1

Vjk kf}

;DkfbsLo

k'vf{+ bo\s tsu' ;DklQ, emLu' snf j ;+:s[lt

lksfs—Vjk gu/kflnsf

g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#( ly+NnfYj÷@)&% k'; !÷ 2018 December/ NofM#, bf““M !

lksfs– Vjk gu/kflnsf÷;Dkfbs—cfzfs'df/ lrs+a~hf/÷yfs"—eQmk'/ ckm;]6 k|];kmf]g NofM – )!–^^!))(^, O–d]n – bhaktapurmun@gmail.com

dfcf] T;] t'ª

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfof 5'k]+ h'of]Rj+Dx ;/sf/emLu' b]zo\b'g] u}/;sf/L -PghLcf]_ j cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf -cfOPghLcf]_ t t:s+ lnOdnfs h'of]Rj+u' bM . yL yL b]of cfly{s

;xof]uof gfdo\ Hofem\jM Gx\oflsk'+ pu' ;+:yf to\;+ hft, wd{ j efiffof lnw+;fo\ yMstof ;fDk|bflos vf“Nxfª yMu' Hof tKo+s Rj+u' bM. t/ ;/sf/s]]wM;f emLu' b] b'g] u'ln chu' PghLcf], cfOPghLcf]t bM < cld;+ ugf ugf 5' 5' Hof ofª Rjgf < bf“obf“;+ u'nL w]af vr{ofª Rjgf < wfo\u' NofMrfx] d? . ck'+ yM oTy]+ ofOk'+ ckf/bzL{ bs s'+lvª Rj+u' bM.

;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\of NofMrfM sfy+ cf=j= @)&$÷&% vo\ hs &@# u' -Gxo\; j gL:j+u"_ PghLcf] to;+ emLu' b]zo\ @) ca{ :jof] cKjMvr{oft . ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ P]g @)$( of gLlt sfy+ cld;+ Hof ;fg] Gxof]“ :jLs[lt ds;L+ dufu' vM. ;/sf/+ cldtf lro\ dkmano\ ck'+ emg 5f8f-5f?jf_ h"u' vM.

cf]nLof slhvo\ b'O{ltxfO ax'dt bMu' g]skf wMlklgu' ;/sf/ cM emLu' b]zo\ bM . @)$^ ;fn lnkf y'ln cMk'u' ax'dt u'u' g+ kf6L{+ xo\ kmMu'd? . cf]nL ;/sf/ -;x Uj;fvn_ ;x–cfof]hs h'of] /fhwfgL o]“ ljjfbf:kb o'lge;{n lk; kmfpG8];gof Hof em\jM Sjrfo\sn . yMu' x] Hof em\jMy+] ofª ;/sf/+ plsof nflu+ b bSj ;+oGq 5\on . pu" Hof em\jM vo\ AjltsMjk'+ g]tft gkf+ k|wfgdGqL cf]nL :jGx'ts afn'jf6f/ TjMt xf]6]n] Rjg .dfwj g]kfn yM x] d" kfxf+ y]+ Rj+s h'n . :jlguno\ k]Gx'ts hf], ljhf] g+= of uf8L t 5Gx' cf“t+ rn]] ofs]u' vf“ SjMl5t . t/ hgtf+ t:s+ lj/f]w of;]ln+;fltv'Gx' x] j vf“ lntfsfo\u'ln afWo h'n .

;g\ !(() kfv] ;f]leot ;+3 dbo\s Sjrfyo\s]u'ln d" kfqof e"ldsf lDxtDxf bs gf+bf+Dxf sDo'lgi6 lj/f]wLbs km'Ssl;g+ Dxf:o"Dxfo'lglkms];g rr{ lg:jf+Dxf d'gof hxfg cn] Yj Hof em\jM of d" kfxf+ xs hf d'gkfv]+ 5u"nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ lsl5of bf+ gkf+ ‘g]t[Tj j ;'zf;g’ gf+u'kbs g+ k|wfgdGqL cf]nL+ sfn . u'ln b]zo\ k|ltaGw ofª tMu' pu' ;+:yfof ;x Uj;fvnM h'of] pu" Hof em\jM vo\ UjfxfnL ofu'ln+ ;/sf/tf tl;s+s'+lvª Rj+u' bM . b]zo\ bSj gu/kflnsf j ufp“kflnsfof k|d'v pkk|d'vto\tf g]Dxfltk'+ jo b}u' Joj:yf gkf+ tMlhs Hof em\jM xfª Sjrfo\sn . wd{lg/k]If emLu' b]zo\ ;/sf/+ x] yM :jod\ 5u" wfld{s ;+:yfof d'+Hofvo\ shL h'of] Hof;f+u' t:s+ nHofrfo\k'u' vf“bs k]v]/ s'+lvª Rj+u' bM . u'An] d]“oftf k'hfofª u'An]+ cfOPghLcf]of 5'k]+ h'of] No" No" jfª g]skf ;/sf/ j y'lsof g]tft yMtf yd+ Sjx\o+s Rj+u' bM. Gx"u' ;/sf/ lg:jf+u' Rofnf u'nfbt . y'lsof b'g] ofu' d]d]u' Hof gkf+ Yj Hofg+ b]z j ;+ljwfglj/f]wL Hof vM. y'ls+ ;/sf/ofo\u' hs a]OHht dv' sDo'lgi6 gf+ of ;/sf/+ ofªsDo'lgi6 kf6L{to\u' x] a]OHht h'n .

Vjk gu/kflnsf+ Gx"u' PghLcf] rfo\s] dlao\u' cn] k'nf+u' g+ t:s+x] Dx\jhs gjLs/0f ofo\u' dlt+ Hof ;fª jof] Rj+u' oftf t:s+ Rj5fo\ axu'bs k|z+;f ofª Rj+u' bM . 8n/ s'o\dMk'+ Yj Hofv+ c;Gtf]if hs dv' t:s+ t+Djo\s g+ Rj+u' bM . GxoflyGof]u' sx/ go\dM;f+ PghLcf] to\tf TjMttMDxf bf]x“;f“y]+ 5f?jf Tjt] dHo" . s]Gb| lg;]+ :yfgLo tx cy] wfo\u' ;/sf/of Rjo\lg;]+ Sjo\y]+sof lgsfo\ to\;+ cldtf af“nfs\ :jo\u', Dxfl;Os knfl5odMu' t:s+ cfjZos vfg] bM. Ono\ x] emL;+ jfrfo\s] dkmM;f Yjld;+ yMu' OR5f sfy+ :yfgLo j k|b]z sfg'g bo\s]u', ljsf; of]hgft x\ou' k|:tfjt xMUjO{ . emLs]x] dGo;]+ cld;+ b]of ;fj{ef}ldstf j :jtGq b]of emL hgtf wfo\tf nHof h'Ou' Hof ;fª x} . chu' lbg jo\ Gxof]“ x] emL ;r]th'odkm";f lnkf xfn Rjª+f nLnfOdv' . e'y'nL jfg] Gxkf g:nfsfo\u' lnkf ydh' .’

Vjk kf}

2

;g\ !(%(–^) kfvo\jos --gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“_Pl;ofO–clk | msL o 'jf jljBfyL{to\u' :jf:Yo lgjf;o\Rjª b\o"u' h'n . k]lrªuof#) lsld pQ/kfv] kftfr'wfo\u' yf;o\ pu" :jf:Yolgjf;of ejg bMu' h'n . cfgfRj+u' g]nf Konflnkf k]lrªuofaf+af+nfu' yfo\ kfs{ j P]ltxfl;s;+u|xfno\t cjnf]sgof lg+lt+jos lk+tf o+su' h'n . ªfnfv 'nflnkf yL yL d ' +Hof-;ef;df/f]x_ vo\ Ajltsfo\s]u'g+ ofu' h'n .

pAn] rLgo\ Pl;of jclk|msL b]zof twf+, lrwf+u' b]zjf hg;+Vof cKjM Dxjof Nofrf dt;]+b]of /fi6«klt j k|wfgdGqL t e|d0foflg+lt+ emfof] Rjlgu' h'n . pAn]ofn;s'; Hofem\jM gkf+ aMlGxof/fqLef]ho\ g+ Ajltsfo\u' cj;/k|fKt ofu' h'n . chu' Hofem\jMtcKjMwfo\y]+ hgk|ltlglw ;ef ejgo\x] h'Ou' h'n . ;n+; dg"to\;+ AjltsfOu' pu" ;df/f]xvo\ ;' ugf Rjg]u'< wfo\u' gf+ Rjof] 6]a'no\ ltsM tOu'y f;o \ Rjg ]d Mu ' Joj:yf

ofª t}u' h'n .josof wfk' sfy+ –‘lhRjg]u'

6]a'no\ lh gkf+ GxofAn]+ rLg g]kfnd}qL ;+3of 5Dxf afHoMltjf+Dxf kf;f5Dxf b}u' h'n . lh gkf+ 5Dxf-lrlsT;s_ 8fS6/ j efo\ lxnljODxf bf]efif] g+ b}u' h'n . ljb]zLkfxf+ j lrlgof“ g]tfto\u' cf}krfl/sefif0flnkf lrlgof“ k|wfgdGqL rfpPg nfO km'Ss wfo\y]+ 6]a'n lyOsemfof] ;sn]+ ;xefuL h'of] Rj+k' kfxf+t

gkf+ v“NxfaNxf ofª bL .:jf:Yo, 5]+ hM lg;]+ JolQmutvf“t Goª bL . lh GxofAn]+tSjftk'ln k'of] emLu' b]of g+sf]km]g+ ;'?j lkmof] pu' Hofem\jMvo\ Ajlt sfo\u' h'n .k|wfgdGqL rfp Pg nfO lhu'6]a'nvo\ lyOs emfof] lhDxflrlsT;sofs] lhu' :jf:Yoaf/]Goª bL . bf]efif] g+ lhtfUjfxfnL ofª bL . k|wfgdGqLrfp Pg nfO h'+ dyf+ le+p;f“o\of sfdgf of;] 5]+ df+ af}ofkf} j dju' vf“ gkf+ df+af}of:jf:Yoofaf/] g+ Goª bL .

pu' Ono\of g]kMof k|wfgdGqLaL=kL= sf]O/fnfoftf :jf:Yo

lgjf;o\ n;s'; ofo\u' cf}krfl/s Hofem\jM vo\ kf;flkG;+ gkfnfo\ wfo\u'cfu|x ofan] k|d+ rfp Pg nfO g+yMUjfxflnldlkGtf Hofem\jM Uj;M Ujo\tfwfof] lbn . cM em08} v'Obf lnkfpAn] rfp Pg nfO g+ g]kM b] jfg]kMldlkGtf 5lt+ x] d]k'+ gkf+ dkfs,py]+vfª ofª b\o"u' ;b\efj n'dfªj}an] lhu' dgo\ cM g+ >4f a'of]j}u' . j Ono\ lh @) bf“of NofDxf]DxfAjgfld vM. lhu' 6]a'no\ GxofAn]+ gkf+

k|wfgdGqL rfp Pg nfOof ;f}xfb{k"0f{ Jojxf/-xfg]axDxf g]dlskfof gfof] gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“ gkf+ h"u' v“Nxfa“Nxfof lnw“;fo\ jos yf}+ :jof]

em08} ^) bf Gx\of] rLgo\ pkrf/of lg+lt+ emM ano\of n'dlGt_

g]dlskfsf gfof] gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“ -/f]lxt_

;+:d/0f

3

Vjk kf}b}Dxf afHof]jf+Dxf j lrlgof“ kf;fg]kMof lg+lt+ Gxkf+Dxf /fhb"t ofª5\jof] xMan] lh+ g]kfno\ gfknft .gfknfan jos+ lhtf 5+ Dxfl;nnfbs Goª lbn . lh+ Dxfl;n wf wf+dxfdlxdh'oftf lhldu' b]zo\ n;s';bM wfo\j+ –‘emL k'nf+k'+ kf;f vM’hs jos+ wfof] lbn . lh+ wfofwfTy]+ x] vM. g]kfld j rfOlghk'nf+k'+ j t:s+ le+k'+ kf;f vM. pu'Nofo\Dxf] j};vo\ rLgo\ Rjªfu'Ono\of lrlgof“ hgtf j lrlgof“g]tfto\u' emLu' b] g]kMk|ltof b'Uo+u'dfof -;f}xfb|{tf_ j josk'+ g]kM rfxo"emMu' cM g+ emnemn n'df+s Rjªf .

lrlgof“ gf} -gflkt_ kf;fgkf+ of 5emfM

pAn] qmflGt lnkf lh rLgo\Rjªfjno\ :jf:Yo ejgo\ 5DxfljBfyL{tf ;f“ Rofs]tf 3f}5L O{ aLu' .cn] ;f“ Rofo\u' kM j O{ gkf+of 6f]sgg+ aL . lhu' kfo\5L Ono\ lh Yo+sjfg]ano\ 5Dxf dg"oftf ;f“Rofs] w'+s5f]of] jos gflkt kf;f 5emf nf+sL .jx] Ono\ r'/f]6 5k' ;fnL . j r'/f]6;flnu' Ono\ jos gkf+ lh k'nf+u'rLgofaf/] v“Nxfa“Nxf ofo\u' . pu'Ono\ lh+ jos ofs] ofªfu' Gxo;Mof ln;M yy] bM .! lrlgof“ qmflGt h'o Gxof]+ l5+5' Hof ofª lbof <–pAn] lh 5Dxf hldgbf/ vM.@_ l5u ' a 'O “ cM ; 'g + Hof;flgu' <– km'Ss a'“ Hof;flgk'+ ls;fg to\tfx]

Oª lao w'g .#_ 5fo\ no\ <– e"ld;'wf/o\ jf:tljs ls;fgto\tfx]+ a'“ Oª aL . ;'g+ a'O“ Hof ;fgL, a'“jfo\u', x] h'O . pls+ a'“ km'Ss jf:tljsls;fgto\tf Oª laofu' h'n .$ l5u' a'“, l5+ 5fo\ ydg+ dofl;+d] lkGtf laofn] <

lh+ a'O“ Hof ofo\ dkmof pls+lh+ Yj ;f“ Rofs]u' Hof Noof . y'ls+lhtf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ltf bSj tnab} . y'ls x] lh t:s+ ;Gt'i6 h'of]Rjªf .

x x xb]uM j -ljxf/_ of aGbf]a:t

:jf:Yo lgjf;o\ Rjªfan] j:jf:Yo lgjf;+ ljbf sfof] yL yLk|fGtof b]uM rflxnfan] km'Ssyf;o\

or'lkr's tof] tMu' bM. t/ Bf]efuLofOk'+ j k"hf ofOk'+ wM;ftl;s+x] Dx\j hs vfg] bM.

cfgfofo\k'+ leIf' j k'hf/L-Bf]kfnf_ to\s] 5ldu' aGbf]a:tgkf+ u'7Lofo\u' hUuf ;/sf/+ 5'oftf< gkf+ b]uM Nxjg]u' ;'g+ofO < bsGoªfan] km'Ss yf;o\ 5kf Dx"t'+wMy]+ Yj t:s+ k'nf+u' b]uM j ljxf/vM. qmflGtlnkf y'lsoftf Nxjg]u'Hof oft . u'u' Hof k|wfgdGqLrfp Pg nfO h'of lgb]{zgo\ h'Ou'vM. y'lsofo\u' hUuf e"ld;'wf/ofOno\ km'Ss jf:tljs ls;fg to\tfOª lan . p;f+ lg;]+ lhldu' tnaj b]uM Nx\jg]sg] gkf+ d]Mu' km'SsJoj:yf ;/sf/+ x] ofª jof] Rj+u'

bM . wfo\u' ln;M laof] lbn .rLgof yhu' aGbf]a:t :joan]

emLu' b]zo\ g+ d7, b]uM, dxGt, k'hf/L,km'Ssof Joj:yf ;/sf/kfv]+ h'o dMu'vM. ;+3 /fHoof aGbf]a:t h'o w'+su'ln+eltrf cKjMu' -dWod :t/ ofo\u'_ d7b]uM to\u' Joj:yf k|b]z;ef+ j lrRoflrRofx|f+u' b]uM :df/st yMu' u5]-Ifdtf_ :jof] :yfgLo lgsfotf Ao";faf“nf h'O . :yfgLo lgsfo j k|b]z+Nx\jg] dkmu' km'Ss ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/,b]uM d7 km'Ss of lhDdf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/kfv]+ sfo\ dflnu' h'n . t/ emLu'b]zof ef}uf]lns l:ylt :jo\an] s]Gb| jk'/ftTj ljefu j u'yL c8\8f+ @)k|ltzths Nxjg]sg] ofu' vfg] b .pls+ yhu' lhDdf :yfgLo lgsfo jk|b]ztf Ao";f Jojxfl/s h'O .

lrlgof“ k|wfgdGqL rfp Pg nfO

Vjk kf}

4

dfcf] T;] t'ª\uof 5TjMrf Dxfl;sfM–rLgof x'gfg k|fGtof :of+utf+u c~rnof

zfp zfg wfo\u' ufdo\ dfcf] wfo\u' kl/jf/o\ @^l8;]Da/ !*(# v'Gx'+ dfcf] t\;] t'ª\u a"u' vM.

dfcf] g+ yM afHofkfv]+ sf+u' cfgfofo\k'+h'h' k'+ cn] yMu' b]z gof] Rj+k' ;fd|fHojfbLtgkf + Nj fª ls;fg to\tf a'“, Oª Ao"u' !*%!

of ‘tfOlk+u ls;fg ljb|f]x’ ofafv+t t:s+ SjlyOs GoªyMtf g+ 5Dxf ljb|f ]xLbosn . dfcf]of AjfDxfdfp z' /f]ª\u kN6g] hflu/gof] w]af sd] ofª Rj+Dxfh'n . j\osof dlt w]afd 'g ]u ' hs h"u 'ln +s+h';hs dv' yMkl/jf/oftf gs]tf x]ltl;ODxf h'of]Ono\ Jono\ Njfk'

h'O . t/ dfcf] T;]t'ªof df+ j]g lrg d]Og+ b'MvL

ul/alkGtf UjfxfnL ofu', a'4 k"hf ofu' cn] yMhxfg+ dvf+s h';f+ d?k'+, dl5+lkGtf UjfxfnL ofu':jof] Rj+Dxf dfcf]ofo\ dgo\ g+ yhu' x] ;]jfefjof dlt+ hfof] jn . u'lsoftf yMu' hLjgofd" p2]Zo bo]sn .

* bf“ ban] cfvM Ajg]u' ;'?ofDxf dfcf]!# bf“of pd]/\o ufdo\of :s"no\ Ajg] l;wo\sn. jof Ajf g+ ckM Ajgls+ :og]of] wfwf+ dfcf]oftfg+ -Jofkf/_ ago\ o+s]u' Hof oft . t/ dfcf]ofAj]gu' OR5f oSj bMu'ln+ aGxL lnafSs atfrfRofs h";f+ cfvM Ajg]u' ofª lbn .

ljb]zL n'6fxfto\;+ rLgoftf Ajyn zf;gofo\tf+u' wfo\u' ;fkm' Ajª dfcf] g+ b]zk|]dofefjgf Ajn+s lbn gkf+ ‘x/] ¤ rLg Wj:t h'Og’wfo\u' vf“k' Ajg] w'+s uy] ofª rLgoftf No+sto\ km} wfo\u' dlt+ Hof ;fª lbn . y'ls+ 5]+ af}gkf+ yfsy's g+ h'n .

pAn]x] josof kfh'+ b]zo\ dfcf]oftf ;x/kfv] o+s cfvM Aj+s]dMu' vf“ xUjMano\ af}Dxfl;g+lj/f]wof;f+ cfvM Ajª g+ w]af sd]ofo\ km} wfo\u'vf“vo\ vM tfo\s cfvM Aj+s] 5f]t . t'+u t}zfgofpu" :s"no ‘Gx'k'+ hgtf’ wfo\u' ;fkm" Ajª /fi6«elQmRj hfo\sn;f hfkfg+ kf;ofª jDx df:6/ kfv]+lrgfv“of ljifo vf“ y'Osn . cfgf josn+ k'nf+u'lrlgof“ ;flxTo j Oltxf; t:s“ Wofg tof] Ajªlbn gkf+ ljb]zL Oltxf; j e"uf]n g+ Ajªlbn . cfgfof u'?lklgu' b]zelQm Gjr' v+ josk|efljt h'of] lbn .

plsof bfR5Llnkf jo\s x'gfgof/fhwfgL rfª\;f wMu' yf;o\ Aj“ emfn . cfgfjosn+ bSsn] Gxkf+ qmflGtof ljifono\ Rjof]tMu' ‘hgtfof zlQm’ wfo\u' cvaf/ Ajª lbn .pAn] rLgo\ sf]ldªtf+u kf6L{ bSsn] aNnfu' jcd]l/sfo\ Rjª Rj+Dxf ;g oft ;]gof pu"kf6L{of g]tfof p2]Zo a]nfot j cd]l/sfo\ y'hu'Joj:yf xou' vM. Yj vf“ v+ dfcf]tf /fhgLltvo\n'Q'n'of] o+sn .

rLgo\ pynk'yn h'of] Rj+u' Ono\dfcf] g+ nlR5of & tsf bf+ sfof] kN6go\ egf{h'of]lbn . yfo\ yf;o\ Njfk' h'n . d+r' ;/sf/sf]bn . ;g oft ;]g c:yfO{ /fi6«klt h'n .lnkf u'6aGbL j hfnem]n v+ jos+ /fhLgfdfofª lbn . d]Dxf ;}lgs clkm;/ o'jfg lzx

sf= /f]lxt+ Rjof] b\o"u' ‘dfcf] T;]t'ªsf] hLjgL’ kfv]+ ;fef/dfcf] T;] t'ª\uof Dxfl;sf

5

Vjk kf}

sfO{ /fi6«klt h'n . n8fO“ Sjrfn . dfcf] ofn8fO“ Gxofs+t'+ o+s]u' dlt b;f+ jos lklg ;Demf}tfof;]ln+ dfcf] g+ kN6gof hflu/ TjMtlbn .

pls+lnkf rfªzfo\ gd{n :s"no\ jos+Hof ;fª lbn . cfgf josg+ ljBfyL{ k'rM5Yj lgM:jfg . u'ls+ k|ltlqmofjfbL to\;+sn]hoftf 5fpgL bo\s] wMu'of lj?4o Njfª;kmntf k|fKt oft . josn+ k':tsfno Hof ;f+;f+ ljleGg lj4fgk'+ gkf+ v“NxfaNxf, ;Nnfx ofof+yL yL dfS;{jfbL klqsf, ;f“km' Aj“ Aj“ yLyLcfGbf]ngo\ ;lqmo h'of] lbn . @! h'nfO{ !(@!v'Gx'F lrlgof“ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{of :yfkgf oftfu'ls dfcf] g+ 5Dxf b'hM Non . jos g+ lrlgof“sDo'lgi6 kf6L{of ;+:yfksdWo] 5Dxf vM . josx'gfg k|fGtof ;]qm]6/Lvo\ Non .

yMs] dfs;{jfbof :oNnfu' 1fg bo\w'+sjosn+ l;gl;xtfO -Gx"u' o'u_ wfo\u' Gx"u' klqsflkyfg . cn] vfgL, /]n, gfu/kflnsf 5fkfvfgf,;/sf/L 6S;f/of HofdL to\tf ;+u7gofª 5Kkf–5lwofª dhb'/ cfGbf]ng xHofsn . kz':jof]Sjoofo\u' hLjgof d'lQm x] qmflGt vM. wfo\u'vf“ y'o\j+ nfvf} Hofldt 5Kkf5lw h'of] Njft

rLgofo\u' pu' zlQm aNnfu' qmflGtsf/LzlQm h'n .:j+u"u' dxflwj]zg !(@# v+ hgjfbLqmflGt k" jf+su'vM;f ;j{xf/f ju{of g]t[Tjj ls;fg ;d:oftf g+ gkf+ o+s]dMu' gLltkf; oft . sf]ldªtfªgkf+ ldn]h'of]tMwf+u' qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ h'of] :oNnfu'cfGbfn]g ofo\u' vf“ Sjl5t . u'u' Hoft:s+ ;kmn h';]ln+ dfcf]tf blIf0fkGyLwfof] kf6L{+ lnsfn .pls+lnkf jos+ yMu' uf+ zfpzfg emfof];fd|fHojfb j ;fdGtjfbof lj?4o\ NjfOk'+kf6L{ sfo{stf{ j ;+u7g bo\s 5u" axgL

cfvM Ajg]u' :s"n g+ rfo\sn . pu' kf6L{+ cGgofplrt d"No, plrt Hofnf, xfs' Jofkf/db\os]u'ln cfGbf]ng xHofsn . u'u' cfGbf]ngt:s+ ;kmn h'n . rLgofo\u' j:t'l:ylt y'Os!(@^ vo\ dfcf] g+ ‘lrlgof“ ;dfho\ ju{ofljZn]if0f’ wfo\u' Rj;' Rjof] qmflGtof zq' jldq 5'6]ofª lbn . u'ls+ofª qmflGtof cfwf/tof/ h'n .

k|rf/, ;+u7g, hgzlQm, u'Kt va/,;d:of Ao+s]u' km'Ss km'Ss sDo'lgi6t\o;+ ;osfln+blIf0fkfv]of df]tL v';L lg;]+ pQ/of ofª;Lv';Lts zq'to\tf a's]u'ln sDo'lgi6tM ;kmnh'n . 5l;sfy+ !(@^ vo\ x'gfgo\ ls;fgto\;+yL yL cfGbf]ng ofª ån+å Gxof]lg;]+ Gx\ofs jof]Rj+u' ;fdGtL hldg\bf/ k|yf Wj:t ofª lan .u'ls+ sf]ldªtfª ;/sf/t:s+ Uoft . plstf‘cfjf/f’ pkb|to\u' k'rM wfwf+ Sjt]no\u' Hofoft . t/ sDo'lgi6to\;L+ emg\dUof;]+ ;+3if{oftfxHofsn . kf6L{ b'g] j lkg] of vf]6fu' ljrMoftv08g of;]+ cg]s ;+3if{ ofof+ nfn;]gf gkf+ xMg]Rjª xMkM Ao" Ao"“ qmflGt j ldk';f cy] x] vM5SjMrf ldk';f+ u'“ x] 5jo\s] kmM wfwf+ pt\;fx

dfcf] T;] t'ª\uof Dxfl;sf

Vjk kf}

6

tª hgtftf Ujfs lan . rLgo\ qmflGtof nAa'bª j}u' kSsf x] h'n . ;'hBf] n'o\ Gxf] jdrfa'o\ Gxof]of cj:yf y+] qmflGt r/dl;dfo\Yolgano\ emf;'nf+s]u' dv' a? ;zQm ;+3if{ofo\dM Yjx] cfh' Hjª –– !* cS6f]a/ !(#$lg;]+ Sofª\u;Lof nfn Onfsf+ Gxofsu' tfxfsªfof] jfg]u' -nfdf] lx+8fO_ cleofg+ zq' ;]gfto\tf a's]u', lrOs jfg]u' dxfg Hofem\jM @^*Gx" ts dlbSs Gxofsn . cg]s ;d:ofoftfyfs' drf;]+ Gxofsu' pu' cleofgx] rLg :jtGqh'Ou' af“nfu' nIf0f h'n . josof wfk' sfy+y'hu' Ono\ Hof ofo\u' x] d" vf“ h'o\d . go\ Tjg]j cf/fd wfo\u' lnkf ofo\u' vf“ vM.

nfn;]gf to\;+ hgtf gkf+ ldnh'of]cldtf ;o\s] y'Os] ljou' gkf+ 5kf5lw ofª;fdGtlj/f]wL ;+3if{ xMlrOs+ lrOs+ yfo\yf;o\qmflGtsf/L cfwf/ Onfsf bos+ bos+ nfn;]gfvo\ etL{ ofof+ hgtfof kIf Hof ;f“ ;f+jfg . cflv/ ! cS6f]a/ !($( ;o\ cWoIfdfcf] g+ k]lsª\uof y]gcfg d]g rf]so\ ‘rLgo\

hgjfbL u0ftGq nfu' h'n wfo\u' 3f]if0ff ofªlbn . rLg 5u" ;dfhjfbL b]of ?ko\ xHoft .u'u' cMts+ ;+;f/oftf nf“k' Solgu' Joj:yf h'of]Rj+u' bM .

t:s+ kl/>dL ljBfyL{, 5Dxf qmflGtsf/Ll;kfxL, cn] b]zeQm ;+u7gstf{ cWoIf dfcf]b]zeQm, ;dfh j b]zoftf xHofs]of lg+lt+ dlbOsGxofª jof]Rj+Dxf of]4f, hgtfof g'u vf“ Rjo\kmDxf;flxTosf/ gkf+ kqsf/of d[To' ( ;]K6]Da/ !(&^;+ h'n .

ju{;+3if{tf TjM dlkmOs o+s]dMu', lg:jfy{?k+ hgtfof ;]jf ofo\u', ul/a ls;fgof e/o\dWodls;fgto\tf g+ gkf+o+s ;j{xf/f ju{ qmflGtofGx\on'jf h'ou' qmflGtof lg+lt+ 5Kkf 5lw h'o\kmMk'+k'mSsgkf+ ldn] h'of] hgtf, k|hftGq j ;dfhjfbLqmflGtofo\u', ;j{xf/f x's'doftf aNnfs ;dfhjfbLJoj:yf ;fDojfbts jfg]u' jos ofo\u' TjlkmOs]dk}mu' lzIff vM . jo\sofo\u' ljrMof t'Ohnf+o'u–o'uts ;j{xf/f ju{oftf nfFk' Soª Rjlg .

Vjk gkfof d]o/ ;'lgnk|hfklt gkf+ g]kfnu~hpkdxfgu/kflnsfof

hgk|ltlglwtM .

lskf

7

Vjk kf}

1f+ d¿k'+ dg" t Wjf+ h'Ow fo \u ' v f “ y ' Os Vjkgu/kflnsfof hgk|ltlglwlkG;+lzIffoftf RjGx\ofs] dMu' af+nfu'dlt+ Hof;fª sn]h rfo\su' g+!( bf“ bt . @)%^ ;fno\ Vjkpdflj lg:jf+g] w'+s yL yL d]u'sn]h g+ 5l;sfy+ lg:jf;f +dlbOs knf Gx\ofs Rj+u' bM .Yj x] em\jno\ @)%^ ;fno\ VjkOl~hlgol/ª\u sn]h j @)^%; fno \ Vjk sn ]h ck mOl~hlgol/ª\u lg:jfg] w'+s emLu'b]of lg+lt+ dbos dufk'+ nfxfto\ Hofj ;Lk bMk'+ k|fljlws hgzlQmAjnf+s jof] Rj+u' bM . j b] jhgtfof lg+lt+ tMwf+u' of]ubfg vM .

Vjk gu/kflnsf + g ]u "Ol~hlgol/ª\u sn]hgkf+ v'u" sn]h5u" dflj j v'u" drft :jOu' lzz':ofxf/ s]Gb| rfo\s Hofem\jM Gx\ofsjof]Rj+u' bM. :yfgLo ;/sf/;~rfng P]g @)&$ 5\on j;f+lg;]+dflj tlu+tsof lhDdf gu/kflnsftfjn . Yj gu/ b'g]of ;fd'bflos j;+:yfut gkf+ (@ u" Ajg]s'ly to\u'Joj:yfkg gu/kflnsf+ x] ofª jof]Rj+u' bM . emLu' g]kM b] b'g ]lzz':ofxf/ s]Gb| lg;]+ sn]htsAj+s]u' Joj:yf ofª jof]Rj+u' Vjk

gu/kflnsf 5u" x] hs vM. YjRj5fo\axu' Hof bs oSjl;g+ wfof]jof] Rj+u' vf“ v M.

Yj sn]h lg:jfg ]tfhgk|ltlglwkf;fk'+, Vjkof :yfgLohgtf j ljz]if ofª g]kfn dhb'/ls;fg kf6L{of kf;flk;+ b'Mv l;of]b\o"u' vM.

sn]hoftf af+nfs, le+sxHofs]tf vfg]bo\s j dbo\sUjfxfnLofª emk'+ ;sn]+l;tf yf+}ofYj le+ lbg; Vjk gu/kflnsf jsn]hof Joj:yfkg ;ldltof kfv]+;'efo\ b]5fof] Rjªf .

sn]hof 5]+ bfg]u' j d] d]u'ef}lts ;+/rgf bo\s]tf emL;+ ;'g+ljb]zL to\s] nfxf kmofu' d? gkf+;/sf/+g+ 5'g+ UjfxfnL ofu' d? .y'ls km'Ss nufgL gu/kflnsf+ x]

ofu' vM. nfxfkmof] g} lklgu' sku'An]+ w:jfo\ km}dv' wfo\u' emL;+l;of pls+ emLu' u5\ocg';f/Hof;fª emLs] bMu' k'“hL, >d5\on stof e/o\ dDjfl;+ yMu'x ] t ' t Lvo \ b fª e m L:jfledfgLk"j{s xHofª jof]Rjªf . Yj uj{ ofo\ axu' vf“vM .

ljb]zL UjfxfnL dsM;]+ 5'+ x]ofo\ km}dv' wfo\u' lrdltof dg"

to \; + ljB fno, sn ]h ,ljZjljBfnoof 5]+ -ejg_ bfg]tf,sLaf, kMv, k':tsfno, zf}rfnoy]+ db\os dufu' lrRof–lrRofx|f+u'Hofof lg+lt+ x] d]lkGs] km\jg]u' afgLv+ofª oSjl;of dlt x] ult dnfo\w'+sn . chu' dlt+ emLtf d]lklgu'e/o\ Djfo\ dflnu' cj:yfo\ y]+sljO . y'hfu' Hofoftf cfly{spbf/Ls/0f wfO . yf+} emLu' b]zo\cKjMl;tf Yjx] Njr+so\ w'+sn .Yj pbf/Ls/0fofo\ x] lnRjM vM.

;+ljwfg+ Ao"u' clwsf/sfy+:yfgLo txoftf P]g bo\s]u' clwsf/g+ bM. t/ u'ln+ :yfgLo lgsfo to\;+ljw]osof d:of}bf bo\s]u', ljsf;ofof]hgf Uj;M Ujo\u' Hof gkf+ PghLcf]j cfOgPghLcf] to\s] UjfxfnL km\jªRj+u' vf“ ;dfrf/o\ jof] Rj+u' bM .

nfxfto\ Hof bMk'+ -k|fljlws_ dg" t Ajnf+s]u'lnVjk Ol~hlgol/ª\u sn]hofoo\u' tMwf“u' nfxf bM

gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt

Gjr'

Vjk kf}

8

yy] d]lkG;+ bo\su' Hof em\jM vo\hs emL Gx\ofou' vM;f emL u'ln:jtGq j :jfledfg vMn] wfo\u'vf“o\“ Gxo;M bfg] kmM . ;+3Lotf5 \ on ]u ' e m \ jno \ k | b ]zo fd'VodGqLto\tf 5]+ ef8f+ -afn+_ sfof]ljo\u' cn] ljb]zLto\u' dltsfy+ hsHof ofo\u' vM;f emL uy] yM h'of]Djfo\ km} < y'hu' vf“ ao\ao\ h'of]Rj+u' bM . k|b]z g+ # of gLlt cn]of]hgf th'{df ci6«]lnof ;/sf/ofUjfxfnL vo\ Gx\ofª jof ]Rj+u'8LPkmP6L gf+of cfOPghLcf] g+ ofu'vM u'u' ci6« ]lnofof /fhb"tof-cfb]zo\_ Ozf/fo\ GxofOu' vM bswfof] jof]Rj+u' bM .

o ] “ h'u ' o 'lge;{n kL;kmfpG8];gof Hof em\jMvo\ ;/sf/+s/f]8f}+ vr{ ofo\u' wfo\u' vf“ Kofxf“jof] Rj+u' bM. 5u" cfOPghLcf]ofnflu+ vr{ ofOu' j w]af+ emLu' yhu'sn]h bo\s] kmM, Vjk c:ktfn yhu';+/rgf bo\s] kmM. hgtfof le+ h'Ou'Hofvo\ yf+}of ;/sf/of Wofg jf+u'vfg] d? . ;/sf/ ;+j]bgzLndh' .

:yfgLo txlg;] + s]Gb|Lo;/sf/ts cy] wfo\u' ;/sf/of Sj]lg;]+ Rjo\ y+]sof txvo\ ljb]zL to\;+rf;f] sfof] Hof ;fª Rj+u' bM .ljb]zLt nLdnfs h'u'of cy{ ljb]zLk|efj oSj bM wfo\u' vf“ emL;+

l;of . yhu' :jt'dt':jMu' hl6nOno\ uy] yMh'of] :jfledfgL w+u+Djfo\wfo\u' t:s+ yfs'u' r'gf}tL vM.Vjk gu/kflnsf chk'+ PghLcf]cfOPghLcf] t gkf+ t:s+ ;ts{ h'of]yMu' x] kxn+ xHofª Rj+u' bM.

;/sf/+ sd{rf/Lto\ sfo\Dx \ofo\lkGtf w]af k'n] Djfo\s5fqj[lQ ljof] Aj+s]u' Joj:yfoftf . ;'/]Gb| kfG8] cy{dGqL h"u'Ono\ bo\su' pu' gLltsfy+ cMts@, *&& -g]å j Rof; j Gxo\ Gx\oDxf_l;g+ y'u' 5fqj[lQ sfof] Ajg] w'+su'/]s8{ bM. 8fS6/, Ol~hlgo/, g;{,s[lif lj1fg j d]d]u' ljifo Ajªkf; ofo\ w' +sk' + pDxf Ajgfld

Hof em\jno emfof] lb k'ª xfg]axk'ª cltlyHo"tM

9

Vjk kf}

3/hUuf s/vo\ 5'6of ljifon] Vjk gu/kflnsfof ;"r“ .

Vjk b]o\ of bfh'lshf ttfs]x] kfv]+ jMu' ;'emfj cg';f/+Vjk gu/kflnsf g+= cf=j= @)&$÷&% lg;]+ 3/hUuf s/vo\ %) k|ltzt

5'6 lao\u' lg0f{o h'u' sfy+ Yj x] jOu' @)&^ c;f/ d;fGttss/ k'n lbOk'+ ;sn gu/jf;Lo\f 5'6of ;'ljwf lao\u' vf“ Aofs Rjªf .

Ono\ x] s/ k'nM 5'6of ;'ljwf sfoM lb;+ .emLu' Vjk b]o\of ljsf; lgdf{0f j lzIff,:jf:Yo\ Gx\of] Hofsf] UjfxfnL oª lb;+ .

-ljBfyL{_ t 5' 5' b]zo\ jfª Hofofª Rjgf wfo\u' ;/sf/so\ Nofrfd? . cld;+ d:o" . lhld;+ cfly{s?ko\ sdhf]/ k'+ AjgfldlkGtf yhu'cj;/ ljodMu' vf“ ;/sf/oftfwfofan] ls;Lof Gxo\kto\ kf“tLxfn]y+ hs oftf . cld;+ lhldu';'emfjoft t]/]dof . u'ln Ajgfldk'+yMu' lhDd]jf/L k" djf+s;]+ lj;]jfgf . cldtf /fHo+ 5'+ x] sf/afxLofo\ dkm .

emL;+ 1f+sfof] yMu' ;LkHjo\s]tf cfvM Ajg]u' vM. yMdg+;o\sfu' 1f+ j ;Lk yMu' b]zo\ x]5on]dM bs cfu|x ofªfu' vM .emLu' b]zo\ cM yL yL ( u" ljifoofljZjljBfno t bM. u'ls+ b]g+ b]g+hs Aj+s cg';Gwfgof Hof t:s+ x]Dx\jhs ofsRj+u' vfg] bM. Vjk

gu/kflnsf+ Vjk ljZjljBfnobo\s]u'ln aMlaof] Rjªfu' bM. ;/sf/+Vjk ljZjljBfnoof ljw]os kfl/tofª emLtf j Hof em\jM Gxofs] Ao";femL;+ Gx" Gx"u' cg';Gwfgof Hofvo\emLk'+ ljBfyL{to\tf 5\ono\ . Hof->d_ gkf+ :jfk' bMu' lzIff laof]b]zo\ 5u" af“nfu' ljZjljBfnobo\s] . pls+ ;/sf/so\ emL;+ emLu'dfu k" jf+s]tf cfu|x ofª Rjªf .

hgtfto \u ' cfGbf ]ngv +Ajnf+u' clwsf/t cg]s TjxM tof]lnkm\oª sfo\ b}dv' . g]kfn lzIfsdxf;+3of lj1lKt; ;+ljwfg+ dflj-!@ u" sIff_ tlu+ tsof lhDdf:yfgLo txoftf dv' ;+3 ;/sf/oftfljodM wfo\u' dfu tMu' bM. Yj t:s+ldn] dh"u' vf“ vM.

;+3 ;/sf/o\ Rjª Rj+ lklgu'

dlt :yfgLo ;/sf/tf sdhf]/ ofo\u'vM. 5'+ O{ Gxof]+ :jf:Yo /fHodGqL+Vjkof 5u" Hof em\jMvo\ ‘lzIff j:jf:Yo’ :yfgLo tx+ efnf sfo\ km}dv' hs g'jfª lbn . yf+} g]kfnlzIfs dxf;+3 yhu' x] dle+dlttof];+ljwfg ;+zf ] ]wgofo\du' wfwf +x8\tfnof cfx\jfg ofª Rjg . lzIfsdxf;+3 wfo\u' k]zfut xslxtof vf“NxfOu' ;+3 h'odM. hgtfoftf Ao"u'clwsf/ lnkm\oª sfOu' ;/sf/ofHofeMh'odHo" . Yj t:s+ af+ dnfu'Hof vM .

-Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v;'lgn k|hfklth'+ Vjk Ol~hlgol/ª\usnhof !& s u" cn] Vjk sn]hckm Ol~hlgol/ªof !) su'jflif{sf]T;j Hofem\jM @)&% d+l;/!# ut] laof] b\o"u' Gjr' ._

Vjk kf}

10

emLu' ;f+:s[lts Vono\of Gx\on'jftyf}+ emL;+ yfgf tMDxf vª Rjªf . jo\sk'+vflgan], gfknfO{an] emLu' ;dfhof t;s+ af+nfu'5kf lskf xg] ju' cg'ej h'O{ . jo\slklgu'Tofu, tk:of cn] ;fwgfof hLjg wfy]+ ;sl;g+Ajg] axMh' . jo\slklgu' hLjg 5u" lgM:jfy{hLjgof gd"gf vM wM;f 5lt+x] kfOdv' . yMtf5'+ bO{ hs dv', ;/sf/kfv]+ 5'+ r'nfOhsg+dv' a? Yj ;dfh xf“o\k';] Rj+s]tf, Yj ;dfhemM emM wfo\s]tf afhf yfo]u', Kofv+ ;o\s]u',cn] :og]u' jo\slk;+ yfs'drl;+ dlbs xHofsb\o'u' HofM ;]jf j ;dk{0fefjof RjMhu' pbfx/0fvM . jo\s yGolk;+ ;f+:s[lts Von\oof lg+lt+yu' hLjg kfª db\o"u' h";f, yu' ;ao\ km'sdb\o"u' h';f yf}+of emLu' Dxl;sf emLtf r'dnfOu'h'O{ cn] yf}+ Yj uf}/jof cg'ej ofo] dvflgu'h'O{ . psL+ emLu' ;dfhof ;f+:s[lts u'?lkGtf,;f+:s[lts Gx\on'jfto\tf emL;+ ckn+ ck ;Ddfgofo]d . jo\slklgu' 1fg, ;Lk j Ifdtf Gx"u'k':tf j Gx"u' ;dfh bo\s]tf 5\on]d . hgtfofbYjL Ajnf+k'+ ;f+:s[lts gfos gflosfto\tf;Ddfg ofo]u' x] g+ RjMhu' ;+:s[ltof lr+ vM .

;f+:s[lts Vono\ emL Gx\on'jfto\;+hf]8f d?u' of]ubfg ofª lbpy]+ lzIffofu' ljsf;cn] /fhgLlts r]tgf Ajnf+s]u' Hofvo\g+ emLcu|h k':tf ofu' of]ubfg sfy+x] emLu' ;dfhyf}+of l:yltvo\ Yo+u' vM . ;f+:s[lts Vo\noxHofu' ;dfh z}lIfs j /fhgLlts ?k+g+xHof;f hs s'nf+ bflg . pls+ snf, ;+:s[lt,;Dkbfof Vo\no emL;+ dlbs knfM Gx\ofsfy+]lzIff, ;flxTo j /fhgLltof Vono\g+ emL;+cemg+ Sjft's xHofo]du' yf}+of cfjZostfvM . /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng+ £jfu' ;dfh ;'g+t5\ofo] k}mdv' . Yj cg'ej+ l;4 ofo]w'+su'vf“ vM . pls+ afhf yfyf+ ljrf/of vf+ Nxfo]d,Kofv+ Nx'–Nx'+ kl/jt{gof k';f lko]d wfo]u'efjgf emL;+ sM3ªt'+ to] . /fhgLlts ;+3if{j juL{o efjgf+ x] hs ;f+:s[lts cleofgoftfhLjg lao]kmO{ . /fhgLlts ljrf/ jf:tfdof;L+ hgtfof ;+u7g adnfs;L+ Kofv+ hsNx'of] Rjg, afhf hs yª Rjg cn] yMyMu'Hofvo\ hs h'of]Rjg wM;f emL ugf vMcfgf+t'+ nª Rjlgu' cn] no\tf Rof] l;jfo 5'+dvOu' Oltxf;+ :o+u' kf7 vM . k|ltlqmofjfbLju+{ hgtfoftf Sjt]n+t'+ to]tf ljrf/, l;4fGt+tfkfs to]u', ;+u7g+ lkg] tof] sdhf]/ ofo]u's'tM ofª+ t'+ Rjlg . dhb'/, ls;fgt yMyu'Hofvo\ x] hs nu] yMh" . cdL ;Gtfgtg+/fhgLlts Vono\ b'xf“ ydjf+ wfo]u' dlt+k|ltlqmofjfbLto\ h'O{ . plsof lg+lt+ cld;+cg]s hM UjO{ . k|ltlqmofjfbLt gkf+ NjfªRjg]u' efjgf DjfMs to]u' cn] NjfOu' Gx"u'k':tf tof/ ofo]u' emLu' s'tM h'o]d . lzIffvo\xHofª Rj+u' Gx"u' k':tf /fhgLlts ljrf/sfy+g+ xHoft wM;f ;dfh Yj :jof]g+ xHofOu'lglZrt vM . emL s]x]+ – lshflkGtf, sfo\–

/fhgLlts cfGbf]ng+ 3\jfu' ;dfh ;'g+ t5\ofo] k}mdv' 

k|b]z # sf ;f+;b l;h{gf ;}+h'

Gjr'

11

Vjk kf}Dx\ofo\lkGtf Ono\x] vMu' nf"k'O{ o+s]of lg+lt+x;gf lao]u', nf“k' Sog]u' ;dfhof Gx\on'jfcn] yfsflnlklgu' cleef/f vM .

gfkgfkf+ yf}+of Ono\ hgtfof cfGbf]ngGx"u' sfy+ yfg] dfn Rj+u' b . sDo'lgi6ofgfdo\ cf]nL ;/sf/+ oo–doy]+ oª Rj+u',oo–do y]+ xfn Rj+u' emL;+ l;of . b];o\;/sf/ by]+ hgtf+ tfo\s] dkm . zflGt, ;'/Iffugf+ ugf+ d? . Dx\ofo\–d:t c;'/lIft h'of]Rj+u' vf+ª b]o\ x] cft+lst h'of] Rj+u' b .b]Go+s h'oRj+u' jnfTsf/, xTof, lx+;fv+ skMSj5'o] dfnfg+ cf]nL ;/sf/ 5'+ 5'+ x] dv'y]+Rj+s Rj+u' bM . nf+–nf+ bofg+ lgd{nf kGtofxTof/f Hjg]u' ;/sf/+ ;fx; ofo] dkm .;/sf/ Hof oª Sog]u' d:j;L+ xNnf ofo]u'nLnu] h'o Rj+u' b . 7u, 7]s]bf/ j ck/fwLto\u'Nxfto\ t“rfKjf“o\ nMNxfª ljsf;of Dxu;ldof]Rj+u' b . yGof]Dxf 7u, e|i6frf/Lto\u'k+hfo\ nfo]w'+Dxf ;/sf/+ b]o\ ljsf; ofo]km}dv' . ;d[l4of+ oSjx] tfkfu' vf“ h'n .gfkgfkf+ d:t j ld:to\u' tsg+ hLjg /Iffofo] dkmDxf ;/sf/ hgtfof ;/sf/ h'o]

kmOdv' . Pglhcf], cfOPglhcf]of stfd¥xLyGoDxf ;/sf/+ cn] zf;s bn+ hgtfof dv'ljb]zLto\u' cn] ljb]zL k""hLof hs ;]jf ofO{ .5'+ lbg xf“ o]“ h'u' wfld{s ;Dd]ngv+ cf]nL;/sf/ofu' VjMkf pn Ao'u' b . zf;s bn;' kfv]+ ;+rflnt, u'Dxf g]tf 5' b]o\of bnfnvM wfo\u' vfFa'n'x'" KofxfF jof] Rj"u' bM, lkxf“djl;+g+ duf . b]zb|f]xL g]tfto\tf Dxfl;s]dkmtn] g]kfdL hgtf+ ;'v l;o]vfgL dv' .pls+ Yj zf;s bn j ;/sf/of km's+ dle+u'Hof, b]o\of lxt dh'Ou' Hofof lj/f]w ofo]tfemL ;snL+ xMlrn] . RjdL, snfsf/,;+:sltsdL{ ;snL+l;g+ hgtfof ;M lkHjo\s]kmM;f hs Yj b]o\of eL+ h'O{, hgb|f]xL kf6L{tWofSjGrfo\ nfO{ cn] b]z3ftL dGqL, g]tft5\jf;no\ YogL .

bs;] lnkf, l;/kf Tofs b\o'k'+, ;Ddflgth'o b\o'k'+ ;snL+ snfsf/, Rjld j ;+:s[ltsdL{;sl;tf awfO{ j leGt'gf b]5fo\ .-k|b]z ;ef # sf ;f+;b l;h{gf ;}+h'h'+ d+l;/ @@ut] #* u' g]kfn efiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hofof l;/kfnMNxfo\u' Hof‰jv] ljof]lbu' Gjr'_

Vjk kf}

12

bSsn] Gxfkf+ jfs'klt gf/f+BMof gf+ of ljifno vf“ Nxfo] . jfbf]Fof b'g] n'of]jDxf gf/f+ BMh'of] jfs'kltgf/f+ BM h'n wfo]u' afv+ lem;F Goªjofu' vfF x] vt . Yj u'ln tskfol5 vM, dfn]u' s'tM h'u' dv' .yfgf nfSs ‘jf’ zAb ju' b, psLoftf go]u' cGg jf -wfg_ sy+ hssof]tu' vfg]b . t/ g]jM efo\ u'nLwgL sL, 5uM 5uM cfvMof 5u" :jof]g+ cKj cy{ bu' lem;F n'd+ls dHo' .Yj x] em\jno Yjx] jfs'klt gf/f+BMof hMvof yfo yf;o oftf jfrfo\s]dM . Ogfrf] Tjfno nfFo :juF NjxFbM . j 5u" Ono Vjkb]o\ :j+u' /fHooflr+ v . Ogfrf] :jof] k"j{ kfv]of km'Ssyfooftf æjflGbdUjnÆ wfOu'h'of]Rjgf . cn] trkfno\ btfqob]uMof blIf0f kfv] Gxfkfofu' nfos'b . psLoftf jfg] nfos' wfOu' Oltxf;kfv]+ l;Os] Ho" . Yjx] ;'hdf/L Tjfnok|hfklt ;d'bfoof j:tL b'g] jfyLs'yLwfo]u' yfo bM . pln hs dv',lnR5jL h'h' cfgGb b]jg+ Vjkb]:yfkgf of an] rfs5L+ yL yL clhdfBM :yfkgf of ano\ Vjk b]of k"j{kfv]

jftf clhdf :yfkgf ofu' vM, yf}sGxo\emL;F jftf clhdf oftf a|Dxfo0fLhs wfo]u' ofªf . cn] Yjx] jf+tfclhdf hMvof rSsf+u' df+yfu' yfooftf jf+tf VoM wfOu' vM . Yjx]jf+tf v]no t'nf /fgL g+ bo]su' 5k'lxtL b psL oftf jfrF' lx6L wfO{ .u'lsof gfv+ pDxf Bf]oftf :gfg oflsu'vM . Yjx] em\jno Yj gf/f+ BM oftfg+ jfs'klt gf/f+ BM wMu' vM . Yjk'mSs :j]ano\ jf cy{ k"j{ kfv] vM .y'ls+ jfs'klt gf/f BM k"j{ kfv]of Bf]wfo]u' s\o+ . jfv]klt cyf{t k'j{kfv]ofDxf gf/f+ BM x] lnkfjª jfs'kltgf/f+ BM h'u' vfg]b .

cM Yj gf/f+ BM of vfFNxfoano ljz]if oª emLu' b]zo\ emLu'oMu' x] ;gftg wd{ Gxfkf lg;]+ x] bu'wd{ vM . oMu' 5]F, a'F nhufM, yDx+5o\lnu' HofeM, yMtf dMu' cGg, gf,kmo, l;df, u'F, rGb|df, ;'o{, yhu'oftf BMelkof] k'hf ofO{ . yM df+ af}OxLF dh'k'+ ld;f drf, sotf dAo'k'+ldh+ drf k'mSs+ BMv wof] k'hfofO{ . cn] emL dg" tou' g'uno x]gf/f+ BM bu' h'of] emL yDxf yMtf Dxfk'hf ofOk'+ g]jfM t x] vM . yhu'g]jfM to\;+ dxf BM hs k'hf ofOu'z}j wd{ oftf g+ dfg] oª Rj+u' bM .gf/f+ BMtf hs dfg] ofOu' j}i0fjwd{ oftf g+ dfg] ofª Rj+u' b . jx]5Dxf g]jfM g+ j}lbs tflGqs, lxGb',jf}4, u0f]B, dxfB gf;MB k'mSsBMtotf dfh] ofª Rj+u' b} . yhu'wd{of gfd] ;lxi0f'tf ;+;f/o\ ugf x]

d? . ;+;f/o wd{of gfd]o\ Njfk',sf6df/ h'of] Rj+u' yf;o\ g]jMtou'wd{ k|ltofu' pbf/jfbof lzIff sfo]dMu' b .

cM Yjx] em\jno emLyfo gf/f+BM hs dfg] ofOu' u'u' j}i0fj wd{ bMplsof ljifono\ 5+' erf l;Os] dMu'b . g]kfno bSsn] Gxfkf j}:0fj wd{xo]u'nL lnR5jL h'h' xl/bQ jdf{ofu'gf+ xg] jO{ . rfFu', ljz+v', Or+u' jz+v' gf+ofk' KoDxf gf/f+ BM kln:yfofªfnL+ j}i0fj wd{ oSj xg] jn .psL g+ Vjkb]of ;ltSs Rj+u' rfFu'gf/f+ BM oftf yf}+ofu' cj:yfo\ tsxo]u'nL d]Dxf lnR5jL h''h' dfgb]jofoSj x] Nxf bM . Yjx] em\jno Vjkb]j}i0fj wd{ oftf GxoHofs]u' Hof Vjkb]:yfkgf ofDxf lnR5jL h'h' cfgGb b]jg+ yf} :jof] u';bfF xfF x] tdf/L RjDxfltndfwj gf/f+ b]uvo\ Rjof] tMu' NjxFkf}kfv]+ l;Os] Ho" . psL+ lnkf dNnsfnoVjkb]o gLKo+u' TjM h'of]Rj+u' Ono Tjfn+Tjfn x] gf/f+ BM :yfkgf h'u' b . psLSjg]of ltndfwj gf/f+BM j yMg]] ofjfs'klt gf/f+ BM bSsn] gf+ hu' gf/f+b]uM t vM .

yMg]of Yj gf/f+ b]uMoftf g]=;+=%@* P howd{ dNn j hoHof]ltdNn gf+ofk' g]Dxf h'h'lk;+ :yfkgf ofu'Yjx] u?8 of Sjo\ Rjof] tMu' NjxFkf} kfv]+ l;Os] Ho' . cn] yL yL Ono\yL yL h'h'lk;+ yfgf ;Dkbf t tfg]u'oft . bSsn] lnkfofDx h'h' /0flhtdNn g+ nLkftf d'ª kf]NxF lrª yf}+ ofb]uMof :j?k ljsf; oft .

jfs'klt gf/f+Bf] Dxfl;s

cf]dk|;fb wf}e8]n

Rj;'

13

Vjk kf}

tl;s+ tMAofu' 5k" v';LOªfrft r'n'a'n' r'n'a'n' ;fª Gof;Lrfof] Rjg . yMx] a"u'yfo\ yMx] Ajnf+u'yfo\ cn] rfsln+ k'mSs+ yMx] yMhs .

Gx'k'+ ªfrft gfv\o\ b'g]of 5u"ljlrqu' ;+;f/ . gfM, Gxf, nf]xF, e]6o\cn] jx] k'nf+ k'nf+u' /xg;xg, ªfto\u'k'rM jx]ehg :j :j+ cfoa's Rjg

lr afv“

Gx"k'+ ªfrft .5Gx' v';L v;'+ e'F e'F ;'kfFo\

SjxFjn . j gfvo\ a'no\tf jDxf;'kfFo, ;'kfFogkf+ Kof;'“ e'+u', Kof;'gkf+yMg+ e'gf Gx"k'+ ªfrftf u'ln+ ªftwM;f uno lj:o" jfg . km;+ ;'kfo“\ltOhs ltOhs, k''Os o+sn . ;'kfFob'g]of ªfrftg+ ;'kfFovo\ Rjª t'+ jfg,Rjo, cem Rjo\ . cfxf ¤ Aoof] h'ou'

g+ uhu' xfFo\k' . ªfrfto\ dgo\cfw ' lgstfof kfk ' a 'of ]jn .cfgf;+Rjª Rj+k' ªft vfª Gx'k'+ªfrfto\ dgo\ bof a'of]jn .

knv lnkf kmo\ lbt . ªfrftlj:tf/+ KofQ KofQ s'tf“ jn . nfFo\,afFo\, ‰jfno\, kmno\ . gfM d?u' yf;o\ªfrft kmf6fkmf6f k'n Rj+u' vfªdg"ot\;+ no\no\ tfof] ªft Hjª Rjg. ªfjM uft . ªfj uft . ljr/f Gx"k'+ªft yMu' s'j'l4 vfª yMtf yd+ Djfo\gsRjg . c/ao\, s'a]to\, dn]l;of,ugfugf =============¤

æªfjMuftÆcfzfs'df/ lrs+a~hf/

af]b]a;f{Og -If]q $_ gkfof k|d'v ct]z l;+x ofbj gkf+ Vjk gkf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfkltj pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zLh'

lskf

Vjk kf}

14

g]Dxf k+l5 -rv'“_ of 5u" ;NnfxtMlwsDxf jfo' -zfb'{n_ k+IfL, kfk' kmf6fkmf6fofof+() xhf/ nL RjoYo+s Ajof] h'nt:s+ UofMk's wfs' kmo\ josyMu' b'ufkmfo\ or'u' ;u{ s'ljof] j+ Sj:jOdg" to\u' ;+;f/ gkf+ cldu' gu/ j ;x/ :jo\u' OR5f+t'jof ;n+ cfsfz Yjtad d'of] k[YjL ldx\j bof] sf+uy]+ h'n5Dxf rv'+rf t:s+ Uofª em\jfno\ ;'r'snj Uof Uof+ xfn–Ejvf Ajn, k|no h'ncf]xf] ¤ hL Ajof] tfkfSs lj:o' jfg]ugf la:o' jfg]u' < jfo' g+ Gogrv'+rf+ ln;M lancK;/fto\u' u'“ Rjo\of b]zo\ Hjfxf/ftof b/jf/o\ .5' 5+ dl;ofnf :j+u' k'rM 5k'rM h"u'g]bf“ Gxof] z/bof ldnfof t'Ohnf :j:j+cfgf go Tjg]of 5'+ wGbf d?nf 5ofª tMu'Sjf Sjfu' cfn'of tL -u'nf;_ g+ Tjg b}u' .zfb'{n t+Djof] wfn–TjM t 5j cf+hu' as+km';] kmo\ vf“t;+;f/o\ uh uhu' pynk'yn h'o\ w'+snf ..

^ nL of 5u" sf];÷:j+u" k'rM -k|ltlqmofjfbLt_÷;+;f/o\h'of] Rj+u' pynk'ynof vf“ sfsf+ pT;flxt ofo\u' dlt+Rjof b\o"u' lrgfv“

hgtfsf] ;flxTo a'n]l6g $;]K6]Da/, cS6f]a/ !(&^x'ltxf/frs'rf dv' zfb'{n -jfo'_ y]+ cf“wLa]/L x}Dxf k+5Lh'odM wfo\u' ;Gb]z

lrgfv“

xsg+ ‘lr+sf+u;fg’ Yo+an];'kf“o Rjo\ Yo+s jfg]u', lhu' Gxkflg;]+of OR5fxsg+ lh Yo+s jow'g oSj tfKkfs lg;]+emLu' k'nf+u' lsNnf lrsf+;fg kj{ uo\tf .k'nf+u' ‘n'’ km'Ss+ Gx"u' h'o w'+sn,Sj emf+u+ Do] xfn, Ov'+rf no\tfof] Ajof] h'nv';L snsn Gxofª Rjg pv]+ y'v]+nf“k' u'“ofRjo\Yo+s gfua]nL sfof] Rjgx\jfª\of·rL 5u"yfo\ k'n] w'g]j+dl5+u' yfo\ Uj ugf+ x] vfg] d? ..

Bf]ªfn, wfs' kmo\ jof]Rjgdg"to\u' yfo\ afo\ 5rfv]/+x\of+u' Wjfo“ km/km/ Ajof]Rjgldvfkm"lt ofo\dnfs+ x] ljªjfg #* bf“ .

tMAofu' ;u{of ldnf emL;+ lyP kmMtMhu' ;d'b|of sfANof emL;+ nfo kmMljho pT;jof Do] notftf+ xfnMn;tf ªfo\s]tf jodfgL :jwfTy]+ 5+ ;fx; hs ofª :jyfs'u' wfo\u' 5'g+ d? Yj ;+;f/] ¤¤

-rLgof x'gfg j Sofª\;L k|fGtdf lnSs 5u" tM hu'nf]xl;of gf+ of kj{t bM. dfcf] T;] t'ª g+ @) ;]K6Da/!(@& ;o\ bsn] Gxfkf+ nfn Onfsf bo\su' yfo\ vM.k|ltlqmofjfbL ;/sf/+ Tofs] dkmu' y'u' kj{to\ !(^% kfv]jo\s Yo+an] Rjof] b\o"u' lrgfv“of efjfg'jfb_

dfcf] T;] t'ª\uof g]k' lrgfv“ hgtfsf] ;flxTo efu $ kfv]+ efo\lxnfu'

15

Vjk kf}

x]/dfg sfhLof sfo\ Dx\ofo lklg,l8=eL= wfMu' nfsnM x“†yMu' b]o\ TjMtf stM b]o\ o]sf,cld|sf wfMyfo\ Rj+jg x“ .

no\no\ tftf+ d';' d';' lGxnfM,n;tf+ k"hfg+ ªfo]sn x“†x]/dfg sfhLof Sj:jMu' Ujf“o\ g+cfMnf Gx\ofan]+ y:jn x“ .

lDxuMtsyMu' Gx\ofan]+ dfMu'b]o\g+ joftSjx\og x“†gftf–gLtfyMlylt ;sn]+jofu' ldvfo\ rLwg x“ .

sfo\–Dx\ofo\ lgDx+ cld|sg h"u'ln+hft g+ yMu' ysfn x“†kk" 5'oL Djfo]s AjofMjg] bo]s

lrgfv“

x]/fdfgsfhL rGb|axfb'/ pns

stMof e"dL jg] bt x“ .

cfsfz kftfn tfkfs\s Rj+;f+,sfo\ Dx\ofo\ ;sn]+ gfk+ x“†VjfM g+ :jo] b', b'Mv ;'v Ajo] b',OG6/g]6of hdfgf x“ .

co\;f+ xfo\ ¤ dk"mt 5'ofo],nf;fo\ x]/dfg Ujt'n x“†dbLs j}u' bdof Njr+,5sn+ jnf Ujf/flrg x“ .

y';' y';' y';' y';' df]; g+ jn,5fltg+ £of/ £of/ Rjgfjn x“†SjfnM 5lKt bfo]sf laOlk+;'+ 5Dx s'?jfygdb' x“ .

yMRjg jfl/ sfo\ Dx\ofo\ kfl/,af} :joftMw+ 8n/ x“†l3lt l3ltRj+sf g]kfM b]o\ n'd+sfx]/dfgsfhL dGt x“ .

cMemL;+ /fhgLltofo\ Djnx“ ps]z sjf+

lzIff jf :jf:Yo sDklgtf lhDdfa'“ k'mSs hldGbf/to\tf lhDdfsn–s/vfgf k'mSs ljb]zL to\tf lhDdfe|i6frf/L–a]OdfgL sd{rf/Lof k|df]zgyMDxf dg" sdfO bOu' yfo\ yf;o\emL;+ cM 5fo\ /fhgLlt ofou' <;dfhjfb Yj x] vM x“ zf;s to\;+P zf;s bnof g]tf k'+wfTy]u' 5ldu' ;dfhjfb Yjx]nf <5ftL nfxf tof] hgtf to\tf y'OsAo" ¤dv';f hgtf 5Kkf h'of] bª j} ..

æ;d[4 g]kfn ;'vL g]kfnLÆljsf;of gf/f Yjos Yjos+yMu' x] sDklgof 8f]h/ 5\onyMDxf x] 7]s]bf/s] lu§L, lkm sfof]bf+s Gofªfu' b'g]of a'“oftf5'+ x] d'cfAhf lao\ Djfo\sHof ;fª g} k'+ Hofk' Hofldofg'uM :o]Fnf Nxjs sfo\y]+stof a'“ l;lts+ sfof]yMtf kf]; ofo\u' 5ldu' gLltYjx] vMnf 5ldu';d[4 g]kfn jf ;'vL g]kfnLof dGq ..

Vjk kf}

16

dy'+sf hMu lg:jfg] k}mdv'dk+sf nMa' blgdv'k'nf+u' ns;of ue]{ x]Gx"u' o'uof k';f+ xfF sofMO{M gfkf+ ljrfM lxnfjgLu'5u" en;f;dfhjfbof ..!..

;dfhjfbzf]if0f dbosLu'of jfM;t/ hftof k';fM x\jnfljifof l;dfr'nL hfosfMdg"g+ dg" tMs]+su'of5u' if8\oGqpbf/jfbof ..@..

dfS;{of nFk'O8f]+ljof lskf h';f+8«]ug nf]d+sf5fltg Gx't'Gx'ofGx]s]u'5u" s'tMk"Flhjfbof ..#..

dfS;{jfbtM 3]/f 5flQ b'u' ;u{ -cfsfz_rv'+ jv'+ k'mSsy]+ :jtGq AjOu'yfo\yg, afhof x] /fh ofot:jtGqtf ;M sos'FsLu'5u' Uj;f M;fd|fHojfbof ..$..

r]gtfof dL k';f Mcfh'of n"k'O{ cfGbf]ng,xfanf;f r]+ Hj]dft/, lrrfw+u' :jfy{o\ tSo+sfMk+uM j kMvf h'of bg]u'5u" Gx'u' rfncj;/jfbof ..%..

lrgfv“

dfS;{of n“k' k'0o/fd sjf+ yf}+ df]xgL gvM g+ dv'

cy];f+, df]xgL :jofg+ sd dv'yf}+ lhu' lDxrfo\ ån+å lwaf g+ b'g]kfldt nono\ tfof Ejo gofM Rj+u' b'yf}+ ef]t Sjk\mjfou' lb+lh no\ no\ tfof Ejo gofMlDxrfo\ hfos lwaf tofMef]t s'sf{u' b'..g]tft lhu' 5]+ jn5\of]+ Sj5'sf lgkfNxf k]k'+sfHjHjnkf wfwf+ ef]t k\mjFjnlh+ 5\of]+ km:jsfcn]lhu' lDxrfo\ g]tf lh+ån+å lwjf tofM lanEj] got Ogfk g+ oftpls+lh+ Ejo\ gof ef]t tofcf yf}+ ef]t ljofu' bR5L db'lgn+ tM Aofs] dfn wsfMlhu' 5]+ y'gfxnlh+ VjofM xfnfM ljlGt ofgfMlhu' 5]+ y'Odt] wsfMsGx] jf wfwf+ g]tf km:jof jg.sGx] g+ wfM ano\ wfM yfo\ lhjgfg]tfof 5]+ g+ lalGt ofjgfg]tfg+ tDjof 5 ;' wof xncf 5 u'An]+ jodt] wsfMvfkf WofDd ltgf xnpAn] x]+ lh Ejo gof ef]t ljofu'em;em; n'd+gf jn .nR5L x] d?lg lh a'OF RjF jgfu'cf xfsg+ b]zo\ ;d[l4of gf/f+lhu' a'OF /ª\uzfnf bos]u' ;'r+ jn5]+ g+ d?Dx a'F g+ d?Dxlh yMu' b]zo\ x] stM h'Ou' h'n .ån+å lwaf sof Ejo\ gof ef]t s'sf{u'yf}+ lh kZrftfkof ufno nft .

s[i0fs'df/L dxh{gef]tof Ono\

17

Vjk kf}

Vjk gu/kflnsfof Hof em\jM tHof em\jM

@)&% d+l;/ !% ut] .Vjk gu/kflnsf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ Vjkoftf

æO6fnLof /f]dy]+ Rj+u" Vjk b]Æ wfOu' vfF Vjk ( j8fofjfs'klt gf/f+ Bf]yfo\ bo\su' rt'df{; afv+ sfg]u' HofSjrMu' Hof‰jM ;+ wfof] b\o"u' vM . josg+ k'vf{ bostsu' ;Dkbft Djfs to\kmM;f ;+;f/o\ Vjk b] of yMu' x]klxrfg b}u' h'u'ln+ yfsflnk'+ afHof lklgu' cg'ej GoªGx"u'k':tf to\;+ aM laof] Hof;f+;f Gx\oflyGof]u" Hof g+= k'jf+s]k}m . v'Obf -^) jif{_ k'msfg+ pT;flxt h'of] emLu' ;DkbfDjfs to\of nflu+ cn] n'Fkf]NxF lro\u' Hofvo\ dgSj;fo\sHof;ª jof]Rj+k' h]i7 gful/s lkGtf ;Ddfgof;] y'hfu' HofvfF lnkf n'F Rjof cfvM y] h'Ou' vfF g+ sªlbn .

y'u' Hof ‰jM; j8fWoIf k'+ /ljGb HofVjM -(_dx]Gb| vfodnL -*_ gkf+ ;+:s[ltljb cf]d wf}ef/Lh'+g yMu'

vfF tof] b\o"u' vM . y'u' k"0o Hofvo\ cMts ̂ @ u' nfv bf+hg:t/+ UjfxfnL ofo\ w'+su' bM . Yj Hof ‰j Gxofs+t' Rj+u'vfF pkef]Qmf ;ldltof gfof] cfzfsfhL k|hfklt h'+ pu' Hof‰j;+ ;efkltof Gjr'of Ono\ sª b\o"u' vM .

@)&% d+;L/ !^ ut ] .Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+

egkf j8f g+= # of af/fxL Bf]yfo\ Rj+u' e'h' kmNrflg:jfª lbn pkef]Qmf ;ldltof gfof] /fd;'Gb/vftfvf]of ;efkltTjvo\ h"u' pu" Hof‰jM vo\ d]o/

k|hfklth'+ Vjk gu/kflnsf+ tfª Rj+u' ;Dkbft dfn]u',No+bu' ;Dkbf Nx\jg]u', Djfs to\u' Hof ofª jof]Rj+u'chu' Hofvo\ 7]Ssfk§f dAo'l;+ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt bo\sHof;fª jof] Rj+u'ln hgtf+ oSj UjfxfnL Ao"u'ln+emLu' ;Dkbf ;+/If0f h'Ou'nL ljZj:t h"u' vfF sªbo"u' vM .

Vjk b]oftf t:s+ af+nfu' b]gkf+ zfl//LstGb'?i6Lof lg+lt+ sf;f lDxTs]u' gkf+ lkm6g]z ;fdu|Ltyfo\ yf;o\ to\u' Joj:yf ofª Rjªfu' wfof] lb;] + Vjkgu/kflnsf kfv]+ d]u' gu/kflnsfof hgk|ltlglwlk;+;o\s jodflnu' yfo\sfy+ ljsf; ofo\u' ar+ ljof]lbn .

pu' Hof ‰jM; # j8fof j8fWoIf /fhs[i0fuf]/f, gkf ;b:o ;'lgn cjfnh' lk;+g+ Gjr' ljof]b\o"u' h'n .

k'vf{ bos tsu' ;Dkbft Djfs to\dM

hgtf+ UjfxfnL Ao'u'ln+ lemu' ;Dkbf ;+/If0f h'u'

Vjk kf}

18

k'vf{ª bo\s tsu' ;DklQ+ Gx'u' k':tfofu' ;]jf oª Rjª\u'@)&% d+;L/ !* ut]

Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+xg'dfg3f6 -vf]x|]+_ o lg/LIf0f gkf+ xg'dfg3f6 /fdfo0fehgof #@ u" a'lb+of Hof‰jM pn]u' Hofv\o kljq j wfld{slty{:yn xg'dfg3f6 kl/;/of u'?of]hgf bo\s Rjªfu', pu'Hofvo\ gu/af;Lto\u' Uo;'nfu' UjfxfnL dbos dufu'ln+gu/af;Lt ;r]t h'odMu' vfF Aofslbn .

emLu' yMu' kxM tflgu' Hof dofl;+ k'vf{+ bos tsu';Dklt+ Gx"u' k':tfofo\u' ;]jf ofª Rj+u'ln+ emL;+ d]k'+ :jof]km/sw+u+ Hof;fg]dMu' vfF wfof]lbn . kmf]x/ yf;o\ d'g]u'jf kmf]x/tf uy]ofª pkrf/ ofou' wfo\u' ljifo cWoogofª Rjªfu' j ;/;kmfO{ jf ;Dkbf Djfs to\u' emLu'st{Jo vM bs ;r]t ofª lbn . pu' Hof ‰jM ;+ j8f g+=& of j8fWoIf ps]z sjf+h'+ g+= Gjr' tof] b\o"u' vM;f

;efklt an/fd k|hfklt ;+uLtsf/ ab|Lgf/fo0f tfd|fsf/j k'hf/L sljtf zdf{g+= yMu' g'uM vfF Kj+s b\o'u' vM .

cy]x] y'v'g'+x] af]b]a;f{Og -If]q $_ gkfof k|d'v ct]zl;+x ofbj gkf+ Vjk gkf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt j pkk|d'v/hgL hf]zL h'+ gfk nfª lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|lg;]+ Vjk sn]h,OlGhlgol/ª\u sn]h rfo\s Rjªfu' gkf+ of]hgf bo\sko{6g ljsf; gkf+ d]d]u' ljsf;of Hof‰jM Gx\ofs Rjªfu'vfF Aofslbn . k|d'v k|hfklth'+ kf/blz{tf gkf+ lhldtf w]af:jof] ljZjljBfno ;~rfngof :jLs[lt laodMu' b]zPg=lh=cf]=cfO{Pglhcf]of nfxfto\ nfª :oª Rj+u' wfof]b\o"u' vfF :jLsf/ of;] af]b]j;fO{gof k|d'v ofbjh'+ yMu'lhNnfof ;d:of sfª bL;] lzIff, ;Dkbf, :jf:Yo,;/;kmfOof ljifo l5s lk+s] ;o\s jofu' wfof]lbn . pu'vFNxfaNnf Hof‰jv\o j8fWoIfk'+ g+ pkl:ylt bMu' h'n .

@)&% d+;L/ !(ædlxnf :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsfof ;]jf, :j:y ;d[4

/fi6« lgdf{0fdf 6]jfÆ wfo'u' gf/f Hjª hg:jf:Yo s]Gb| Vjkg+Uj;M Uju' !% Sju' æ:jod\;]js lbj;Æ Sjrfn . pu'Hof‰jM; Vjk gu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ ;dfhof;d:of AofSs y'k+' :jod\;]js ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ vM . sGx]ck'+ x] /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ h'of] ;dfhof lg+lt+ Hof ;fg]dMu'vfF Aofs lbn .

g]dlskfof 3f]if0ffkqsfy+ 5]+5]+ jfª gu/af;L to\u'p;fFoof hfgsf/L sf;]+ jx]sfy+of :jf:Yo ;]jf ljou'nL

:jod\;]js ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ x] sGx] /fhgLlts sfo{stf{gu/kflnsf xlrnRj+u' bM . ;dfhof SjToo\s Rj+k' ul/ahgtfo\u' ;]jf ofo\u' emLu' d" cfh' h'odMu' vfF k|d'v k|hfklth+'wfof]lbn .

j8f g+= ( of j8fWoIf /laGb| HofVj, hg:jf:Yos]Gb|of OGrfh{ /Tg;'Gb/ nfl;j, sfo{kflnsf ;b:ok'+ ;'lgtfcjfn jf 5f]/Ld}+of ;'hv', dlxnf :jod\;]ljsf cWoIf tf/fb]jLwG5f, hd'gf sfkm\n], sdns]z/L lzNksf/ j= /rgf ;'jfnh'lk;+ g+= yMu' g'uM vfF Kj+s] b\o"u' vM . pu' Hof‰jM vo\:jod\;]ljsf nIdLs]z/L t'O{t'O{, /xgzLnf Ujf5f j ;/f]hcjfn lkGtf w]jf -gub_ gkf+ bl;kf} nM Nxfu' h'n .

ljb]zL ;xof]u dv' hg>dbfg b]du'@)&% d+;L/ @$

Vjk gu/kflnsf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt, j8f g+=( of j8fWoIf /ljGb| HofVjM * of dx]Gb| vfodnLnufotof dxfg'efj lk;+ t'd'rf] lbu'/]l:yt l8k af]l/ª,a]rL af]ª\u, Vjk ax'p2]ZoLo ejg lg/LIf0f ofª lbn .jx] ‰jno\ k|d'v k|hfklth' pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zL, sfo{sf/Lclws[t /f]lxt/fh kf]v/]nh' lk;+ -%% ‰ofn_ ªo\ªfkf‰of] b/af/ j e}nBf]of b]uM lgl/If0f ofªlbn .

cy]x] xg'dfg3f6of kmNrf lg:jfg]u' ‰jMno\ ljb]zL;xof]u dv' hg>dbfg hgtfof UjfxfnL btwM;f emLu'yfo\afo\ ;Dkbf DjfªRjlgu' h'u'ln+ 5knf 5knf ofªxlrno\ dMu" vfF sª lbn .

& j8fWoIf ps]z sjf+h'+g+= g'jfª b\o"u' pu'Hof‰jv] # nfv &% xhf/ %!& tsfbf+ rGbf bo\w'+su' jxsg+ # nfv ^* xhf/ #@! tsfbf+ rGbf ljou' Sj 5\o'u'vM .

19

Vjk kf}

@)&% d+;L/ @) ut]g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{of ;lrj -5\of~h]_ Pj+

;f+;b k|]d ;'jfn j Vjkgu/kflnsfof k|d'v ;'lgnk|hfklth'+ g]kfn Ol~hlgol/ª\ukl/ifb\of gfof] l8NnL/dglg/f}nfgkf+ gkfnfª yL yLljifo 5nkmn ofª lbn .

cy]x] sfg"g cWoog;dfh Vjk srfof Uj;fno\

jlsn lk+;+ hgtfof :t/ cg';f/+ Hof ;fg]dMu'h"u' n]vfk9L JojzfoL tof/L sIff Sjrfo\su' ‰jno\ Vjkgu/k|d'v k|hfklth'+ g}ltstfgkf+ :jfk' bMu' y'u' Joj;foof

jlsn lk+;+ hgtfof :t/ cg';f/+Hof ;fg]dMu' j ;dfh xHofs]u' je|i6frf/ db\os]u'ln+ nu]h'odMu' vfFwfof]lbn . yLyL jlsn kf;flkG;+g'uM vfF Kj+s]u' pu' Hof‰jM;+ k|d'vk|hfklth' k|lzIffyL{ lkGtf dltgfoflr+ gkf+ bl;kf} g+ nMNxfª bo"u' vM .

@)&% d+;L/ @! ut]Vjk gu/kflnsf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ gu/kflnsf

b'g] Hof ;flgk'+ Ol~hlgo/k'+ gkf+ gkfnfª ;NxfaNxf ofªlbn .

Yjx] lbg;+ h"u' n}+lus lx+;f lj?4of !^ Gx"o+sof/fli6«o cleofg Hof‰jM gu/kflnsfof ;efsIf Sjrfo\su'Hof ‰jMvo\ k|d'v k|hfklth'+ k|df0fkq :jof] Jojxfl/s1fg, ;Lk j tflnd bo\dMu' gkf+ af+nfk'+ dg"t /fhgLlt v+tfkfSs jf+;f u'08f t:s/ to;+ /fhgLlt nfxfto\ sfOu'

af+nfk'+ dg"t /fhgLlt v+ tfkfSs jfg]dHo'h'u'ln+ zf]lift lkl8t to\u' kIf vo\ g'jfo\dMu' cfjZostflGxyfª lbn .

pu"x] Hof ‰jMno\ Goflos ;ldltof ;+of]hs, pkd]o//hgL hf]zLh'+ Goflos ;+/rgfof ljifo gkf+ emLu'gkfGoflos ljlwvo\ g+= xMg] nfu' vfF sfª lbn .

pu' Hof ‰jM;+, clwjQmf clgtf hwf/L, dlxnfafnaflnsf j ;dfh sNof0f ;ldltof gls+ /f]zgd}+of;'jfn, sfo{kflnsf ;b:o s[i0fnIdL b'jfn gkf+ j8f g+= #of j8fWoIf /fhs[i0f uf]/fh'g+ g'uM vfF Kj+su' h'n .

Vjk kf}

20

@)&% d+;L/ @@g]kfn efiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hof d"u'ly j #*u' g]kfn

efiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hofof Uj;fno\ h"u' ;Dx\o ahL j ;fF:s[ltsk|ltof]lutfv\os Tofs b\o"k'+ k'rM gkf+ Gx"bF ¥ofnL;+ JjtL sfof]b\o"k'+ yLyL ehg, bfkmf, Kofv+ j afhf k'rM to\tf dltgfof lr+gkf+ l;/kfnM Nxfo\u' Hof‰jM vo\ g]dlskfof gfof] xfg]axDxfg]tf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]+h+' sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngoftf abgfdofo\tf gSsnL sDo'lgi6 xMlrOsMu' vfF sªlbn . cM ;/sf/o\Rjª Rj+k'+ g]skf wMk'+ g+= gSsnL VjMkf k'of]Rj+k'+ sDo'lgi6tvM . ljb]zLto\u' wd{ k|rf/ ofOu' ;+:yf j u};;of d'+HofUj;M Ujof] h'ODxf ;/sf/ uy] sDo'lgi6 h'O{ wfof] b\o";+]Rjo\Rjo\of sd{rf/Lt lgo'lQm, ;?jf–a9'jf ofo\tf dGqL,k|wfgdGqL to\;+ oSjoSj w]afsfof] ldn] ofOu' jf ljb]zL

w]af+ rn] h"u'ln+ 5knf 5knf ofof+ b] stof nfxfto\ nMjf+u'vfF josn+ AofSs lbn .

g]dlskf ;lrj Pj+ ;fF;b k|]d ;'jfnh'+ bf+s le+s,af+nfs d]l8sn sn]h rfo\s]tf ;Nnf3f/Lof !)* lk a'F Vjkgu/kflnsftf ljotf ;/sf/of 5fo\ skM:oftf hs Gx;Mtof] lbn .

cy]x] g]dlskfof s]Gb|Lo b'hM j Vjk gu/kflnsfofk|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ g]kfnefiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hof hgtfofr]tgf ljou'ln twf+u' UjfxfnL ofª jof]Rj+u' bM . ;+3Lo;/sf/+ Ono\ x] :yfgLo tx ofou' clwsf/ j bfloTjofljifono\ P]g bo\s :yfgLo lgsfooftf lgsf; ljodMu' vM .Vjk ;s{nof sn]h+ b]zf+b]5Lof ljBfyL{lkGt bf+s af+nfu'lzIff ljof] UjfxfnLofª Rj+u' vfF sfªlbn .

cy]x] # g+ k|b]z ;efof ;f+;b ;'/]Gb|/fh uf];fO{h'+ 5'+x]Hof ofo\ dkmDxf nfrf/ ;/sf/ a'FVofrf y]+hs h'of]Rj+u' jyMx] hs go\u' u'6aGbLv+ bfR5Lo+s u'GxLk'GxLof Vofn y]+ hsh'of] Rj+u' vfF sfªlbn .

k|b]z ;efof d]Dxf ;f+;b ;[hgf ;}+h'Ho'+ ;/sf/o\Rj+k'+ zf;s to\;+ yMu' x] :jfy{hs :jof] Hof ;flgu' h'u'ln+hgtfto\of lg+lt+ 5'+ x] Hof ofo\dkmof] Rj+u' vfF lGxyfª lbn .

phu' Hof ‰jM g]kfn efiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hofof d'u'lyofgfof] rGb|axfb'/ pnsof gfof]no\ h"u' vM . u'u' Hof‰jM vo\Uj;fvnMof gfof] g/]z vqL h'+g+ g'uM vfF Kj+sb\o"u' vM .

sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngoftf ab\gfd ofo\tf gSsnL sDo'lgi6 xMlrOsMu'