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Mc lc

Mc lc .........................................................................................................1

LI NI U ............................................................................................. 3

Chng 1 ......................................................................................................5

TNG QUAN V MNG CM BIN KHNG DY .............................5

Gii thiu: .................................................................................................5

1.1 Cng ngh Senror Network: ...............................................................6

1.2 ng dng ca mng cm bin: ......................................................... 10

1.3Tng quan v k thut WSN: ............................................................. 10

1.4 cc thnh phn c bn cu trc mng cm bin: ............................. 12

1.5 Cc thch thc v tr ngi: .............................................................19

Chng 2 ....................................................................................................20

NG DNG CM BIN KHNG DY .................................................20

2.1 Cc m hnh phn b : ......................................................................20

2.2Cc ng dng ca mng WSNs: ........................................................23

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2.3 Cc v d v ng dng dng 1 WSN (C1WSNs): ...........................26

2.3.1 ng dng qun s an ninh v thin nhin: ...............................26

2.3.2 ng dng trong gim st xe c v thng tin lin quan: ............ 28

2.4 Cc v d v ng dng dng 2 WSN (C2WSN): ...........................29

2.4.1 iu khin cc thit b trong nh ............................................. 30

2.4.2 Cc ta nh t ng ..................................................................31

2.4.3 Qun l qu trnh t ng trong cng nghip: .......................... 32

2.4.4 Cc ng dng trong y hc ........................................................ 33

Chng 3 ....................................................................................................34

TM HIU NH TUYN N GIN FLOODING V GOSSIPING ..34

3.1 c im c bn ca Flooding v Gossiping ................................... 34

Kt lun ......................................................................................................37

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LI NI U pht trin ca internet, truyn thng v cng ngh thng tin kt hp

vi nhng tin b k thut gn y to iu kin cho cc h cm

bin mi vi gi thnh thp, kh nng trin khai quy m ln vi chnh xc

cao. Cng ngh iu khin v cm bin gm cm bin dy, cm bin trng

in t, cm bin tn s v tuyn, cm bin quang in v hng ngoi, laser

radar v cm bin nh v dn ng.

S

Cc tin b trong lnh vc thit k cm bin, vt liu cho php gim

kch thc, trng lng v chi ph sn xut cm bin ng thi tng kh nng

hot ng v chnh xc. Trong tng lai gn, mng cm bin khng dy c

th tch hp hng triu cm bin vo h thng ci thin cht lng v thi

gian sng.

Cng ngh iu khin v cm bin c tim nng ln, khng ch trong

khoa hc v nghin cu, m quan trng hn chng c s dng rng ri

trng cc ng dng lin quan n bo v cc cng trnh trng yu, chm sc

sc khe, bo v mi trng, nng lng, an ton thc phm, sn xut, nng

cao cht lng cuc sng v kinh t Vi mc tiu gim gi thnh v tng

hiu qu cng nghip v thng mi, mng cm bin khng dy ss mang

n s tin nghi v cc ng dng thit thc nng cao cht lng cuc sng

cho con ngi.

Trong ni dung ti liu ny, trnh by v tng quan v mng cm bin,

cu trc, ng dng.

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Em xin trn thnh cm n s hng dn nhit tnh ca tin s Nam

Qun, s gi m v gp ca thy h tr hon thnh bn bo co ny.

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Chng 1TNG QUAN V MNG CM BIN

KHNG DY

Gii thiu:

Mng cm bin (sensor network) l mt cu trc, l s kt hp cc kh

nng cm bin, x l thng tin v cc thnh phn lin lc to kh nng

quan st, phn tch v phn ng li vi cc s kin v hin tng xy ra trong

mi trng c th no . Mi trng c th l th gii vt l, h thng sinh

hc.

Cc ng dng c bn ca mng cm bin ch yu gm thu thp d liu,gim st, theo di, v cc ng dng trong y hc. Tuy nhin ng dng ca

mng cm bin ty theo yu cu s dng cn rt a dng v khng b gii

hn.

C 4 thnh phn c bn cu to nn mt mng cm bin:

Cc cm bin c phn b theo m hnh tp trung hay phn b ri

Mng li lin kt gia cc cm bin (c dy hay v tuyn)

im trung tm tp hp d liu (clustering)

B phn x l d liu trung tm

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Mt node cm bin c nh ngha l s kt hp cm bin v b phn x

l, hay cn gi l mote. Mng cm bin khng dy (WSN) l mng cm bin

trong cc kt ni gia cc node cm bin bng sng v tuyn.

1.1 Cng ngh Senror Network:

Trong mng sensor network, cm bin c xem nh l phn quan trng

nht phc v cho cc ng dng. Cng ngh cm bin v iu khin bao gm

cc cm bin trng in t; cm bin tn s v tuyn; quang, hng ngoi;

radars; lasers; cc cm bin nh v, dn ng; o c cc thng s mi

trng; v cc cm bin phc v trong ng dng an ninh, sinh ha Ngy

nay, cm bin c s dng vi s lng ln.

Mng WSN c c im ring, cng sut b gii hn, thi gian cung cp

nng lng cu ngun (ch yu l pin) c thi gian ngn, chu k nhim v

ngn, quan h a im-im, s lng ln cc node cm bin

Cm bin ch gm mt hay dy cm bin. Kch thc rt a dng, t nano(1-100nm), meso (100-10000nm), micro (10-1000um), macro (vi mm-m)

Do c tnh ca mng WSN l di ng v trc y ch yu phc v cho

cc ng dng qun s nn i hi tnh bo mt cao. Ngy nay, cc ng dng

WSN m rng cho cc ng dng thng mi, vic tiu chun ha to s to

nn tnh thng mi cao cho WSN.

Cc nghin cu v WSN c th chia ra lm nhiu phn, cc s liu thng

k gn y cho bng 1.1:

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Cc nghin cu gn y pht trin thng tin cng sut thp vi cc node

x l gi thnh thp v c kh nng t phn b sp xp, la chn giao thc

cho mng, gii quyt bi ton quan trng nht ca mng WSN l kh nng

cung cp nng lng cho cc node b gii hn. Cc m hnh khng dy, c

mch tiu th nng lng thp c u tin pht trin. Hiu qu s dng cng

sut ca WSN v tng qut da trn 3 tiu ch:

Chu trnh hot ng ngn

X l d liu ni b ti cc node gim chiu di d liu, thi gian

truyn

M hnh mng multihop lm chiu di ng truyn, qua gim

suy hao tng cng, gim tng cng sut cho ng truyn.

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WSN c phn ra lm 2 loi, theo m hnh kt ni v nh tuyn m cc

node s dng:

Loi 1 (C1WSNs):

S dng giao tuyn nh tuyn ng

Cc node tm ng i tt nht n ch

Vai tr ca cc node sensor ny vi cc node k tip nh l

cc trm lp (repeater)

Khong cch ln nht (hng ngn mt)

Kh nng x l d liu ca cc node chuyn tip

Mng phc tp

Loi 2 (C2WSNs):

M hnh a im-im hay im-im, 1 kt ni rai n

node trung tm

S dng gia thc nh tuyn tnh

1 node khng cung cp thng tin cho cc node khc

Khong cch vi trm mt

Node chuyn tip khng c kh nng x l d liu cho cc

node khc

H thng tng i n gin

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Tiu chun tn s ang c p dng cho WSNs l IEEE 802.15.4. hot

ng ti tn s 2.4 Hz trong cng nghip, khoa hc v y hc (ISM), cung cp

ng truyn d liu vi tc ln n 250kbps khong cch 30 n 200

feet. Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 c thit k b sung cho cc cng ngh

khng dy nh Bluetooth, Wifi, Ultrawideband (UWB), mc ch phc v

cho cc ng dng thng mi.

Vi s ra i ca tiu chun Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4, cc h thng dn pht

trin theo hng tiu chun, cho php cc cm bin truyn thng tin qua knh

truyn c tiu chun ha.

Nhiu nghin cu trong lnh vc mng mobile ad hoc (MANETs). WSNs

tng t nh MANETs theo mt vi c im. C hai u l chun mng

wireless, multihop. Tuy nhin, cc ng dng v k thut gia hai h thng c

khc nhau.

Dng thng thng ca WSN l a ngun d liu truyn n

ni nhn, khc hn im-im trong MANETs

Cc node trong WSNs t di ng, trong khi ad hoc cc l di

ng

Trong WSNs, d liu t cc cm bin ch yu t cc hin

tng, s kin th gii thc. MANETs ch yu l d liu

Ngun gi hn, nng lng trong WSNs c qun l s

dng rt cht ch. Trong MANETs c th khng b ging buc bi

ngun cung cp do cc thit b thng tin c th c thay th ngun

cung cp thng xuyn bi ngi dng

S lng node trong WSNs rt ln, MANETs t hn

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Do s khc bit gia hai m hnh giao thc m cc giao thc nh

tuyn trong MANETs khng th p dng hon ton cho WSNs. Tuy nhin

WSNs c th coi nh mt phn trong MANETs (ad hoc).

1.2 ng dng ca mng cm bin:

Qun s: theo di cc mc tiu, chin trng, cc nguy c tn cng

nguyn t, sinh ha

Mi trng: gim st chy rng, thay i kh hu, bo, lt

Y t, sc khe: gim st bnh nhn trong bnh vin, qun l thuc, iu

khin t xa

Gia nh: ngi nh thng minh, iu khn cc thit b in, h thng

sui m

Thng mi: iu khin trong mi trng cng nghip v vn phng,

gim st xe c, giao thng

1.3Tng quan v k thut WSN:

Nh cp phn trn, mt vi mng cm bin dng giao thc x l

ti node ngun trung tm, mt s dng giao thc x l theo cu trc hay gi l

x l trc ti node. Thay v gi i d liu n node chuyn tip, node thng

dng kh nng x l ca mnh gii quyt trc khi pht i. Vi dng c cu

trc, d liu c x l n mc tt nht nh lm gim c nng lng

cn dng v bng thng knh truyn. Mt vi k thut v tiu chun ph hp

vi mng cm bin nh sau:

Cm bin:

Chc nng c bn

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X l tn hiu

Nn cc gia thc pht hin, sa li

Phn chia Cluster

T phn nhm

K thut truyn v tuyn

Dy truyn sng

S h hi ng truyn

K thut iu ch

Giao thc mng

Tiu chun

IEEE 802.11a/b/g

IEEE 802.15.1 Pan/Bluetooth

IEEE 802.15.3 Ultrawideband (UWB)

IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee (IEEE 802.14.4 l tiu chun cho v tuyn

IEEE 802.15.16 Wimax

IEEE 1451.5 (Wireless Sensor Working Group)

Mobile IP

Phn mm ng dng

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H iu hnh

Phn mm mng

Phn mm kt ni c s d liu trc tip

Phn mm middleware

Phn mm qun l d liu

1.4 cc thnh phn c bn cu trc mng cm bin:

Cc thnh phn c bn v thit k trng tm ca mng WSNs cn c t

trong ng cnh ca m hnh WSNs dng 1 (C1WSNs) c gii thiu

phn trc. Bi v l m hnh vi s lng ln cm bin trong mng, cha d

liu nhiu, d liu khng tht hon ho, kh nng h hng cc node cao, cng

nh kh nng b nhiu ln, gii hn cng sut cung cp, x l, thiu thng tin

cc node trong mng. Do vy, C1WSNs tng qut hn so vi m hnh

C2WSNs. S pht trin mng cm bin, thng tin, v tnh ton (gii thut trao

i d liu, phn cng v phn mm).

Sensor Type and Technology

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Hnh 1.1 cho thy m hnh cu trc ca mng cm bin thng dng. Cc

cm bin lin kt theo giao thc Multihop, phn chia Cluster chn ra node c

kh nng tt nht lm node trung tm, tt c cc node loi ny s truyn v

node x l chnh. Nh vy, nng lng cng nh bng thng knh truyn s

s dng hiu qu hn. Tuy nhin, c th thy cu trc mng phc tp v giao

thc phn chia Cluster v nh tuyn cng tr nn kh khn hn.

Mt vi c im ca mng cm bin:

Cc node phn b dy c

Cc node d b h hng

Giao thc mng thay i thng xuyn

Cc node b gii hn v cng sut, kh nng tnh ton, v b nh

Cc node c th khng c ng nht ton h thng v s lng

ln cc node

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Hnh 1.2 cu to nt cm bin

Cc thnh phn cu to nn mt node trong mng cm bin nh trn hnh

1.2:

Mt cm bin (c th l mt hay dy cm bin) v n v thc thi

(nu c)

n v x l

n v lin lc bng v tuyn

Ngun cung cp

Cc phn mm ng dng khc

Software (Operating Systems and Middleware)

cung cp s hot ng cho cc node, phn quan trng l cc h iu

hnh ngun m c thit k c bit cho WSNs. Thng thng, cc h iu

hnh nh th dng kin trc da trn thnh phn c th thit lp mt cch

nhanh chng trong khi kch thc code nh ph hp vi b nh c gii hn

ca sensor networks. TinyOS l mt v d v dng ny, y l mt chun

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khng chnh thc. Thnh phn ca TinyOS gm giao thc mng, phn phi

cc node, drivers cho cm bin v cc ng dng.

Rt nhu nghin cu s dng TinyOS trong m phng pht trin v

kim tra cc giao thc v gii thut mi, nhiu nhm nghin cu ang c

gng kt hp cc m xy dng tiu chun cho cc dch v mng tng

thch.

Standards for Transport Protocols

Mc ch thit k WSN l pht trin gii php mng khng dy da

trn tiu chun v hao ph l thp nht, p ng cc yu cu nh tc d

liu thp-trung bnh, tiu th cng sut thp, m bo bo mt v tin cy

cho h thng. V tr cc node cm bin hu nh khng xc nh trc, c

ngha l giao thc v gii thut mng phi c kh nng t xy dng.

Cc nh nghin cu pht trin nhiu giao thc c bit cho WSN, trong

vn d cn bn l nng lng tiu th phi thp nht n mc c th. Chyu tp trung vo giao thc nh tuyn bi v nh tuyn c khc so vi cc

mng truyn thng (ph thuc vo ng dng v kin trc mng).

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Hnh 1.3 kin trc giao thc mng cm bin

Kin trc mng gm mt phng qun l :

o Mt phng qun l nng lng: qun l cch cm bin s

dng ngun nng lng ca n.

o Mt phng qun l di ng : c nhim v pht hin v ng

k s chuyn ng ca cc nt , cc nt theo di xem ai l

hng xm ca chng.

o Mt phng qun l nhim v : cn bng v sp xp nhim v

ca cc nt trong mt vng quan tm .

V cc lp :

Layer 1 : lp vt l : cc quy c v in, knh truyn, cm bin, x

l tn hiu

Layer 2 : lp lin kt d liu : cc cu trc khung nh thi

Layer 3 : lp mng : nh tuyn

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Layer 4 : lp chuyn vn :truyn d liu trong mng,lu tr d liu

Upper Layer : phc v cc ng dng trong mng, bao gm x l ng

dng, kt hp d liu, x l cc yu cu t bn ngoi, c s d liungoi

Bng 1.2 nu ra mt s giao thc thp c th ng dng cho WSNs. So

snh gia cc chun, mc ch ca ng dng, tiu chun cho thit k, khong

cch truyn v bng thng ti a.

Mc d cm bin c gi thnh ngy cng thp, nhng vn cn thiu cc

tiu chun mng cho WSNs, iu ny l mt yu t gy cn tr s pht trin

mng cm bin cho mc ch thng mi.

Routing

Giao thc nh tuyn cho WSNs ri vo 3 nhm: d liu trung tm, kin

trc mng, v cn c vo v tr. Cc quy c v tp hp d liu n t cc

ngun khc nhau qua ng truyn. iu ny cho pho hn ch s d tha

trong mng, lm gim s ng truyn, gim nng lng tiu th. Vn

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quan tm trong x l ni mng, ngay khi d liu ang c truyn nhm tng

hiu qu s dng nng lng ca ton h thng. Bng thng b gii hn, kh

nng cung cp cng sut cc node b hn ch hay gi thnh cao. gii quyt

vn ny, cn c qu trnh x l ti ngun trc khi chuyn qua cc node ln

cn, ch truyn thng tin tm tt, ngn gn, tng hp nht.

Sensor Network Organization and Tacking

Cc vn lin quan n s sp xp mng v theo di v gim st bao

gm qun l nhm cc cm bin, kh nng t phn chia nhm, xy dng phin

lm vic

Computation

Tnh ton lin quan n tp hp d liu, dung hp, phn tch, tnh ton cu

trc v x l tn hiu.

Data ManagementQun l d liu ph thuc vo kin trc d liu, qun l c s d liu, k

thut truy vn v lu tr d liu. Trong mi trng mng truyn thng, d

liu c thu thp n trung tm lu tr khi c yu cu c gi i. Trong

cc mng phc tp hn, cc yu cu theo thi gian thc, cn c cc k thut

c xy dng dng cho cc m hnh k tr d liu phn b. D liu cn

c nh ch s cho vic kim tra (theo khng gian v thi gian) hiu quhn.

Security

Bo mt l mt phn quan trng trong WSNs, s chc chn, nht qun v

s sn sng ca thng tin.

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1.5 Cc thch thc v tr ngi:

WSNs thc s tr ln rng khp trong cc ng dng, mt s thch thc

v tr ngi cn phi vt qua:

Chc nng gii hn, bao gm c vn v kch thc

Yu t ngung cung cp

Gi thnh cc node

Yu t mi trng

c tnh knh truyn

Giao thc qun l mng phc tp v s phn b cc ri node

Tiu chun v quyn s hu

Cc vn m rng

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Chng 2NG DNG CM BIN KHNG DY

WSN l s tp hp cc kch thc nh gn (compact-size), c th l cc

node cm bin vi gi thnh thp, c kh nng lm vic trong iu kin mi

trng t nhin hoc o c cc thng s khc v a ra thng tin n trung

tm cho cc x l ph hp. Cc node trong mng WSN c th lin lc vi

node xung quanh n, cn c th c cc x l d liu thu c trc khi gi

n cc node khc. WSN cung cp rt nhiu cc ng dng hu ch

2.1 Cc m hnh phn b :

Nh c cp trong chng 1, m hnh WSN c xy dng ch

yu theo hai loi:

Category 1 WSNs (C1WSNs): h thng lui kt ni a ng gia

cc node qua knh truyn v tuyn, s dng giao thc nh tuyn

ng

Category 2 WSNs (C2WSNs): m hnh im-im hay a im-

im, ch yu l cc lin kt n (single-hop) gia cc node, dng

giao thc nh tuyn tnh

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Theo cch khc, ta c th chia m hnh theo hai dng hp tc (cooperative)

v bt hp tc (noncooperative). Trong dng hp tc cc node chuyn tip

thng tin cho cc node ln cn. Cn trong dng bt hp tc, cc node truyn

thng tin trc tip ln trung tm m khng qua cc node ln cn

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Mc d cn c cc cch phn loi m hnh khc, tuy nhin theo 2 dng

C1WSNs v C2WSNs l tng qut nht cho cc cch cu hnh mng WSNs.

Cc ng dng c xy dng trn cc m hnh ny.

2.2Cc ng dng ca mng WSNs:

Chia ra lm 2 loi ng dng theo m hnh: h thng im-im dng nh

tuyn tnh v h thng phc tp dng giao thc nh tuyn ng.

S hi t ca internet, thng tin v tuyn v k thut thng tin to cho

cng ngh cm bin s pht trin y tim nng. Phn cng WSN, c bit lcc vi x l gi thnh thp, cm bin nh gn, phn thu pht v tuyn tiu th

cng sut thp tr thnh cc tiu chun chung. Mng cm bin thng thng

hot ng tn s 900MHz (868-v 915-MHz), h thng thng mi (IEEE

802.11b hay IEEE 802.5.4) trong dy tn 2.4-GHz.

Trong nhng nm gn y, cc nh nghin cu v WSNs t c

nhng bc pht trin mnh m cc bc tin t cc nghin cu ha hn tc

ng ln n cc ng dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc an ninh quc gia, chm

sc sc khe, mi trng, nng lng, an ton thc phm, sn xut

Cc ng dng ca mng WSNs thc s ch b gii hn bi s tng tng

ca con ngi.

Sau y l cc ng dng ph bin nht ca WSNs:

ng dng trong qun s v an ninh quc gia

Gim st chin trng

Bo v an ninh cho cc cng trnh trng yu

ng dng trong qun i

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Qun l sn xut

Robot t hnh

o lng kh gas, in

H thng x l vt liu (ha hc, nhit gas)

ng dng trong y hc

Cm bin gn trc tip ln c th ngi

Chm sc sc khe

Phn ng vi dch bnh

Phn tch sc khe c nhn

An ton thc phm

Phn tch nng cc cht

Gim st bnh nhn, nhn vin y t..

.

ng dng trong gia nh

iu kin t xa cc thit b trong nh

H thng t ng trong gia nh, cnh bo an ninh

Gim st an ninh

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.

ng dng trong nghin cu

2.3 Cc v d v ng dng dng 1 WSN (C1WSNs):

C1WSN ng dng trong cc mng m cc node khng c gim st

(unattended), WSN c bit c hiu qu trong trong qun s v dn s, gim

st cc hot ng chin trng, anh ninh v ng ph vi dch bnh. Do c

im s node rt ln, phn b ri, s qun l cht ch ca cc node rt kh

khn,cc node phi c kh nng t phn b cu trc, dng giao thc nhtuyn ng a v d liu v trung tm theo cc ng ni i tt nht.

2.3.1 ng dng qun s an ninh v thin nhin:

Trong phn ng dch bnh, thm ha thin nhin lng ln cc cm bin

c th t trn khng, mng li cc cm bin s cho bit v tr ngi sng

st, vng nguy him, gip cho ngi gim st c cc thng tin chnh xc mbo hiu qu v an ton cho cc hot ng tm kim.

S dng mng WSN hn ch s c mt trc tip ca con ngi trong mi

trng nguy him. ng dng an ninh bao gm pht hin xm nhp v truy bt

ti phm.

Mng cm bin qun s pht hin v c c thng tin v s di chuynca i phung, cht n v cc thng tin khc

Pht hin v phn loi cc cht ha cht, sinh ha, sng v tuyn,

phng x ht nhn, cht n

Gim st s thay i ca kh hu, bin, rng

Gim st xe c trn ng

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Gim st an ninh trong cc khu vc dn c, thng mi

Theo di bin gii kt hp v tinh

Hnh 2.5 a ra cc v d v cm bin trong qun s. Cc cm bin trang

b trn cc phng tin k thut phc v cho vic gim st cc hot ng

chin trng

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2.3.2 ng dng trong gim st xe c v thng tin lin quan:

Mc tiu ca cc h thng ny l thu thp thng tin thng qua cc mng

cm bin, x l v lu tr d liu ti trung tm, s dng d liu cho ccng dng cn thit.

H thng c lp t dc theo cc ng chnh, mng cm bin s tp

hp d liu v tc lu thng, mt xe, s lng xe trn ng. D liu

sau c truyn n trung tm d liu x l. Mng theo di lin tc,

cung cp thng tin cp nht thng xuyn theo thi gian thc. Cc thng tin

thu c dng gim st lu lng, iu phi giao thng hoc cho cc mc

ch khc.

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2.4 Cc v d v ng dng dng 2 WSN (C2WSN):

Cc ng dng dng ny dng m hnh im-im (hay m hnh sao), vi

cc lin kt n v tuyn nh tuyn tnh. C2WSN ng dng trong iu khint ng cc ta nh, cng nghip, y t, iu khin ni c tr Cc ng dng

gm iu khin nh sng, nhit , anh ninh, mi trng, cm bin trong y

khoa, iu khin t xa trong gia nh hay cng nghip Nhiu ng dng

c xy dng theo chun IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee). Zigbee cung cp t tng

tc v p ng c cc c im ca lin lc v tuyn (RF)

Zigbee c th c xy dng trong nhiu mng khng dy c g thnh

thp, tiu th t cng sut ngun vi s lng ln cc node. Vn quan tm

l chun ny cha nhiu giao thc, tc d liu v cc tn s thch hp p

dng rng ri. Gia ZigBee v Bluetooth v cn bn c nhiu im khc nhau

v dng cho mc ch ng dng khc nhau. ZigBee c thit k cho mi

trng chu k nhim v thp, nh tuyn tnh hoc ng, nhiu node cng

hot ng. Trong khi bluetooth c thit k cho ng dng i hi cht lng

cao (QoS), chu k nhim v thay i, tc d liu va phi, s node gii

hn.

Mi cm bin c mt b dao ng nh thc b x l chnh sau mt

khong thi gian nht nh sang ch lm vic.

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So snh thi gian hot ng pin trong 2 chun Bluetooth v ZigBee. Hnh

2.7 cho thy thi gian hot ng pin ca chun Zigbee cao hn

2.4.1 iu khin cc thit b trong nh

ng dng ca WSN cung cp iu khin, bo qun, tin nghi v an ninh.

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Cc node cm bin c lp trn cc thit b, v tr cn thit, sau kt ni

thnh mng truyn d liu v node trung tm. Mt kh nng c th pht trin

l cc cm bin theo di y t c gn trc tip ln c th ngi bnh o

c thng xuyn cc thng s v huyt p, nhp tim

2.4.2 Cc ta nh t ng

ng dng cung cp kh nng iu khin, qun l, ta s thun li trong

kim sot, an ninhqun l nhiu h thng cng lc, h thng chiu sng,

nhit , an ninh, gim st nhn vin, qun l hiu qu tiu th nng lng

trong ta nh, gn cc chip ln hng ha, gim c thi gian kim tra cth d dng c thc hin bng C2WSNs v cng ngh ZigBee.

c im ni bt l dng cc cng ngh microsensor tiu th rt t cng

sut, thu pht v tuyn, k thut lin lc v cm bin khng dy a chc nng.

Cc cm bin kt hp nhit , nh sng, m thanh, v tr.

Giao din mng v tuyn.

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Nng lng hot ng lu di.

Phn mm iu khin cho cc ng dng.

2.4.3 Qun l qu trnh t ng trong cng nghip:

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Cc ng dng trong sn xut cng nghip gm iu khin, qun l, hiu

sut v an ton. Cc cm bin dt trong mi trng lm vic gim st qu

trnh sn xut, cht lng sn phm, kim sot mi trng lm vic, quane l

nhn vind liu c a v trung tm ngi qun l c th a ra cc

quyt nh kp thi. Trn hnh 2.10, cc node cm bin kt ni thnh mng

li gi d liu n node trung tm, s dng giao thc nh tuyn tnh

2.4.4 Cc ng dng trong y hc

Mt s bnh vin v trung tm y t ang ng dng cng ngh WSNs vo

vic chn on, chm sc sc khe, i ph vi cc dch bnh. WSNs cho

php theo di tnh trng ca bnh nhn kinh nin ngay ti nh, lm cho vic

phn tch v iu tr thun tin hn, rt ngn thi gian iu tr ti bnh vin.

WSN cn cho php thu thp thng tin y t qua thi gian di thnh cc c s

d liu quan trng, cc bin php can thip hiu qu.

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Chng 3

TM HIU NH TUYN N GINFLOODING V GOSSIPING

3.1 c im c bn ca Flooding v Gossiping

Vn nh tuyn trong mng cm bin l mt thch thc kh khn i

hi phi cn bng gia s p ng nhanh ca mng v hiu qu S cn bngny yu cu s cn thit thch hp kh nng tnh ton v truyn dn ca cc

nt cm bin ngc vi mo u yu cu thch ng vi iu kin ny. Trong

mng cm bin khng dy, m u c o chnh l lng bng thng c

s dng, tiu th cng sut v yu cu x l ca cc nt di ng. Vic tm ra

chin lc cn bng gia s cnh tranh ny cn thit to ra mt nn tng

chin lc nh tuyn . c rt nhiu cc giao thc nh tuyn dung cho mngcm bin khng dy , y em ch ni v Flooding v Gossiping.

Flooding l k thut chung thng c s dng tm ra ng v truyn

thng tin trong mng adhoc v tuyn v hu tuyn. Chin lc nh tuyn

ny rt n gin v khng ph thuc vo cu hnh mng v cc gii thut

nh tuyn phc tp. Flood s dng phng php reactive nh mi nt

nhn d liu hoc iu khin d liu gi cc gi ti cc nt ln cn. Sau

khi truyn, mt gi s c truyn trn tt c cc ng c th. Tr khi mng

b ngt khng th cc gi s truyn n ch (hnh 3.1)

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Hnh 3.1 truyn gi trong flooding

Hn na khi cu hnh mng thay i cc gi s truyn theo nhng tuyn mi

gii thut ny s to ra v hn cc bn sao ca mi gi khi i qua cc nt.Gii

thut ny c 3 nhc im ln nh sau: th nht l hin tng bn tin kp.Tc l cc 2 gi d liu ging nhau c gi n cng nt. Th hai l hin

tng chng cho, tc l

cc nt cng cm nhn mt vng khng gian v do to ra cc gi tng t

nhau gi n cc nt ln cn. V th 3 l thut ton ny khng h quan

tm n vn nng lng ca cc nt, cc nut s nhanh chng tiu hao nng

lng v lm gim thi gian sng ca mng.Mt s ci tin ca giao thc ny l Gossiping, thut ton ny ci tin ch

mi nt s ngu nhin gi gi m n nhn c n mt trong cc nt ln cn

ca n. Thut ton ny lm gim s lng cc gi lan truyn trong mng,

trnh hin tng bn tin kp tuy nhin c nhc im l c th gi s khng

bao gi n c ch . sau y l mt s hnh nh m phng giao thc

flooding v gossiping bng SNETsim 1 (phn mm tng i n gin dohc vin hi qun Th Nh K pht trin )

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Hnh 3.2 kt qu m phng Flooding bng SNETSim 1

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Hnh 3.2 kt qu m phng GOSSIPING bng SNETSim 1

Kt lun

Tuy em c gng v thi gian c hn nh nn bn bo co ny khng

trnh khi cn nhiu thiu st . Em xin trn thnh cm n TS Nguyn Nam

Qun v s gip tn tnh cng nh nhng kin qu bu ca thy , trong

thi gian thc tp ny ..