7/29/2019 Liberalizacija potanskih usluga u EU do 2011

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Liberalizacija potanskih usluga u EU do 2011.

Drave lanice postigle su dogovor o liberalizaciji potanskih usluga u Europskoj uniji do 2011. Luxembourg i deset drugih

zemalja lanica dobile su dodatne dvije godine izuzetka za pripreme potpune liberalizacije.

Europske potanske usluge ve su liberalizirane u prolom desetljeu dobrim dijelom zahvaljujui zakonu koji je dopustiokonkurenciju u rastuem broju potanskih usluga.

Meutim, sauvana su prava na odravanje unosnog monopola nad isporukom pisama u 'rezerviranoj zoni', onim pismima

koji tee manje od 50 grama. Stoga je Europska komisija predlagala liberalizaciju prometa upravo tih poiljaka, to je

posljednja kategorija u kojoj nacionalne potanske kompanije nemaju konkurenciju.

Njemaka, Nizozemska, vedska i Velika Britanija vrsto su branile planove liberalizacije Europske komisije i u potrazi su za

otvaranjem novih trita za njihove nacionalne operatore.

Meutim, plan liberalizacije naiao je i na protivljenje nekoliko zemalja lanica. Nacionalni operatori u Francuskoj, Belgiji,

Luxembourgu, Italiji, panjolskoj, Grkoj, Poljskoj, Maarskoj i drugim novim zemljama lanicama tvrde da e Komisijin planunititi dravne operatore.

Bruxelles potpunom liberalizacijom potanskih usluga eli ukloniti posljednje ostatke doba u kojem su na tom podruju

dominirali dravni monopolisti te dovriti preobrazbu toga trita u konkurentni usluni sektor. Vrijednost sektora potanski h

usluga u EU procjenjuje se na vie od 90 milijardi eura godinje, a zapoljava vie od pet milijuna ljudi.

FULL LIBERALISATION IN THE POSTAL MARKET WILL

LEAD TO CHANGES IN COSTS, PRICES AND REGULATION16 August 2010Content type: ArticleTags:Policy development, Article, Regulation

In recent years, postal systems across Europe have evolved largely in response to a decline in the amount

of personal letters sent, an increase in parcel delivery services and, of course, greater liberalisation. As the

EC expects individual member states to open their postal markets to full competition by the end of 2010,

there are likely to be more radical changes in the market, with greater competition in the collection,

sorting and delivery of mail, and increased regulation of prices charged by dominant incumbent postal

providers.

Given the economies of scale in delivery, the majority of low-weight mail will most likely continue to be

delivered by the incumbent. Upstream competition, particularly for bulk mail, is well established in anumber of European member states, meaning that regulated downstream access prices are a key

component of regulation. Regulators need to establish a fair price for such wholesale services, typically

using an established wholesale regulatory pricing method. With the adoption of the Third Postal Directive,

this should be cost-based.

As incumbent postal providers compete in a liberalised market, NRAs need to ensure there is a fair

balance of cost recovery from competitive and dominant services. Accounting separation between these

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parts of the incumbents business may assist in this regulatory test, but the cost modelling required for this

in a vertically integrated, end-to-end, multi-product pipeline is demanding.

In a national postal network, assets and activities are shared between upstream and downstream activities,

both at the network periphery (collection and delivery) and in the mail centres. This requires costs to be

allocated objectively to the different areas, and any separated accounts for theoretical businesses will need

to tackle the shared costs carefully. Recognised regulatory costing approaches, such as activity-based

costing, fully-allocated costing or incremental costing, provide some solutions to the problem of sharing

out large costs.

A minority of costs come from capital assets, with staffing costs being the largest cost in an incumbent

mail providers business. Opex allocations, particularly staff costs, are typically hard to model. Capex may

be allocated by the asset functions, for which logistics, machines and technology normally perform well-

defined and measurable activities.

Postal networks are being modernised. Changes in demand, mail centre rationalisation, increasing

mechanisation and use of technology (e.g. bar-coded mail), combined with modernisation of the labour

force, must be taken into account.

Measuring the volume of mail by product type is also complicated. There are many different products in

multiple handling forms, and volumes are not uniquely known.

We have recently assisted UK regulator Postcomm investigate the regulated costs and prices of RoyalMails letter services, in support of a major new consultation into the future regulation of the UK mail

market following full market opening.

Our investigation of such issues for Postcomm has leveraged our deep knowledge of pricing, costing and

regulation in telecommunications markets. We recognise that there are many similar problems to solve in

increasingly liberalised postal markets, such as maintaining (or funding) the USO, effective regulation of

dominant players, economic costing and technology evolution. In our results, we can also reflect the areas

in which the postal market differs from telecoms, for example:

its inherent network asymmetry, where there is a one-way flow from sender to recipient, combined with a

small number of major (bulk-mail) senders

the high dependence on labour, and limited physical machinery (transportation, sorting machines)

the diversity of products in the system.Analysys Mason has the full range of strategic, financial accounting, economic cost modelling and

regulatory development skills which NRAs, policy makers and major postal service providers will require

as their postal markets develop in the coming years.