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ListeriosisListeriosisSýkingar Sýkingar íí mmöönnumnnumMMáár Kristjr Kristjáánsson, lnsson, lææknirknir
SSéérfrrfrææðingur ðingur íí lyfllyflæækningum og smitsjkningum og smitsjúúkdkdóómummum
Hazard Identification
The first reported case of foodborne listeriosis occurred in 1953, when the stillbirths of twins were linked to the mother’s consumption of unpasteurized milk from a cow with listerial mastitis. The significance of foods as a primary route of transmission for human exposure to L. monocytogenes was recognized when several large, common-source outbreaks of listeriosis occurred in the United States, Canada, and Europe during the 1980s. While L. Monocytogenes can be transmitted several ways–from mother to child, contact from animal to man, and hospital acquired–most cases of human listeriosis involve foodborne transmission.
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug AdministrationU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001
Hvar finnst Listeria?Hvar finnst Listeria?
ÍÍ umhverfinu umhverfinu íí::•• jarðvegi jarðvegi •• úúrgangi rgangi dýradýra og og
mannamanna•• rotnandi lrotnandi líífrfræænum num
efnumefnum•• vatnivatni•• skolpiskolpi
og matvog matvæælum...lum...
ListeriosisListeriosis hefur verið tengt:hefur verið tengt:
Ferskmeti Ferskmeti OstarOstarSalat (cole slaw)Salat (cole slaw)Reyktur silungur, Reyktur silungur, laxlaxGraflaxGraflaxRRæækjur
KjKjúúklingarklingarSvSvíínakjnakjööttSSúúkkkkúúlaðimjlaðimjóólklkMexMexííkkóóskur skur ostaosta
kjur
ListeriaListeria speciesspecies
L. L. monocytogenesmonocytogenesL. L. ivanoviiivanoviiL. L. innocuainnocuaL. L. seeligeriseeligeriL. L. grayigrayiL. L. welshmeriwelshmeri
ListeriaListeria moncytogenes moncytogenes (gram j(gram jáákvkvææður stafur)ður stafur)
Með halaMeð hala
O antigenH antigen
Hvernig kemst Listeria Hvernig kemst Listeria íí llííkamann?kamann?
Varnir Varnir gegngegn ListeriuListeriu
Frumubundin Frumubundin óónnææmissvmissvöörrThTh11--svsvöör vinna r vinna gegn gegn L. L. MonocytogenesMonocytogenesTNF TNF áásamt Ilsamt Il--12 og 12 og gamma interferon gamma interferon eru lykil cytokineru lykil cytokin
Eiga allir Eiga allir áá hhæættu að fttu að fáá Listeriosis?Listeriosis?
JJáá og nei!!og nei!!
Kona Kona semsem gengur með gengur með barnibarniFFóóstursturNýburarNýburarAldraðirAldraðirFFóólk lk áá óónnææmisbmisbæælandi landi meðferð (t.d. meðferð (t.d. sykursterar)sykursterar)
SjSjúúkdkdóómsmyndirmsmyndir
BlBlóóðsýkingðsýkingHeilahimnubHeilahimnubóólgalgaHeilabHeilabóólgalgaFFóóstursýkingarstursýkingarFFóósturlsturlááttHHúúðsýkingarðsýkingarLiðsýkingarLiðsýkingarHjartaþelssýking
IðrakveisaIðrakveisa
Hjartaþelssýking
Hver Hver erer ttííðni sjðni sjúúkdkdóómsins?msins?
USA USA 0,7 tilfelli/100,7 tilfelli/105 5 ííbbúúaaFrakklandFrakkland 1,3 1,3 tilfellitilfelli/10/105 5 ííbbúúaaDanmDanmöörkrk 0,7 0,7 tilfellitilfelli/10/105 5 ííbbúúaaSpSpáánn (nn (BarcelonaBarcelona) 1,1 tilfelli/10) 1,1 tilfelli/105 5 ííbbúúaaÍÍslandsland breytilegurbreytilegur fjfjööldi tilfella/10ldi tilfella/105 5
ííbbúúaa
RannsRannsóókn kn áá ÍÍslandislandi 19781978--20002000
TABLE 1. Age related incidence and mortality of non-perinatal listeriosis in Iceland during the period 1978-2000.
Number of patients Age groups
(years)
Number of
patients With predisposing
disease
On immuno-suppressive
therapy
Having fatal outcome of
disease
Mortality (%)
Incidence (per
million per year)
0 -9 1 0 0 0 0 1,1 10 to 19 1 1 1 0 0 1,1 20-29 0 - - - 0 30-39 0 - - - 0 40-49 4 1 1 0 0 6,4 50-59 2 1 0 0 0 4,1 60-69 4 4 4 2 50 10,5 70-79 4 3 2 2 50 15,1 80-89 6 4 1 3 50 52,4 >90 1 0 0 0 0 61,3 all age groups 23 14 9 7 30 4,3
Einar K. Hjaltested og félagar. Scan J Inf Dis 2002
RannsRannsóókn kn áá ÍÍslandislandi 19781978--20002000
TABLE 2. Predisposing condition, mortality, morbidity and median age of different clinical forms of non-perinatal listeriosis in Iceland during the period 1978-2000.
Number of patients Number of
patients with predisposing condition (%)
having fatal outcome of disease (%)
having permanent neurological sequele (%)
Mean age (SD)
CNS infection 12 6 (50%) 3 (25%) 1 (8%) 61,8 (24,0) Septicemia 9 8 (89%) 4 (44%) 0 (0%) 69,3 (24,9) Skin infection 2 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 50,0 (5,0) Total 23 14 (61%) 7 (30%) 1 (4%) 63,7 (24,4)
Einar K. Hjaltested og félagar. Scan J Inf Dis 2002
ÖÖll þekkt tilfelli af Listeria monocytogenes ll þekkt tilfelli af Listeria monocytogenes mannatilfelli 1978mannatilfelli 1978--20042004
Listeriosis á Íslandi (fjöldi tilfella)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Perinatal cases Non-perinatal cases
Greining listeriosis eftir mGreining listeriosis eftir máánuðumnuðum
FIG. 2. Month of diagnosis of all cases of listeriosis in Iceland during the period 1978-2000.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Janu
ary
Febr
uary
Mar
ch
Apr
il
May
June July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Dec
embe
r
MONTH OF DIAGNOSIS
NU
MB
ER O
F C
ASE
S
Einar K. Hjaltested og félagar. Scan J Inf Dis 2002
HjHjúúpgerð Listerpgerð Listerííu u hefurhefur breystbreyst
FIG. 3. Serotypes of L. monocytogenes isolated from patient with listeriosis in Iceland during the period 1978-2000.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1978-1982 1983-1987 1988-1992 1993-2000
PERIOD
NU
MB
ER O
F C
ASE
S
Serotype1/2aSerotype1/2bSerotype 4b
Einar K. Hjaltested og félagar. Scan J Inf Dis 2002
Að lokumAð lokum
FrFrææða þða þáá sem eru sem eru íí ááhhæættuhttuhóóp p
Heilbrigði matvHeilbrigði matvæælala
GreiningartGreiningartææknikni
MiðlMiðlææg skrg skrááningning