng ca ngi dn c tm nh hng rt quan trng i

vi vic huy ng vn ca Ngn hng. R rng nhng vng m ngi dn c

thi quen gi tin vo Ngn hng th Ngn hng s huy ng vn c d dng

hn nhiu so vi nhng vng ngi dn thng hay ct tr tin trong nh

bng vng, bt ng sn... ng thi, ngay thi quen thanh ton khi mua hng

ho cng gp phn lm tng hay gim ngun vn huy ng ca Ngn hng.

nhiu nc pht trin, vic thanh ton khng dng tin mt l ph bin, hu nh

ngi dn no cng c ti khon trong Ngn hng v Ngn hng l ci g

khng th thi c trong cuc sng ca h. Ngc li, mt s nc, thi

quen thanh ton bng tin mt vn cn n su th ngun vn huy ng ca Ngn

hng s gp kh khn. Cc tp qun tiu dng ny kh c th thay i trong

mt sm mt chiu. Do , m rng ngun vn huy ng, cc Ngn hng


22/74

14

phi n lc ht mnh: ci cch quy trnh, th tc, pht trin chnh sch khch

hng, m rng dch v, linh hot trong cc hnh thc huy ng tr li...

1.3.2. Yu t ch quan1.3.2.1. Chin lc kinh doanh ca Ngn hng

Chin lc kinh doanh c th ni l ng li, phng hng hot ng

cho mt Ngn hng. Mi Ngn hng c mt chin lc kinh doanh khc nhau.

iu ny ph thuc vo tng im mnh, im yu, kh nng cng nh hn ch

ca Ngn hng. Chin lc kinh doanh xc nh quy m huy ng c th m

rng hay thu hp, c cu vn c th thay i v t l cc loi ngun, chi ph

hot ng c th tng hay gim.

Chin lc kinh doanh c lin quan n huy ng vn bao gm: Chnh

sch v gi c, li sut tin gi, t l hoa hng v ph dch v. y l cc yu t

quan trng. Vi vic li sut huy ng tng th s dn n ngun vn vo Ngn

hng cng s tng rt ln. Do , s lng ngun vn huy ng c s ph

thuc ch yu vo chin lc kinh doanh hay ng hn l ph thuc vo chnh

bn thn Ngn hng.

1.3.2.2. Nng lc v trnh ca cn b Ngn hng

Khng ch ring Ngn hng m trong bt c hot ng no, ngnh ngh

no, yu t con ngi cng phi c t ln hng u. Cc cn b nhn vin

Ngn hng c nng lc s phn on, x l chnh xc cc tnh hung s lm cho

cc hot ng huy ng vn c thc hin mt cch tt p. Trnh ca cn

b Ngn hng cao s lm cho cc thao tc nghip v c thc hin nhanh

chng v hiu qu. Thi tip xc ca nhn vin vi khch hng cng rt

quan trng, n c th li ko khch hng lm tng ngun vn huy ng v

ngc li, cng c th lm khch hng ri b ngn hng, gy ra nhng hu qu

v cng nghim trng trong hot ng ca Ngn hng. Cc nhn vin Ngn

hng l nhng ngi mang hnh nh cho c Ngn hng. Do , tng cng

huy ng vn th mt iu cc k quan trng l cc nhn vin Ngn hng phi

c nhng tiu ch ca mt nhn vin Ngn hng chuyn nghip: Hiu bit


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15

khch hng, Hiu bit nghip v, Hiu bit quy trnh, Hon thin phong cch

phc v.

1.3.2.3. Uy tn ca Ngn hngUy tn ca Ngn hng l hnh nh ca Ngn hng trong lng khch hng,

l nim tin ca khch hng i vi Ngn hng. Uy tn ca mi Ngn hng c

xy dng bng c mt qu trnh lu di. Ngi gi tin khi gi thng la chn

nhng Ngn hng lu i ch khng phi l nhng Ngn hng mi thnh lp.

Ngn hng ln thng c u tin la chn so vi cc Ngn hng nh. Mt

iu quan trng nc ta l hnh thc s hu cng c nh hng quan trng ti

huy ng vn. Cc Ngn hng quc doanh bao gi cng c an ton cao hn

cho ngi gi tin, uy tn ca cc Ngn hng thng mi quc doanh cao hn

so vi cc Ngn hng khc. Nhng Ngn hng c uy tn lun chim c lng

tin ca khch hng, l tin cho vic h huy ng c nhng ngun vn ln

hn vi chi ph r hn.

1.3.2.4. Trnh cng ngh Ngn hng

C th ni cng ngh Ngn hng hin i khc xa so vi trc y. Vic

p dng my tnh l mt cuc cch mng trong hot ng ca Ngn hng. Nh

c h thng tin hc hin i, Ngn hng c th thu thp thng tin v khch

hng, v th trng tt. T , c th hoch nh ra cc hnh thc huy ng,

thi gian huy ng, hnh thc tr li,... khin cho Ngn hng c th nng cao

hiu qu huy ng vn.

Cc hnh thc thanh ton khng dng tin mt ngy cng tr nn phbin, l mt xu th tt yu. Vic thanh ton khng dng tin mt s khin

cho cc Ngn hng ngy cng gn lin vi cc hot ng x hi. Ngoi ra,

mng li phc v cho vic huy ng vn cng tc ng ti vic huy ng vn

ca Ngn hng. Mng li huy ng rng ri s to s thun tin cho ngi gi

tin. Mng li hp s gy kh khn cho khch hng c tin nhn ri gi vo

Ngn hng v khng nhng chi ph giao dch ln m cn mt nhiu thi gian.


24/74

16

Nhn chung, c rt nhiu nhng yu t nh hng n vic huy ng vn

ca Ngn hng. Cc yu t ny tc ng n mi hot ng, cng nh kt qu

kinh doanh ca Ngn hng. Mi Ngn hng khi hot ng u cn phi tin

hnh nghin cu, tm hiu cc yu t nh hng n hot ng kinh doanh ca

Ngn hng. Nhng yu t ny lun c tnh hai mt: c th c tc ng tch cc

ng thi c th tc ng tiu cc ti Ngn hng. Ngn hng no xc nh

ng, chnh xc cc yu t tc ng s huy ng c vn ln vi chi ph r, t

nng cao hiu qu hot ng.

1.3.2.5. Cc hot ng Marketing Ngn hng

Hin ny, cc Ngn hng cnh tranh gay gt vi nhau trong tm kim th

trng v dnh git khch hng. c th li ko c nhiu khch hng n

vi Ngn hng, mi Ngn hng khng tic cc chi ph b ra cho vic truyn

thng. Cc ngn hng thng s dng cch thc qung co, khuyn mi nhm

mc ch li ko khch hng n vi Ngn hng. Cc ngn hng cn s dng

cc logo, biu tng khch hng nh n tn ca Ngn hng mnh khi ny

sinh nhu cu v dch v ti chnh. Bn cnh , marketing cng ng cn l vkh gip cc ngn hng to hnh nh tt p trong tm tr khch hng.

1.4. VAI TR HUY NG VN CA NHTM

Cc NHTM kinh doanh tin t vi chc nng ch yu l huy ng

cho vay, y l nghip v mang li phn ln li nhun cho cc NHTM, v vy,

vi ngun vn di do, n nh, cc NH s d dng hn trong vic a dng ho

cc loi hnh dch v ca mnh, ch ng hn trong vic u t v cho vay. Bncnh , vn ca NHTM cng tc ng vo yu t tm l khch hng, to ra uy

tn cho NH trn th trng ti chnh, n quyt nh nng lc cnh tranh, l tin

thun li NH m rng quan h tn dng, kinh doanh a dng, v phn tn

c ri ro.

1.4.1. Vai tr ca huy ng vn Ngn hng i vi ngi gi tin

Hot ng huy ng vn ca Ngn hng p ng c cc yu cu

ca khch hng khi gi tin vo Ngn hng nh:


25/74


26/74

18

v thi hn tn dng, hnh thc tr li... Cc dch v Ngn hng s ngy cng

c ci tin, pht trin v c thc hin tt hn.

Vi vic huy ng vn, chi ph cho vic huy ng vn s thp hn so vivic pht hnh c phiu, l c s cho vic tng li nhun ca ngn hng

Huy ng vn to ra s n nh cho hot ng ca Ngn hng, gip ngn

hng trnh khi ri ro v thanh khon.

Nh vy, i vi cc NHTM, vn c vai tr nn tng quyt nh hot

ng kinh doanh ca Ngn hng.

1.4.3. Vai tr ca huy ng vn Ngn hng i vi nn kinh t

i vi nn kinh t, vn c vai tr to ln i vi qu trnh tng trng

v pht trin kinh t, l nhn t ng vai tr quyt nh cho s nghip cng

nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. V vy vi vic huy ng mt cch hiu qu

s gip:

p ng c nhu cu vay vn ca cc doanh nghip sn xut, gip

cc doanh nghip ny m rng qui m hot ng, ci tin v trang bcng ngh hin i, mua thm nguyn vt liu, to ra nhiu sn phm

c cht lng cao, phc v cho i sng ca ngi dn.

Gip cc doanh nghip thng mi v dch v c vn thu mua sn

phm do cc doanh nghip sn xut lm ra, nh , cc doanh nghip

sn xut li tip tc c vn ti u t.

Cc NH huy ng vn khng ch cho vay cc doanh nghip m cncho c nhn vay, qua gip p ng cc nhu cu v n, mc, , i

li, hc tp v lm vic ca ngi dn.

Tm li, huy ng vn l mt nghip v c vai tr quan trng, mang li

li ch khng ch cho bn thn ngn hng m cn gip cho hot ng sn xut

v lu thng hng ha c thng sut, gp phn lm tng GDP ca c nc,

thc y nn kinh t pht trin.


27/74

19

KT LUN CHNG 1

Chng 1 gip chng ta c ci nhn khi qut v nghip v huy ng

vn. C th:

-Khi nim v vn

-Cc loi ngun vn Ngn hng huy ng

-Cc nhn t nh hng n qui m ngun vn huy ng

-Vai tr ca huy ng vn trong hot ng ca NHTM.

Trn c s l thuyt chung v nghip v huy ng vn nh qun tr c

th d dng tin hnh hoch nh, t chc thc hin kim tra vic huy ng cc

ngun vn sao cho thch hp vi nhu cu s dng vn, thch hp vi iu kin

mi trng kinh doanh t c cc mc tiu gim chi ph huy ng vn

nhm lm tng li nhun v gim thiu ri ro trong hot ng cho Ngn hng.


28/74

THC TRNG HUY NG VN TI NGN

HNG THNG MI C PHN HNG HI VIT

NAM


29/74

20

2.1. KHI QUT V NGN HNG TMCP HNG HI

2.1.1. S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin

2.1.1.1. Lch s thnh lp

Thnh lp

Ngn hng TMCP Hng Hi Vit Nam (tn giao dch quc t: Vietnam

Maritime Commercial Stock Bank, tn vit tt: Maritime Bank hoc MSB) l

Ngn hng TM c thnh lp u tin sau khi Php lnh v Ngn hng Nh

nc v Php lnh Ngn hng thng mi, hp tc x tn dng v cng ty tichnh c ban hnh vo thng 5 nm 1990 theo Giy php s 0001/NH-GP do

Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam cp ngy 08/6/1991, Giy php s

45/GP-UB do y ban Nhn dn TP Hi Phng cp ngy 24/12/1991. Ngy

12/7/1991, Maritime Bank chnh thc khai trng v i vo hot ng.

Tm nhn

Tr thnh Ngn hng TMCP pht trin bn vng vi cht lng dch vhng u theo cc chun mc quc t

Mc tiu

n nm 2012, Maritime Bank l mt trong mi NHTMCP ln nht

Vit Nam vi quy m v vn, ti sn v li nhun.

2.1.1.2. Qu trnh pht trin v cc ct mc ng nh

Vi tm nhn, mc tiu v chin lc nu trn c c ng v cn

b nhn vin Maritime Bank theo ui trong sut 17 nm hot ng ca mnh

v nhng kt qu t c chng minh rng l cc nh hng ng i

vi Maritime Bank. cng chnh l tin gip Ngn hng khng nh v tr

ca mnh trong h thng Ngn hng thng mi ti Vit Nam. Di y l mt

s ct mc ng nh ca Maritime Bank:

Ngy 12/7/1991: Maritime Bank chnh thc khai trng ti thnh ph

Cng Hi Phng


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21

Thi k 1991 2004: Cng vi s i ln ca t nc trong thi k

kinh t th trng, Maritime Bank xy dng c c cu vng mnh, ng gp

vo s pht trin ca c nc. Cng trong thi gian ny, mng luwsoi ca

Maritime m rng n nhiu thnh ph trng im trong c nc.

Thng 8 nm 2005, Maritime Bank chuyn Hi s chnh t Hi

Phng ln th H Ni, mt trung tm kinh t, chnh tr v vn ho hng u

ca c nc.

Nm 2006-2008: Maritime Bank tip tc hon chnh c cu t chc hot

ng ti Hi s chnh m bo qun tr ri ro v hiu qu theo chun mc

hot ng ca ton h thng gm Hi s chnh, S giao dch v cc Chi nhnh,

Phng giao dch, theo Cc y ban / Ban c thnh lp: y Ban ALCO

gm Ban qun l vn v ti sn, Ban qun l ri ro th trng, Ban qun l ri

ro hot ng; Ban c vn iu hnh; Ban th k; y ban tn dng; Hi ng x

l ri ro; y ban u t. Ngoi ra cc Khi nghip v cng c hon thin

hn gm: Khi dch v; Khi Ngun vn; Khi cng ngh Ngn hng; Khi

qun l ti chnh; Khi khch hng doanh nghip; Khi khch hng c nhn;Khi qun l tn dng v u t; Khi qun l ri ro.

Nm 2009: Maritime Bank tin hnh xy dng h thng nh hng

tn dng ni b vi s t vn ca Cng ty TNHH Ernst & Young Vit Nam,

m bo hot ng phn tch v nh gi tn dng c thc hin thng nht

trong ton b thng theo cc nguyn tc v chun mc ph hp. H thng nh

hng tn dng ni b d kin c hon thnh vo thng 6/2009. Cng trong

nm ny, Maritime Bank thu Hng t vn hng u th gii ca M l

McKinsey&Company xy dng chin lc kinh doanh v thng hiu cho ton

Ngn hng.

n nay, Maritime Bank tr thnh mt Ngn hng thng mi c

phn pht trin mnh, bn vng v to c nim tin i vi khch hng. Vn

iu l hin ti mc 3.000 t ng v tng ti sn t 65.000 t ng trong

nm 2009. Ngun nhn s tng u qua cc nm t 30-60%, t 483 nhn vinnm 2005 ln 2.000 nhn vin nm 2009. S lng cc im giao dch tng


31/74

22

mnh t 16 im giao dch nm 2005 ln 110 im giao dch vo cui nm

2009.

2.1.2. C cu t chc ca NHTM CP Hng HiS 2.1. S t chc Maritime Bank


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2.1.3. Tim lc ti chnh ca Ngn hng thng mi c phn Hng Hi

(MSB)

Vn iu l ca Maritime Bank ban u l 40 t ng, n 31/12/2007t 1.500 t ng, tng 37,5 ln so vi ngy thnh lp. n 31/12/2009 t

3.154 t ng. Tng vn iu l p ng kp thi nhu cu m rng quy m

kinh doanh, ph hp vi tc tng trng thc t ca Maritime Bank. Lng

vn tng ln ny s c s dng cho mc ch u t c s vt cht, pht trin

mng li hot ng, nng cao cht lng dch v cung ng cho khch hng v

cp thm ngun vn phc v cho nhu cu vay ca cc c nhn v doanh nghip.

Ngoi ra, bo m tng d n cho vay i vi mt khch hng khng vt

qu 15% vn t c ca Ngn hng theo quy nh, tng vn l iu kin cn thit

Maritime Bank c th u t cho cc d n trung, di hn cng nh tip cn

vi cc doanh nghip ln trong v ngoi nc.

Trong tnh hnh kh khn chung ca nn kinh t do nh hng ca cuc

khng hong ti chnh ton cu, vic hon thnh tng vn theo ng k hoch

chng t s tng trng vng mnh ca Maritime Bank. Tng ti sn nm1991 l 137 t ng, n 31/12/2007 t 17.569 t ng, tng 128,2 ln; n

thi im 31/12/2009, tng ti sn ca MSB t 63.882 t ng. D n cho vay

cui nm 1991 l 34 t ng, n 31/12/2007 t 6.528 t ng, tng 192 ln,

v ti thi im 31/12/2009, d n cho vay t 23.871 t ng.

Ngoi ra khi xem xt tim lc ti chnh ca mt NHTM, cng cn nhc n h

s CAR - T l an ton vn ti thiu (Capital Adequacy Ratio CAR), y l

mt ch tiu quan trng phn nh nng lc ti chnh ca cc Ngn hng, th

hin mc ri ro m cc NHTM c php mo him trong s dng vn, h

s CAR c xc nh:

H s CAR =Vn t c.

Tng ti sn c ri ro quy i.

Theo s liu bo co t MSB, ch s CAR l 20,84% nm 2006, 11,96 %

nm 2007 v 8,5% nm 2009 . iu ny th hin MSB c mc an ton vn ti

thiu cao, to c s tin cy i vi khch hng v c kh nng i ph vi


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nhng ri ro c th xy ra nhng ng thi iu ny cng lm hn ch kh

nng sinh li v vn cho MSB.

2.1.4. Kt qu hot ng nhng nm qua2.1.4.1. Tnh hnh huy ng vn

Nm 2009, tnh hnh kinh t trong v ngoi nc vn tip tc din bin

phc tp, thm vo chnh sch kim ch lm pht trn gi ca chnh ph

tc ng ng k ln th trng ti chnh Vit Nam v gy nh hng khng

nh n cng tc huy ng vn ca cc Ngn hng thng mi. Mc d vy,

hot ng ca MSB trong nhng nm qua vn c nhng bc pht trin mnh

m. Tnh n cui nm 2009, tng ngun vn huy ng ca MSB l 59.287.376

triu ng, tng 29.409.970 triu ng so vi thi im cui nm 2008, vi t

l tng l 98,43% so vi u nm. Trong , c cu ngun vn ch yu l tin

gi v vay ca t chc tn dng v tin gi ca khch hng, hai khon mc ny

chim hn 88% trong tng ngun vn, cn li l vn c phn, cc qu v

ngun vn khc; Vn huy ng t dn c v t chc kinh t ca MSB nm

2009 t 30.053.287 triu ng, chim 47,05% trong tng ngun vn, tng15.941.731 triu ng so vi u nm.

2.1.4.2. Tnh hnh s dng vn

Bng 2.1. Cho vay v u t trong tng ti sn

VT: Triu ng

Nm

2006 2007 2008 2009

D n

T

trng

(%)

D n

T

trng

(%)

D n

T

trng

(%)

D n

T

trng

(%)

Cho vay 2.888.130 33,89 6.527.868 37,16 11.124.146 34,00 23.698.496 37,00

u t 1.028.555 12,07 2.198.946 12,52 4.000.770 12,00 11.311.085 18,00

Tng ti

sn8.521.285 100 17.569.024 100 32.626.054 100 63.882.044 100

(Ngun: Bo co ti chnh MSB)


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Ngay t nhng ngy u thnh lp, Maritime Bank c c nn tng

khch hng tn dng l cc doanh nghip thuc cc ngnh kinh t ln nh Hng

hi, Hng khng, Bu chnh vin thng, Thu sn v Ch bin hng xut khu.

Bng s nng ng ca mt Ngn hng c phn, Maritime Bank to iu

kin h tr ti chnh cho cc doanh nghip thng qua cc sn phm tn dng

truyn thng v hin i, bng ni t v ngoi t. Tn dng trung v di hn ca

Maritime Bank gp phn vo s pht trin ca ngnh Hng hi Vit Nam

trong nhng nm u thp nin ca th k 21, khi m thng mi Vit Nam

vn mnh ra quc t.

2.1.4.3. Kt qu kinh doanh ca MSB

Bng 2.2. Mt s ch tiu hot ng ca MSB

VT: Triu ng

Ch tiu 31/12/2007 31/12/2008 31/12/2009

Tng gi tr ti sn 17.569.024 32.626 .054 63.882.044

Tng vn huy ng 15.478.512 29.877.406 59.287.376Tng d n 6.527.868 11.209.764 23.871.616

Tng thu nhp hot ng 436.215 802.906 1.675.155

Li nhun trc thu 239.859 437.008 1.005.315

Chi ph thu TNDN 67.013 120.358 232.429

Li nhun sau thu 172.846 316.650 772.886

T l chia c tc 15% 12,5% -

(Ngun: Bo co ti chnh MSB nm 2007, 2008, 2009)

Qua bng trn cho ta thy c, tnh hnh kinh doanh ca MSB kh

thun li, li nhun trc thu ca Ngn hng lin tc tng qua cc nm vi tc

tng trng ca nm sau cao hn nm trc. Cui nm 2008, li nhun

trc thu ca MSB t 437 t ng, sang nm 2009, con s ny l 1.005 t

ng, tng 130% so vi nm 2008.

Bng 2.3. C cu ngun thu ca MSB

VT: Triu ng


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2007 T trng 2008 T trng 2009 T trngThu nhp li

thun 354.049 81,16% 726.312 90,46%1.278.44

976,32%

Li thun thot ngdch v

41.121 9,43% 59.300 7,39% 122.742 7,33%

Li thun thot ng

kinh doanhngoi hi

6.989 1,60% 10.354 1,29% 87.768 5,24%

Li/l thunt mua bn

chngkhon ut

498 0,11% -8.717 -1,09% 64.292 3,84%

Li thun thot ng

khc33.054 7,58% 8.650 1,08% 87.130 5,20%

Thu nhp tgp vn

mua c phn504 0,12% 7.007 0,87% 42.482 2,54%

Tng thunhp hotng

436.215 100.00% 802.906 100,00% 1.675.155

100,00%

(Ngun: Bo co ti chnh MSB nm 2007, 2008, 2009)

Nhn vo bng s liu trn, ta c th thy thu nhp li rng l khon thu

nhp c s tng trng cao nht. Trong nm 2009, ngun thu t li rng t

1.278.449 triu ng, tng ng vi mc tng 76% so vi nm 2008.

Trong khi , thu nhp t ph ch tng vi tc khim tn so vi ccngun thu khc v t trng ca ngun thu nhp ny trong tng thu nhp li c

xu hng gim, t mc 7,39% nm 2008 xung cn 7,33% trong nm 2009.

Tt c cc loi thu nhp ph u b nh hng mnh bi s suy thoi ca nn

kinh t th gii, khin cho doanh thu t hot ng xut nhp khu ca cc

khch hng ca MSB b suy gim, t lm nh hng n doanh thu ca

MSB. Mt l do na l MSB, ging nh nhiu NH khc gn y p dng

chnh sch ph thp i ly tin gi ca khch hng. Do m doanh thu ph

suy gim nhiu.


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ca mnh. Ti khon thanh ton khng b hn ch v s ln gi vo hoc rt

tin ra khi s dng.

- Th tc gi v rt tin: khi xut hin nhu cu s dng dch v ca Ngn hng Khch hng ch cn in vo n ng k theo mu ca Ngn hng.

Sau , cung cp bn sao chng minh th hoc h chiu.

- c im v li ch:

An ton v khch hng khng phi gi tin mt, khng phi kim

m tin khi thanh ton v nhn thanh ton, trnh c cc ri ro v

tin gi.

S tin trong ti khon ca khch hng c hng li sut khng k

hn do Maritime Bank cng b.

- Cc phng tin thanh ton qua ti khon: cc loi th ATM, y nhim chi,

y nhim thu,

2.2.1.2. Tin gi tit kim

- c im v li ch:

An ton

Khi o hn, nu khch hng khng n rt v khng c tho thun

no khc th Ngn hng s t ng chuyn sang k hn mi tng

ng vi li sut ti thi im chuyn k hn.

Li v gc c tr mt ln khi n hn.

Khch hng c gi v rt ti tt c cc im giao dch ca

Maritime Bank trn ton quc v c chuyn nhng theo quy nh

ca Php lut v ca Maritime Bank.

Loi tin gi a dng: VND, USD, EUR..

- Cc hnh thc tit kim nh:

Tit kim "Li sut cao nht"


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Tit kim K hn duy nht (K hn 13 thng, rt gc linh hot)

Tit kim "nh k sinh li"

Tit kim "Gi tin tr li ngay"

Tit kim thng

Tit kim An Lc

Tit kim linh hot v Tin gi c nhn VND & USD

Tit kim Ph An Thun

2.2.1.3. Tin gi c k hn

- c im v li ch:

Khch hng c th rt ton b hoc tng phn tin gc;

S tin gc rt trc hn c hng li sut khng k hn ti thi

im rt.

S tin gc cn li vn c hng li sut c k hn xc nh tithi im gi tin.

Tin gi k hn tun

Bng 2.4. Li sut huy ng tin gi tit kim theo tun

K hnLi sut VND (%/nm)

1 tun 2 tun 3 tunDi 200 triu 9,20 9,30 9,40

T 200 triu n di 500 triu 9,30 9,50 9,70

T 500 triu tr ln 9,40 9,60 9,80Biu li sut ny c hiu lc t ngy 04/05/2010


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(Ngun: http://www.msb.com.vn)

Tin gi k hn thng

Bng 2.5. Li sut huy ng tin gi tit kim theo thng

K hn

S tin v Li sut huy ng VND (%/nm)

Di 200 triuT 200 triu

n di 500 triuT 500 triu tr ln

Khng KH 3,00

01 thng 11,30 11,32 11,35

02 thng 11,30 11,37 11,40

03 thng 11,50 11,50 11,5006 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

09 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

12 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

15 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

18 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

24 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

36 thng 11,50 11,50 11,50

Biu li sut ny c hiu lc t ngy 04/05/2010(Ngun: http://www.msb.com.vn)

Bng 2.6. Bng li sut huy ng USD

K hn

S tin v Li sut (%/nm)

Di 10.000 USDT 10.000 USD n

di 50.000 USDTrn 50.000 USD

Khng KH 0,5001 thng 3,30 3,32 3,35

02 thng 3,40 3,42 3,45

03 thng 3,85 3,87 3,90

06 thng 4,05 4,07 4,10

09 thng 4,15 4,17 4,20

12 thng 4,20 4,23 4,25

15 thng 4,40 4,40 4,40

18 thng 4,40 4,40 4,4024 thng 4,40 4,40 4,40

36 thng 4,40 4,40 4,40


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Biu li sut huy ng USD c hiu lc t ngy 19/04/2010


2.2.1.4. Pht hnh cng c n

a. Tri phiu

- Phng thc pht hnh tri phiu ca Maritime Bank l pht hnh

ring l, li sut th ni xc nh hng nm.

- K hn pht hnh: 2 nm, 5 nm

- Mnh gi 1 t ng

Nhn chung, lng vn huy ng ca MSB t vic pht hnh cc cng

c n nh tri phiu cn chim mt t trng kh nh trong tng ngun vn huy

ng ca MSB.

b. Chng ch tin gi

Chng ch tin gi ngn hn (CCTG) l loi Giy t c gi ngn hn ghi

danh do Maritime Bank pht hnh huy ng vn trong nc t cc c nhn

v t chc. CCTG c cc c im:

- i tng mua CCTG: Cc c nhn Vit Nam; Cc c nhn nc ngoi ang

sinh sng v hot ng hp php ti Vit Nam.

- ng tin pht hnh: Vit nam ng (VND).

- Hnh thc pht hnh: Chng ch tin gi ghi danh.

- K hn CCTG: 01 thng, 02 thng, 03 thng, 06 thng v 09 thng.

- Mnh gi ti thiu: 10.000.000 VND

- Li sut chng ch tin gi:

Bng 2.7. Li sut huy ng vn t chng ch tin gi

K hn (thng) Li sut (%/nm)

1 11,600

2 11,650

3 11,700
http://www.msb.com.vn/http://www.msb.com.vn/


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6 11,800

9 11,900

Biu li sut ny c hiu lc t ngy 10/05/2010


- Phng thc tr li:

Ton b gc v li c thanh ton mt ln duy nht khi n hn.

Sau khi n hn m Khch hng khng n nhn, gc v li s c

t ng o hn sang sn phm Li sut cao nht k hn tng

ng vi li sut nim yt ti thi im chuyn k hn.

- Chuyn nhng CCTG: Khch hng c ton quyn cho, tng v chuyn

nhng CCTG theo quy nh ca php lut m khng cn ng k ti Maritime

Bank. Vic chuyn nhng c thc hin theo phng thc k hu mt sau

ca CCTG.

- Cm c, ng trc CCTG: Khch hng c s dng CCTG k qu, cm

c vay vn, chit khu ti Ngn hng theo quy nh ca lut php v Ngnhng.

- Tt ton trc hn CCTG: Khch hng tham gia mua CCTG ti Maritime

Bank c tt ton trc hn, hng li sut khng k hn ti thi im rt.

2.2.2. Kt qu huy ng vn ti Ngn hng

2.2.2.1. Kt qu huy ng vn theo c cu

Bng 2.8. C cu ngun vn huy ng

VT: Triu ng

Nm2007 2008 2009

Gi tr % Gi tr % Gi tr %

Cc khon n CP

v NHNNVN32.339 0,21 22.491 0,08 29.243 0,05

Tin gi v vay

ca cc TCTD7.820.734 50,53 14.603.271 48,89 23.832.614 40,20


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Tin gi ca KH 7.368.648 47,61 14.111.556 47,24 30.053.287 50,69

Pht hnh GTCG 256.762 1,66 1.134.177 3.80 5.368.259 9,06

Tng s tin huyng*

15.478.512 100 29.877.406 100 59.287.376 100

(*) k c cc cng c ti chnh phi sinh v cc cng c n ti chnh khc

(Ngun BCTC MSB cc nm 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)


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C th c cu ngun vn ca MSB nh sau:

Qua bng s liu, 2 ngun vn chnh ca MSB chim t trng ln trong

tng ngun vn l tin gi ca khch hng v tin gi ca TCTD khc. Haingun vn ny trong nm 2006 chim 85,41% v nm 2007 chim 86,46%,

nm 2008 chim 88,03% trong tng ngun vn ca MSB, nm 2009 chim

84,44%.

Mc d b tc ng mnh t nhng bin ng v li sut trn th trng

trong nc nm 2008, ngun vn huy ng ca Maritime Bank vn c mc

tng trng n nh m khng phi Ngn hng c phn no cng t c.

Nm 2009, Ngun vn huy ng t t chc kinh t v dn c tng trng cao

v n nh so vi cc nm trc. n thi im 31/12/2009 30.053.287 triu

ng, tng 47,05% so vi nm 2008. Vi kt qu ny, Maritime Bank m

bo p ng nhu cu d n tn dng cho nm 2009, l c s m bo an ton

cho pht trin nghip v tn dng ca Ngn hng.

Huy ng vn t cc t chc kinh t

Nm 2007, mc d mt bng li sut tin gi kh n nh; li sut th

trng lin NH mc thp, cc thnh vin Hip hi NH tho thun iu chnh

gim li sut tin gi... nhng ngun vn huy ng ca cc NH trong 2007 vn

tng cao. Ngun vn tng mnh trc ht l do vn cha c knh u t no

thay c knh NH. TTCK st gim, th trng BS vn "ng bng", gi

vng bin ng kh tht thng... Bn cnh , vn tng cng l kt qu cnh

tranh quyt lit ca cc NH nh m rng mng li, tm kim cc khch hngmi...

Trong bi cnh cnh tranh khc lit, khi ngun vn trn th trng c lc

khan him t bin do cc Ngn hng tp trung gi thanh khon, ngun vn

huy ng t cc t chc kinh t ca Maritime Bank vn gi c nhp tng

trng n nh, n cui nm 2009 t 17.731 t VND, chim 59% tng vn

huy ng t t chc kinh t v dn c. Huy ng vn t dn c


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Nm 2007, ngun vn dn c tip tc c xu hng tng chm li. Trong

nm ny, tin gi t cc t chc chim n 61% vn huy ng ca cc NH.

Trong nm 2009, vi s pht trin nhanh chng, h thng mng li ccim giao dch, s n lc vt bc ca cc n v kinh doanh trc tip, s iu

hnh hiu qu t tr s chnh nhm a dng ha cc sn phm huy ng vn v

u t thch ng cho vic pht trin thng hiu, Maritime Bank t c

mc tng trng n tng vi ngun vn huy ng t dn c t 12.321 t

VND.tng 297% so vi k hoch. Mc tng trng ny c mt ngha c bit

quan trng trong chin lc a dng ha ngun vn huy ng, gp phn gip

Maritime Bank lun duy tr tt kh nng thanh khon trc mi din bin bt

li ca th trng ti chnh tin t.

Bng 2.9. Mc tng gim ngun vn

VT: Triu ng

Nm 2006 2007 2008 2009

Tng ngun vn huy ng 7.616.245 15.478.512 29.877.406 59.287.376

Mc tng gim N/N-1 - 7.862.238 14.393.012 29.411.908Tc tng trng - 103,23% 92,98% 98,46%

(Ngun BCTC MSB cc nm 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)

Nhn chung, tc tng trng v vn ca MSB l mt thnh tch ng

khch l, mc d nn kinh t b nh hng bi cuc khng hong kinh t ton

cu, MSB vn duy tr c tc tng trng v ngun vn tng i n nh,

m bo cho hot ng ca Ngn hng c din ra mt cch sun s, iu

ny th hin tng ngun vn huy ng ca MSB qua cc nm, tc tng

trng ngun vn ca MSB mc d c s suy gim mnh trong giai on 2007-

2008 do nh hng ca cuc khng hong kinh t ton cu, tuy nhin, trong

giai on 2008-2009, tc tng trng ca vn huy ng c ci thin

hn so vi giai on trc, iu ny cho thy vic MSB c s iu chnh

chin lc huy ng thch nghi vi hon cnh mi.

2.2.2.2. Kt qu huy ng vn theo loi tin

Bng 2.10. Kt qu ngun vn huy ng theo loi tin


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VT: Triu ng

2007 2008 2009

S tin

T

trng

(%)

S tin

T

trng

(%)

S tin

T

trng

(%)

VND 4.898.167 66,47 9.675.003 68.56 19.998.787 66,54

Ngoi t 2.470.481 33,53 4.436.553 31.44 10.054.500 33,46

Tin gi KH 7.368.648 100 14.111.556 100 30.053.287 100

(Ngun BCTC ca MSB 2007, 2008, 2009)

Nm 2007, mc tng vn huy ng ngoi t ca cc NH t rt thp sovi mc tng tin gi VN . l do c cu k hn tin gi ngoi t ca cc

NH hin khng vng chc, phn ln l tin gi khng k hn ca mt s

DNNN ln, huy ng vn t dn c bng ngoi t gim do t gi ngoi t thi

gian qua tng i n nh trong khi li sut tin gi ngoi t lun thp hn

VN nn ngi dn c xu hng chuyn i t ngoi t sang VN gi tit

kim. Trc tnh hnh chung nh vy khin vic huy ng vn bng ngoi t

ca MSB b nh hng nhiu.

Vo nm 2009, xu hng gi tin bng ngoi t tng mnh tr li

gip cho ngun ngoi t huy ng c c s gia tng ng k so vi nm

2008, tng 2,27 ln v t 10.054.500 triu ng

2.2.2.3. Kt qu huy ng vn theo sn phm


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Bng 2.11. Kt qu ngun vn huy ng theo sn phm

VT: Triu ng

2007 2008 2009

S tinT

trngS tin

T

trng

Tc

tngS tin

T

trng

Tc

tng

Tin gi

thanh ton4.568.562 29,52 8.479.634 28,39 85,61 17.872.690 30,15 110,77

Tin gi

tit kim2.800.086 18,09 5.631.922 18,85 101,13 12.180.597 20,55 116,28

Giy t c

gi256.762 1,66 1.134.177 3,80 341,72 5.368.259 9,06 373,32

Ngun

khc7.853.073 50,74 14.625.762 48,96 86,24 23.861.857 40,25 63,15

Tng cng 15.478.483 100 29.871.495 100 92,99 59.283.403 100 98,46

(Ngun: Bo co ti chnh nm 2007, 2008, 2009)

Qua bng s liu trn cho ta thy, trong c cu ngun vn huy ng ca

MSB, tin gi thanh ton ca khch hng cn chim t trng kh cao. Nm

2007, n chim 29,52% trong tng ngun vn huy ng ca MSB, trong khi

tin gi tit kim ca khch hng ch chim khong 18% trong tn ngun vn

huy ng, iu ny th hin s mt cn i trong c cu ngun vn huy ng

ca MSB. Tuy nhin tnh hnh ny c nhng ci thin v din bin theo

hng tt dn theo cc nm, vi t trng tin gi tit kim tng dn v t trng

tin gi thanh ton gim dn, gp phn xy dng mt c cu huy ng hp l,

vng chc, mang li s an ton cho hot ng ca NH.

Huy ng vn t GTCG ca khch hng ch chim mt t l kh khimtn trong tng ngun vn huy ng ca MSB v cng ang c nhng s thay

i tch cc theo hng tng dn t trng.

2.2.2.4. Kt qu huy ng vn theo k hn


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Bng 2.12. Kt qu huy ng vn theo k hn

VT: Triu ng

2007 2008 2009

S tin T trng S tin T trng S tin T trng

Tng vn huy ng

t tin gi khch

hng

7.368.648 100%14.111.55

6100%

30.053.28

7100%

Khng k hn 3.864.974 52,45% 8.097.654 57,38% 16.435943 54,69%

C k hn 3.503.674 47,55% 6.013.902 42,62%13.617.34

445,31%

Trong :

+ Ngn hn 1.874.466 53,50% 2.946.812 49,00% 6.720.159 49,35%

+ Trung hn 1.214.023 34,65% 2.165.004 36,00% 4.768.793 35,02%

+ Di hn 415.185 12,84% 902.085 15,00% 2.128.390 15,63%

(Ngun: Bo co ti chnh nm 2007, 2008, 2009)

Trong tng ngun vn huy ng t khch hng, tin gi c k hn c t

trng tng dn qua cc nm, tuy nhin t l ny vn cn tng i nh. Trong

ngun vn huy ng c k hn, t l vn huy ng ngn hn vn chim t l ln

v l ngun huy ng ch yu, ngun vn trung v di hn tuy chim t l

khng cao. Vic cc Ngn hng ti Vit Nam cng nh MSB kh huy ng vn

trung v di hn khng phi l mt hin tng mi l. Trong lch s, Vit Nam

tng tri qua nhng giai on lm pht cao v ko di, VND b mt gi

mnh, ngi dn cng gi VND lu cng b thit hi nng. Ngi Vit Nam u

chung nhng ti sn gi c gi tr qua thi gian nh vng, USD, bt ngsn

Trong khong hn mt nm tr li y, khi lm pht cao quay tr li,

VND b mt gi mnh so vi USD, tm l phng th ni trn ca ngi dn li

cng tr nn mnh m.

Cc chng trnh kch cu ca Chnh ph ang to nn nhng lo ngi v

lm pht trong tng lai, bi NHNN vn ang iu hnh chnh sch tin t theohng linh hot, ch khng t ra mt mc lm pht mc tiu no c.


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39

R rng l mc lm pht gn 20% trong nm 2008 vn ang m nh

nhng ngi c tin tit kim. Chnh v kh c th a ra d bo v t l lm

pht trong nhng nm sau (2010, 2011 ), nn vic ngi dn khng mn m

vi cc khon tin gi k hn di cng l iu d hiu. C th ni, nguyn nhn

chnh vn l do mc li sut m cc Ngn hng a ra cha p ng c mc

k vng ca cc nh u t.

Tuy nhin t l vn trung v di hn cng ang c s dch chuyn theo

hng tng dn qua cc nm, tng bc p ng c s thiu ht v ngun

vn u t trung v di hn ca NH.

2.3. NH GI HOT NG HUY NG VN CA MSB

2.3.1. Nhng thnh qu t c

Tnh hnh ti chnh ca MSB rt minh bch, bo co ti chnh v kim

ton bo co ti chnh c a ln Internet v bo ch.

Hnh thc huy ng vn ti NHTM CP Hng hi kh phong ph, a

dng, th tc n gin, mang li nhiu li ch cho ngi gi tin, v vy thu htngy cng ng o lng khch hng tm n Ngn hng, iu th hin

lng vn huy ng ti Ngn hng khng ngng tng, t lm tng ni lc

cho Ngn hng, to iu kin tin Ngn hng c th thc hin tt cc

nghip v Ngn hng khc.

Qun l ngun vn theo ng phng php, mc tiu

+ Qun l quy m, c cu ngun vn ca NH: y , kp thi.

+ Qun l chi ph huy ng vn : bao gm qun l li sut huy ng vn

v chi ph huy ng vn phi li sut tt, m bo va c li cho Ngn

hng, va c li cho khch hng.

+ Qun l tnh thanh khon ca ca cc khon n (vn huy ng): xc

nh k hn ca ngun ph hp vi yu cu v k hn s dng v to s n

nh ca ngun.


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40

Chnh sch tng vn iu l ca MSB t c nhng thnh qu r rt.

H s an ton vn lun ln hn 8% th hin MSB duy tr c t l an ton

vn kh tt trong tnh trng h s an ton vn ca cc NHTM khc thng ch

mc t 37%.

Ngun vn huy ng t cc TCTD khc ca MSB chim t trng cao th

hin uy tn v v th ca MSB trn th trng lin Ngn hng ang ngy cng

c cng c.

Ngun vn ca MSB t vic pht hnh cc cng c n khng nhng l

c s vng chc cho MSB trong vic tng vn iu l m cn em li khon

thng d ln v chi ph s dng thp cho Ngn hng, l c s MSB c cu

li ngun vn, nng cao h s an ton vn.

MSB k c tha thun hp tc vi Ngn hng u T & Pht

Trin Vit Nam, Ngn hng Ngoi Thng Vit Nam, Ngn hng Cng

Thng Vit Nam, Ngn hng Nng Nghip & Pht Trin Nng Thn Vit

Nam. y l mt sng kin mi nhm to s hp tc ton din khai thc

im mnh ca nhau v sc cnh tranh vi cc Ngn hng ln trong vngoi nc. Thng qua s hp tc ny, MSB c s h tr v ngun lc ti

chnh, cho vay hp vn v nht l vn dng sc mnh mng li, uy tn, kinh

nghim ca cc Ngn hng ln thnh ngun lc ni ti ca MSB.

MSB c cng ngh Ngn hng c u t v hin i ha tt, th hin

vic Maritime Bank tr thnh mt trong 6 Ngn hng Thng mi Vit

Nam c Ngn hng Th gii (WB) la chn, ti tr tham gia D n Hini ho Ngn hng v H thng thanh ton v tr thnh Ngn hng TMCP duy

nht c tip tc tham gia giai on 2 ca D n ny t nm 2005 n nay;

nh c nhng ci tin v cng ngh Ngn hng gip cho hot ng thanh

ton c din ra nhanh chng, an ton, tit kim thi gian v chi ph cho

khch hng cng nh Ngn hng.

Ngy 27/5/2009, Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc k cng vn s

3868/NHNN-CNH xc nhn Ngn hng TMCP Hng Hi (Maritime Bank)

ng k hot ng cung ng dch v ngoi hi. Theo cng vn ny, Maritime


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41

Bank iu kin hot ng cung ng cc dch v ngoi hi, trong c

huy ng vn, cho vay v bo lnh bng ngoi t; pht hnh, i l pht hnh

th quc t; cung cp cc dch v chuyn tin, thanh ton trong nc v quc

t; nhn v chi tr ngoi t; chit khu, ti chit khu giy t c gi bng ngoi

t; y nhim cho t chc tn dng khc v t chc kinh t l i l cung ng

mt s dch v ngoi hi bao gm dch v i ngoi t, dch v nhn v chi, tr

ngoi t v mt s dch v khc; cung cp cc dch v y thc v qun l ti sn

bng ngoi hi. Vic ng k hot ng cung ng dch v ngoi hi chnh l

mt phn trong k hoch tng th ca Martime Bank nhm pht trin c v din

rng v chiu su, nng cao nng lc hot ng p ng ngy cng tt hnnhu cu khch hng vi cc dch v a dng v thun tin.

2.3.2. Mt s hn ch trong vic huy ng vn ca MSB

Vic huy ng vn din ra trong bi cnh hin nay cn gp phi nhiu

kh khn v thch thc do vp phi s cnh tranh, chi phi ca Ngn hng

nc ngoi; nhng tim n v lm pht, t gi, dng tin chy vo cc knh u

t khc hp dn hn... Cho nn, y s l mt th thch ln cho hot ng caMSB, l cha k chng khon, qu u t... cng s cnh tranh vi Ngn

hng vt tin nhn ri trong dn. MSB tin hnh phn tch th trng

tm ra i tng khch hng mc tiu, tuy nhin, cng tc ny vn cha thc s

t ra hiu qu. C th:

-Sn phm cha ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca khch hng. Mc d

MSB c sn phm chia k hn n tun, tuy nhin vn c nhng trng hp

khch hng c nhu cu gi tin vi s ngy l, v d 10 ngy, 27 ngy....

V d: Ngn hng c tin gi k hn 2 tun(14 ngy) v 3 tun (21

ngy), tuy nhin khch hng li c nhu cu gi tin trong vng 19 ngy. Vy

khch hng ch c hai la chn, mt l k hn 2 tun, hai l k hn 3 tun.

+ Nu khch hng chn k hn 2 tun, th n ngy 14, khch

hng s: Rt tin ra khi Ngn hng v Ngn hng mt i quyn s dng

vn trong 5 ngy cn li. Hoc, nu khch hng khng n rt tin

m vn gi li cho n 19 ngy th khch hng ch c hng li sut


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khng k hn cho 5 ngy cn li v nh vy rt thit cho khch hng.

Mt khc, NH phi lun d tr lng tin ca khch hng ch khch

hng n rt m khng c s dng.

+ Nu khch hng chn k hn 3 tun: th n ngy 19, khi khch

hng cn s dng tin, h s phi rt tin ra trc hn v khng c

hng li sut nh tha thun; hoc, nu khch hng ch n hn mi

rt tin ra th trong thi gian 2 ngy sau( k t ngy 19), khch hng s

phi xoay s vay mn b p lng vn thiu ht, gy kh khn cho

khch hng.

-Hot ng qung co, marketing cho thng hiu MSB c quan

tm thc hin nhng hiu qu mang li ca n vn cha tng xng vi chi ph

m Ngn hng b ra, vn cn t ngi bit n MSB.

-Mng li hot ng ca NH cn cha rng khp. Hin ti, ch mi c

115 im giao dch trn c nc v cc im giao dch ch yu tp trung

nhng th, thnh ph ln. So vi nhng ngn hng thng mi khc, con s

ny cn kh khim tn.

-Chnh sch li sut chia lm nhiu k hn, cho php khch hng c

nhiu s la chn khi gi tin vo NH, tuy nhin, li sut ny c p dng

chung cho ton h thng Ngn hng, t hi s sau mi ph bin v chi

nhnh, tn nhiu thi gian, do nhiu lc khng theo kp c nhng bin

ng ca li st trn th trng.

-Cc dch v NH nh internet banking v phone banking gn y cng c trin khai thc hin MSB, tuy nhin, v mng li ATM ca NH th

vn cn tng i t so vi nhu cu s dng ca khch hng, y cng l mt

trong nhng l do lm khch hng phi n o khi la chn MSB gi tin.

Ngoi ra cn c tin ch khc nh home Banking, s dng th Ngn hng

thanh ton tin hng ha nhng trung tm thng mi, ca hng n ung

vn cha c trin khai thc hin MSB.


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43

-Trong c cu vn huy ng ca MSB, ngun vn cho vay ca cc t

chc tn dng khc i vi NH cn tng i cao, xp x ngun huy ng t

dn c v cc t chc kinh t, y l du hiu tt v uy tn ca MSB trn th

trng lin NH nhng cng cn thit phi t ra vn v tnh cht n nh ca

ngun vn ny v nh hng ca n i vi an ton trong hot ng ca NH.

-Trc bi cnh nn kinh t hi nhp, nhu cu vn u t tng cao, i

hi Ngn hng phi c lng vn ln, n nh, tuy nhin, ngun vn huy ng

ngn hn vn chim u th, phi s dng vn ngn hn u t di hn s gy

mt an ton trong hot ng ca NH.

Bng 2.13. C cu cho vay v huy ng theo k hn

VT: Triu ng

2007 2008 2009

S tin

T

trng S tin

T

trng S tin

T

trng

Huy ng

c k hnt KH

3.503.764 100% 6.013.902 100% 13.617.344 100%

Ngn hn 1.874.466 52,51% 2.946.812 49,00% 6.720.159 49,35%

Trung &

di hn1.629.208 48,49% 3/057.089 51,00% 6.897.183 50,65%

Cho vay

KH6.527.868 100% 11.124.146 100% 23.698.496 100%

Ngn hn 4.183.867 64% 7.158.388 64,35% 15.029.586 63,42%

Trung &Di hn

2.344.001 36% 3.965.759 35,75% 8.668.910 36,58%

(Ngun: BCTC MSB 2007, 2008, 2009)

T bng s liu trn cho ta thy c t l vn huy ng trung v di

hn ca MSB nhn chung khng p ng nhu cu cho vay trung v di

hn, do Ngn hng phi s dng mt phn ngun vn ngn hn ca mnh

p ng nhu cu tn dng trung di hn. Ta c th thy nm 2009, vn huy

ng trung di hn l 6.897.183 triu ng trong khi s dng vn trung v di


53/74

44

hn l 8.668.910. iu ny cho thy s mt cn i trong c cu vn ca ngn

hng.

2.3.3. Nguyn nhn ca nhng hn chNhng hn ch trn xut pht t nhng nguyn nhn khch quan ca nn

kinh t cng nh ch quan t pha Ngn hng. C th lit k mt s nguyn

nhn chnh nh sau:

-Mi trng kinh t v m v chnh sch v m, mi trng chnh tr, x hi; V

nh nm 2008, trc bi cnh lm pht tng cao, Ngn hng nh nc thc

hin nhiu bin php tht cht tin t nhm khng ch mc tng cung tin, c

nh hng trc tip n tnh thanh khon, mc ri ro cng nh kh nng

sinh li ca h thng Ngn hng, v vy, mc d li sut huy ng tng cao

nhng tc huy ng vn ca cc Ngn hng vn chm li. Sang nm 2009,

li sut huy ng v cho vay n nh tr li, nhng suy thoi kinh t nng n

cng khin hot ng NH gp khng t tr ngi.

- Vn ha, thi quen tiu tin ca ngi dn: thi quen s dng tin mt ca

ngi dn Vit Nam vn cn ph bin, nim tin i vi Ngn hng cn hn ch.

- Uy tn ca MSB i vi khch hng vn cha c, tnh ng nht, s phong

ph a dng v sn phm NH cn cha cao do hnh thc huy ng, k hn huy

ngvn cha p ng c ht nhu cu ca i tng gi tin; thng tin v

sn phm v danh tnh ca NH vn cha c nhiu ngi bit n.

- NH vn cha c s phn khc th trng mt cch r rt do cha c nhng

chin lc su, st, tp trung vo mt nhm i tng c th, gy phn tn

ngun lc ca NH m hiu qu em li vn cha thc s cao.

- Nhn vin NH l nhng ngi trc tip giao dch vi khch hng v vy cn

thit phi c nhng kha hc v nghip v NH nng cao trnh nghip v

cng nh cch thc phc v khch hng.

- Cng ngh ca MSB c ci thin ng k trong thi gian va qua, c

bit khi m MSB nm trong chng trnh hin i ha cng ngh Ngn hng


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45

cho Ngn hng th gii ti tr, tuy nhin vic trin khai p dng cng ngh mi

cn chm chp.

- MSB vn cha hoch nh chin lc huy ng vn tht s r rng v phhp. B phn marketing ca cc Ngn hng phn nhiu ch trng n khch

hng vay vn v khch hng s dng cc dch v ti chnh, cha quan tm ng

mc n i tng khch hng tin gi, nht l khch hng tin gi c nhn.

Cc sn phm huy ng ca Ngn hng vn cha tht s a dng, tnh tin ch

vn cha cao; d rng cc Ngn hng c nhng n lc nht nh theo hng

ny.

- Vic li sut huy ng ngn v di hn u cng mt mc khin ngi gi

tin khng ho hng vi cc k hn di m ch nhm n gi cc k hn t 1

n 3 thng. V th, vn trung di hn ca cc Ngn hng ang ngy cng gim.

Theo Ngn hng Nh nc chi nhnh TPHCM th vn huy ng ngn hn ca

cc Ngn hng trn a bn chim hn 70% tng ngun vn huy ng v MSB

khng phi l mt ngoi l.


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46

KT LUN CHNG 2

Nghip v huy ng vn ti MSB t c nhng kt qu ng khch

l. Bt chp nh hng ca cuc khng hong ti chnh th gii, ngun vn huy

ng ca MSB vn gi c tc tng trng qua cc nm, cc sn phm tit

kim cng ngy cng a dng, p ng c nhu cu gi tin ca khch hng,

m rng cc knh v hnh thc giao dch tng cng kh nng tip cn, phc

v khch hng.

Bn cnh nhng kt qu t c nu trn, hot ng huy ng vn

ca MSB cn nhiu hn ch cn phi khc phc c th gim thiu c chi

ph huy ng vn nhm ti a ha li nhun trong kinh doanh, l vic sn

phm mi c a ra kh nhiu nhng tnh nng ca sn phm dch v cn

hn ch, hot ng marketing ch mi c ci thin trong thi gian gn y,

hiu qu mang li vn cha c nh mun, c s h tng cn nhiu hn ch.


56/74

MT S GII PHP NNG CAO KH NNG

HUY NG VN TI NGN HNG THNG

MI C PHN HNG HI VIT NAM


57/74

47

3.1. NH HNG PHT TRIN CA NGN HNG TMCP TRONG

THI GIAN TI

Trc nhu cu v vn ca nn kinh t lun mc cao buc cc Ngn

hng thng mi, nht l Ngn hng thng mi nh nc phi tng cng huy

ng vn v tng khi lng tn dng cho cc doanh nghip.

Nhn thc c tm quan trng trong vic cung ng vn cho nn kinh

t, cn c vo thc lc ca mnh, nhng c th trong iu kin kinh t x hi v xu

th pht trin ca nn kinh t cng nh yu cu pht trin ca MSB, coi khu to

vn l mt trong nhng khu quan trng nht quyt nh hiu qu hot ng ca

Ngn hng. Sau y l nh hng huy ng vn ca NH

Mt l, thc hin nhng ci tin trong h thng phn phi. Khng ngng

cng c, nng cao hiu qu h thng mng li hot ng kinh doanh nhm

tho mn tt nht nhu cu th trng. i mi v nng cao cht lng hot

ng kinh doanh, hng hot ng nhiu hn vo cc dch v Ngn hng.

Hai l, a dng ho cc hnh thc huy ng vn, c bit l cc hnhthc huy ng vn k hn trn 12 thng nng cao kh nng cnh tranh vi

cc Ngn hng khc, ng thi m bo cn i gia c cu huy ng v cho

vay. Tip tc tm kim ngun vn hot ng c chi ph thp, n nh.

Ba l, tip tc y mnh huy ng vn t dn c cn i c cu vn

huy ng v m bo duy tr ngun vn n nh. Xy dng c th chin lc

khch hng c nhn phc v tt cho cng tc huy ng vn. Trong cnch tng cng huy ng vn trung v di hn kt hp iu chnh c cu cc

khon mc trong ngun vn trung v di hn theo hng nng cao t trng tin

gi c k hn ca dn c v cc t chc kinh t, pht hnh giy t c gi

Tranh th ngun vn nhn ri ca doanh nghip, tip cn vi nhng ngun u

t t nc ngoi thu ht vn ngoi t. Pht trin c s khch hng c nhn

v dch v Ngn hng bn l a dng, cht lng v cnh tranh rng khp.

Bn l, tin hnh phn on th trng theo nhng tiu thc khc nhau

(nh phn loi theo a bn, iu kin kinh doanh vng, tp qun tiu dng,


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mc cnh tranh.v.v.) t xy dng chin lc sn phm, gi c, phn

phi.v.v. thch hp cho tng phn on th trng.

Nm l, thc hin tr li cho khch hng gi tin v p dng h thng lisut mang tnh cnh tranh. To ra s ch ng hon ton v vn; Thng xuyn

nm bt li sut huy ng cng nh li sut cho vay trn th trng kp thi

iu chnh li sut ca NH va p ng c yu cu cnh tranh, va m

bo li nhun. Song song vi vic y mnh hot ng huy ng vn, NH cng

quan tm n hiu qu ca vic huy ng vn nhm m bo an ton trong hot

ng v em li nhiu li nhun cho Ngn hng. Hiu qu y c th hin

nhng ni dung sau:

- Lng vn huy ng tng trng cao hng nm, tc tng trng

c duy tr v tng dn theo mc tiu nh. Theo k hoch

huy ng vn phi c thc hin thnh cng, mc vn t c

phi bng hoc vt mc k hoch.

- Chi ph cho vic huy ng vn phi mc chp nhn c, li sut

huy ng phi c xc nh da trn mi quan h vi li sut chovay ngi vay vn chp nhn c li vay v chi nhnh vn c

li nhun.

- Cht lng ngun vn huy ng phi m bo, mang nhng tnh cht

nh : hp php, n nh, lu di m bo hiu qu cho cc hot

ng khc ca Ngn hng.

- C cu ngun vn phi hp l theo mc tiu, chin lc huy ngvn m chi nhnh ra. S hp l trong c cu ngun cng l

iu kin chi nhnh c c s thc hin, trin khai cc k hoch

hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh theo chiu hng c li hn.

Qua nghin cu c s l thuyt, thc trng cng nh nh hng cho

hot ng huy ng vn NHTMCP Hng Hi, em xin a ra mt s gii php

nhm tng cng ngun vn cho Ngn hng trong nhng nm tip theo.


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3.2. MT S GII PHP NNG CAO KH NNG HUY NG VN

TI NGN HNG TMCP HNG HI VIT NAM

3.2.1. Xy dng sn phm tin gi k hn ph hp vi nhu cu thc t cakhch hng

Nh phn tch trn, hin nay ngn hng cha nhn tin gi theo nhu

cu ca khch hng v k hn trong khi vic xy dng sn phm tin gi c k

hn ph hp vi nhu cu thc t ca khch hng l v cng thit thc. Nu lm

c nh vy, s tt cho c pha ngn hng v khch hng, Ngn hng va thu

ht c nhiu ngun tin gi hn cn khch hng th cm thy thoi mi v

thun tin khi tr thnh khch hng ca Ngn hng. Do vy, NH cn c chnh

sch huy ng vn theo k hn thc t ca NH m khng nht thit phi l k

hn tun, thng nh hin nay.

Bn cnh vic tp trung xy dng sn phm trn, Ngn hng cng cn

thit phi a dng ha cc sn phm huy ng khc, ng vi mi i tng

khch hng, ta cn c nhng sn phm ring ph hp vi c im v tnh cht

ca nhm i tng , khin khch hng c nhiu s la chn hn v khngphi tht vng khi quyt nh la chn MSB.

3.2.2. y mnh cc hot ng qung co, tip th ca Ngn hng

MSB l mt Ngn hng rt c trin vng v tim nng pht trin trong tng

lai, tuy nhin, vic cn t ngi bit n tn tui ca MSB tr thnh mt

trong nhng ro cn khng nh lm hn ch kh nng thu ht khch hng n

vi Ngn hng. Trc thc t nh vy, cn thit phi xy dng mt phng banchuyn v hot ng Marketing, chuyn ra cc chin dch qung co, tip th

khch hng, mi ngi bit n MSB nhiu hn.

V d: khi tung ra mt sn phm huy ng vn no, iu quan trng nht

l phi c 1 chng trnh tuyn truyn, qung co n tng khch hng c

th bit v tham gia. Khng nhng ch qung co sn phm trn cc phng

tin thng tin i chng m cn phi gi t ri n tn tay khch hng, h c

th tm hiu k hn v sn phm mi ca Ngn hng. Bn cnh , cn thit

phi c mt b phn h tr nhm gii p nhng thc mc ca khch hng v


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sn phm, truyn t su hn nhng thng tin v sn phm kch thch nhu

cu ca khch hng. Vic chm sc khch hng sau khi cung cp sn phm

cng rt quan trng. N s lm cho khch hng c n tng tt v s chu o

v chuyn nghip ca NH, gp phn to ra mt lng khch hng truyn thng

ng o cho chi nhnh trong tng lai. Ti xin c nu vi gi nh cho

vic chm sc khch hng cho NH:

- Cui mi t tr li v gc cho mi khch hng, NH nn c th cm

n ti khch hng. Vo dp l Tt, chi nhnh nn gi thip chc

mng ti nhng khch hng truyn thng, nhng khch hng c

lng tin gi lnNhng vic lm ny tuy nh nhng li c tc

dng rt ln trong vic gi chn khch hng.

- Mi khi trin khai t huy ng vn mi, sn phm miNH nn c

s tuyn truyn rng ri khng ch tr s, phng giao dch m cn

nn ng bo, hoc pht t ri ti tay khch hng. Bn cnh vic

iu tra thm d kin ca khch hang v sn phm, dch v mi

cng l iu rt nn lm (c th pht bng cu hi n tn tay khchhng ti quy giao dch khch hng in vo).

- Ngoi nhng t trin khai huy ng vn bng Tit kim d thng

chi nhnh vn c th tng qu khch hng c nhn, t chc tu theo

lng tin gi.

Nhng vic lm ny tuy nh nhng li c tc dng rt ln trong vic gi

chn khch hng v n th hin s quan tm ca NH i vi khch hng camnh. lm c nhng vic ny NH nn y mnh hot ng ca b phn

marketing hn na

T vn v h tr ngi dn lm cc th tc lin quan n gi tin,

hng dn ngi dn cch s dng tin nhn ri hp l, ng thi gip ngi

dn hiu r v vai tr v nhng dch v tin ch ca Ngn hng. C chnh sch

khuyn khch gip ngi dn c tin gi Ngn hng tip cn vi dch v h tr

vn ca Ngn hng, ng thi hng dn h cch lm n c hiu qu t nhng

ng vn vay tn dng ca Ngn hngi vi nhng i tng ngng giao


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dch vi NH, cn tm hiu nguyn nhn ca khch hng ngng giao dch, rt

tin gi chuyn sang Ngn hng khc c bin php thch hp nhm khi

phc li v duy tr quan h tt vi khch hng. Tip cn cc siu th, khch sn,

nh hng, cng hng khng Ph Bi, cng Chn My - khu vc c nhiu ngi

nc ngoi ti m cc c s chp nhn th Visa, Master, Cash Card...

Tng cng tip cn, hp tc vi cc cng ty xut khu lao ng trn a

bn hng dn cch thc chuyn tin kiu hi, phn pht t ri, th chuyn

tin, gii p mi thc mc ca khch hng.

Ch ng phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng nhm qung b dch v

chi tr kiu hi, vit th gii thiu dch v ti ngi lao ng ca a phng

mnh ang nc ngoi.

T chc tt cng tc chi tr kiu hi, t vn, h tr khch hng, qung

b v tip th dch v ny ti cc im giao dch v CN.

3.2.3. M rng mng li hot ng khng ch trong nc m cn vn ra

th trng nc ngoi

Trc thc t MSB c t cc a im giao dch trn c nc, gy kh

khn cho khch hng khi tin hnh giao dch vi Ngn hng, MSB nn c mt

k hoch di hn m rng mng li cc chi nhnh v im giao dch ca

mnh.

Tin hnh lin kt, hp tc vi cc cng ty, doanh nghip, cc nh hng,

khch sn,.. t cc tr ATM, cc phng giao dch ca Ngn hng tin cho

vic phc v khch hng ti nhng a im .

3.2.4. Chnh sch li sut huy ng linh hot, ph hp

Ngy nay, trong khung cnh t do ho li sut Vit Nam, s cnh tranh

trong lnh vc Ngn hng, c bit l cnh tranh v gi ( thng qua li sut)

ang din ra quyt lit. Hu ht cc NHTM u coi li sut l mt trong nhng

cng c c hiu qu nht trong hot ng huy ng vn v a s khch hng khi

gi tin vo Ngn hng, c bit vi thi hn di th iu u tin m h quantm l li sut p dng l bao nhiu. Xc nh li sut cho ph hp l mt vn


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rt kh khn v li sut cho vay, li sut huy ng c nh hng trc tip n

li nhun ca Ngn hng. i vi Ngn hng th li sut huy ng l chi ph

ch yu, cc Ngn hng lun mong mun thu ht c vn vi chi ph r nn

lun c gng li sut mc ti thiu c th. Cn vi khch hng th ngc

li h mong mun li sut cng cao cng tt. Do Ngn hng cn thc hin

mt chnh sch li sut hp l dung ho c li ch ca ngi gi tin v

Ngn hng.

Vic thc hin c ch li sut tho thun to iu kin cho li sut phn

nh ng bn cht ca n trong quan h cung cu ca nn kinh t. Thc t l

trong thi gian qua li sut huy ng tin ng c y ln cao vi hnh thc

huy ng phong ph, hp dn khch hng. Cng nh tng li sut m ngun

tin gi c k hn chim t trng ngy cng ln trong tng s vn huy ng.

y chnh l s dch chuyn c cu ngun vn m by lu nay d mun nhng

cc Ngn hng thng mi vn khng lm c. Vic tng nhanh ngun vn

huy ng cn gip cho cc Ngn hng thng mi c kh nng p ng nhu

cu vn cho cc thnh phn kinh t, cc a phng vayTng li sut s tng

ngun vn huy ng cho cc t chc tn dng nhng ng thi n cng tc

ng ngc li theo hng thu hp li nhun hoc thu hp th phn tn dng.

Tuy nhin, hin nay Ngn hng vn thc hin qun tr li sut theo

phng php li sut c nh, thang li sut c lp sn, li sut quy nh cho

ton h thng Ngn hng (do hi s chnh ch th cho cc gim c chi nhnh

Ngn hng). Chnh sch li sut ca Ngn hng chm thay i, cha phn nh

kp thi li sut th trng, trong khi li sut l mt loi gi c c th thay

i tng ngy, tng gi. Do , thc hin t do li sut, Ngn hng cn quan

tm ti cc yu t nh hng n li sut. l:

- Li sut th trng: li sut ca Ngn hng a ra nu qu xa vi mt

bng ca li sut th trng, th s khng huy ng c tin gi (nu

li sut qu thp) hoc s khng cho vay (c nu li sut qu cao).

V li sut th trng ph thuc vo t l lm pht, t l d tr btbuc.


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- Chi ph hot ng ca Ngn hng: Li sut cho vay phi b p c

chi ph v c li.

-

Mi trng kinh t v trin vng pht trin: mt nn kinh t c trinvng pht trin cao s lm tng cu v vn dn n li sut tng v

ngc li.

Trong c ch t do ho li sut th li sut do cung cu vn tin t quyt

nh, nhng li sut ny li chu tc ng ca nhng nhn t trn, do vy Ngn

hng nn nghin cu nhng nhn t tc ng c chnh sch li sut thch

hp. Mt chnh sch li sut tt l chnh sch hng n cc gii php lm h

thp c chi ph u vo t gim c chi ph u ra, ngn nga v hn

ch ri ro li sut.

3.2.5. Gia tng tin ch v tnh cht ca sn phm huy ng

Cc sn phm ca Ngn hng ni ring v cc sn phm huy ng vn

ni chung u rt d bt chc. Hin nay, hu nh tt c cc Ngn hng u c

nhng sn phm huy ng vn c bn cht ging nhau nh: tin gi thanh ton,

tin gi k hn, tit kim c th thu ht khch hng, mi Ngn hng u

thm vo nhng sn phm truyn thng nhng tnh cht,c im, tin ch

mi nhm to ra nt c o ring. V d:

Tng cng cc tin ch cho tin gi thanh ton v th ATM:

+ Trin khai dch v thanh ton ho n in thoi, internet Banking,

home Banking...qua ti khon, th ATM cho khch hng hoc lm

dch v thu tin bo him v thanh ton bo him cho mt s i

tng nh bo him ti sn, bo him nhn th,... iu ny buc

Ngn hng cn phi tin hnh giao dch, lin kt vi cc cng ty bo

him, cng ty vin thng Nh vy s gp phn tng c vn huy

ng ng thi m ra thm c cc sn phm huy ng vn gn vi

cc mc tiu bo him nhm nng cao li ch ca khch hng, ca

cng ty bo him cng nh ca chnh MSB ni ring.


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+ Dch v u t t ng vi nhng khch hng c s d tin gi giao

dch ln. Khch hng c th yu cu NH u t theo mnh.

- Pht trin cc loi sn phm tin gi theo i tng gi tin datrn phn loi v thu nhp, tui tc, gii tnh.... Vic thc hin gii

php ny c th tn nhiu chi ph v thi gian song n to ra sc hp

dn, to c im nhn trong lot sn phm huy ng vn a dng

ca chi nhnh. Chng hn: vo nhng dp k nim ngy ca ph n

(20-10, 8-3), chi nhnh c th trin khai loi sn phm tin gi tit

kim kt hp vi vic tng qu khuyn mi, d thng...dnh ring

cho ph n vi nhng tin ch hp dn.

- i vi giy t c gi: m bo tnh hp dn ca tri phiu, li

sut ca tri phiu c th gm hai phn: (i) li sut c bn c tnh

theo li sut tin gi di hn ca Ngn hng thng mi, (ii) li sut

thng c tr thm tu theo t sut li nhun hng nm ca Ngn

hng. Ngoi ra, tng kh nng thanh khon ca tri phiu th tri

phiu nn c nim yt trn th trng chng khon.- Ngoi nhng u i v li sut, Ngn hng cn nghin cu pht hnh

cc loi tri phiu khc nh:

3.2.6. Hn ch dng vn ngn hn cho vay di hn

Vic lm ny c ngha v cng quan trng, n m bo an ton cho

hot ng ca Ngn hng, gip Ngn hng c mt c cu vn v ti sn hp l,

lnh mnh. thc hin c iu ny, khng cn cch no khc l phi tmmi cch gia tng c ngun vn trung di hn c th u t vo nhng d

n ln c li sut cao nhng vn phi m bo mt mc chi ph hp l. Ngn

hng c th pht hnh cc tri phiu vi k hn di c c ngun vn cho

vay ch ng, khng phi b p lc tr n ngay. NH cn pht hnh Tri phiu

c li sut th ni: l tri phiu c li sut th ni theo th trng hoc c

iu chnh bi Ngn hng. Ngn hng c th pht hnh loi tri phiu th ni

trong iu kin c mc lm pht kh cao v li sut th trng khng n nh,

Ngn hng c th khai thc tnh u vit ca loi tri phiu ny. Do cc bin


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ng ca lm pht ko theo s giao ng ca li sut thc, cc nh u t mong

mun c hng mt li sut tho ng khi so snh vi tnh hnh th trng.

Tuy nhin, khi p dng hnh thc tri phiu ny th Ngn hng cng gp mt s

kh khn trong vic lp k hoch ti chnh, xc nh chi ph li vay ca tri

phiu, qun l tri phiu i hi tn nhiu thi gian do Ngn hng phi thng

bo cc ln iu chnh li sut.

3.2.7. Mt s gii php khc

- Ci tin cng tc iu hnh qun l

cc hot ng ca Ngn hng ni chung v hot ng huy ng vnni ring t c kt qu cao i hi phi c s ch o iu hnh ng n

kp thi ca ban lnh o Ngn hng. Vic tng cng huy ng vn khng

phi l cng vic mt sm mt chiu m l mt hot ng lu di v quan

trng, do vy Ban lnh o Ngn hng phi ch ng nm vng ch trng

chnh sch ca ng, Nh nc, xu hng pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t

trong x hi. ng thi phi thng xuyn quan tm ch o cng tc huy ng

ngun vn, a ra cc chnh sch huy ng vn ph hp vi Ngn hng, phtng

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